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Sri Lankan textile designer and former governor of the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka Anuradha Yahampath 6th Governor of Eastern Province (/wiki/Governor_of_Eastern_Province) In office 4 December 2019 – 15 May 2023 Preceded by Shan Wijayalal De Silva (/wiki/Shan_Wijayalal_De_Silva) Succeeded by Senthil Thondaman (/w/index.php?title=Senthil_Thondaman&action=edit&redlink=1) Personal details Nationality Sri Lankan Alma mater (/wiki/Alma_mater) University of Leeds (/wiki/University_of_Leeds) Occupation exporter, textile designer, governor Anuradha Yahampath ( Sinhala (/wiki/Sinhala_language) : අනුරාධා යහම්පත් ) is a Sri Lankan textile designer, exporter and former Governor of the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka (/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Eastern_Province) . [1] (#cite_note-1) She is also the director of Kandys, a handloom brand in Sri Lanka and she is also the current chairperson of the National Entrepreneurs Association of Sri Lanka. [2] (#cite_note-2) Career [ edit ] Yahampath is an alumnus of the University of Leeds (/wiki/University_of_Leeds) where she completed her degree in Textile Design (/wiki/Textile_Design) . She joined the popular handloom brand Kandygs, owned by her mother Sita Yahampath. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) In 2018, her contributions to export sector of the country were recognised by the Export Development Board and was awarded for the best innovative exporter. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) On 4 December 2019, Yahampath was appointed as the governor of the Eastern Province (/wiki/Governor_of_the_Eastern_Province) , thus making her the first female governor of the Eastern Province (/wiki/Eastern_Province,_Sri_Lanka) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) On 15 September 2023, Yahampath was removed from her post as governor by President (/wiki/President_of_Sri_Lanka) Ranil Wickremesinghe (/wiki/Ranil_Wickremesinghe) , along with two other provincial governors, Northern Province Governor (/wiki/Governor_of_the_Northern_Province) Jeevan Thiagarajah (/wiki/Jeevan_Thiagarajah) and Northwestern Province Governor Admiral of the Fleet Wasantha Karannagoda (/wiki/Wasantha_Karannagoda) . [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) MENAFN. "Eastern Province Governor Anuradha Yahampath says she will implement President's poll manifesto" (https://menafn.com/1099370692/Eastern-Province-Governor-Anuradha-Yahampath-says-she-will-implement-Presidents-poll-manifesto) . menafn.com . Retrieved 2019-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "KANDYGS HANDLOOM EXPORTS LTD" (http://www.srilankabusiness.com/exporters-directory/kandygs-handloom-exports-ltd-825.html) . www.srilankabusiness.com . Retrieved 2019-12-06 . ^ a b "BUSINESS TODAY -Kandygs wins three awards at NCE Export Awards" (http://www.businesstoday.lk/article.php?article=8655) . www.businesstoday.lk . Retrieved 2019-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Sri Lanka : New governors appointed for two provinces" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191206120028/http://www.colombopage.com/archive_19B/Dec04_1575466803CH.php) . www.colombopage.com . Archived from the original (http://www.colombopage.com/archive_19B/Dec04_1575466803CH.php) on 2019-12-06 . Retrieved 2019-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "MURALI AMONG THREE NEW GOVERNERS TO BE APPOINTED" (http://www.dailymirror.lk/print/front_page/MURALI-AMONG-THREE-NEW-GOVERNERS-TO-BE-APPOINTED/238-178547) . www.dailymirror.lk . Retrieved 2019-12-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Three new governors to be sworn in" (https://www.newsfirst.lk/2023/05/17/three-new-governors-to-be-sworn-in/) . Sri Lanka News - Newsfirst . 2023-05-17 . Retrieved 2023-09-21 . v t e Governors (/wiki/Provincial_Governors_of_Sri_Lanka) of the Eastern Province (/wiki/Eastern_Province,_Sri_Lanka) Governors (/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Eastern_Province) Wijewickrama (/wiki/Mohan_Wijewickrama) Fernando (/wiki/Austin_Fernando) Bogollagama (/wiki/Rohitha_Bogollagama) Hizbullah (/wiki/M._L._A._M._Hizbullah) Shan Wijayalal De Silva (/wiki/Shan_Wijayalal_De_Silva) Anuradha Thondaman (/w/index.php?title=Senthil_Thondaman&action=edit&redlink=1) Acting NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐9xqmm Cached time: 20240713000038 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.542 seconds Real time usage: 0.784 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7546/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23832/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1967/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35484/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.364/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15071868/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 682.240 1 -total 27.79% 189.565 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder 17.96% 122.507 1 Template:Lang-si 17.60% 120.087 1 Template:Reflist 15.01% 102.420 6 Template:Cite_web 14.30% 97.533 1 Template:Short_description 13.91% 94.886 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office 12.52% 85.424 1 Template:Governors_of_Eastern_Province 12.18% 83.070 1 Template:Navbox 8.97% 61.191 1 Template:Authority_control Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:62516428-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713000038 and revision id 1176413313. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anuradha_Yahampath&oldid=1176413313 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anuradha_Yahampath&oldid=1176413313) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Sri Lankan fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_fashion_designers) Sri Lankan women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_women_fashion_designers) Sri Lankan businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_businesspeople) Governors of Eastern Province, Sri Lanka (/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Eastern_Province,_Sri_Lanka) Alumni of the University of Leeds (/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_University_of_Leeds) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description) Articles containing Sinhala-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Sinhala-language_text) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
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Fictional character who appears on The Cosby Show Fictional character Denise Huxtable The Cosby Show (/wiki/The_Cosby_Show) / A Different World (/wiki/A_Different_World) character Actress Lisa Bonet (/wiki/Lisa_Bonet) as Denise Huxtable First appearance "Pilot" (/wiki/Pilot_(The_Cosby_Show)) (September 20, 1984) Last appearance "Cliff and Jake" (April 11, 1991) Created by Bill Cosby (/wiki/Bill_Cosby) Portrayed by Lisa Bonet (/wiki/Lisa_Bonet) In-universe information Full name Denise Huxtable Kendall Occupation Student Assistant at Blue Wave Records Wildlife photographer Family Cliff Huxtable (/wiki/Cliff_Huxtable) (father) Clair Huxtable (/wiki/Clair_Huxtable) (mother) Sondra Huxtable (/wiki/Sondra_Huxtable) (sister) Theo Huxtable (/wiki/Theodore_Huxtable) (brother) Vanessa Huxtable (sister) Rudy Huxtable (/wiki/Rudy_Huxtable) (sister) Spouse Martin Kendall (/wiki/Martin_Kendall) Children Olivia Kendall (/wiki/Olivia_Kendall) (stepdaughter) Relatives Russel Huxtable (paternal grandfather) Anna Huxtable (paternal grandmother) Al Hanks (maternal grandfather) Carrie Hanks (maternal grandmother) Pam Tucker (cousin) Nelson Tibideaux (nephew) Winnie Tibideaux (niece) Nationality American Denise Huxtable Kendall [1] (#cite_note-:27-1) [2] (#cite_note-:29-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) is a fictional character on the American sitcom The Cosby Show (/wiki/The_Cosby_Show) (1984–1992), portrayed by actress Lisa Bonet (/wiki/Lisa_Bonet) . Denise also leads the first season (/wiki/List_of_A_Different_World_episodes#Season_1_(1987–88)) of its spin-off (/wiki/Spin-off_(media)) A Different World (/wiki/A_Different_World) (1987). The second-born child of Cliff (/wiki/Cliff_Huxtable) and Clair Huxtable (/wiki/Clair_Huxtable) , Denise is a free spirit known for her eccentric clothing. Alternating between regular (/wiki/Regular_character) and recurring character (/wiki/Recurring_character) , Denise appears on the sitcom on-and-off throughout its eight-year run, from its pilot (/wiki/Television_pilot) " Theo's Economic Lesson (/wiki/Theo%27s_Economic_Lesson) " to the seventh-season episode "Cliff and Jake", for a total of 98 episodes (/wiki/List_of_The_Cosby_Show_episodes) , after which Bonet departed for the remainder of the series. Created by comedian Bill Cosby (/wiki/Bill_Cosby) , Denise was conceived as the Huxtable's eldest child until older sister Sondra (/wiki/Sondra_Huxtable) was introduced in the show's second episode. Struggling academically, Denise drops out (/wiki/Dropping_out) of school shortly after enrolling at the historically black (/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities) Hillman College. She briefly returns home before traveling to Africa, where she marries Lt. Martin Kendall (/wiki/Martin_Kendall) , becoming stepmother to his daughter, Olivia (/wiki/Olivia_Kendall) . Bonet was cast as Denise because the producers found that she embodied some of the character's unique traits. Based on Cosby's daughter Erinn, the show's creator borrowed inspiration from their relationship for Denise's storylines exploring self-discovery (/wiki/Self-discovery) and independence. Bonet and Cosby experienced creative differences on the set of The Cosby Show , particularly regarding her career choices beyond the sitcom. Cosby developed A Different World amidst their dispute to provide the actress with a more mature platform. However, Bonet was fired from the spin-off when she became pregnant during its first season, and temporarily rejoined the cast of The Cosby Show. After leaving (/wiki/Maternity_leave) The Cosby Show for one year to give birth, Bonet returned as a series regular at the beginning of its sixth season until Cosby ultimately fired her during season seven. Denise became The Cosby Show 's breakout character, and resonated with young adult fans. Bonet's performance was critically acclaimed and earned her a Primetime Emmy Award (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award) nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actress_in_a_Comedy_Series) in 1986. Some fans criticized Bonet's controversial role in Angel Heart (/wiki/Angel_Heart) (1987), claiming it disrespected Denise's wholesome image. Denise did not fare as well on A Different World ; critics found Bonet uninteresting and often blamed her performance for the show's unimpressive early reviews. Revered as a fashion icon (/wiki/Fashion_icon) , the character's eclectic style has had a profound impact on modern fashion trends, namely boho-chic (/wiki/Boho-chic) ; media publications frequently rank Denise among television's best-dressed characters. Role [ edit ] The Cosby Show (/wiki/The_Cosby_Show) follows the daily goings-on of the Huxtable family, an upper-middle class (/wiki/Upper_middle_class) African American family who reside in Brooklyn, New York. The family is run by Dr. Cliff Huxtable (/wiki/Cliff_Huxtable) ( Bill Cosby (/wiki/Bill_Cosby) ), an obstetrician (/wiki/Obstetrician) , and his wife Clair (/wiki/Clair_Huxtable) ( Phylicia Rashad (/wiki/Phylicia_Rashad) ), a lawyer. The second eldest of their five children, [4] (#cite_note-:73-4) [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Denise is a younger sister of Sondra (/wiki/Sondra_Huxtable) ( Sabrina Lebeauf (/wiki/Sabrina_Le_Beauf) ) and an elder sister to Theo (/wiki/Theodore_Huxtable) ( Malcolm-Jamal Warner (/wiki/Malcolm-Jamal_Warner) ), Vanessa (/wiki/Vanessa_Huxtable) ( Tempestt Bledsoe (/wiki/Tempestt_Bledsoe) ) and Rudy (/wiki/Rudy_Huxtable) ( Keshia Knight Pulliam (/wiki/Keshia_Knight_Pulliam) ). [6] (#cite_note-:71-6) After graduating from high school, Denise leaves home to pursue post-secondary education at the fictional, historically black (/wiki/Black_college) Hillman College, [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) the college both her parents and grandparents had attended. [8] (#cite_note-:37-8) A Different World (/wiki/A_Different_World) focuses on the character during her freshman and sophomore years at Hillman, [9] (#cite_note-:74-9) [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) revolving around her as she meets new friends and adjusts to college life. However, Denise constantly struggles with her finances (/wiki/Budget_management) and academics to the point of which she ultimately drops out (/wiki/High_school_dropouts) , [11] (#cite_note-11) becoming the first member of her family to drop out of college. [12] (#cite_note-:33-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-:63-14) After leaving Hillman, Denise returns to her childhood home in the hopes of forging her own "alternative path" towards success. [15] (#cite_note-15) Initially interested in becoming either a fashion designer or record producer, [16] (#cite_note-:56-16) Denise pursues several short-lived part-time jobs, from which she is either fired or quits after a brief period of time, before traveling to Africa to work as a wildlife photographer's assistant. [6] (#cite_note-:71-6) Denise returns to the Huxtable household one year later, this time as the second wife of a divorced Naval officer, Lt. Martin Kendall (/wiki/Martin_Kendall) ( Joseph C. Phillips (/wiki/Joseph_C._Phillips) ) – who she marries without her family's knowledge – and stepmother to his three-year-old daughter Olivia (/wiki/Olivia_Kendall) ( Raven-Symoné (/wiki/Raven-Symon%C3%A9) ). [17] (#cite_note-:34-17) After developing an interest in teaching children with learning disabilities (/wiki/Learning_disability) , Denise eventually decides to enroll at Medgar Evers College (/wiki/Medgar_Evers_College) . [18] (#cite_note-:69-18) Finally, Denise relocates to Asia to live with Martin, where he is stationed for the remainder of the series, while Olivia remains in Brooklyn with her parents. [6] (#cite_note-:71-6) In the series finale, Denise phone calls her family from Asia to announce that she is pregnant with her and Martin's first child. [19] (#cite_note-:72-19) Development [ edit ] Creation and writing [ edit ] Comedian Bill Cosby became interested in developing The Cosby Show partially because he was unimpressed with popular family sitcoms (/wiki/Family-friendly) airing at the time, some of which often depicted children talking back to and disrespecting their parents without suffering serious consequences. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Cosby intended for The Cosby Show 's children to remain intelligent while emphasizing that "their parents were always smarter and—most importantly—in charge." [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Denise was intended to be the eldest of the Huxtable family's four children. [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) However, Cosby also wanted the show to feature a character who was an example of parents Cliff and Clair having already successfully raised a college-educated child, hence the writers introduced eldest sibling Sondra, a Princeton University (/wiki/Princeton_University) graduate, in the second episode, while Denise was relegated to the role of the Huxtable's second eldest child instead. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Cosby himself is the father of five children, four daughters and one son, much like his character Cliff. [20] (#cite_note-:4-20) All five Huxtable children are based on Cosby's own; [8] (#cite_note-:37-8) Denise in particular was based on the creator's daughter Erinn, who was approximately Denise's same age when the series began in 1984. [21] (#cite_note-:46-21) According to Cosby: His Life and Times author Mark Whitaker (/wiki/Mark_Whitaker_(journalist)) , Cosby conceived Denise as a "hip, fashion-conscious, and a bit flaky" character. [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) Early storylines included Denise fighting with younger sister Vanessa over the latter borrowing her sweater without permission, getting her braces removed, announcing her decision to attend college away from home, promising younger brother Theo that she is capable of sewing him a replica (/wiki/Knock_off) of an expensive designer shirt (/wiki/Designer_clothing) he had purchased, and tricking her parents into believing she had spent a night at a male friend's house to prove a point about their parenting style (/wiki/Parenting_styles) . [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) [24] (#cite_note-:51-24) An episode entitled "Jitterbug Break" was written to explore Cosby's interest in the ways in which different generations dance. [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) When Denise's parents deny her permission to attend a concert, some of her friends are invited into their living room which has been converted into a dance floor by rearranging some of the furniture, allowing them room to break dance (/wiki/Breakdancing) . [25] (#cite_note-:6-25) They are eventually joined by a pair of Cliff and Clair's swing dancing (/wiki/Swing_(dance)) friends, and a dance battle ensues between the younger and older dancers. [25] (#cite_note-:6-25) In one of the show's more serious episodes, Denise struggles with the revelation that a teenage friend of hers is pregnant. [26] (#cite_note-26) Several episodes revolving around Denise explore her boyfriends and dating life. [27] (#cite_note-:77-27) Casting and portrayal [ edit ] Denise is portrayed by American actress Lisa Bonet (/wiki/Lisa_Bonet) , whose acting experience prior to The Cosby Show had been limited to television commercials and a guest appearance (/wiki/Guest_appearance) on the medical drama (/wiki/Medical_drama) St. Elsewhere (/wiki/St._Elsewhere) . [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) Casting the role of Denise, who was intended to be the Huxtable's family's eldest child at the time, was a relatively quick process. [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) Bonet first auditioned for the show's directors, followed by its producers, then finally Cosby himself and the network executives. [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) Cosby immediately liked then-15 year-old Bonet because she had been wearing makeup on only one side of her face, already demonstrating some of the quirky qualities Cosby had envisioned for the character. [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) Impressed by the young actress' strong sense of self (/wiki/Sense_of_self) , [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) producer Marcy Carsey (/wiki/Marcy_Carsey) said Bonet wore braces, a "real kid" hairstyle, [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) and "off-center" clothing to her audition, which were very similar to what the creators had always envisioned for Denise. [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) They described Bonet as a young woman who refuses to be anything but herself based on the actress' natural line delivery, [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) which Cosby found refreshing compared to the "stagey" acting most child auditionees relied on. [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) According to People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) , Denise "didn't fit into any mold, a role that seemed made for Lisa Bonet". [29] (#cite_note-:86-29) The role had originally been offered to Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) , but she turned it down because the five-year contract would have interfered with her aspiring singing career. [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) The candidates were eventually narrowed down to three finalists for each child character, including Bonet for Denise, although she felt discouraged after overhearing one of her competitors say her braces will cost her the part. [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) After Bonet learned that she had in fact been chosen for the role from director Jay Sandrich (/wiki/Jay_Sandrich) , she met with Cosby one more time, who admitted to liking her braces. [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) Once Bonet was cast, the writers began to incorporate some aspects of her personality into her character, [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) although her own fashion sense and behavior is viewed as more "outlandish" than Denise's. [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) Costume designer Sarah Lemire was granted a weekly budget of $3000 to outfit the show's characters, and frequently risks with Bonet's wardrobe in particular. [32] (#cite_note-:16-32) Lemire said she would have liked to have been "more outrageous with [Bonet's] hair and hats", but limited herself because she had little control over the actress' hair. [33] (#cite_note-:17-33) Praising Bonet's own taste in clothes, Lemire likened costuming her to "dressing myself if I was 20 years younger". [33] (#cite_note-:17-33) Bonet often selected her character's outfits herself with little input from the wardrobe department. [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) Denise was Bonet's first major television role. [21] (#cite_note-:46-21) Being of mixed ethnicity (/wiki/Multiracial) , her character's upbringing "as a teen-ager in a well-adjusted, upper-middle-class black family" is remarkably different from how Bonet grew up, which took some time for the actress to adjust to; she never knew her father and was raised by her mother in a lower-middle-class (/wiki/Lower_middle_class) , mostly white neighborhood. [34] (#cite_note-:13-34) However, Bonet credits her role on The Cosby Show with "helping resolve her own identity crisis (/wiki/Identity_crisis) ". [34] (#cite_note-:13-34) Bonet described the show's environment in 1987 as "the perfect family, where you go to work, you get tired of them and you go home", [35] (#cite_note-:44-35) and at the time likened working alongside Cosby to "learning from a master", from whom she often sought both professional and personal advice. [36] (#cite_note-:67-36) Actress Phylicia Rashad (/wiki/Phylicia_Rashad) , who portrays Bonet's on-screen mother Clair, described Bonet as "one of the best young actresses today ... She is phenomenal for someone of her years". [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) Creative conflicts and A Different World [ edit ] Bonet had a tense working relationship with both Cosby and the show's producers throughout most of her time on the series. [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) [24] (#cite_note-:51-24) [37] (#cite_note-:11-37) [38] (#cite_note-:12-38) [39] (#cite_note-:79-39) Although the co-stars are reported to have gotten along during The Cosby Show 's first three seasons, [29] (#cite_note-:86-29) their dispute first became public in 1987. [40] (#cite_note-40) According to Kara Kovalchik of Mental Floss (/wiki/Mental_Floss) , Bonet's alleged unprofessionalism and argumentativeness aggravated Cosby, [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) reportedly being consistently late or absent from tapings. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [41] (#cite_note-41) Bonet had first expressed interest in pursuing more dramatic roles midway through the show's first season, [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) intending to leave the series after only two years. [9] (#cite_note-:74-9) Aged 19 at the time, she decided to make her film debut as Epiphany Proudfoot in the controversial horror film (/wiki/Horror_film) Angel Heart (/wiki/Angel_Heart) (1987), [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) a role that required Bonet to film a sex scene (/wiki/Sex_scene) with actor Mickey Rourke (/wiki/Mickey_Rourke) . [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) By this time, Denise had already become the show's most popular character, [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) while Bonet's fame increased when the film was initially assigned an X rating (/wiki/X_rating) for its graphic content (/wiki/Graphic_content) . [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) [34] (#cite_note-:13-34) Although her role shocked several of The Cosby Show fans and Cosby himself, [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) Cosby claims he did not mind Bonet's decision to appear in the film, maintaining that they have a strong friendship and would have objected had he felt otherwise. [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) Bonet confirmed that she sought Cosby's advice when she was offered the role because she trusted him to see her potential beyond the sitcom. [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) Despite granting her his approval, Cosby refused to see the film. [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) The show's producers and NBC (/wiki/NBC) executives declined to comment on Bonet's decision, citing "what Bonet did off the Cosby set was her business". [34] (#cite_note-:13-34) Bonet's difficult professional relationship with her on-screen father, comedian Bill Cosby (/wiki/Bill_Cosby) , resulted in the creation of her own spin-off series, A Different World (/wiki/A_Different_World) . Tensions between Bonet and Cosby worsened when the actress posed nude for Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) and Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) magazines to promote Angel Heart . [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) [39] (#cite_note-:79-39) [42] (#cite_note-:54-42) Bonet insisted that she was not trying to harm Denise's reputation by posing nude, but rather "felt obligated to my career and my (freedom of) artistic choice". [34] (#cite_note-:13-34) After learning about the photograph's negative press, Cosby purchased a copy of Interview for himself, and released a statement defending the photographs while complimenting Bonet's talent and maturity in spite of her young age. [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) The media continued to circulate Bonet's photographs heavily, [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) which is reported to have fueled a highly publicized dispute between the actress and Cosby towards the end of the 1980s. [37] (#cite_note-:11-37) Cosby expressed concern over how the photographs would affect The Cosby Show 's younger audience and Bonet's younger cast mates. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Although producers feared the scandal would tarnish "the squeaky-clean Huxtable image", [43] (#cite_note-:87-43) Cosby decided to provide Bonet with her own television series, a spin-off (/wiki/Spin-off_(media)) of The Cosby Show called A Different World (/wiki/A_Different_World) . [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [42] (#cite_note-:54-42) The network agreed that Bonet was ready to lead her own show, a revelation by which she was surprised. [9] (#cite_note-:74-9) A Different World originally followed an entirely different premise and main character, intending to star Meg Ryan (/wiki/Meg_Ryan) as Maggie Lauten (/wiki/List_of_A_Different_World_characters#Supporting_characters) – a white student attending a historically black college. [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) Marisa Tomei (/wiki/Marisa_Tomei) replaced Ryan when the latter left the project to focus on her film career. [44] (#cite_note-:41-44) Maggie was re-written into the supporting role (/wiki/Supporting_character) of one of Denise's roommates, while the plot was revised to focus on Bonet's character as she adjusts to college and living away from home for the first time. [44] (#cite_note-:41-44) [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) The only Cosby Show cast member to receive their own spin-off, [9] (#cite_note-:74-9) the media speculated that A Different World was developed into a star vehicle (/wiki/Star_vehicle) for Bonet because she frequently protested Cosby's family-oriented (/wiki/Family-friendly) direction for The Cosby Show ; [37] (#cite_note-:11-37) [39] (#cite_note-:79-39) Emily VanDerWerff (/wiki/Emily_VanDerWerff) of The A.V. Club (/wiki/The_A.V._Club) agreed that the spin-off was revised as a means of removing Bonet from The Cosby Show "in a way that would bruise fewer egos". [45] (#cite_note-:42-45) Additionally, casting Bonet in A Different World allowed "viewers to explore the new environment through the eyes of a familiar character". [46] (#cite_note-:52-46) Bonet relocated from New York, where The Cosby Show was taped, back to her hometown of San Francisco, California to film A Different World . [9] (#cite_note-:74-9) A Different World 's pilot revolves around Denise as she struggles to pay her dormitory fees while meeting her new roommates, Jaleesa Vinson ( Dawnn Lewis (/wiki/Dawnn_Lewis) ) and Maggie, respectively. [47] (#cite_note-:39-47) In addition to a diverse group of friends, [48] (#cite_note-:68-48) Denise would also meet and be influenced by new friends and teachers "with different perspectives on life", allowing the character to "grow in profound and interesting ways". [49] (#cite_note-:66-49) The majority of the first season revolves around Denise, the show's lead character at the time, [50] (#cite_note-:78-50) struggling to maintain her grades. [48] (#cite_note-:68-48) Return to The Cosby Show [ edit ] While appearing on A Different World , Bonet married musician Lenny Kravitz (/wiki/Lenny_Kravitz) in 1988, and soon became pregnant with their child. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Fearing how Cosby would react to an on-set pregnancy, Bonet first confided in producer Debbie Allen (/wiki/Debbie_Allen) , who suggested that they approach Cosby about the pregnancy together. [51] (#cite_note-:92-51) Allen suggested that Bonet's pregnancy be written into the series, [52] (#cite_note-:DebbieAllen-52) [53] (#cite_note-:62-53) explaining that it would provide an opportunity to show an upper-class woman having a child while choosing to remain unmarried. [51] (#cite_note-:92-51) Cosby and some of the show's other producers did not want to explore teen pregnancy (/wiki/Teenage_pregnancy) via A Different World 's main character, [52] (#cite_note-:DebbieAllen-52) fearing it would send the wrong message (/wiki/Moral) . [54] (#cite_note-54) Cosby in particular was strongly opposed to the idea of a seemingly wholesome Huxtable child experiencing an unplanned pregnancy (/wiki/Unplanned_pregnancy) and becoming an unwed mother (/wiki/Unwed_mother) . [46] (#cite_note-:52-46) [53] (#cite_note-:62-53) [55] (#cite_note-:58-55) Allen was reportedly upset with Cosby over his decision but understood Denise's pregnancy would alter his vision for both series. [51] (#cite_note-:92-51) Bonet was fired from A Different World before its second season aired; Cosby reinstated her into The Cosby Show 's fifth season, while A Different World underwent several changes to adjust to her departure. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) At first, Cosby struggled with how to approach Denise's return, but ultimately decided to borrow some real-life inspiration from his own daughter Erinn, who had also dropped out of college " to find herself (/wiki/Self-discovery) ". [56] (#cite_note-:57-56) They reworked Denise's storyline to reflect children remaining loved by their parents despite disappointing them sometimes. [16] (#cite_note-:56-16) Erinn had attended Spelman College (/wiki/Spelman_College) , the historically black institution upon which Hillman is based. [57] (#cite_note-57) The episode where Denise returns home premiered on October 6, 1988. [14] (#cite_note-:63-14) Since Cosby did not want to add an infant character to the series, the show concealed Bonet's pregnancy using loose-fitting clothing, large coats, furniture, and grocery bags. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [14] (#cite_note-:63-14) To allow Bonet time to have her baby, [58] (#cite_note-:59-58) her character was written out of the series for a year by having Denise announce she has dropped out of Hillman to pursue a job opportunity as a wildlife photographer's assistant in Africa (after having briefly attempted to become a fashion designer or record producer). [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) [16] (#cite_note-:56-16) [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) Denise was demoted from main to recurring character for the remainder of the season. [24] (#cite_note-:51-24) Despite NBC producers alluding to the possibility of Bonet returning to A Different World permanently post-pregnancy, [59] (#cite_note-59) [14] (#cite_note-:63-14) Bonet would only make one final appearance on the spin-off, a cameo (/wiki/Cameo_appearance) during its third season, [60] (#cite_note-:21-60) [12] (#cite_note-:33-12) by which time the series had shifted focus to other characters. Allen created an entirely new character, Freddie Brooks ( Cree Summer (/wiki/Cree_Summer) ), to replace Bonet as the show's "earthy, bohemian" character. [48] (#cite_note-:68-48) [61] (#cite_note-61) In the wake of Bonet's departure, Tomei was also fired and her character written out, despite Allen's original intentions to retain "the dynamic of having a white girl in a black college". [12] (#cite_note-:33-12) Jasmine Guy (/wiki/Jasmine_Guy) , who played schoolmate Whitley Gilbert (/wiki/Whitley_Gilbert-Wayne) , said she threatened to quit A Different World during its first season because she felt Bonet had been mistreated by producers. [62] (#cite_note-62) Guy also claims Bonet hired additional security because she felt unsafe on-set. [63] (#cite_note-63) Although A Different World would remain a spin-off of The Cosby Show , Denise's absence severed connections between the two shows apart from the fact that Hillman is her father's alma mater (/wiki/Alma_mater) . [64] (#cite_note-64) Departure [ edit ] Following Bonet's exit, some media outlets dubbed actress Erika Alexander (/wiki/Erika_Alexander) , who was introduced as the Huxtable family's distant cousin Pam Tucker, as her "replacement". Having spent the majority of season five away on maternity leave (/wiki/Maternity_leave) , [65] (#cite_note-65) Bonet resumed her role on The Cosby Show full-time upon after giving birth to daughter Zoë Kravitz (/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Kravitz) ; Denise returns home after secretly marrying (/wiki/Elopement) Lt. Martin Kendall ( Joseph C. Phillips (/wiki/Joseph_C._Phillips) ), a Naval officer she meets in Africa, becoming stepmother to his three-year-old daughter, Olivia (Raven-Symoné). [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) [66] (#cite_note-66) Philips had guest starred in an early episode of The Cosby Show as one of Sondra's love interests before he was recast as Denise's husband. [67] (#cite_note-67) [68] (#cite_note-:3-68) The sixth season premiere "Denise: The Saga Continues", in which Denise returns home to Brooklyn unannounced and introduces her parents to her new family, [58] (#cite_note-:59-58) established the sitcom's season premieres as episodes in which a Huxtable child would share surprising news with their parents. [24] (#cite_note-:51-24) Bonet would continue to appear on the show regularly over the next several episodes until Cosby fired her altogether at the end of season seven, [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) citing "creative differences". [69] (#cite_note-69) [70] (#cite_note-70) The season's 24th episode "Cliff and Jake", which aired on April 11, 1991, [1] (#cite_note-:27-1) marks Bonet's final appearance on the show. [2] (#cite_note-:29-2) Cosby claims that he fired Bonet because The Cosby Show 's material was no longer challenging for her, blaming himself for her character lacking development and maturity. [71] (#cite_note-:60-71) However, he commended Bonet's acting talent. [71] (#cite_note-:60-71) Cosby then decided to divide Bonet's screen time among new young actors "on the show who are working hard, studying so heard and really deserve a shot during what will be our final year." [71] (#cite_note-:60-71) Introduced during the show's later seasons, Pam Tucker (/wiki/Pam_Tucker) ( Erika Alexander (/wiki/Erika_Alexander) ), a cousin of the Huxtable family, is considered to be a "replacement" for Denise; StyleBlazer believes that Pam was created because the sitcom "needed another character to play a free-spirited problem child." [72] (#cite_note-:9-72) [73] (#cite_note-:10-73) Bonet developed a reputation for being difficult to work with on The Cosby Show . [36] (#cite_note-:67-36) Although nearly every main and recurring character who played a significant role on the series returned for The Cosby Show 's finale " And So We Commence (/wiki/And_So_We_Commence) ", which revolves around Denise's younger brother Theo graduating from New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) , Bonet was not invited back to make a final appearance on the show after having been fired the previous year. [74] (#cite_note-:22-74) [75] (#cite_note-75) Her character is, however, mentioned and used sparingly throughout the episode. [74] (#cite_note-:22-74) Unseen, Denise calls her family on the telephone from Singapore to announce that she is pregnant with her and Martin's first child, [19] (#cite_note-:72-19) and everyone receives an opportunity to congratulate her except Cliff. [76] (#cite_note-:61-76) Bonet appeared on The Cosby Show on and off from 1984 to 1987, and from 1989 to 1991, [77] (#cite_note-77) for a grand total of 98 episodes between the ages of 17 and 24. [78] (#cite_note-:28-78) [38] (#cite_note-:12-38) She is credited as a main cast member from seasons one to three and six to seven, and a recurring cast member during seasons four and five. [1] (#cite_note-:27-1) According to PopCrunch, Bonet's feud with Cosby "has become just as legendary as the show" itself. [79] (#cite_note-:35-79) Bonet has famously continued to avoid attending Cosby Show -related reunions and specials in the years since the show has ended. [79] (#cite_note-:35-79) When Bonet declined to attend The Cosby Show: A Look Back , [80] (#cite_note-80) a retrospective television special hosted by NBC in 2002, she explained, "The whole experience and energy behind it felt disingenuous and motivated by corporate profit. I felt devalued and disrespected." [81] (#cite_note-:36-81) When the Cosby Show cast was honored with the Impact Award at the 2011 TV Land Awards (/wiki/TV_Land_Award) , [82] (#cite_note-82) Bonet was noticeably absent, citing "scheduling conflicts" as the official reason for her nonattendance. [79] (#cite_note-:35-79) Actor Malcolm-Jamal Warner, who portrays Bonet's on-screen brother Theo, said "Lisa has always danced to the beat of her own drummer, which has worked for and against her"; [79] (#cite_note-:35-79) Warner recalled being "surprised" when Bonet once attended a smaller-scale reunion that featured him and on-screen sisters Tempestt Bledsoe (Vanessa) and Keshia Knight Pulliam (Rudy) for Nickelodeon (/wiki/Nickelodeon) 's Favorite Huxtable Contest. [83] (#cite_note-83) However, he admitted he admires Bonet for following her passion. [84] (#cite_note-84) Bonet and Tomei, both of whom were fired during the first season of A Different World , have remained close friends. [44] (#cite_note-:41-44) In 2018, Bonet, who has had little to no comment about the sexual assault allegations (/wiki/Bill_Cosby_sexual_assault_allegations) made by several women against Cosby, revealed that she had always felt a "type of sinister, shadow energy cannot be concealed" during her time working with Cosby. [85] (#cite_note-85) She maintains that her memories of her experience on the show have not been influenced by the allegations, insisting, "No, it's exactly as I remember it". [86] (#cite_note-86) Characterization and fashion [ edit ] According to Eudie Pak of Biography (/wiki/Biography.com) , Denise was first introduced "as the popular girl with ever-changing hair and fashion". [87] (#cite_note-:31-87) Martin Gitlin, author of The Greatest Sitcoms of All Time , described the character as "Stunningly attractive ... independent, intelligent, and proud." [88] (#cite_note-88) Denise eventually became known as "the wild child" [50] (#cite_note-:78-50) of the Huxtable family as a result of her rebellious nature, [89] (#cite_note-:65-89) outspokenness, [90] (#cite_note-:30-90) [91] (#cite_note-91) eccentric clothing and tendency to date boys her father does not approve of. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Josh Axelrod of College Magazine (/wiki/College_Magazine) dubbed Denise "Cliff Huxtable's most frustrating child", [56] (#cite_note-:57-56) standing apart from her siblings due to her inherent flightiness and restlessness. [53] (#cite_note-:62-53) As "the most mellow Huxtable kid with a slightly boho style", [72] (#cite_note-:9-72) the character also dresses in a manner that is distinguished from the moderate way in which her siblings dress. [92] (#cite_note-:24-92) Denise's style has been described as bohemian (/wiki/Bohemian_style) and boho-chic (/wiki/Boho-chic) . [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) [93] (#cite_note-:19-93) [94] (#cite_note-94) Developing a reputation as "a stylish dresser", [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) the character frequently makes bold fashion statements (/wiki/Fashion_statement) , particularly via her vast assortment of hats and accessories, and variety of hair styles. [95] (#cite_note-95) [96] (#cite_note-:25-96) Kamille Cooper, contributing to Vibe , described the character's wardrobe as "synonymous with 90's trends and groovy 70's-inspired prints–even more so perpetuated by her carefree persona", identifying "her ability to mix prints and patterns effortlessly to embellished adornments on fedoras and blazers". [97] (#cite_note-:89-97) Denise typically wears oversized smocks, harem pants (/wiki/Harem_pants) , jumpsuits, large blazers and head wraps with vibrant patterns, [98] (#cite_note-:14-98) as well as denim and vintage tops. [99] (#cite_note-:88-99) Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) contributor Tracey Lomrantz Lester wrote that, in addition to fitted vests, the character dons "some of the most memorable headwear I've ever seen on TV." [100] (#cite_note-:15-100) Alison Feldmann, writing for The Etsy Blog, described Denise as "fearless when it came to her appearance and could get away with seemingly anything". [101] (#cite_note-:38-101) Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) contributor Fara Prince agreed that Denise "got away with wearing the craziest outfits and changed her hairstyle constantly, all while maintaining that relaxed, cool-girl vibe." [102] (#cite_note-:43-102) Brit + Co (/wiki/Brit_%2B_Co) writer Rachel Aschenbrand-Robinson believes that the character's choice of clothing gave viewers the impression "that she actually gave no f**ks what anyone thought of her look." [99] (#cite_note-:88-99) College Fashion cited the character's interest in experimenting with geometric patterns, bright colors and a variety of textures. [27] (#cite_note-:77-27) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle_(magazine)) 's Cherise Luter believes that Denise's wardrobe "expressed [her] inner rebel." [32] (#cite_note-:16-32) Jamie Broadnax (/wiki/Jamie_Broadnax) of Black Girl Nerds (/wiki/Black_Girl_Nerds) identified Denise as a hipster (/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)) , writing that the character was "a hipster before the word hipster was even a thing" due to her unconventional clothing choices and tendency to avoid imitating others, [92] (#cite_note-:24-92) as well as her own method of doing things that she incorporates into the way she dresses. [6] (#cite_note-:71-6) Denise's sense of fashion is also reflected in her hair; the character experiments with various hairstyles throughout The Cosby Show 's run, ranging from " androgynous (/wiki/Androgyny) short hair to natural curls (/wiki/Natural_hair_movement) [and] waist-length dreads." [103] (#cite_note-:20-103) In later seasons, the character "exhibited more of a hippy-chick free spirit" closer to the way in which Bonet dresses outside of The Cosby Show . [87] (#cite_note-:31-87) Denise's sense of fashion endures during her enrollment at Hillman. [92] (#cite_note-:24-92) Andrea Linett, author of I Want to Be Her!: How Friends & Strangers Helped Shape My Style , described the character's wardrobe as "drapey and Japanese-y and so perfectly '80s", which she believes only improves once she transitions from The Cosby Show to A Different World . [104] (#cite_note-:64-104) On the spin-off, Denise often gravitates towards menswear (/wiki/Menswear) , high-waisted pants (/wiki/High_waisted_pants) , [105] (#cite_note-:50-105) and vintage clothing (/wiki/Vintage_clothing) . [48] (#cite_note-:68-48) Richard Pfefferman, author of Strategic Reinvention in Popular Culture: The Encore Impulse , described Denise as "Young, hip, trendy and colorful". [49] (#cite_note-:66-49) Pfeifferman continued to describe the character as a "fun-loving, fashion-conscious, light-hearted teenage girl" who was "perfectly poised for gradual transformation into a serious and more thoughtful adult" on A Different World . [49] (#cite_note-:66-49) Tara Ariano, author of Television Without Pity: 752 Things We Love to Hate (and Hate to Love) about TV (/wiki/Television_Without_Pity) , wrote that Denise embodies "the height of sophisticated teenager-hood" due to her "inexhaustible supply" of jewelry, blouses and leggings. [106] (#cite_note-:53-106) According to Bonet, her character showed audiences "that it's okay to be a freak". [107] (#cite_note-:76-107) However, Racked (/wiki/Vox_Media) 's Nadra Nittle argued that Denise remains rather "straight-laced" despite her artsy, unconventional wardrobe consisting of high-waisted trousers and tropical shirts. [108] (#cite_note-:81-108) Denise has been identified as a "drifter". [79] (#cite_note-:35-79) Author Mark Whitaker wrote in his book Cosby: His Life and Times that the character resembles a " laconic (/wiki/Laconic_phrase) mixture of sweetness and sarcasm that captured the ironic detachment that was becoming a hallmark of Generation X (/wiki/Generation_X) ." [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) Each Huxtable child "represents a different aspect on life." [109] (#cite_note-:40-109) As a rebel who has been described as the Huxtable's "most troublesome child", [89] (#cite_note-:65-89) [18] (#cite_note-:69-18) Denise was often depicted as the opposite of Sondra, struggling to perform well academically unlike her older sister; [109] (#cite_note-:40-109) Denise receives five Ds, one C and seven incompletes during her time at Hillman. [18] (#cite_note-:69-18) While Sondra successfully graduates from Princeton University, Denise drops out of Hillman, travels to Africa and marries a Navy lieutenant instead, representing "that children don't always grow up how parents expect", according to the Ames Tribune (/wiki/Ames_Tribune) . [109] (#cite_note-:40-109) The Odyssey Online (/wiki/Odyssey_(publication)) 's Tawana Charles observed that "Denise did what she had to do to get by, even when she had to call her parents to get out of a jam. She realized that there are things that you have to do for yourself, without your parents' help, and she did just that." [55] (#cite_note-:58-55) Clover Hope (/wiki/Clover_Hope) of Jezebel (/wiki/Jezebel_(website)) agreed that the character "is determined to be independent—with no discipline or follow-through—and doesn't want her parents, Cliff and Clair Huxtable, to pay her way through college." [48] (#cite_note-:68-48) Denise also stands apart from her college friends by being a "quirky, naive, indecisive flower child (/wiki/Flower_child) ." [48] (#cite_note-:68-48) Mike Vago of The A.V. Club observed that the Huxtable home begins to suffer from "Full Nest Syndrome" once Denise returns home from Africa, married and with a step child. [110] (#cite_note-110) Writing for the same publication, Joshua Alston believes that Bonet's real-life " earth-mother (/wiki/Mother_goddess) persona was integrated into the character, and became a riff on what rich-kid rebellion might look like for a wealthy black family." [24] (#cite_note-:51-24) Denise has been nicknamed the Huxtable's " prodigal daughter (/wiki/Spendthrift) " by the media. [76] (#cite_note-:61-76) [53] (#cite_note-:62-53) Reception [ edit ] The Cosby Show [ edit ] Denise was quickly established as an audience favorite during the show's earliest seasons, [90] (#cite_note-:30-90) which Mental Floss writer Kara Kovalchik attributed to her "typical teenage carefree attitude and her cutting-edge fashion sense". [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) Denise ultimately became the show's most popular character, [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) [81] (#cite_note-:36-81) [43] (#cite_note-:87-43) with her unique fashion sense becoming a trademark (/wiki/Trademark) of the series. [7] (#cite_note-:2-7) Essence (/wiki/Essence_(magazine)) and Abby White of the Nashville Scene (/wiki/Nashville_Scene) agreed that the character's clothes immediately captured fans. [111] (#cite_note-:18-111) [112] (#cite_note-:90-112) White also joked that being one of Denise's three less popular sisters "must have really sucked". [112] (#cite_note-:90-112) Beloved by fans until her departure, [113] (#cite_note-113) Bonet became a "media darling", [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) by whom she was nicknamed "America's Sweetheart". [114] (#cite_note-114) [115] (#cite_note-115) [116] (#cite_note-116) Idolized by teenage boys, [10] (#cite_note-:1-10) [42] (#cite_note-:54-42) she received the most fan mail (/wiki/Fan_mail) out of the show's cast. [5] (#cite_note-:0-5) Adored by millions of fans, [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) Bonet's popularity grew almost overnight, soon establishing her as the show's breakout star (/wiki/Breakout_character) and a household name. [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) [117] (#cite_note-:47-117) Fans swarmed the actress in public, often approaching her for fashion advice. [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) Karen Heller of The Philadelphia Inquirer (/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer) dubbed Bonet their " sartorial (/wiki/Tailor) role model". [33] (#cite_note-:17-33) Girls were drawn towards her bohemian sense of fashion, while boys found her to be very attractive. [22] (#cite_note-:5-22) [42] (#cite_note-:54-42) [118] (#cite_note-118) According to Hollywood.com (/wiki/Hollywood.com) , Bonet "struck a chord" among The Cosby Show fans with "her ethereal beauty and quiet strength". [90] (#cite_note-:30-90) Vibe 's Greg Tate (/wiki/Greg_Tate) believes Bonet's performance "won the heart of just about every young black woman who didn't fit the mold of debutante (/wiki/Debutante) , fly girl or hoochie mama". [107] (#cite_note-:76-107) Hillary Crosley Coker of Jezebel (/wiki/Jezebel_(website)) described Bonet as "the coolest of The Cosby Show cast", [37] (#cite_note-:11-37) while Refinery29 (/wiki/Refinery29) 's Kara Kia believes Bonet and Denise were equally "admired for [their] rebellious, elusive approach to celebrity". [119] (#cite_note-:91-119) In "An Ode To Lisa Bonet As Denise Huxtable", Uproxx (/wiki/Uproxx) contributor Greg Whitt praised the actress: "I loved how you were never willing to mute your personality in a house full of squares. Your hair was short and untamed. Your outfits never matched but always worked ... You were sexy before I knew what sexy was. Vanessa was too annoying, and Rudy was too young, but, Denise ahem Lisa, you were the one". [120] (#cite_note-120) Julee Wilson of HuffPost (/wiki/HuffPost) described the character as "head-strong yet lovable". [121] (#cite_note-:32-121) Rebekah Williams, writing for Her Campus (/wiki/Her_Campus) , called Denise "charming". [122] (#cite_note-:75-122) In a retrospective review of the series, Funny or Die (/wiki/Funny_or_Die) dubbed Denise "your Tumblr (/wiki/Tumblr) crush", writing, "Girls wanted to be her. Boys wanted to be with her. Boys also probably wanted to be her". [123] (#cite_note-123) Writing for The Atlantic (/wiki/The_Atlantic) , Joe Reid ranked Denise the best Huxtable child, praising Bonet's performance and describing Denise as "equal parts cool and disaster, without ever selling out either part". [124] (#cite_note-:26-124) Writing for the same publication, Kevin O'Keefe ranked Denise fifth because he struggled to "understand her motivations", finding her relationship with straight man (/wiki/Straight_man) Martin unconvincing due to her free-spirited nature. [124] (#cite_note-:26-124) However, O'Keefe admitted that he enjoyed her role in the episode "A Shirt Story". [124] (#cite_note-:26-124) The episode is often positively reviewed as one of the character's best, [125] (#cite_note-125) while writer Aisha Harris (/wiki/Aisha_Harris) declared it the show's best episode. [126] (#cite_note-126) Bonet's performance throughout the series received critical acclaim. [127] (#cite_note-127) [128] (#cite_note-128) [129] (#cite_note-129) Bonet was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award) for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actress_in_a_Comedy_Series) at the 38th Primetime Emmy Awards (/wiki/38th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards) in 1986. [130] (#cite_note-130) [131] (#cite_note-131) Bonet's controversial role in Angel Heart was met with strong backlash from devoted Cosby Show fans, some of whom felt that she had betrayed Denise's "wholesome" image. [28] (#cite_note-:7-28) Some media headlines, such as USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) 's "X has Cosby kid's film on spot", gave readers the impression that "all 77 million weekly watchers are outraged by the behavior of their little Denise", according to Trustman Senger of The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) The fact that Bonet, a Cosby Show cast member, had been cast in a sex scene with co-star Mickey Rorke garnered far more media coverage (/wiki/Media_coverage) than whether or not the film deserved the X rating it had been assigned. [34] (#cite_note-:13-34) Maintaining that he had never seen an episode of The Cosby Show prior to casting Bonet, [34] (#cite_note-:13-34) Angel Heart director Alan Parker (/wiki/Alan_Parker) admitted he was unprepared for the public's reaction, elaborating, "I was naive not to realize ... what she represented within that show was maybe a role model for young black American kids." [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) When the film was released, an overwhelming number of The Cosby Show fans asked Bonet to reveal what Cosby thought of her performance. [23] (#cite_note-:8-23) Cosby eventually said that he was not particularly fond of Bonet's role in the film, which he dismissed as "a movie made by white America (/wiki/White_Americans) that cast a black girl, gave her voodoo things to do and have sex". [37] (#cite_note-:11-37) Envisioning Black Feminist Voodoo Aesthetics: African Spirituality in American Cinema author Kameelah L. Martin believes that Cosby's avoidance of the film only augmented the controversy surrounding Bonet's role. [117] (#cite_note-:47-117) Victor Valle (/wiki/Victor_Valle) of the Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) wondered if the sex scene would harm Bonet's "wholesome TV image" on both The Cosby Show and the then-upcoming A Different World . [34] (#cite_note-:13-34) Maintaining that she had been unaware of Denise's wholesome reputation prior to appearing in Angel Heart , [35] (#cite_note-:44-35) Bonet insisted "My obligation wasn't to Denise. I felt obligated to myself and my career." [132] (#cite_note-132) A Different World [ edit ] Bonet was one of the decade's most popular actresses, [12] (#cite_note-:33-12) [119] (#cite_note-:91-119) and A Different World initially attempted to capitalize on her fame by highlighting Denise. [21] (#cite_note-:46-21) [133] (#cite_note-133) Although the spin-off received high ratings due to airing immediately after its parent program, critics were largely unimpressed with its first season, often blaming Denise's personality and Bonet's performance for the show's poor reviews. [17] (#cite_note-:34-17) [108] (#cite_note-:81-108) [134] (#cite_note-:49-134) [135] (#cite_note-:45-135) Journalist Mark Harris (/wiki/Mark_Harris_(journalist)) said "Bonet proved hollow as the center of a sitcom". [135] (#cite_note-:45-135) Television critic Jeff Jarvis (/wiki/Jeff_Jarvis) accused NBC of diluting The Cosby Show by removing Bonet, "only so she could star in a watery, bland series of her own". [136] (#cite_note-:48-136) Jarvis continued, "I only hope NBC has the sense to forgive Bonet and welcome her home, where she's always been terrific, on Cosby ". [136] (#cite_note-:48-136) The Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) 's Clifford Terry felt Bonet was not a compelling enough to carry a series. [47] (#cite_note-:39-47) Emily VanDerWerff (/wiki/Emily_St._James) , writing for The A.V. Club , agreed that the actress "wasn't yet ready to carry a show", blaming her "sleepy demeanor and subdued line readings" for encouraging audiences to gravitate towards more interesting supporting characters. [45] (#cite_note-:42-45) Emily Nussbaum (/wiki/Emily_Nussbaum) , television critic for The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) , reviewed Denise as "so diffident she seemed barely there". [137] (#cite_note-137) However, Tawana Charles of The Odyssey Online and Jeneé Osterheldt of The (/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Star) Kansas City Star appreciated A Different World for not depicting Denise as star pupil. [55] (#cite_note-:58-55) [138] (#cite_note-138) Writer and executive producer Susan Fales (/wiki/Susan_Fales-Hill) defended Bonet's acting: "the character was far more at fault [than Bonet]. Denise was not very interesting, and we were asked to make her into Mary Tyler Moore (/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore) or Tinkerbell (/wiki/Tinker_Bell) , always bringing everyone together. We couldn't." [135] (#cite_note-:45-135) Critics and audiences found that the character was constantly being upstaged by Whitley Gilbert (/wiki/Whitley_Gilbert) ( Jasmine Guy (/wiki/Jasmine_Guy) ). [39] (#cite_note-:79-39) After Bonet's departure, Whitley replaced Denise as A Different World 's main character, and the series underwent major revisions to focus on her and other supporting characters. [12] (#cite_note-:33-12) Although the producers expected viewers to miss Denise, [14] (#cite_note-:63-14) critics generally conceded that Whitley, in whom audiences had always shown more interest, [14] (#cite_note-:63-14) offered better television than Denise. [12] (#cite_note-:33-12) Linda Hobbs of Vibe wrote that A Different World 's "success only grew after Bonet left". [139] (#cite_note-139) However, some fans lamented Denise's departure. [60] (#cite_note-:21-60) AfterEllen contributor Dana Piccoli found it difficult to continue watching A Different World 's subsequent seasons without Bonet. [140] (#cite_note-140) Recognizing Denise's characterization on A Different World among 752 Things We Love to Hate (and Hate to Love) about TV , author Tara Ariano wrote that young female fans were generally unbothered by Bonet's tendency to "deliver her lines either in a monotone or screechy whine" while "looking at Denise with the eyes of love". [106] (#cite_note-:53-106) Erin Faith Wilson of AfterEllen called A Different World one of her favorite shows because of her admiration for Denise, praising her clothes, intelligence, and perception that "she didn't put up with shit from anyone ... At the time, she seemed to scream feminism and I couldn't get enough". [141] (#cite_note-:55-141) Bustle 's Rikki Byrd wrote, "Although it was sad to see her go, the little bit of time she was on offered up enough style inspiration to last a decade". [105] (#cite_note-:50-105) Although most viewers dismissed the show as an unsuccessful spin-off of The Cosby Show in the immediate wake of Bonet's departure, [49] (#cite_note-:66-49) A Different World proved successful and would go on to air for five more seasons without Bonet. [142] (#cite_note-142) In a retrospective review of Denise's role on A Different World , Jezebel 's Clover Hope wrote "there's nothing that fascinating about Denise", who she described as "an atrocious student". [48] (#cite_note-:68-48) However, Hope admitted that the character is popular due to her wardrobe and audiences being able to relate to "her frazzled state of mind". [48] (#cite_note-:68-48) Some of My Best Friends Are Black: The Strange Story of Integration in America author Tanner Colby reported that applications to historically black colleges and universities in America increased by 14% one year after Denise started attending Hillman, while mostly white colleges experienced their first noticeable decrease in African American enrollment since the civil rights era. [143] (#cite_note-143) Impact and legacy [ edit ] Denise remains the acting role for which Bonet is best-known. [42] (#cite_note-:54-42) In his biography of the actress, Michael Hastings of AllMovie (/wiki/AllMovie) said that after "assert[ing] herself as one of the most memorable kids in the Huxtable clan", Bonet has "enjoy[ed] a longevity that few former child stars can claim". [144] (#cite_note-:70-144) According to Refinery29 's Kara Kia, she is just as admired for her own rebelliousness, elusiveness, and sense of style as Denise is. [119] (#cite_note-:91-119) Bob McCann, author of Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television , believes an entire generation of African-American teenagers grew up infatuated (/wiki/Parasocial_interaction) with Denise. [42] (#cite_note-:54-42) The Root 's Erin E. Evans summarized Denise as "the eccentric daughter whom every young Cosby fan either wanted to be like or be with". [145] (#cite_note-145) Denise's personal style was largely embraced by the public, [97] (#cite_note-:89-97) and she is widely considered to be a style icon (/wiki/Fashion_icon) . [101] (#cite_note-:38-101) [119] (#cite_note-:91-119) [122] (#cite_note-:75-122) [146] (#cite_note-:85-146) [147] (#cite_note-147) [148] (#cite_note-148) The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) 's Danielle Henderson (/wiki/Danielle_Henderson_(writer)) credits the character with introducing television audiences to boho-chic (/wiki/Boho-chic) 30 years before it became a mainstream fashion trend. [149] (#cite_note-149) Evans agreed that Denise was a trendsetter, [150] (#cite_note-150) and Kia named Denise's bohemian aesthetic one of the decade's defining looks. [119] (#cite_note-:91-119) Vibe 's Kamille Cooper crowned the character "the epitome of the Bohemian Chic" and described her overall wardrobe as a "pop culture phenomenon", observing that women continue to emulate Denise's style decades after The Cosby Show ended. [97] (#cite_note-:89-97) Dana Oliver of HuffPost (/wiki/HuffPost) said she "can't recall many teen girls who didn't try to copy Denise Huxtable's bohemian flair". [151] (#cite_note-151) In 2014, Bustle (/wiki/Bustle_(magazine)) compared Denise's impact on fashion to Carrie Bradshaw (/wiki/Carrie_Bradshaw) from Sex and the City (/wiki/Sex_and_the_City) and the cast of Gossip Girl (/wiki/Gossip_Girl) , with author Cherise Luter calling her clothes as appropriate for the present as they were for the 1980s. [32] (#cite_note-:16-32) Agreeing that Denise is a precursor to Carrie Bradshaw and Cookie Lyon (/wiki/Cookie_Lyon) from Empire (/wiki/Empire_(2015_TV_series)) , Julee Wilson of HuffPost named her "one of our first TV style crushes", crediting the character with teaching fans how to layer and accessorize. [121] (#cite_note-:32-121) Brit + Co dubbed Denise "the eclectic style queen of college". [99] (#cite_note-:88-99) In her book I Want to Be Her!: How Friends & Strangers Helped Shape My Style , author Andrea Linett described Denise as "The first television character who really had style" and her main reason to watch The Cosby Show . [104] (#cite_note-:64-104) Several publications have ranked Denise among the best-dressed characters on television, [152] (#cite_note-152) [153] (#cite_note-153) including Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) , [154] (#cite_note-154) Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , [100] (#cite_note-:15-100) Essence , [111] (#cite_note-:18-111) StyleCaster (/wiki/StyleCaster) , [98] (#cite_note-:14-98) Vibe (/wiki/Vibe_(magazine)) , [155] (#cite_note-155) and Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) . [156] (#cite_note-156) [157] (#cite_note-157) In 2017, the same magazine declared her one of the 50 most stylish fictional characters of all-time. [158] (#cite_note-158) HuffPost (/wiki/HuffPost) described Denise as the sixth most fashionable teenager across film and television, writing that "Everyone in the world still wants to be Denise". [159] (#cite_note-159) BuzzFeed (/wiki/BuzzFeed) ranked Denise the most fashionable television character of the 1990s, describing her as "undisputed style icon of the '80s and '90s". [160] (#cite_note-160) Sophia Elias of HelloGiggles (/wiki/HelloGiggles) said she "may very well go down as one of the most stylish characters in television history". [93] (#cite_note-:19-93) Entertainment Weekly said Denise had third most iconic television hairstyle, [161] (#cite_note-161) and Marie Claire included Denise at number six on their "15 Female TV Characters That Have Incredible Hair" ranking. [103] (#cite_note-:20-103) HelloGiggles featured her among "The Best Beauty Looks From Your Fave '90s Characters", with author Farah Prince dubbing her the "one person from the '90s I wanted to emulate the most" while complimenting praising her sparse use of makeup. [102] (#cite_note-:43-102) Refinery29 crowned Denise one of their "favorite '80s fashion heroes", calling her a constant source of "inspiration (and hair spiration)". [162] (#cite_note-162) Glamour ranked Bonet among the best style icons of the decade, describing her as "he most beautiful and wholesome girl on TV" at the time. [163] (#cite_note-163) Sherri Williams of The Washington Post described both Denise and Bonet as it-girls (/wiki/It_girl) "of the 1980s whose unique style and independence endeared audiences", [164] (#cite_note-:80-164) and AfterEllen (/wiki/AfterEllen) 's Erin Faith Wilson called the character one of her favorite television crushes from the time period. [141] (#cite_note-:55-141) According to Nick Slay of The Source (/wiki/The_Source) , Denise established herself as a " pop culture icon (/wiki/Pop_icon) ". [165] (#cite_note-165) Refinery29 and HelloGiggles ranked Denise highly on listicles (/wiki/Listicle) about desirable television siblings. [166] (#cite_note-166) [167] (#cite_note-167) According to The Washington Post , Denise provided the original blueprint for "How TV handles beloved characters going off to college", [168] (#cite_note-:83-168) which Uproxx's Alan Sepinwall described as "Tak[ing] the most popular/exciting/funny character supporting character "and trust that they can carry a new show on their own". [169] (#cite_note-:84-169) College Magazine (/wiki/College_Magazine) ranked Denise the fifth best fictional college student. [56] (#cite_note-:57-56) Denise's "replacement" Pam was not particularly well-received by fans after she was written out of the series. [72] (#cite_note-:9-72) [73] (#cite_note-:10-73) [124] (#cite_note-:26-124) In 2012, clothing company Urban Outfitters (/wiki/Urban_Outfitters) created a clothing line inspired by Denise entitled "A Different World", describing it as "a nod to the coolest older sister ever". [170] (#cite_note-170) Business Insider (/wiki/Business_Insider) criticized the organization for hiring a white model to promote the clothing line, arguing "that most Urban customers wouldn't even know who Denise is." [171] (#cite_note-171) Denise has served as a blueprint for and inspired a generation of young, middle-class female television characters attending college. [39] (#cite_note-:79-39) According to Soraya Nadia McDonald (/wiki/Soraya_Nadia_McDonald) of The Undefeated (/wiki/The_Undefeated_(website)) , "Girls modeled on Denise are smart, but their intellect isn't necessarily reflected in their grades. They're sheltered, and they move through college under ideal, manageable circumstances. And they're presented as typical, pleasant girls who should be completely relatable for white America". [39] (#cite_note-:79-39) In 2018, a spin-off of the sitcom Black-ish (/wiki/Black-ish) premiered. Entitled Grown-ish (/wiki/Grown-ish) , the spin-off revolves around one of the show's characters Zoey ( Yara Shahidi (/wiki/Yara_Shahidi) ) leaving home and attending college; the spin-off's college-related storyline and main character have drawn extensive comparisons to Denise, [172] (#cite_note-:82-172) [164] (#cite_note-:80-164) [169] (#cite_note-:84-169) [173] (#cite_note-173) [174] (#cite_note-174) with both series initially "focus[ing] on the college experience of the oldest daughter in a middle-class black family." [168] (#cite_note-:83-168) A. Bottinick of TV Insider (/wiki/TV_Insider) identified both characters' pursuit of higher education and African American heritage among their similarities, dubbing them both "the teen style icons of their time and—quite surprisingly, considering their shows take place years apart—have donned quite a few of the same looks." [146] (#cite_note-:85-146) The York Dispatch (/wiki/The_York_Dispatch) 's Rick Bentley anticipated that Zoey would be successful because she is imbued with "the same kind of sweetness that was written into Bonet's character so many years ago." [175] (#cite_note-175) The Glow Up (/wiki/The_Root_(magazine)) contributor S. D. Chrismon believes it is unfair to compare Zoey to her predecessor "any more than Black-ish really compares to The Cosby Show ", despite both characters' similarities that include fashion and wit. [176] (#cite_note-176) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "The Cosby Show Season 7 Episode 24 – Cliff and Jake – Cast & Crew" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170729003500/http://www.tv.com/shows/the-cosby-show/cliff-and-jake-12914/cast/) . TV.com (/wiki/TV.com) . Archived from the original (http://www.tv.com/shows/the-cosby-show/cliff-and-jake-12914/cast/) on July 29, 2017 . Retrieved July 28, 2017 . ^ a b Erickson, Hal. "The Cosby Show: Cliff and Jake (1991)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190406213342/http://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-cosby-show-cliff-and-jake-v394441) . AllMovie (/wiki/AllMovie) . Archived from the original (http://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-cosby-show-cliff-and-jake-v394441) on April 6, 2019 . Retrieved July 28, 2017 . ... this episode marks the final appearance of Lisa Bonet as Denise Huxtable Kendall. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Dalton, Mary M.; Linder, Laura R. (2005). The Sitcom Reader: America Viewed and Skewed . United States: SUNY Press (/wiki/SUNY_Press) . p. 131. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780791465707 . Archived from the original (https://books.google.com/books?id=ez9_tKpjXFgC&q=the+cosby+show+denise+huxtable) on April 7, 2022 – via Google Books. ^ (#cite_ref-:73_4-0) Walcott, Wes (September 29, 2015). "10 TV Characters That Were Killed Off Because Of Uncooperative Actors" (http://www.goliath.com/tv/10-tv-characters-that-were-killed-off-because-of-uncooperative-actors/3/) . Goliath . Retrieved August 14, 2017 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Kovalchik, Kara (May 8, 2014). "20 Fun Facts About The Cosby Show" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230604164842/http://mentalfloss.com/article/56559/20-things-you-might-not-know-about-cosby-show) . Mental Floss (/wiki/Mental_Floss) . In the pilot episode, Denise is identified as the eldest of only four siblings at the time; elder sister Sondra was written into the series later during season one, making Denise the second-eldest for the remainder of the series. Archived from the original (http://mentalfloss.com/article/56559/20-things-you-might-not-know-about-cosby-show) on June 4, 2023 . Retrieved July 27, 2017 . ^ a b c d "The Cosby Show: Season 1 – Details & Credits" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171016040445/http://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-cosby-show/details) . Metacritic (/wiki/Metacritic) . Archived from the original (https://www.metacritic.com/tv/the-cosby-show/details) on October 16, 2017 . 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"Bonet's in 'A Different World' (http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1987_482541/bonet-s-in-a-different-world.html) " (http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1987_482541/bonet-s-in-a-different-world.html) . Houston Chronicle (/wiki/Houston_Chronicle) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121020071005/http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1987_482541/bonet-s-in-a-different-world.html) from the original on October 20, 2012 . Retrieved August 16, 2017 . ^ a b c d e f g Kovalchik, Kara (April 9, 2008). "5 Mysteries Surrounding The Cosby Show" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220523212233/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/18406/5-mysteries-surrounding-cosby-show) . Mental Floss (/wiki/Mental_Floss) . Archived from the original (http://mentalfloss.com/article/18406/5-mysteries-surrounding-cosby-show) on May 23, 2022 . Retrieved July 27, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) McGuire, Sr. Dr. Jesse R. (2010). Raising Doctors on a Patient's Salary . 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"Different Touch to 'Different World' (https://web.archive.org/web/20160307041325/http://articles.latimes.com/1988-10-06/entertainment/ca-4490_1_cosby-show) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20160307041325/http://articles.latimes.com/1988-10-06/entertainment/ca-4490_1_cosby-show) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (http://articles.latimes.com/1988-10-06/entertainment/ca-4490_1_cosby-show) on March 7, 2016 . Retrieved August 6, 2017 . ... viewers were more enthusiastic about the character of self-styled Southern belle Whitley Gilbert (Jasmine Guy) than they ever were about Bonet ... ^ (#cite_ref-15) Kimble, Julian (February 11, 2013). "The 25 Best Black Sitcoms of All Time" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303114752/http://ca.complex.com/pop-culture/2013/02/best-black-sitcoms/) . Complex . Archived from the original (http://ca.complex.com/pop-culture/2013/02/best-black-sitcoms/cosby-show) on March 3, 2016 . 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ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780786486410 – via Google Books. ^ a b Schwarzbaum, Lisa (May 1, 1992). " (http://ew.com/article/1992/05/01/cosby-show-comes-end/) The Cosby Show comes to an end" (http://ew.com/article/1992/05/01/cosby-show-comes-end/) . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved July 28, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-:4_20-0) Ferguson, Kate (June 3, 2016). "17 Things You Never Knew About 'The Cosby Show' (http://www.famefocus.com/tv/17-things-never-knew-cosby-show/) " (http://www.famefocus.com/tv/17-things-never-knew-cosby-show/) . Fame Focus . pp. 1–17 . Retrieved July 27, 2017 . ^ a b c Carter, Brooke (January 17, 2017). "What Happened to Lisa Bonet – News & Updates" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230609144919/http://gazettereview.com/2017/01/happened-lisa-bonet-news-updates/) . The Gazette Review . Archived from the original (http://gazettereview.com/2017/01/happened-lisa-bonet-news-updates/) on June 9, 2023 . 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1923 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1923) 1924 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1924) 1925 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1925) 1926 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1926) 1927 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1927) 1928 1929 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1929) 1930 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1930) 1931 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1931) 1932 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1932) 1933 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1933) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐bbb5c5448‐6c7xt Cached time: 20240718083156 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.088 seconds Real time usage: 0.115 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.065/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933335/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 108.105 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 108.105 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54330088-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718083156 and revision id 974957230. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1928" The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Associated Apparel Industries, Inc. (/wiki/Associated_Apparel_Industries,_Inc.) B Bacup Shoe Company (/wiki/Bacup_Shoe_Company) Baltika Group (/wiki/Baltika_Group) C Cole Haan (/wiki/Cole_Haan) L La Sportiva (/wiki/La_Sportiva) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1928&oldid=974957230 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1928&oldid=974957230) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1920s fashion (/wiki/Category:1920s_fashion) Design companies established in 1928 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1928) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Manufacturing companies established in 1928 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1928) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
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American interior designer and fashion icon (1921–2024) Iris Apfel Apfel in 2015 Born Iris Barrel ( 1921-08-29 ) August 29, 1921 Queens, New York (/wiki/Queens,_New_York) , U.S. Died March 1, 2024 (2024-03-01) (aged 102) Palm Beach, Florida (/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida) , U.S. Resting place Beth David Cemetery (/wiki/Beth_David_Cemetery) , Elmont (/wiki/Elmont,_New_York) , New York Alma mater New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) University of Wisconsin (/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin-Madison) Occupations Businesswoman interior designer fashion designer model Years active 1950–2024 Spouse Carl Apfel ( m. 1948; died 2015 ) Iris Apfel ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ æ p f ɛ l / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) AP -fəl ; [1] (#cite_note-1) née (/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names) Barrel ; August 29, 1921 – March 1, 2024) was an American businesswoman, interior designer, and fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , known for her flamboyant style, outspoken personality and oversized eyeglasses. In business with her husband, Carl, from 1950 to 1992, Apfel had a career in textiles, including a contract with the White House (/wiki/White_House) that spanned nine presidencies. In retirement, she drew acclaim for a 2005 show at the Costume Institute at The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Costume_Institute_at_The_Met) featuring her collection of costume jewelry and styled with clothes on mannequins as she would wear them. She became a fashion icon, was the focus of the 2014 Albert Maysles (/wiki/Albert_Maysles) documentary Iris , then signed to IMG (/wiki/IMG_(company)) in 2019 as a model at age 97. Early life [ edit ] Born Iris Barrel in Astoria, Queens (/wiki/Astoria,_Queens) , New York City, on August 29, 1921, [2] (#cite_note-McFadden2024-2) Apfel was the only child of Samuel Barrel (1897–1967), whose family owned a glass and mirror business, and his Russian-born wife, Sadye "Syd" Barrel ( née (/wiki/N%C3%A9e) Asofsky, 1898–1998), who owned a fashion boutique. [3] (#cite_note-telegraph1-3) Both were Jewish (/wiki/Judaism) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Although raised on a farm by her parents and grandparents, she often rode the subway (/wiki/New_York_City_subway) into the city to explore Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , where she fell in love with Greenwich Village (/wiki/Greenwich_Village) . [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) While still a child, she shopped its antique shops, starting her extraordinary collection of jewellery from around the world. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) During the Depression, her whole family could sew, drape, glue, and paint, and had a flair for design and style on the smallest of budgets. [7] (#cite_note-7) Apfel studied art history (/wiki/Art_history) at New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) and attended art school at the University of Wisconsin (/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin-Madison) . [8] (#cite_note-businessoffashion.com-8) Career [ edit ] As a young woman, Apfel worked as a copywriter for Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) , earning $15 a week, and for interior designer Elinor Johnson, [2] (#cite_note-McFadden2024-2) decorating apartments for resale and honing her talent for sourcing rare items. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) She was also an assistant to illustrator Robert Goodman. [3] (#cite_note-telegraph1-3) [9] (#cite_note-9) On February 22, 1948, she married Carl Apfel. Two years later, in 1950, they launched the textile (/wiki/Textile) firm Old World Weavers and ran it until they retired in 1992. The Apfels specialised in the reproduction of fabrics from the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, and traveled to Europe twice a year in search of textiles they could not source in the United States. [10] (#cite_note-cnbc-10) The business's New York showroom was located at 115 East 57th Street (/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)) in Manhattan. [10] (#cite_note-cnbc-10) Over her career, Iris Apfel took part in a variety of design restoration projects, including work at the White House (/wiki/White_House) for nine presidents: Harry S. Truman (/wiki/Harry_S._Truman) , Dwight D. Eisenhower (/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower) , John F. Kennedy (/wiki/John_F._Kennedy) , Lyndon B. Johnson (/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson) , Richard Nixon (/wiki/Richard_Nixon) , Gerald Ford (/wiki/Gerald_Ford) , Jimmy Carter (/wiki/Jimmy_Carter) , Ronald Reagan (/wiki/Ronald_Reagan) , and Bill Clinton (/wiki/Bill_Clinton) . [10] (#cite_note-cnbc-10) She found the White House contract to be among the easiest of Old World Weavers' clients, as they generally wanted only to replicate what had previously been in place. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) The one exception, Apfel said, was Jacqueline Kennedy (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) . Apfel recalled: "She employed a very famous Parisian designer to gussy up the house and make it a real Frenchie, and the design community went bananas. After that we had to throw it all out and start again. But I did like Mrs. Nixon (/wiki/Pat_Nixon) . She was lovely." [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Through their business, the couple began travelling all over the world where Apfel also bought pieces of non-Western, artisanal clothes. She wore these clothes to clients' high-society parties. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2011, Iris Apfel became a visiting professor at the University of Texas at Austin (/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin) in its Division of Textiles and Apparel. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2016, she performed in a television commercial for the French car DS 3 (/wiki/DS_3) , [14] (#cite_note-14) and was the face of Australian brand Blue Illusion. [15] (#cite_note-15) In March 2016, Apfel announced a collaboration with technology startup WiseWear (/w/index.php?title=WiseWear&action=edit&redlink=1) [16] (#cite_note-16) on an upcoming line of smart jewelry. [17] (#cite_note-17) HarperCollins (/wiki/HarperCollins) published her biography Iris Apfel: Accidental Icon in 2018. [18] (#cite_note-:0-18) In 2019, at the age of 97, she signed a modelling contract with global agency IMG (/wiki/IMG_(company)) . [18] (#cite_note-:0-18) Seeing that she was frequently sought out for appearances, Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) encouraged her to sign with formal representation. [19] (#cite_note-19) Personal life [ edit ] The Apfels did not have children, partly because of the amount of travel their work necessitated; she did not want her children to be raised by a nanny. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Apfel and her husband Carl shared a favorite fragrance: Yatagan by Caron (/wiki/Parfums_Caron) . [20] (#cite_note-20) Married 67 years, Carl died on August 1, 2015, aged 100. [21] (#cite_note-21) Apfel celebrated her 100th birthday (/wiki/Centenarian) on August 29, 2021. [22] (#cite_note-22) Death [ edit ] Apfel died at her home in Palm Beach, Florida, on March 1, 2024, at the age of 102. [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) She was interred at Beth David Cemetery (/wiki/Beth_David_Cemetery) . [26] (#cite_note-26) Legacy [ edit ] Museum retrospectives [ edit ] On September 13, 2005, the Costume Institute (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art#Costume_Institute) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) in New York City premiered the exhibition Rara Avis [Rare Bird] : The Irreverent Iris Apfel , showcasing her style. It was the museum's first time mounting an exhibit about clothing and accessories focused on a living person who was not a designer. [18] (#cite_note-:0-18) The success of the exhibition, curated by Stéphane Houy-Towner, [27] (#cite_note-27) prompted an initial travelling version of the exhibit at the Norton Museum of Art (/wiki/Norton_Museum_of_Art) in West Palm Beach, Florida (/wiki/West_Palm_Beach,_Florida) , [28] (#cite_note-28) the Nassau County Museum of Art (/wiki/Nassau_County_Museum_of_Art) in Roslyn Harbor, New York (/wiki/Roslyn_Harbor,_New_York) , and later at the Peabody Essex Museum (/wiki/Peabody_Essex_Museum) in Salem, Massachusetts (/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts) . [29] (#cite_note-29) The Museum of Lifestyle & Fashion History (/wiki/Museum_of_Lifestyle_%26_Fashion_History) in Boynton Beach, Florida (/wiki/Boynton_Beach,_Florida) , is designing a building that will house a dedicated gallery of Apfel's clothes, accessories, and furnishings. [30] (#cite_note-30) Documentaries [ edit ] Apfel was the focus of the Albert Maysles (/wiki/Albert_and_David_Maysles) documentary Iris (/wiki/Iris_(2014_film)) , [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) which premiered at the New York Film Festival (/wiki/New_York_Film_Festival) in October 2014, and was subsequently acquired by Magnolia Pictures (/wiki/Magnolia_Pictures) for US theatrical distribution in 2015. [35] (#cite_note-35) She was interviewed in Advanced Style Film: Featurette , [36] (#cite_note-36) released in September 2014 . Apfel was also featured in the 2017 documentary If You're Not in the Obit, Eat Breakfast (/wiki/If_You%27re_Not_in_the_Obit,_Eat_Breakfast) . [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) Film [ edit ] It is believed that Iris Apfel was one of the inspirations behind the creation of the composite character (/wiki/Composite_character) Edna Mode (/wiki/Edna_Mode) who appears in the animated film The Incredibles (/wiki/The_Incredibles) and its sequel Incredibles 2 (/wiki/Incredibles_2) ; the other inspirations were costume designer Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) , editor-in-chief of Vogue magazine Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , and actress Linda Hunt (/wiki/Linda_Hunt) . [39] (#cite_note-39) Barbie doll [ edit ] In 2018, Mattel (/wiki/Mattel) created a Barbie doll (/wiki/Barbie) in Apfel's image, making her the oldest person to ever have a Barbie made in her image [40] (#cite_note-40) and the recipient of the highest honor the Barbie brand bestows. [41] (#cite_note-41) The Barbie, released in conjunction with Apfel's book, was not for sale, but Mattel also made two "Styled by Iris Apfel" Barbie dolls that were commercially available. [10] (#cite_note-cnbc-10) Awards and honors [ edit ] In 2013, she was listed as one of the fifty "Best-Dressed over 50" by The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . [42] (#cite_note-42) Apfel was awarded the Women Together Special Award of the Year at the 12th Annual Women Together Gala held at the United Nations General Assembly Hall (/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building) in New York City, on June 7, 2016. [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) In November 2016, Apfel was awarded the Women's Entrepreneurship Day (/wiki/Women%27s_Entrepreneurship_Day) Pioneer Award (/wiki/Women%27s_Entrepreneurship_Day#List_of_Pioneer_Award_Winners) for her work in the fashion field at the United Nations (/wiki/United_Nations) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [45] (#cite_note-45) Apfel was honored as The New Jewish Home (/wiki/The_New_Jewish_Home) 's Eight over Eighty Gala 2017 honoree. [46] (#cite_note-46) [47] (#cite_note-47) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) YouTube Video (https://youtube.com/v3XAEfzZl4o) [ dead link ] ^ Jump up to: a b McFadden, Robert D. (March 2, 2024). "Iris Apfel, Eye-Catcher With a Kaleidoscopic Wardrobe, Dies at 102" (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/01/fashion/iris-apfel-dead.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240302005844/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/01/fashion/iris-apfel-dead.html) from the original on March 2, 2024 . Retrieved March 2, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Hodson, Heather (March 3, 2007). "Anything goes" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3663531/Anything-goes.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181012172758/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3663531/Anything-goes.html) from the original on October 12, 2018 . Retrieved April 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Iris Apfel: a Jewish Collector of Great Style" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160510160843/http://blogs.forward.com/bintel-blog/119318/iris-apfel-a-jewish-collector-of-great-style) . The Jewish Daily Forward . November 20, 2009. Archived from the original (http://blogs.forward.com/bintel-blog/119318/iris-apfel-a-jewish-collector-of-great-style/) on May 10, 2016 . Retrieved April 27, 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Conner, Megan (July 19, 2015). "Iris Apfel: 'People like me because I'm different' (https://www.theguardian.com/global/2015/jul/19/iris-apfel-interview-designer-fashion-film) " (https://www.theguardian.com/global/2015/jul/19/iris-apfel-interview-designer-fashion-film) . The Guardian . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210401092324/https://www.theguardian.com/global/2015/jul/19/iris-apfel-interview-designer-fashion-film) from the original on April 1, 2021 . Retrieved April 18, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_6-0) Vargas, Chanel (November 1, 2017). "Iris Apfel and Her Husband Carl's Adorable Love Story" (https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/fashion-trends/a13122155/iris-apfel-carl-apfel-love-story/) . Town & Country . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210125003345/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/fashion-trends/a13122155/iris-apfel-carl-apfel-love-story/) from the original on January 25, 2021 . Retrieved April 18, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Horwell, Veronica (March 3, 2024). "Iris Apfel obituary" (https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/mar/03/iris-apfel-obituary) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved March 3, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-businessoffashion.com_8-0) "Biography" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/iris-apfel) . businessoffashion.com . The Business of Fashion. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190422160121/https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/iris-apfel) from the original on April 22, 2019 . Retrieved October 28, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Baylon, Johna (February 25, 2019). "Iris Apfel's One Tip on Decorating the Home" (https://www.homejournal.com/en/people/Iris-Apfel%E2%80%99s-One-Tip-on-Decorating-the-Home/45/) . Home Journal . Retrieved March 2, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Clifford, Catherine (March 30, 2018). "Iris Apfel: 10 life lessons from a 96-year-old who is probably cooler than you" (https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/29/10-life-lessons-from-96-year-old-iris-apfel.html) . CNBC . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061214/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/29/10-life-lessons-from-96-year-old-iris-apfel.html) from the original on February 9, 2021 . Retrieved May 1, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Hodson, Heather (March 3, 2007). "Anything goes" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3663531/Anything-goes.html) . telegraph.co.uk . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181012172758/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3663531/Anything-goes.html) from the original on October 12, 2018 . Retrieved October 2, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Freehill, Lynn (January 2, 2012). "Rare Bird of Fashion—and Academia" (https://alcalde.texasexes.org/2012/01/rare-bird-of-fashion%E2%80%94and-academia/) . The Alcalde . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170630100216/http://alcalde.texasexes.org/2012/01/rare-bird-of-fashion%e2%80%94and-academia/) from the original on June 30, 2017 . Retrieved July 12, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Staff Writer (January 5, 2012). "Rare Bird of Fashion—and Academia" (https://cns.utexas.edu/news/rare-bird-of-fashion) . utexas.edu . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010246/https://cns.utexas.edu/news/rare-bird-of-fashion) from the original on March 5, 2016 . Retrieved April 27, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Iris Apfel Does a Cool Car Commercial for the DS3 Facelift" (http://www.autoevolution.com/news/iris-apfel-does-a-cool-car-commercial-for-the-ds3-facelift-105388.html) . Autoevolution . March 9, 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160329131838/http://www.autoevolution.com/news/iris-apfel-does-a-cool-car-commercial-for-the-ds3-facelift-105388.html) from the original on March 29, 2016 . Retrieved March 28, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Jenni Ryall (February 24, 2016). "94-year-old fashion icon Iris stars in campaign for Australian fashion brand" (http://mashable.com/2016/02/24/iris-blue-illusion-campaign/#dqgepdq40gqU) . Mashable . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160420165951/http://mashable.com/2016/02/24/iris-blue-illusion-campaign/#dqgepdq40gqU) from the original on April 20, 2016 . Retrieved April 27, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Wisewear" (http://www.wisewear.com) . Wisewear. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170709152928/https://wisewear.com/) from the original on July 9, 2017 . Retrieved June 26, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "An Inside Look: WISEWEAR x IRIS Launch Party" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170831172448/http://blog.wisewear.com/articles/an-inside-look-wisewear-x-iris-launch-party/) (Press release). Blog.wisewear.com. March 31, 2016. Archived from the original (http://blog.wisewear.com/articles/an-inside-look-wisewear-x-iris-launch-party/) on August 31, 2017 . Retrieved June 26, 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Dixon, Emily (February 6, 2019). "Iris Apfel signs contract with IMG" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/iris-apfel-img-modeling-contract-scli-intl/index.html) . CNN Style. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190206210350/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/iris-apfel-img-modeling-contract-scli-intl/index.html) from the original on February 6, 2019 . Retrieved February 7, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Lockwood, Lisa (January 31, 2019). "IMG Signs on Iris Apfel: The 97-year-old tastemaker will be represented by the agency for modelling, endorsements and appearances". WWD: Women's Wear Daily – via EBSCOHost. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Life Lessons with Iris Apfel" (https://coveteur.com/2014/04/07/life-lessons-iris-apfel/) . Coveteur: Inside Closets, Fashion, Beauty, Health, and Travel . April 7, 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194107/https://coveteur.com/2014/04/07/life-lessons-iris-apfel/) from the original on May 1, 2021 . Retrieved May 1, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Carl Apfel, Husband to Style Icon Iris Apfel, Dies at 100" (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/carl-apfel-husband-style-icon-818044) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . August 26, 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150928094748/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/carl-apfel-husband-style-icon-818044) from the original on September 28, 2015 . Retrieved September 27, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Iris Apfel Celebrates Turning 100 by Sharing Her Best Lessons on Love, Life and Plastic Surgery" (https://people.com/style/iris-apfel-turns-100-shares-life-lessons/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211130112357/https://people.com/style/iris-apfel-turns-100-shares-life-lessons/) from the original on November 30, 2021 . Retrieved November 30, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Life and Death of Iris Apfel" (https://fashiongtonpost.com/iris-apfel/) . The Fashiongton Post . March 1, 2024 . Retrieved March 1, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Ulaby, Neda (March 1, 2024). "Celebrated stylemaker and self-named 'geriatric starlet' Iris Apfel dies at age 102" (https://www.npr.org/2024/03/01/1090257339/iris-apfel-dies) . NPR (/wiki/NPR) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240302021734/https://www.npr.org/2024/03/01/1090257339/iris-apfel-dies) from the original on March 2, 2024 . Retrieved March 2, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Morta a 102 anni Iris Apfel, l'icona della moda di New York - Moda - Ansa.it" (https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cultura/moda/2024/03/02/morta-a-102-anni-iris-apfel-licona-della-moda-di-new-york_9d1ece9f-1e76-476a-af52-e479602e8e13.html) . Agenzia ANSA (in Italian). March 2, 2024 . Retrieved March 8, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Legendary Style Icon and Designer Iris Apfel Dies at 102 , Leaving Behind a Colorful Legacy (https://mymodernmet.com/iris-apfel-rip/) ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Rara Avis: Selections from the Iris Barrel Apfel Collection" (http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-museum/press-room/exhibitions/2005/rara-avis-selections-from-the-iris-barrel-apfel-collection) . metmuseum.org (Press release). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100111110001/http://www.museumsusa.org/events/info/1864054) from the original on January 11, 2010 . Retrieved April 27, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Norton Museum of Art Event Info" (http://www.museumsusa.org/events/info/1864054) . museumsusa.org . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160414235843/http://www.museumsusa.org/events/info/1864054) from the original on April 14, 2016 . Retrieved April 27, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "PEM – Rare Bird of Fashion: The Irreverent Iris Apfel « Exhibits" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091016060219/http://www.pem.org/exhibitions/21-rare_bird_of_fashion_the_irreverent_iris_apfel) . Archived from the original (http://www.pem.org/exhibitions/21-rare_bird_of_fashion_the_irreverent_iris_apfel) on October 16, 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Iris Apfel for MAC" (https://www.elle.com/uk/beauty/beauty-tips/g8531/iris-apfel-for-mac/) . ELLE . December 20, 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231023040849/https://www.elle.com/uk/beauty/beauty-tips/g8531/iris-apfel-for-mac/) from the original on October 23, 2023 . Retrieved March 2, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Iris Apfel is the Goddess of style" (https://www.thestar.com/life/fashion_style/2016/11/11/iris-apfel-goddess-of-style.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161113041248/https://www.thestar.com/life/fashion_style/2016/11/11/iris-apfel-goddess-of-style.html) November 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Toronto Star , November 11, 2016, Leanne Delap. ^ (#cite_ref-32) Warburton, Sophie (August 26, 2011). "Victoria's Secret News" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8725284/Iris-Apfel-to-be-the-star-of-Albert-Maysles-documentary.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150109091958/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8725284/Iris-Apfel-to-be-the-star-of-Albert-Maysles-documentary.html) from the original on January 9, 2015 . Retrieved September 30, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "First look: Iris Apfel film" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131002195458/http://www.elleuk.com/star-style/news/first-look-iris-apfel-film) . elleuk.com . Archived from the original (http://www.elleuk.com/star-style/news/first-look-iris-apfel-film) on October 2, 2013 . Retrieved April 27, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Un documentaire sur Iris Apfel" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150111005855/http://www.vogue.fr/mode/news-mode/articles/un-documentaire-sur-iris-apfel/9071) . Vogue (in French). Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.fr/mode/news-mode/articles/un-documentaire-sur-iris-apfel/9071) on January 11, 2015 . Retrieved April 27, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Magnolia Pictures Acquires 'Iris,' Albert Maysles' NYFF Documentary" (http://www.indiewire.com/article/magnolia-pictures-acquires-iris-albert-maysles-nyff-documentary-20141024) . October 24, 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150109104613/http://www.indiewire.com/article/magnolia-pictures-acquires-iris-albert-maysles-nyff-documentary-20141024) from the original on January 9, 2015 . Retrieved January 9, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Advanced Style Film: Featurette ^ (#cite_ref-37) " (http://www.tvweek.com/in-depth/2017/04/if-youre-not-in-the-obit-eat-breakfast-a-celebration-of-vitality-after-age-90-hosted-by-carl-reiner-debuts-june-5-exclusively-on-hbo/) 'If You're Not in the Obit, Eat Breakfast,' a Celebration of Vitality After Age 90 Hosted by Carl Reiner, Debuts June 5, Exclusively on HBO" (http://www.tvweek.com/in-depth/2017/04/if-youre-not-in-the-obit-eat-breakfast-a-celebration-of-vitality-after-age-90-hosted-by-carl-reiner-debuts-june-5-exclusively-on-hbo/) . TVWeek. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170512004134/http://www.tvweek.com/in-depth/2017/04/if-youre-not-in-the-obit-eat-breakfast-a-celebration-of-vitality-after-age-90-hosted-by-carl-reiner-debuts-june-5-exclusively-on-hbo/) from the original on May 12, 2017 . Retrieved June 26, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) 39 forlife (April 10, 2017). "Experts share advice on aging gracefully in new HBO documentary" (https://www.39forlife.com/8493-2/) . 39 for Life. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190428120635/https://www.39forlife.com/8493-2/) from the original on April 28, 2019 . Retrieved June 26, 2017 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-39) BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) television channel; 03/03/2024 ^ (#cite_ref-40) Gonzales, Erica (March 28, 2018). "Iris Apfel Just Became the Oldest Person to Have a Barbie Made After Her" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a19624313/iris-apfel-barbie/) . Harper's BAZAAR . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180050/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a19624313/iris-apfel-barbie/) from the original on February 9, 2019 . Retrieved February 7, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) Gonzales, Erica (March 28, 2018). "Iris Apfel Just Became the Oldest Person to Have a Barbie Made After Her" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a19624313/iris-apfel-barbie/) . Harper's BAZAAR . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233426/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a19624313/iris-apfel-barbie/) from the original on September 20, 2020 . Retrieved March 3, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) Cartner-Morley, Jess; Mirren, Helen; Huffington, Arianna; Amos, Valerie (March 28, 2013). "The 50 Best-dressed over 50s" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180623221843/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s) from the original on June 23, 2018 . Retrieved December 11, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Iris Apfel Is 96. Now The Fashion Icon Is A Barbie Doll" (https://forward.com/fast-forward/396716/fashion-guru-iris-apfel-96-immortalized-as-barbie-doll/) . The Forward . March 16, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240302062638/https://forward.com/fast-forward/396716/fashion-guru-iris-apfel-96-immortalized-as-barbie-doll/) from the original on March 2, 2024 . Retrieved March 2, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Rappaport, Errol. "The 12th Annual Women Together Gala" (https://blacktiemagazine.com/society_june_2016/12th_Annual_Women_Together_Gala.htm) . Black Tie . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231206112137/https://blacktiemagazine.com/society_june_2016/12th_Annual_Women_Together_Gala.htm) from the original on December 6, 2023 . Retrieved March 2, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) Wendy Diamond. "Women's Entrepreneurship Day Organization Pioneer Awards 2016 Winners" (http://www.womenseday.org/community/wed-annual-pioneer-awards/) . WED. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180705180308/http://www.womenseday.org/community/wed-annual-pioneer-awards/) from the original on July 5, 2018 . Retrieved July 5, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Eight Over Eighty – Iris Apfel" (https://jewishhome.org/honorees/iris-apfel/) . The New Jewish Home. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220119084410/https://jewishhome.org/honorees/iris-apfel/) from the original on January 19, 2022 . Retrieved September 13, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Eight Over Eighty – Past Honorees" (https://jewishhome.org/about-us/events/eight-over-eighty-past-honorees/) . The New Jewish Home . Retrieved September 13, 2023 . 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Woman's hat with a round crown and a deep brim Breton hat in straw 1950 swim fashion by photographer Toni Frissell (/wiki/Toni_Frissell) , showing a Breton-style sunhat with upturned brim Princess Margaret (/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon) wearing a large-brimmed variation of the classic Breton in 1965 Émile Bernard's Buckwheat Harvesters at Pont-Aven , 1888 – the Breton is said to be based on the straw hats worn by Brittany labourers. A Breton (or Bretonne ) is a woman's hat with a round crown and a deep brim that is turned upwards all the way round, exposing the face. [1] (#cite_note-Hat_Shapers,_dictionary-1) [2] (#cite_note-The_Dictionary_of_Fashion_History-2) Sometimes the hat has a domed crown. [3] (#cite_note-The_Hat_Magazine_glossary-3) Typically it is worn tilted to the back of the head. The style first appeared under this name in the 19th century and was generally made of lightweight and malleable material such as straw or felt. [2] (#cite_note-The_Dictionary_of_Fashion_History-2) It is said to derive from the straw hats traditionally worn by Breton (/wiki/Brittany) agricultural workers. [4] (#cite_note-A_Dictionary_of_Costume_Brooks_Picken-4) It is not to be confused with the Breton cap (/wiki/Breton_cap) , a fabric cap with a peak at the front associated with fishermen. 1960s popularity [ edit ] The Breton had a revival of popularity in the 1960s, with high-profile wearers helping to make it fashionable. During this era it also appeared in more extreme styles, with oversized turned-back brims. After British model Jean Shrimpton (/wiki/Jean_Shrimpton) caused a scandal at the Melbourne Cup Carnival in Australia in 1965 by attending Derby Day hatless, bare legged and in a short summer frock, she returned three days later to the Melbourne Cup (/wiki/Melbourne_Cup) in a sober tailored suit with a large ice-blue straw Breton hastily created by local milliner Adele Chapeaux of South Yarra (/wiki/South_Yarra) . [5] (#cite_note-CNN-5) In 1968, a neat straw version was worn right on the back of the head by Mia Farrow (/wiki/Mia_Farrow) in the horror film Rosemary's Baby (/wiki/Rosemary%27s_Baby_(film)) . [6] (#cite_note-Nylon_Hoffman-6) Such was the hat's popularity that The Times (/wiki/The_Times) fashion editor Prudence Glynn (/wiki/Prudence_Glynn) singled it out in 1966 as part of the British 'uniform' at official summer events. [7] (#cite_note-7) In a feature warning of the perils of choosing an expensive occasion outfit in a country where the weather could not be relied upon, she said: "Look at the photographs taken at the Derby. The weather couldn't have been more unpromising, yet there were the British ladies staunchly parading the British Special Occasion Outfit (Subsection: Race Meetings) – Sling back shoes, wind-torn Bretons clapped onto untidy damp hair, nodding and smiling away under tons of artificial pansies and draped tulle." [8] (#cite_note-The_Times_Glynn_56648-8) As well as coming in a variety of sizes, Bretons may feature additional details such as feathers, flowers and ribbon trims. Variations [ edit ] In 1955, Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.) introduced the wide-brimmed Breton – also known as the padre hat – for its resemblance to ecclesiastical headgear. Unlike the more traditional tipped back Breton, this model was worn flat on the head. [9] (#cite_note-Chicago_Tribune_300855-9) [10] (#cite_note-Montreal_Gazette_Meehan-10) See also [ edit ] Bumper brim (/wiki/Bumper_brim) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Hat_Shapers,_dictionary_1-0) "Hat Shaper's, Hat Dictionary" (http://www.hatshapers.com/Hat%20Dictionary.htm) . hatshapers.com . Hat Shapers . Retrieved 27 October 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cumming, Valerie; Cunnington, C.W.; Cunnington, P. (2010). The Dictionary of Fashion History . Oxford: Berg. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847887382 . Retrieved 27 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Hat_Magazine_glossary_3-0) "Hat Glossary" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141028025728/http://www.thehatmagazine.com/hatology/hat-glossary/) . The Hat Magazine. 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.thehatmagazine.com/hatology/hat-glossary/) on 28 October 2014 . Retrieved 28 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-A_Dictionary_of_Costume_Brooks_Picken_4-0) Brooks Picken, Mary (January 1999). A Dictionary of Costume and Fashion: Historic and Modern (1999 ed.). United States: Dover Publications. p. 160 (https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofcost0000pick/page/160) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0486402940 . Retrieved 27 October 2014 . Breton hat + fashion. ^ (#cite_ref-CNN_5-0) "Hat's on, hat's off" (http://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/01/sport/jean-shrimpton-melbourne-cup-fashion/) . edition.cnn.com . CNN . Retrieved 27 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Nylon_Hoffman_6-0) Hoffman, Ali (3 October 2012). "Private Icon/Rosemary's Baby" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141028052643/http://www.nylon.com/stories/8250) . Nylon. Archived from the original (http://www.nylon.com/stories/8250) on 28 October 2014 . Retrieved 27 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Novelty Hats - Pop Culture Hats & Baseball Caps" (https://rockatee.com/collections/hats/) . Retrieved 2023-04-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Glynn_56648_8-0) Glynn, Prudence (3 June 1966). "Dressing down for the occasion". The Times . No. 56648. ^ (#cite_ref-Chicago_Tribune_300855_9-0) "The Fall News in Headlines" (http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1955/08/30/page/27/article/the-fall-news-in-headlines) . Chicago Tribune. 30 August 1955 . Retrieved 18 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Montreal_Gazette_Meehan_10-0) Meehan, Hilda (14 March 1958). "New hat perks up old dress" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19580314&id=mkwwAAAAIBAJ&pg=6096,2393408) . Montreal Gazette . Retrieved 18 November 2014 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Breton (hat) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Breton_(hat)) at Wikimedia Commons 1962 Jan Leslie modified breton from the collection of University of North Texas (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277052/) v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg 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Ukrainian cat Stepan Stepan on the cover of Times Monaco Species (/wiki/Species) Felis catus (/wiki/Cat) Sex Male Born 2008 (age 15–16) Kharkiv (/wiki/Kharkiv) , Ukraine (/wiki/Ukraine) Owner Anna www (https://www.instagram.com/loveyoustepan/) .instagram (https://www.instagram.com/loveyoustepan/) .com (https://www.instagram.com/loveyoustepan/) /loveyoustepan (https://www.instagram.com/loveyoustepan/) / (https://www.instagram.com/loveyoustepan/) Stepan ( Ukrainian (/wiki/Ukrainian_language) : Степан , IPA: [steˈpan] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian) ⓘ (/wiki/File:LL-Q8798_(ukr)-Tohaomg-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD.wav) ; born 2008) is a Ukrainian striped cat (/wiki/Cat) who gained worldwide popularity on social media for his calm nature and jaded posture, making him Ukraine's most popular cat. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) He has more than one and a half million followers on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) and Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Since 2019, Stepan also has an account on the TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) network. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) By August 2023 Stepan had 1.3m followers on Instagram. [4] (#cite_note-66509999Stepan-4) In 2022 Stepan's Instagram page helped raise almost 15,000 euros (/wiki/Euros) in humanitarian aid for Ukraine. [4] (#cite_note-66509999Stepan-4) Biography [ edit ] Stepan was born in 2008 in Kharkiv (/wiki/Kharkiv) . Stepan's owner, Anna, found him when he was little. [5] (#cite_note-5) He has since lived with her in a high-rise apartment building in Saltivka (/wiki/Saltivka) , Kharkiv. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) In 2020, during the quarantine period imposed following the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , Anna recorded the first video of Stepan, and it received several million views. Since then, Anna has been posting new photos and taking pictures of Stepan almost every day, always coming up with new images for him. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Initially Anna posted in Russian (/wiki/Russian_language) . [4] (#cite_note-66509999Stepan-4) According to The Moscow Times (/wiki/The_Moscow_Times) ' YouTube channel, by July 2021, Stepan's fame had crossed the country's borders, with Stepan "capturing the heart" of the Russian Internet (/wiki/Internet_in_Russian_language) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In November 2021, Britney Spears (/wiki/Britney_Spears) drew attention to Stepan in her post. [8] (#cite_note-8) The publication had more than 1.1 million likes and almost nine thousand comments. [9] (#cite_note-9) Soon after, the Italian fashion house Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) published an ad for one of its handbags, featuring the Stepan. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Russian invasion of Ukraine [ edit ] On February 24, 2022, Anna and Stepan were surprised by the Russian invasion of Ukraine (/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) , during which bombings destroyed parts of Kharkiv, including residential neighborhoods, causing dozens of deaths and injuries. After the invasion began, Stepan's social media accounts confirmed that both Stepan and Anna survived the bombings, finding themselves in a shelter. Stepan's photos have been accompanied by photos of the destruction caused by Russian forces, and messages calling for an end to the invasion and a return to peace. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) After Stepan and his family escaped to Poland, the World Influencers and Bloggers Association helped them find a safe house in France. [6] (#cite_note-:2-6) [12] (#cite_note-12) Following the Russian invasion the social media posts of Stepan switched to Ukrainian (/wiki/Ukrainian_language) . [4] (#cite_note-66509999Stepan-4) Stepan's owner Anna told the BBC (/wiki/BBC) "We've all changed mentally after seeing what sort of thing this ' Russian world (/wiki/Russian_world) ' (a concept of a cultural and political space promoted by Russia (/wiki/Russia) ) really is." [4] (#cite_note-66509999Stepan-4) In August 2022, Anna adopted a kitten, Stephania; she is a tabby (/wiki/Tabby_cat) and looks a lot like Stepan. [13] (#cite_note-13) In November of that year, Stepan was appointed as an 'ambassador' by the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy (/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Information_Policy) as part of their 'Save Ukrainian Culture' campaign. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2022 Stepan's social media pages helped raise almost 15,000 euros (/wiki/Euros) for food, medicine and other care for other Ukrainian animals who suffered in the war. [4] (#cite_note-66509999Stepan-4) According to his Instagram account, Stepan returned to his native Kharkiv. [15] (#cite_note-15) In August 2023, Stepan had 1.3 million followers on Instagram. [4] (#cite_note-66509999Stepan-4) In 2024, Anna announced that Stepan had fallen ill due to stress following a Russian attack on Kharkiv on 23 January and was receiving medications. [16] (#cite_note-16) In March, Anna announced that they had relocated to Germany with her cats. [17] (#cite_note-17) See also [ edit ] List of individual cats (/wiki/List_of_individual_cats) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "This is a success: Valentino ordered an advertisement from Stepan's cat (photo)" (https://globalhappenings.com/entertainment/53156.html) . Global Happenings . Retrieved 2022-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Харківський кіт Степан потрапив до Instagram Брітні Спірс (фото, відео)" (https://focus.ua/uk/lifestyle/498994-harkovskiy-kot-stepan-popal-v-instagram-britni-spirs-foto-video) . ФОКУС (in Ukrainian). 2021-11-25 . Retrieved 2022-03-04 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Conoce a Stepán, el gato que causa sensación en TikTok por una expresión muy singular" (https://elcomercio.pe/respuestas/tiktok-stepan-el-gato-que-causa-sensacion-en-tiktok-por-una-expresion-muy-singular-redes-sociales-virales-revtli-noticia/) . El Comercio (in Spanish). 2021-08-02 . Retrieved 2022-03-04 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Shevchenko, Vitaly (2023-08-19). "Cat and dog influencers help Ukrainians cope with war" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66509999) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . Retrieved 2023-08-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Кіт із аристократичним поглядом з Харкова став зіркою Мережі" (https://tsn.ua/ukrayina/kit-iz-aristokratichnim-poglyadom-z-harkova-stav-zirkoyu-merezhi-1832719.html) . ТСН.ua (in Ukrainian). 2021-07-26 . Retrieved 2022-03-04 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lorenz, Taylor (March 17, 2022). "How Stepan, Ukraine's most famous cat, escaped the war to safety" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/03/17/stepan-ukrainian-cat-safety/) . Washington Post . Retrieved March 17, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Sleepy Ukrainian Cat Captivates Russian Internet" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmQgqoQC-TA) , The Moscow Times , retrieved 2022-03-04 ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Український кіт став зіркою світових соцмереж. Його перепостила навіть Брітні Спірс" (https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-59415566) . BBC News Україна (in Ukrainian). 2021-11-25 . Retrieved 2022-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Цьомик, Ганна (2021-11-26). "Тисячі підписників і повідомлень: кіт Степан в Instagram Брітні Спірс" (https://suspilne.media/183859-miljon-lajkiv-i-tisaci-povidomlen-harkivskij-kit-stepan-zavivsa-v-instagram-britni-spirs/?) . Суспільне (in Ukrainian) . Retrieved 2022-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Flood, Rebecca (2022-03-03). "Famous meme cat from Ukraine uses viral platform to plea for end to the war" (https://www.newsweek.com/famous-meme-cat-ukraine-viral-platorm-plea-end-war-russia-stepan-1684488) . Newsweek (/wiki/Newsweek) . Retrieved 2022-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Ukraine Becomes the World's "First TikTok War" (https://www.newyorker.com/culture/infinite-scroll/watching-the-worlds-first-tiktok-war) " (https://www.newyorker.com/culture/infinite-scroll/watching-the-worlds-first-tiktok-war) . The New Yorker . 2022-03-03 . Retrieved 2022-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Carson, Erin (March 17, 2022). "Stepan the Internet-Famous Cat Escapes Ukraine, Finds Safety" (https://www.cnet.com/culture/internet/stepan-the-internet-famous-cat-escapes-ukraine-and-finds-safety/) . CNET . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Stephania (@stephania_girlcat) • Instagram photos and videos" (https://www.instagram.com/stephania_girlcat/) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Cat Stepan becomes ambassador of ‘Save Ukrainian Culture’ project (https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3609721-cat-stepan-becomes-ambassador-of-save-ukrainian-culture-project.html) , Urkrinform, 7 November 2022 ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/p/CmRz7wcstGj/?img_index=1) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) " (https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/01/26/7439073/) "Stress-induced illness": Internet-famous Ukrainian cat falls sick after Russian attack on Kharkiv – photo" (https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2024/01/26/7439073/) . Ukrainska Pravda . 26 January 2024 . Retrieved 7 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Dear Friends! We found our new home in Germany. I feel good. Thank you for your thoughts ❤️" (https://www.instagram.com/p/C4VvFj6sBqo/?hl=en&img_index=1) . Instagram . 11 March 2024. 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Italian sportswear manufacturer SLAM Company type Private (/wiki/Privately_held_company) Industry Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) and Sports Goods (/wiki/Sports_equipment) Founded Dec19th ,1979 in Genoa (/wiki/Genoa) Headquarters Genoa (/wiki/Genoa) Products Sailing wear (/wiki/Sailing_wear) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) Website www.slam.com (http://www.slam.com/) SLAM is a manufacturer of clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , specializing in sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) ( sailing wear (/wiki/Sailing_wear) ), based in Genoa (/wiki/Genoa) and founded in 1979. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Vela, Giornale della (22 March 2022). "Slam lancia la sfida: postate i vostri scatti con i capi iconici del brand!" (https://www.giornaledellavela.com/2022/03/22/slam-heritage-sfida/) . Giornale della Vela (in Italian) . Retrieved 5 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Giuzio, Alex (6 June 2022). "Slam: the historic nautical clothing brand is reborn" (https://www.yachtingnews.com/slam/) . Yachting News . Retrieved 5 February 2024 . External links [ edit ] Official Site (http://www.slam.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/160639920) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLAM_(clothing)&action=edit) . v t e This article related to sports in Italy (/wiki/Sports_in_Italy) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLAM_(clothing)&action=edit) . v t e This article related to a manufacturing (/wiki/Manufacturing) company is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLAM_(clothing)&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐qdsh2 Cached time: 20240722165654 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.327 seconds Real time usage: 0.674 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1325/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22156/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1030/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26662/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.226/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5055107/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 404.842 1 -total 24.07% 97.438 1 Template:Reflist 21.41% 86.695 1 Template:Infobox_company 21.22% 85.889 2 Template:Cite_web 20.96% 84.845 1 Template:Short_description 19.90% 80.568 1 Template:Authority_control 18.78% 76.045 1 Template:Infobox 13.36% 54.085 2 Template:Pagetype 9.30% 37.645 3 Template:Asbox 7.60% 30.786 1 Template:Clothing-stub Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:29583226-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722165654 and revision id 1203866715. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLAM_(clothing)&oldid=1203866715 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLAM_(clothing)&oldid=1203866715) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Italian brands (/wiki/Category:Italian_brands) Clothing companies established in 1979 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1979) Shoe companies of Italy (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies_of_Italy) Shoe brands (/wiki/Category:Shoe_brands) Privately held companies of Italy (/wiki/Category:Privately_held_companies_of_Italy) Manufacturing companies based in Genoa (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_based_in_Genoa) Italian companies established in 1979 (/wiki/Category:Italian_companies_established_in_1979) Sailing equipment manufacturers (/wiki/Category:Sailing_equipment_manufacturers) Sporting goods manufacturers of Italy (/wiki/Category:Sporting_goods_manufacturers_of_Italy) Companies based in Genoa (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Genoa) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Italian sport stubs (/wiki/Category:Italian_sport_stubs) Manufacturing company stubs (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_company_stubs) Hidden categories: CS1 Italian-language sources (it) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Ministry of Supply Company type Private Industry Fashion Founded Boston, Massachusetts (/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts) , United States (2012 ( 2012 ) ) Headquarters Boston, Massachusetts , USA Products Clothing and business attire Website www (http://www.ministryofsupply.com) .ministryofsupply (http://www.ministryofsupply.com) .com (http://www.ministryofsupply.com) Ministry of Supply is an American men's and women's business wear (/wiki/Business_wear) fashion brand (/wiki/Fashion_label) based in Boston. It was launched in 2012 and founded by former Massachusetts Institute of Technology (/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology) students using some of the same temperature regulating material as NASA (/wiki/NASA) astronauts in their clothing. [1] (#cite_note-sara-1) The company currently sells the majority of their clothing online and currently has brick and mortar (/wiki/Brick_and_mortar) retail locations in Washington D.C. (/wiki/Washington_D.C.) , San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Santa Monica (/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California) , Boston, and Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) . [1] (#cite_note-sara-1) History [ edit ] The company is named after the Ministry of Supply (/wiki/Ministry_of_Supply) , a British government department that was formed in 1939 to coordinate the supply of equipment to all three branches of the armed forces during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . [2] (#cite_note-2) After a year of product development and small-scale sales in the spring of 2012, the company decided to conduct a Kickstarter (/wiki/Kickstarter) campaign to fund the creation of a synthetic (/wiki/Synthetic_fiber) knit-blend dress shirt with heat and moisture management, odor control, and offered a full range of motion. [3] (#cite_note-3) The campaign raised over $400,000. [4] (#cite_note-4) In June 2013, the company again went to Kickstarter for a campaign to raise funds to produce a dress sock. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) This campaign raised more than $200,000 for the start up company. The Ministry of Supply display at the Boston Marathon (/wiki/Boston_Marathon) Expo in April 2015. In late September 2013, the company raised $1.1 million in seed round (/wiki/Seed_round) financing from VegasTechFund, SK Ventures, and Red Sox (/wiki/Red_Sox) pitcher Craig Breslow (/wiki/Craig_Breslow) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The $50,000 investment from Breslow came after his fiancée bought one of the shirts as a birthday present and he wore the shirt while traveling on the road with the team. [8] (#cite_note-martin-8) Design [ edit ] The Ministry of Supply's goal is to use new materials, aerospace (/wiki/Aerospace_engineering) , robotic engineering (/wiki/Robotics) , and thermal analysis (/wiki/Thermal_analysis) to create a new category in the design of better-fitting men's business attire. [9] (#cite_note-9) The company seeks limited beta testing (/wiki/Beta_testing#Beta_testing) through customer input and feedback with when designing their clothing. Early customers are integrated into the development and design process by inviting them to be part of the research into the final product. [10] (#cite_note-10) companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) References [ edit ] ^ a b Castellanos, Sara (2014-06-04). "High-tech menswear startup Ministry of Supply to launch pop-up store on Newbury Street" (http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/blog/startups/2014/06/nasa-inspired-ministry-of-supply-to-launch-pop-up.html) . Boston Business Journal . American City Business Journals . Retrieved 2014-08-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kirsner, Scott (2012-07-29). "High-tech dress shirts being developed by Ministry of Supply" (https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/07/28/high-tech-dress-shirts-from-ministry-supply-aim-tap-office-workers-inner-james-bond/GqBSNWe64uoEuk0hwo2s3L/story.html) . The Boston Globe . BOSTON GLOBE MEDIA PARTNERS, LLC . Retrieved 2014-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Alspach, Kyle (2012-07-09). "Ministry of Supply breaks Kickstarter fashion record with $300K+ raised" (http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/blog/startups/2012/07/ministry-of-supply-breaks-kickstarter.html) . Boston Business Journal . American City Business Journals . Retrieved 2014-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Ministry of Supply: The Future of Dress Shirts" (https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1850124313/ministry-of-supply-the-future-of-dress-shirts) . Retrieved 2014-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Robehmed, Natalie (2013-07-08). "I Wore These Socks For A Week And They Don't Smell" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2013/07/08/i-wore-these-socks-for-a-week-and-they-dont-smell/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2014-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "ATLAS: Performance Professional Comes to Socks" (https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1850124313/atlas-performance-professional-comes-to-socks) . Retrieved 2014-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Empson, Rip (2013-09-26). "After Kickstarter Success, Ministry of Supply Lands $1.1M To Expand Its Tech-Savvy Men's Line" (https://techcrunch.com/2013/09/26/after-kickstarter-success-ministry-of-supply-lands-1-1m-to-expand-its-tech-savvy-mens-line/) . TechCrunch . AOL Inc . Retrieved 2014-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-martin_8-0) Martin, Claire (2013-05-28). "Rolling Up Their Sleeves, as a Team" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/19/business/at-ministry-of-supply-teamwork-in-making-high-tech-apparel.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2014-09-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Luna, Taryn (2013-05-04). "MIT student start-ups have their eyes on fashion" (https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2013/05/04/mit-mecca-for-geek-culture-makes-fashion-statement/D0lsI27ubaEywD9vXFO7yJ/story.html) . The Boston Globe . Retrieved 2014-08-28 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Castellanos, Sara (2014-06-25). "MIT-born Ministry of Supply asks customers to help with design of new products" (http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/blog/startups/2014/07/mit-born-ministry-of-supply-asks-customers-to-help.html) . Boston Business Journal . American City Business Journals . Retrieved 2014-08-26 . 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The Ascot cap , also known as the Coffey cap or Lippincott cap , is a men's hard cap (/wiki/Cap) similar to the flat cap (/wiki/Flat_cap) , but distinguished by its hardness and rounded shape. Ascot caps are typically made from fur or wool felt (/wiki/Felt) and worn in the fall or winter (/wiki/Winter) , but straw (/wiki/Straw) Ascots also exist for warmer weather. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Unlike the flat cap, the inside is not lined with silk but the closed-in design and softness of felt still provides comfort and warmth. The style dates back to 1900. See also [ edit ] Coppola cap (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Flat cap (/wiki/Flat_cap) Newsboy cap (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lambeth, Cheralyn (25 November 2016). Creating the Character Costume: Tools, Tips, and Talks with Top Costumers and Cosplayers . Taylor & Francis. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-317-59796-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Woolnough, Richard (June 2013). The A to Z Book of Menswear . The A to Z Book of Menswear. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-897403-25-9 . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ascot_cap&action=edit) . v t e v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Titovka (/wiki/Titovka_(cap)) Triglavka (/wiki/Triglavka) Ski (/wiki/Ski_cap) Slouch (/wiki/Slouch_hat) Sou'wester (/wiki/Sou%27wester) Student (/wiki/Student_cap) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) Christian (/wiki/Christian_clothing) Western (/wiki/Western_Christianity) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Canterbury (/wiki/Canterbury_cap) Camauro (/wiki/Camauro) Capirote (/wiki/Capirote) Cappello romano (/wiki/Cappello_romano) Capuchon (/wiki/Capuchon) Christening cap (/wiki/Christening_cap) Galero (/wiki/Galero) Head covering for Christian women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) Easter bonnet (/wiki/Easter_bonnet) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre) Papal tiara (/wiki/Papal_tiara) Pilgrim's (/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_hat) Salvation Army bonnet (/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet) Shovel (/wiki/Shovel_hat) Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) Eastern (/wiki/Eastern_Christianity) Klobuk (/wiki/Klobuk) Epanokalimavkion (/wiki/Epanokalimavkion) Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) Koukoulion (/wiki/Koukoulion) Skufia (/wiki/Skufia) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Kolpik (/wiki/Kolpik) Spodik (/wiki/Spodik) Shtreimel (/wiki/Shtreimel) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Animal (/wiki/Animal_hat) Ascot Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Beanie (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Bobble (/wiki/Bobble_hat) Breton (/wiki/Breton_(hat)) Bucket (/wiki/Bucket_hat) Chilote (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Cowboy (/wiki/Cowboy_hat) Boss of the Plains (/wiki/Boss_of_the_Plains) Fruit (/wiki/Fruit_hat) Knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) Party (/wiki/Party_hat) Shower (/wiki/Shower_cap) Tin foil (/wiki/Tin_foil_hat) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella_hat) Whoopee (/wiki/Whoopee_cap) Sports Cricket (/wiki/Cricket_cap) Baggy green (/wiki/Baggy_green) Balaclava (/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)) Facekini (/wiki/Facekini) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) Trucker (/wiki/Trucker_hat) Bicycle clip (/wiki/Bicycle_clip_hat) Casquette (/wiki/Casquette) Deerstalker (/wiki/Deerstalker) Horse racing (/wiki/Jockey%27s_cap) Mounteere (/wiki/Mounteere_cap) Rally (/wiki/Rally_cap) Sports visor (/wiki/Sports_visor) Green eyeshade (/wiki/Green_eyeshade) Stormy Kromer 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This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Rue107&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Rue107&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Rue107) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Rue107) for suggestions. ( February 2017 ) Rue107 Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founder Marie Jean-Baptiste Area served New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) Website rue107 (http://rue107.com) .com (http://rue107.com) Rue107 is a women's clothing brand founded in 2011 by Marie Jean-Baptiste in New York City. It specializes in a wide gamut of sizes of women's clothing, though it is notable for its selection of women's plus-sized clothing and swimwear lines. Since its inception, the clothing brand has been worn by several celebrities, including Beyoncé, Nicki Minaj, and others. The clothing brand has received praise for its clothing lines as well as the attention it has given to plus-sized women in terms of marketing and clothing options. The brand has also received attention for its independent status, its plus-sized clothing options, and the fact that it was a company created by a black woman. History [ edit ] Rue107 was founded by Marie Jean-Baptiste in New York City. [1] (#cite_note-hpost-1) Explaining why she decided to create the company, Baptiste stated that she “always had an entrepreneurial spirit” and that a mentor helped introduce her to stretch fabrics, which resulted in her making unique clothes. [2] (#cite_note-noire-2) Prior to Rue107, Baptiste was a Licensed Practical Nurse, all the while planning to create her business. She incorporated her business in July 2011, and spent the year prior testing the market. [2] (#cite_note-noire-2) Baptiste cited her reasons for offering clothing for a wide variety of sizes as being due to her upbringing in Haiti, where beauty standards for her were not defined by size. [2] (#cite_note-noire-2) Specifically, she says that beauty is defined by how people carry themselves. [3] (#cite_note-sentinel-3) Products and marketing [ edit ] Rue107's clothing features a variety of styles, including its “Juicy Fruit” collection. [4] (#cite_note-4) The clothing sizes range from 2 to 24. [3] (#cite_note-sentinel-3) Multiple celebrities have been seen wearing Rue107 clothing, including Amber Rose, Nicki Minaj, Beyoncé, Dawn Richard, and Christina Millan. [2] (#cite_note-noire-2) Rue107 collaborated with plus-sized model Essie Golden and Monif C. to throw a rooftop pool party to celebrate body positivity. [5] (#cite_note-5) Reception [ edit ] Plus Model writer Marcy Cruz praised the company's use of “vibrant colors and prints” from their Vitamin C catalogue, as well as praising its penchant for designs for curvy people. [6] (#cite_note-6) Bustle writer Marie Southard Ospina expressed disappointment in the blandness of both variety and boldness, noting that Rue107 stood out as an exception to this, specifically citing the company's Curve section. [7] (#cite_note-7) Fusion writer Tahirah Hairston included Rue107 in a list of “6 swimwear brands made for women with curves,” saying that the variety of swimwear options would “make Beyoncé proud.” [8] (#cite_note-8) Staff of The Curvy Fashionista called Rue107 one of their favorite brands of the summer. [9] (#cite_note-9) Orit Mohamed for Blavity included it in his list of the 11 black-owned fashion lines that people should check out. [10] (#cite_note-10) The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) 's Taryn Finley similarly included Rue 107 in her list of nine great swimwear lines created by black women. [1] (#cite_note-hpost-1) The book “Fashion Divas: The Best Fashion Trends and Styles From 50+ African American Designers” included Marie Jean-Baptiste's Rue 107 in its list. [11] (#cite_note-11) Style Blazer's Marie Denee included Rue107 in a list of noteworthy independent plus-sized designers, praising its use of silhouettes and its bold style, while also calling it a cult hit among “New York trendsetters.” [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Finley, Taryn (2016-05-17). "9 Bomb-Ass Swimwear Lines Designed By Black Women" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/9-bomb-ass-swimwear-lines-designed-by-black-women_us_5739ee79e4b060aa781aca5d) . The Huffington Post . Retrieved 2017-01-29 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Brown, Ann (2015-08-25). " (http://madamenoire.com/582706/swim-marie-jean-baptistes-rue107-offers-sexy-bathing-suits-size-women/) "Cool Has No Size": Marie Jean-Baptiste's Rue107 Offers Sexy Bathing Suits For Every Woman" (http://madamenoire.com/582706/swim-marie-jean-baptistes-rue107-offers-sexy-bathing-suits-size-women/) . Madame Noire . Retrieved 2017-01-29 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Rue 107's Marie Jean-Baptiste says fashion is how you carry yourself" (http://sentinel.ht/2016/12/01/rue-107s-marie-jean-baptiste-says-fashion-carry/) . Haiti Sentinel . 2016-12-01 . Retrieved 2017-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "First Look: The Juicy Fruit Collection from Rue 107 Curves" (https://thecurvyfashionista.com/2016/08/juicy-fruit-collection-rue-107-curves/) . The Curvy Fashionista . Retrieved 2017-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Dalessandro, Alysse (2015-05-14). "Essie Golden Is Hosting A Body Positive Pool Party In New York City And There's No Way It Won't Be Epic" (https://www.bustle.com/articles/83284-essie-golden-is-hosting-a-body-positive-pool-party-in-new-york-city-and-theres-no) . Bustle . Retrieved 2017-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Cruz, Marcy (2015-07-17). "FRESH & FUN: THE LATEST COLLECTION FROM RUE107 IS A MUST-SEE" (http://www.plus-model-mag.com/2015/07/fresh-fun-the-latest-collection-from-rue107-is-a-must-see/) . Plus Model . Retrieved 2017-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Southard Ospina, Marie (2015-04-05). "Rue 107 Relaunches Plus Size Line — And It's Pure Confidence-Inducing Fashion For Spring" (https://www.bustle.com/articles/74247-rue-107-relaunches-plus-size-line-and-its-pure-confidence-inducing-fashion-for-spring) . Bustle . Retrieved 2017-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Hairston, Tahirah (2016-05-27). "6 swimwear brands made for women with curves" (http://fusion.net/story/306391/plus-size-swimwear-summer-2016/) . Fusion . Retrieved 2017-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "First Look: The Newest from Rue 107 for Pre Fall!" (https://thecurvyfashionista.com/2016/08/rue-107-fall-collection/) . The Curvy Fashionista . Retrieved 2017-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Mohamed, Orit. "11 black-owned fashion lines you shouldn't sleep on" (https://blavity.com/11-black-owned-fashion-lines-shouldnt-sleep) . Blavity . Retrieved 2017-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "New Book Reveals Top 50+ African American Fashion Designers — And Their Latest Styles and Trends" (http://www.blacknews.com/news/book-fashion-divas-top-50-african-american-black-fashion-designers-latest-styles-trends/) . Black News . 2016-08-05 . Retrieved 2017-01-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Denee, Marie (2013-05-29). "Curvy Closet: Independent Plus Size Designers To Know" (http://styleblazer.com/156371/curvy-closet-independent-plus-size-designers-to-know/) . Style Blazer . Retrieved 2017-01-29 . 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Defunct American women's online magazine The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "BettyConfidential" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22BettyConfidential%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22BettyConfidential%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22BettyConfidential%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22BettyConfidential%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22BettyConfidential%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22BettyConfidential%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) BettyConfidential Editor-in-chief April Daniels Hussar Former editors Myrna Blyth (/wiki/Myrna_Blyth) Founder Deborah Perry Piscione (/wiki/Deborah_Perry_Piscione) Shaun Marsh Founded March 2008 Country United States Website Official website (https://web.archive.org/web/20200222085354/http://bettyconfidential.com/) (2020 archive) BettyConfidential.com was a United States (/wiki/United_States) women's online magazine. It had 2.5 million unique visitors a month. History [ edit ] Launched in March 2008, BettyConfidential.com was co–founded by author and television commentator Deborah Perry Piscione (/wiki/Deborah_Perry_Piscione) and Internet entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneur) Shaun Marsh. [1] (#cite_note-1) After conducting studies of women on the internet, both Piscione and Marsh wanted to connect women who shared similar life stages (/wiki/Erikson%27s_stages_of_psychosocial_development) , circumstance, goals, and interest in order for them to help and support other women. The name Betty was chosen for the website to convey a trustworthy friend. Confidential was chosen to represent the hidden aspirations that exist in all women. [2] (#cite_note-2) March 5, 2008: NBC 11, the NBC affiliate for the San Francisco Bay Area, produced a full segment profiling BettyConfidential.com. March 9, 2008: msnbc and WCAU-TV of Philadelphia profiled BettyConfidential.com. March 11, 2008: BettyConfidential.com officially launches. March 11, 2008: The BettyConfidential.com launch was covered by several major outlets, including CNBC [3] (#cite_note-3) and SmartMoney [4] (#cite_note-4) magazine. February 20, 2009: MSNBC reported on Betty's use of revolutionary technology to cover the Oscars. [5] (#cite_note-5) Deborah Perry Piscione is one of the recipients of the Women's Initiative "Women-Owned Business of the Year" award on November 10, 2009. [6] (#cite_note-6) June 23, 2010: BettyConfidential was selected as one of ForbesWoman's Top 100 Websites for Women in 2010. [7] (#cite_note-7) September 16, 2010: BettyConfidential is recognized as a pioneering company in the digital entertainment age and is selected as one of the 2010 OnHollywood 100 Top Private Companies by AlwaysOn. As of 2023 the BettyConfidential domain was for sale, with no activity on their social media pages since 2017. Contributors [ edit ] The editorial department is headed up by editor-in-chief April Daniels Hussar. It was previously run by Myrna Blyth (/wiki/Myrna_Blyth) , author, TV commentator and editor-in-chief of Ladies' Home Journal (/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal) , and founding editor-in-chief of More Magazine . The editorial staff is Sarah Polonsky (/wiki/Sarah_Polonsky) , senior editor: Celebrities, Jane Farrell, senior editor: Mama Betty, Libby Keatinge, senior editor: Love+Sex, PJ Gach, senior editor: Style+Beauty, Faye Brennan, assistant editor, Kathryn H. Cusimano, assistant editor, Carolyn French, editorial assistant. [8] (#cite_note-8) A comprehensive list of contributors can be found here Our Team at BettyConfidential.com (https://web.archive.org/web/20090416131706/http://www.bettyconfidential.com/ci/team.html) . CNN's Soledad O'Brien (/wiki/Soledad_O%27Brien) serves as chairman of the advisory board. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "It's a woman's World Wide Web" (http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2008/08/17/LVK811GDD8.DTL) . 17 August 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Bercovici, Jeff (2008-03-13). "New Women's Site Picks a Name to Dye For" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080315064344/http://www.portfolio.com/views/blogs/mixed-media/2008/03/13/new-womens-site-picks-a-name-to-dye-for) . Portfolio.com (/wiki/Portfolio.com) . Archived from the original (http://www.portfolio.com/views/blogs/mixed-media/2008/03/13/new-womens-site-picks-a-name-to-dye-for) on 2008-03-15. ^ (#cite_ref-3) . CNBC https://www.cnbc.com/id/23572851 (https://www.cnbc.com/id/23572851) . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title) ) CS1 maint: url-status ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status) ) [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Home Page" (https://www.marketwatch.com/) . MarketWatch . 2023-07-14 . Retrieved 2023-07-14 . [ not specific enough to verify ] ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Broadcast Management Group Covers the Oscars Using New Technology - MSNBC Wire Services - msnbc.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090302093632/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29300327) . 2009-03-02. Archived from the original (https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29300327) on 2009-03-02 . Retrieved 2023-07-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Deborah Perry Piscione Wins Women's Initiative Woman-Owned Business of the Year" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091028160018/http://www.bettyconfidential.com/ar/ld/a/Deborah-Perry-Piscione-Wins-Womens-Initiative-Woman-Owned-Business-of-the-Year.html) . BettyConfidential.com. 2009-10-28. Archived from the original (http://www.bettyconfidential.com/ar/ld/a/Deborah-Perry-Piscione-Wins-Womens-Initiative-Woman-Owned-Business-of-the-Year.html) on 2009-10-28 . Retrieved 2023-07-14 . [ self-published source ] ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Top 100 Websites For Women" (https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/23/100-best-womens-blogs-forbes-woman-time-websites.html) . Forbes . Retrieved 2023-07-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Release: 'Only Republican in Women's Publishing' Now Your Best Friend—Only Better" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100430062946/http://www.observer.com/mobile/article/79715) . The New York Observer (/wiki/The_New_York_Observer) . Archived from the original (https://www.observer.com/mobile/article/79715) on 2010-04-30 . Retrieved 2009-06-09 . 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Skin whitening cream popular in the Indian subcontinent Glow & Lovely Type Cosmetic product Inception 1975 Manufacturer Hindustan Unilever (/wiki/Hindustan_Unilever) Available Yes Website https://www.hul.co.in/brands/beauty-wellbeing/glow-lovely/ (https://www.hul.co.in/brands/beauty-wellbeing/glow-lovely/) Glow & Lovely (formerly Fair & Lovely ) is an Indian (/wiki/India) skin-lightening (/wiki/Skin_lightening) cosmetic product of Hindustan Unilever (/wiki/Hindustan_Unilever) introduced to the market in India (/wiki/India) in 1975. Glow & Lovely is available in India (/wiki/India) , Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) , Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysia) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) , Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) , Brunei (/wiki/Brunei) , Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) , Sri Lanka (/wiki/Sri_Lanka) , Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) , Mauritius (/wiki/Mauritius) and other parts of Asia (/wiki/Asia) and is also exported to other parts of the world, such as the West (/wiki/Western_world) , where it is sold in Asian supermarkets (/wiki/Asian_supermarket) . Tube of Glow & Lovely (with the former branding) showing the branding and face of Yami Gautam (/wiki/Yami_Gautam) . Unilever patented the brand Fair & Lovely in 1971, after the patenting of niacinamide (/wiki/Niacinamide) , a melanin (/wiki/Melanin) suppressor, [1] (#cite_note-1) which is the cream's main active ingredient. Glow & Lovely's website states the product contains vitamins B3, C, and E, along with multivitamins and UVB/UVA sunscreens. Glow & Lovely was controversial under its previous name “Fair & Lovely”. Its promotions focus on Bollywood stars and marketing is oriented towards those who would buy skin lightening products over the counter, through friends, or online, without consulting a specialist. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) The president of the company responded to concerns about the product calling for diverse representation, and has announced changes in advertising, communication and packaging in South Asia. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Market Share [ edit ] The target consumer profile (/wiki/Consumer_profile) for Glow & Lovely is the 18 and above age group, and the bulk of the users are in the age 21–35 category, [4] (#cite_note-4) though there is evidence that girls as young as 12–14 also use the cream. [5] (#cite_note-5) As of 2012 the brand occupied 80% of the lightening cream market in India and is one of Hindustan Unilever's most successful cosmetics lines. [6] (#cite_note-6) Formula [ edit ] Glow & Lovely offers a range of product formulations including lotions, gels and soaps. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) According to Glow & Lovely's website the product uses vitamin B3, glycerine, UVA and UVB sunscreens in its formula. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) Glow & Lovely has also announced the addition of vitamins C, B6, E and allantoin to their product. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Health concerns [ edit ] Main article: Skin whitening (/wiki/Skin_whitening) Glow & Lovely is widely considered to be a skin lightening cream, and skin lightening which is done for cosmetic reasons is sometimes associated with negative impacts on well-being. [8] (#cite_note-:2-8) Advertisement issues and criticism [ edit ] Glow & Lovely suffered controversy under its previous name “Fair & Lovely”. Aggressive marketing campaigns in India are shown to use Bollywood celebrities to promote ‘fair’ as beautiful and ‘dark’ as ugly, leading critics to charge the firm with promoting colourism. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Fairness cream brand promotions in the Indian market use the same method of advertising, ridiculing a young girl for having dark skin and not doing enough to lighten it, pointing to the cream as the needed solution. [9] (#cite_note-:1-9) Advertisements target middle to lower income groups of whom 20% to 30% buy skin lightening products over the counter, through friends, or online, without consulting a specialist. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Those who may not have a lot of income cannot opt to go for products that are expensive. Nor are they able to speak with specialists that may guide them in their skincare. So they opt to buy the first product they find, in this case 'Glow & Lovely.' Marketing campaigns of the product have been criticized for promoting colorism (/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_color) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Marketing for the product in all countries implies that whiter skin equates to beauty and self-confidence. [11] (#cite_note-11) Hindustan Unilever Limited research claims that "90 per cent of Indian women want to use whiteners because it is aspirational, like losing weight. A fair skin is, like education, regarded as a social and economic step up." [12] (#cite_note-12) Following this controversy, in a 2007 television advertisement for Ponds White Beauty, [13] (#cite_note-13) actor Saif Ali Khan (/wiki/Saif_Ali_Khan) expressed preference for the fair-skinned Neha Dhupia (/wiki/Neha_Dhupia) over the darker-skinned Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) . [14] (#cite_note-14) The company suspended television advertisements for the product. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Company response and rebranding [ edit ] In 2020, the manufacturer responded to criticism associating the product with colorism. Sunny Jain, President Beauty & Personal Care stated the company recognizes that the use of the words ‘fair’, ‘white’ and ‘light’ is not ideal. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Jain also announced changes in advertising, communication and packaging in South Asia. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Glow & Lovely also announced in 2020, they plan to feature women of different skin tones, representative of the variety of beauty across India and other countries. In 2020, Hindustan Unilever (/wiki/Hindustan_Unilever) announced the rebranding of its flagship brand Fair & Lovely, removing the word 'Fair' and using 'Glow' instead. [18] (#cite_note-18) The brand was renamed to 'Glow & Lovely'. [19] (#cite_note-19) At the time of the rebranding, Unilever stated that 'Fair & Lovely has never been, and is not, a skin bleaching product', instead it was intended to be a product which would 'improve skin barrier function, improve skin firmness, and smooth out skin texture'. [20] (#cite_note-20) Critical response to rebranding [ edit ] Critics responded to the rebranding by criticizing the continuing sale of the product and expressing concerns that changing the name of the product does not address how colorism is still prevalent in the community. [21] (#cite_note-:5-21) Former Procter and Gamble executive Alex Malouf stated, “None of these companies has said we’re going to discontinue these products, despite the reputational challenge.” [22] (#cite_note-22) Critic and activist Mirusha Yogarajah stated in response to Unilever's announcement, “If you’re changing the advertising to where they’re not promoting light skin, that’s reasonable, but if you’re still selling the product, that doesn’t mean much”. [21] (#cite_note-:5-21) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, Howard I. Maibach. Textbook of Aging Skin 540896554 (2009), p.498: "In a recent work, niacinamide and glucosamine (in particular, its derivative N-acetyl glucosamine [NAG]) have been determined to be effective in reducing melanin production in culture. In vitro, glucosamine reduces production of melanin." ^ a b Rusmadi, Siti Zulaikha; Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah; Praveena, Sarva Mangala (2015). "Preliminary Study on the Skin Lightening Practice and Health Symptoms among Female Students in Malaysia" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4674599) . Journal of Environmental and Public Health . 2015 : 591790. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1155/2015/591790 (https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2015%2F591790) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1687-9805 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1687-9805) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 4674599 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4674599) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 26693230 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26693230) . ^ a b c d e f "Unilever evolves skin care portfolio to embrace a more inclusive vision of beauty" (https://www.unilever.com/news/press-and-media/press-releases/2020/unilever-evolves-skin-care-portfolio-to-embrace-a-more-inclusive-vision-of-beauty/) . Unilever . Retrieved 2023-01-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Jham, Vimi. Cases on Consumer-Centric Marketing Management (2013) 1466643587, p. 102: "The target consumer profile for Fair & Lovely is in the age group of 18 and above. The bulk of the users are in the age group of 21-35 and brand communication has always been targeted at this age group." ^ (#cite_ref-5) Mike Peng. Global Strategy 0324590997 (2008), p. 414: "The target market for Fair & Lovely is predominantly young women aged 18–35 (Srisha, 2001). Disturbingly, “there is repeated evidence that schoolgirls in the 12–14 years category widely use fairness creams" (Ninan, 2003)." ^ (#cite_ref-6) Alma M. Garcia. Contested Images: Women of Color in Popular Culture (2012) 0759119635, p. 182: "Through its Indian subsidiary, Hindustan Lever Limited, Unilever patented Fair & Lovely in 1971 following the patenting of niacinamide, a melanin suppressor, which is its main active ingredient. Test market David "Unilever to Rename Fair & Lovely Skin-Lightening Cream in India," (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-25/unilever-to-rename-fair-lovely-skin-lightening-cream-in-india) Bloomberg (June 25, 2020). ^ (#cite_ref-:4_7-0) "Glow & Lovely Careers" (https://www.glowandlovelycareers.in/en/productdetail?productcategory=mvcream&productid=GALPRD-2733481&packsize=15g&producttitle=advanced-multi-vitamin) . Glow & Lovely Careers . Retrieved 2023-02-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_8-0) Pollock, Samara; Taylor, Susan; Oyerinde, Oyetewa; Nurmohamed, Sabrina; Dlova, Ncoza; Sarkar, Rashmi; Galadari, Hassan; Manela-Azulay, Mônica; Chung, Hae Shin; Handog, Evangeline; Kourosh, A. Shadi (2020-09-17). "The dark side of skin lightening: An international collaboration and review of a public health issue affecting dermatology" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072511) . International Journal of Women's Dermatology . 7 (2): 158–164. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.09.006 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijwd.2020.09.006) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2352-6475 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2352-6475) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 8072511 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072511) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 33937483 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33937483) . ^ a b Anand, Amit (2021-06-30), Bhushan, Tripti (ed.), Skin Colour Bias:Understanding the Intersection of Media Representation and Advertising Ethics in India , India: Research Culture Society, pp. 23–29, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-81-951481-3-4 , retrieved 2023-01-19 ^ (#cite_ref-10) Mariam, Simra (2017-03-27). "Daring To Be Dark: Fighting Against Colorism In South Asian Cultures" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/daring-to-be-dark-fighting-against-colorism-in-south_us_58d98c5fe4b0e6062d923024) . Huffington Post . Retrieved 2019-01-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Lynne Eagle, Stephan Dahl. Marketing Ethics & Society (2015) 1473934028: "Advertisements in all the countries in which Fair & Lovely is sold show product users getting better jobs, getting married or having a brighter future (and being noticeably happier) as a result of their lighter skin." ^ (#cite_ref-12) Aneel Karnani. Fighting Poverty Together: Rethinking Strategies 0230120237 (2011), p. 101: "Hindustan Unilever Limited, Unilever's Indian subsidiary, claims Fair & Lovely is doing good by fulfilling a social need. HUL research says that '90 per cent of Indian women want to use whiteners because it is aspirational, like losing weight. A fair skin is like education, regarded as a social and economic step up.'" ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Kabhi Kabhi Pyar Mein - Pond's White Beauty" (https://vimeo.com/16649559) . Vimeo . Retrieved 2020-06-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Sidharth Balakrishna Case Studies in Marketing Pearson 2011, 8131757978 Case Study 1: Fair & Lovely p.5 "... responding to an advertisement in which the actor Saif Ali Khan prefers the fair-skinned starlet Neha Dhupia over Priyanka Chopra, known for her dusky, wheatish complexion." ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Kabhi Kabhi Pyar Mein - Pond's White Beauty" (https://vimeo.com/16649559) . Vimeo . Retrieved 2020-06-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Bagchi, Shrabonti. "The dark politics of fairness products in India," (https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/the-complicated-politics-of-fairness-products-in-india-11593065657252.html) LiveMint (25 Jun 2020). ^ (#cite_ref-17) Jain, Rupam, Charlotte Greenfield, and Siddharth Cavale. "Unilever's 'Fair & Lovely' to get makeover after backlash," (https://in.reuters.com/article/unilever-whitening-southasia/unilever-rivals-mull-changes-amid-global-backlash-against-skin-lightening-products-idINKBN23W0XE) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200625092914/https://in.reuters.com/article/unilever-whitening-southasia/unilever-rivals-mull-changes-amid-global-backlash-against-skin-lightening-products-idINKBN23W0XE) 2020-06-25 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Reuters (JUNE 25, 2020). ^ (#cite_ref-18) " (https://odishatv.in/nation/fair-to-be-axed-from-huls-fair-and-lovely-458765) 'Fair' To Be Axed From Hindustan Unilever Limited's Fair and Lovely" (https://odishatv.in/nation/fair-to-be-axed-from-huls-fair-and-lovely-458765) . odisha TV . Retrieved Jun 25, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "HUL Replaces Fair With Glow. People React With 'Glow & Lovely' Memes" (https://atrendhub.com/entertainment/hul-replaces-fair-with-glow-people-react-with-glow-lovely-memes/) . aTrendHub . 26 June 2020 . Retrieved Jun 26, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Unilever evolves skin care portfolio to embrace a more inclusive vision of beauty" (https://www.unilever.com/news/press-releases/2020/unilever-evolves-skin-care-portfolio-to-embrace-a-more-inclusive-vision-of-beauty.html) . unilever.com . Retrieved 10 March 2021 . ^ a b "Unilever Will Drop the Word 'Fair' From its Skin-Lightening Creams. Experts Say It Does Not Combat Colorism" (https://time.com/5860313/unilever-fair-and-lovely-name-change-colorism/) . Time . Retrieved 2023-02-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) McEvoy, Jemima. "Critics Slam Unilever Rebrand Of 'Fair & Lovely' Skin Lightener As 'Glow & Lovely' (https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2020/07/02/critics-slam-unilever-rebrand-of-fair--lovely-skin-lightener-as-glow--lovely/) " (https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2020/07/02/critics-slam-unilever-rebrand-of-fair--lovely-skin-lightener-as-glow--lovely/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2023-02-04 . 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Canadian fashion illustrator and painter Frederick Watson Born Frederick John Watson 1935 Barrie (/wiki/Barrie) , Ontario, Canada Died December 2017 Canada Known for Fashion illustrator Movement Modern art Frederick John Watson was a Canadian fashion illustrator (/wiki/Fashion_illustration) and painter from Barrie (/wiki/Barrie) , Ontario. He is best known for his international paintings of women, fashion illustrations and theater and Art Deco posters. He has also created a fine art print (/wiki/Printmaking) collection of stylized women reminiscent of the Art Deco (/wiki/Art_Deco) style. [1] (#cite_note-1) The start of inspiration for his work came from a woman he saw on Madison Avenue (/wiki/Madison_Avenue) in New York City, wearing black, high heels, a diamond brooch, and carrying an umbrella. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Biography [ edit ] Frederick Watson was born to a farm family in Barrie, Ontario. His father worked in the air force as a pilot and not around much. After moving to Toronto (/wiki/Toronto) in his early 20's, before becoming an illustrator, he worked at Simpsons (/wiki/Simpsons_(department_store)) for five years. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) One morning, a mysteriously dressed woman came in with an open portfolio and checked in her coat before going shopping (/wiki/Shopping) . From the contents of that portfolio, his love for fashion was born. Watson's first official show was the Alexander gallery in New York City. His style was heavily impacted by years of studying the design of art deco and marketing illustration materials. His pencil work was first recognized in magazines such as theatrical and glamour posters (/wiki/Poster) , which went on to become valued collector's items on the Toronto art scene. [3] (#cite_note-3) He was an actor for a while but ended up deciding it wasn't for him. He also took up tap dancing (/wiki/Tap_dance) for the Fred Astaire (/wiki/Fred_Astaire) company in Toronto but ultimately went back to his passion of fashion drawing. Watson drew mice for a Christmas ad which would go on to be his first project. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) His mother's red hair may have been a precursor to his art career and served as an inspiration for many of his artworks (/wiki/Work_of_art) . Watson found inspiration and beauty in the rarest of places. From toe dancing at Eaton's (/wiki/Eaton_Centre) Auditorium (/wiki/Auditorium) ( The Carlu (/wiki/The_Carlu) ) in Toronto, to horseback riding (/wiki/Equestrianism) , to his Canadian hometown to performing at Museum theatre Harlequin in Toronto; no matter what he was doing, he always knew that inside he was an artist. His mentor, Jean Miller, illustrator for the Robert Simpson Co (/wiki/Simpsons_(department_store)) ., is who he credits for getting him started in fashion illustrations in 1957. Frederick Watson was a man with an eye for beauty and the ability to transport all of his viewers into a world of glamour and style (/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)) . In the words of Frederick himself, "Elegance is timeless". [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) His mentor, Jean Miller, illustrator for the Robert Simpson Co., who he credited for getting him started in fashion illustrations in 1957. Watson's pieces begin with a face either from a reference, his imagination or both. He started painting for himself and people seemed to have loved the results. He painted everyday and was always looking out for image that inspired him. These images were mostly found in books (/wiki/Book) he owned and various magazines containing photos and illustrations from his favorite fashion era. When Watson was 76 he did nothing but paint and didn't want to illustrate anymore. At that time in his life he did not want to worry about the pressures of deadlines. [2] (#cite_note-:2-2) Social Impact [ edit ] Watson was invited as a guest on numerous television and radio shows and has been interviewed in major newspapers and columns in the Toronto Star (/wiki/Toronto_Star) , the Globe and Mail, Bravo (/wiki/Bravo_(magazine)) , US Magazine (/wiki/US_Weekly) along with many other journals. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) He has done volunteer work at several HIV/AIDS|AIDS fundraiser (/wiki/Fundraising) events. Frederick's prints have not only been in newspapers but he has also contributed limited edition prints for jewelry (/wiki/Jewellery) companies, cruise ships (/wiki/Cruise_ship) and luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_goods) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Watson's work has also appeared in several paramount shows (/wiki/Paramount_Pictures) in New York City and Toronto. The core of his art celebrates the beauty of women from all over. [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) Fashion journalist (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) and Canadian television personality Jeanne Baker had known Watson for almost two decades (/wiki/Decade) and collaborated with him at several fashion events. She was first attracted to his work because of the history and fashion illustration aspects. She now owns several of his paintings that are displayed throughout her home. [8] (#cite_note-:3-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Engagement –" (https://frederickfineart.ca/product/engagement/) . Frederick Fine Art . 2022 . Retrieved 9 March 2022 . ^ a b c d Ostapets, Katia (22 May 2012). "Frederick Watson – painting fashion and glamour" (https://www.fajomagazine.com/exclusives/frederick-watson) . FAJO magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Pro-Files magazine, Frederick Watson . Uniondale, new York: Worldwide publishing ink. p. 41. ^ (#cite_ref-:1_4-0) "Frederick Watson" . by Priscilla Schultz. 2017. p. 11. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Houser, Ed (writer) (30 March 1998). "Frederick John Watson – Fashion Illustrator". Discover the Glamorous Women of Toronto Artist and Illustrator Frederick John Watson . Online website: E.C.Houser (/w/index.php?title=E.C.Houser&action=edit&redlink=1) : 1 – via <edhouser@globalserve.net>. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Amos, Sean (2016). ARABELLA,, Canadian Art, Architecture and Design . Debra usher. p. 327. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Worldwide publishing . Uniondale, NY. 2014. p. 435. {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b Kelly, Susan (20 November 2015). "An artist's glamorous gig" (https://athomeincanada.ca/art/an-artists-glamorous-gig/) . Home in Canada . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://fineartamerica.com/profiles/frederick-watson) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐pk95p Cached time: 20240721174333 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.349 seconds Real time usage: 0.485 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2047/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16561/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1407/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30143/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.244/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5832192/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 449.123 1 -total 39.75% 178.534 1 Template:Reflist 29.27% 131.450 1 Template:Infobox_artist 27.59% 123.922 3 Template:Cite_web 15.09% 67.769 1 Template:Short_description 12.16% 54.592 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 9.45% 42.428 2 Template:Pagetype 7.59% 34.096 19 Template:Main_other 5.10% 22.927 4 Template:Cite_book 4.97% 22.306 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70251702-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721174333 and revision id 1129187535. 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English fashion model Alexina Graham Graham in 2019 Born Alexina Lorna Graham ( 1990-03-03 ) 3 March 1990 (age 34) Worksop, Nottinghamshire (/wiki/Worksop) , England (/wiki/England) Occupation Model Modelling information Height 1.82 m (5 ft 11 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) [1] (#cite_note-1) Hair colour Red (/wiki/Red_hair) [2] (#cite_note-Women-2) Eye colour Green (/wiki/Eye_color#Green) [2] (#cite_note-Women-2) Agency Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (New York, Paris, Amsterdam, Copenhagen) Women Management (/wiki/Women_Management) (Milan) Models 1 (London) Munich Models (/wiki/Munich_Models) (Munich) MIKAs (Stockholm) [3] (#cite_note-3) Alexina Lorna Graham [4] (#cite_note-4) (born 3 March 1990) is an English fashion model. Graham began working with Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) after walking in the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2017 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2017) . She became a Victoria's Secret Angel (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret#Victoria's_Secret_Angels) in 2019, and is the first redhead (/wiki/Red_hair) to ever become an Angel. Graham is also a brand ambassador for L'Oréal Paris (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Early life [ edit ] Graham was born in Worksop, Nottinghamshire (/wiki/Worksop) . Her parents split up when she was three, and she later grew up between their homes in Worksop and Wakefield (/wiki/Wakefield) . Graham attended Valley Comprehensive School and pursued studies in midwifery (/wiki/Midwifery) , before leaving to pursue modelling. [8] (#cite_note-8) She trained in ballet (/wiki/Ballet) for 12 years, and was also bullied (/wiki/Bullied) in school as a child for her red hair. [9] (#cite_note-glamour-9) Career [ edit ] She began her modelling career in 2008, when she was one of the winners of the 2008 Ford modeling competition, won a beauty contract with Maybelline (/wiki/Maybelline) [10] (#cite_note-10) and shot an editorial for Another Magazine (/wiki/Another_Magazine) . Alexina appeared in editorials for I.D. , Glamour U.S., Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) , [11] (#cite_note-11) L’Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) Singapore, Harper's Bazaar Serbia, Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) Russia, InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) , [12] (#cite_note-12) WWD , [13] (#cite_note-13) Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) and Vogue Arabia (/wiki/Vogue_Arabia) , as well as in campaigns for Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) , [14] (#cite_note-14) Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) , L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) and Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) . She has walked the runway for Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) , [15] (#cite_note-15) Emporio Armani (/wiki/Emporio_Armani) , [16] (#cite_note-16) Brandon Maxwell (/wiki/Brandon_Maxwell) , Etam (/wiki/Arcadia_Group) , [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) and Jean-Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier) . [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2017, she walked for Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2017 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2017) . [21] (#cite_note-21) She walked for the second time in the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2018 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2018) . [22] (#cite_note-22) Graham became a Victoria's Secret Angel in 2019. [9] (#cite_note-glamour-9) In 2022, Graham founded the fashion brand XINA NYC. The company donate 5% of their profits to mental health charities, including to Beder UK which Graham is an ambassador for. [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Alexina graham - Models 1 | Europe's Leading Model Agency" (https://www.models1.co.uk/women/image/1899-alexina-graham/) . Models 1 . Retrieved 24 November 2023 . ^ a b "ALEXINA GRAHAM - Women Management" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180317034303/http://www.womenmanagement.com/model/2184/alexina-graham/) . Women Management (/wiki/Women_Management) . Archived from the original (http://www.womenmanagement.com/model/2184/alexina-graham/) on 17 March 2018 . Retrieved 16 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Alexina Graham - Model" (https://models.com/models/alexina-graham) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Find My Past" (https://www.findmypast.co.uk/search/results?o=eventyear&d=asc&datasetname=england%20%26%20wales%20births%201837-2006&eventyear=1990&eventyear_offset=1&firstname=alexina&lastname=graham) . www.findmypast.com . Retrieved 15 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Hutchinson, Emily (22 November 2017). "Nottingham woman's jaw-dropping tactic to get job as a Victoria's Secret model" (http://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/nottingham-woman-reveals-jaw-dropping-816295) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Meet The Victoria's Secret Model Who Went All Levels of Extra To Get Angel Status" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171123002616/http://www.instyle.co.uk/fashion/runway/alexina-graham-interview-victorias-secret-angel-2017) . Archived from the original (http://www.instyle.co.uk/fashion/runway/alexina-graham-interview-victorias-secret-angel-2017) on 23 November 2017 . Retrieved 13 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Newbold, Alice (25 August 2017). "Victoria's Secret Casting Directors On The New Models To Watch" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/victorias-secret-2017-show-models-to-watch) . www.vogue.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Alexina Graham" (https://www.5elevenmag.com/post/alexina-graham) . 5eleven Magazine. 18 November 2020 . Retrieved 11 April 2023 . ^ a b Newis-Smith, Josh (21 March 2019). " (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/alexina-graham-victorias-secret) 'This is for my bullies!' We exclusively meet Victoria's Secret's first red-haired angel, Alexina Graham" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/alexina-graham-victorias-secret) . Glamour Magazine. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "A Quick Backstage Chit-Chat with Burberry It-Girl Alexina Graham" (http://www.papermag.com/a-quick-backstage-chit-chat-with-burberry-it-girl-alexina-graham-1425524467.html) . 17 February 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Little Ladies (Teen Vogue)" (https://models.com/work/teen-vogue-jeneil-in-teen-vogue) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "How Brandon Maxwell Overcame His Insecurities and Conquered Fashion" (http://www.instyle.com/fashion/brandon-maxwell-designer-profile) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Tutton, Robert (9 December 2015). " (http://wwd.com/wwd-publications/wwd/2015-12-09-10292500/) 'Tis the Season!" (http://wwd.com/wwd-publications/wwd/2015-12-09-10292500/) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Burberry unveil spring summer 2009 advertising campaign images - Fashion Galleries - Telegraph" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180529130214/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/galleries/TMG3703446/Burberry-unveil-spring-summer-2009-advertising-campaign-images.html) . fashion.telegraph.co.uk . Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/galleries/TMG3703446/Burberry-unveil-spring-summer-2009-advertising-campaign-images.html) on 29 May 2018 . Retrieved 25 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "23 of the Most Naughty and Nice Looks from the 2017 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show" (https://www.brit.co/victorias-secret-2017-fashion-show/) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Vavilov, Daniil (30 September 2017). "Alexina Graham opened Emporio Armani show in London - ESKIMO Model Management" (http://eskimo.fr/blog/alexina-graham-opened-emporio-armani-show-london) . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Etam F/W 13 Show (Etam)" (https://models.com/work/etam-etam-fw-13-show) . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Etam F/W 14 Show (Etam)" (https://models.com/work/etam-etam-fw-14-show) . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Etam F/W 15 Show (Etam)" (https://models.com/work/etam-etam-fw-15-show) . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Jean Paul Gaultier — #JPGDINNER" (https://www.jeanpaulgaultier.com/en-us/spectacles/jpgdinner/) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Runway To Heaven: Find Out Who's Walking In The 2017 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show" (https://www.cbs.com/shows/victorias_secret/news/sme/591/runway-to-heaven-find-out-who-s-walking-in-the-2017-victoria-s-secret-fashion-show/7205/alexina-graham/) . CBS . Retrieved 28 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Logan, Elizabeth. "All the Models Confirmed For the Victoria's Secret Show (So Far)" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/victorias-secret-fashion-show-2018-models-confirmed-winnie-harlow-barbara-palvin) . W Magazine . Retrieved 10 September 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Alexina Graham Profile" (https://www.models1.co.uk/women/image/1899-alexina-graham/) . models1 . Retrieved 11 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Our Mission XINA NYC" (https://web.archive.org/web/20230416201305/https://www.xinanyc.com/our-mission) . XINA NYC. Archived from the original (https://www.xinanyc.com/our-mission) on 16 April 2023 . Retrieved 11 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Supporters" (https://beder.org.uk/supporters/) . BederUK . Retrieved 11 April 2023 . External links [ edit ] Alexina Graham (https://www.instagram.com/alexinagraham/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Alexina Graham (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/alexina_graham/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) v t e Victoria's Secret Angels (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret#Victoria's_Secret_Angels) Former Angels Lily Aldridge (/wiki/Lily_Aldridge) Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) Leomie Anderson (/wiki/Leomie_Anderson) Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) Laetitia Casta (/wiki/Laetitia_Casta) Helena Christensen (/wiki/Helena_Christensen) Selita Ebanks (/wiki/Selita_Ebanks) Grace Elizabeth (/wiki/Grace_Elizabeth) Lindsay Ellingson (/wiki/Lindsay_Ellingson) Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) Alexina Graham Kate Grigorieva (/wiki/Kate_Grigorieva) Erin Heatherton (/wiki/Erin_Heatherton) Taylor Hill (/wiki/Taylor_Hill_(model)) Elsa Hosk (/wiki/Elsa_Hosk) Martha Hunt (/wiki/Martha_Hunt) Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (/wiki/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley) Chanel Iman (/wiki/Chanel_Iman) Jac Jagaciak (/wiki/Jac_Jagaciak) Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Doutzen Kroes (/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes) Karolína Kurková (/wiki/Karol%C3%ADna_Kurkov%C3%A1) Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) Stella Maxwell (/wiki/Stella_Maxwell) Marisa Miller (/wiki/Marisa_Miller) Karen Mulder (/wiki/Karen_Mulder) Chandra North (/wiki/Chandra_North) Barbara Palvin (/wiki/Barbara_Palvin) Daniela Peštová (/wiki/Daniela_Pe%C5%A1tov%C3%A1) Behati Prinsloo (/wiki/Behati_Prinsloo) Lais Ribeiro (/wiki/Lais_Ribeiro) Inés Rivero (/wiki/In%C3%A9s_Rivero) Sara Sampaio (/wiki/Sara_Sampaio) Stephanie Seymour (/wiki/Stephanie_Seymour) Josephine Skriver (/wiki/Josephine_Skriver) Romee Strijd (/wiki/Romee_Strijd) Candice Swanepoel (/wiki/Candice_Swanepoel) Jasmine Tookes (/wiki/Jasmine_Tookes) Related articles Edward Razek (/wiki/Edward_Razek) Limited Brands (/wiki/L_Brands) List of Victoria's Secret models (/wiki/List_of_Victoria%27s_Secret_models) PINK (/wiki/Pink_(Victoria%27s_Secret)) Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) Victoria's Secret Swim Special (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Swim_Special) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5d7979cbdd‐rc484 Cached time: 20240715234719 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.537 seconds Real time usage: 0.722 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3604/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 58223/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4730/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 99641/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.375/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 10170516/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 671.153 1 -total 37.19% 249.596 1 Template:Infobox_model 28.69% 192.569 1 Template:Reflist 23.06% 154.798 22 Template:Cite_web 12.56% 84.265 1 Template:Short_description 12.53% 84.112 1 Template:Victoria's_Secret_Angels 12.22% 82.019 1 Template:Navbox 7.16% 48.063 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 6.85% 45.980 2 Template:Pagetype 6.54% 43.894 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55865824-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715234719 and revision id 1234751800. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexina_Graham&oldid=1234751800 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexina_Graham&oldid=1234751800) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1990 births (/wiki/Category:1990_births) English female models (/wiki/Category:English_female_models) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) People from Worksop (/wiki/Category:People_from_Worksop) Victoria's Secret Angels (/wiki/Category:Victoria%27s_Secret_Angels) Elite Model Management models (/wiki/Category:Elite_Model_Management_models) Models from Nottinghamshire (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Nottinghamshire) Models from Wakefield (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Wakefield) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from March 2019 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2019) EngvarB from November 2017 (/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_November_2017) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards)
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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Pakistan portal (/wiki/Portal:Pakistan) Punjab portal (/wiki/Portal:Punjab) See also: Category:Models from Punjab, India (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Punjab,_India) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐r29pb Cached time: 20240714095546 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.071 seconds Real time usage: 0.100 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 48/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2364/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1367/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.038/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 931436/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 82.457 1 -total 69.26% 57.107 1 Template:Portal 30.54% 25.183 1 Template:Cat_see_also 9.38% 7.736 1 Template:Category_see_also/Category_pair_check Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:54428046-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714095546 and revision id 1184499482. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. + Female models from Punjab, Pakistan (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_Punjab,_Pakistan) (7 P) Pages in category "Models from Punjab, Pakistan" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Jia Ali (/wiki/Jia_Ali) G Shehla Gill (/wiki/Shehla_Gill) N Nimmo (actress) (/wiki/Nimmo_(actress)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_from_Punjab,_Pakistan&oldid=1184499482 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_from_Punjab,_Pakistan&oldid=1184499482) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Pakistani models (/wiki/Category:Pakistani_models) People from Punjab, Pakistan by occupation (/wiki/Category:People_from_Punjab,_Pakistan_by_occupation)
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Golo Footwear Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion_industry) Founded 1915 ; 109 years ago ( 1915 ) in Dunmore, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Dunmore,_Pennsylvania) , U.S. Founder Adolf Heilbrunn Headquarters Dunmore, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Dunmore,_Pennsylvania) , U.S. Products Shoes (/wiki/Shoe) Golo Footwear is a fashion company that was established in 1915 by the German (/wiki/Germans) immigrant Adolf Heilbrunn. History [ edit ] The company initially designed and manufactured slippers in Dunmore, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Dunmore,_Pennsylvania) , and was known for experimenting with materials not traditionally used in footwear, such as cork, stretch fabrics, Gore-Tex (/wiki/Gore-Tex) for rainboots, [1] (#cite_note-1) and clear lucite sandal wedges. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2006, there were 22 different examples of Golo boots, shoes, and sandals in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) , including an over-the-knee boot made of different-colored patent leather zip-on layers, [3] (#cite_note-3) stretch patent leather boots designed for Jacques Tiffeau in 1967, and the denim platform boots designed by Leila Larmon and Stephen Bruce. [4] (#cite_note-4) Golo is probably best recognized for the invention of the go-go boot (/wiki/Go-go_boot) in 1964, [5] (#cite_note-5) which was worn by Barbra Streisand and photographed by Richard Avedon (/wiki/Richard_Avedon) in the August 1965 issue of Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . The Golo brand was bought by Dennis Comeau (/wiki/Dennis_Comeau) and relaunched in 2013. [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Footwear News , May 26, 2003 ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Shoes walk tall this spring". Evelyn Livingstone; Chicago Tribune ; Jan 14, 1977 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Boots" (http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/115756?rpp=40&pg=1&ft=*&who=Golo+Footwear+Corporation&pos=22) . The Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 2014-03-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Fashion: the twentieth century . François Baudot. Universe, 2006. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0789313979 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0789313979) , 9780789313973 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Nostalgia in Vogue by Eve MacSweeny, 2000 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Footwear News", AUG 19, 2013 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐b7d4d997‐5qjpz Cached time: 20240701044656 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.205 seconds Real time usage: 0.361 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1415/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7670/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 801/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10178/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.124/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3308025/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 346.993 1 -total 61.33% 212.828 1 Template:Infobox_company 56.08% 194.601 1 Template:Infobox 37.65% 130.660 1 Template:Reflist 25.61% 88.848 1 Template:Cite_web 7.81% 27.097 1 Template:ISBN 3.00% 10.398 1 Template:Comma_separated_entries 2.44% 8.458 1 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 2.27% 7.867 1 Template:Start_date_and_age 0.85% 2.951 5 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40030738-0!canonical and timestamp 20240701044656 and revision id 1204407319. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golo_Footwear&oldid=1204407319 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golo_Footwear&oldid=1204407319) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Footwear (/wiki/Category:Footwear) Shoe companies of the United States (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies_of_the_United_States) American companies established in 1915 (/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_1915) 1915 establishments in Pennsylvania (/wiki/Category:1915_establishments_in_Pennsylvania)
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List of current and former clothing companies based in Portland, Oregon, U.S. This list is incomplete (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists) ; you can help by adding missing items (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_clothing_companies_in_Portland,_Oregon&action=edit) . ( February 2017 ) This list is based upon notable clothing and footwear companies that originated in Portland, Oregon (/wiki/Portland,_Oregon) . Current [ edit ] Columbia's flagship store in downtown Portland, Oregon (/wiki/Portland,_Oregon) Nike World Headquarters (/wiki/Nike_World_Headquarters) near Beaverton, Oregon Columbia Sportswear (/wiki/Columbia_Sportswear) Grenade Gloves (/wiki/Grenade_Gloves) Keen (shoe company) (/wiki/Keen_(shoe_company)) LaCrosse Footwear (/wiki/LaCrosse_Footwear) Nau (clothing retailer) (/wiki/Nau_(clothing_retailer)) Nike, Inc. (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) Pendleton Woolen Mills (/wiki/Pendleton_Woolen_Mills) Sock It To Me (clothing company) (/wiki/Sock_It_To_Me_(clothing_company)) Hanna Andersson (/wiki/Hanna_Andersson) Bridge & Burn (/w/index.php?title=Bridge_%26_Burn&action=edit&redlink=1) Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon) Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) Former [ edit ] Lucy Activewear (/wiki/Lucy_Activewear) Holden Outerwear (/wiki/Holden_Outerwear) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5486b6fcc7‐52slg Cached time: 20240628141138 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.091 seconds Real time usage: 0.145 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 317/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4963/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1054/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1653/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.046/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1391324/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 122.830 1 -total 57.25% 70.320 1 Template:Short_description 42.66% 52.394 1 Template:Incomplete_list 32.32% 39.697 2 Template:Pagetype 28.21% 34.646 3 Template:Main_other 25.34% 31.129 1 Template:Ambox 14.36% 17.640 1 Template:SDcat 12.14% 14.907 1 Template:TDMCA 9.00% 11.054 1 Template:DMCA 6.82% 8.377 1 Template:Dated_maintenance_category Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:67623998-0!canonical and timestamp 20240628141138 and revision id 1231478228. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_clothing_companies_in_Portland,_Oregon&oldid=1231478228 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_clothing_companies_in_Portland,_Oregon&oldid=1231478228) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Portland, Oregon-related lists (/wiki/Category:Portland,_Oregon-related_lists) Companies based in Portland, Oregon (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Portland,_Oregon) Clothing-related lists (/wiki/Category:Clothing-related_lists) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles using small message boxes (/wiki/Category:Articles_using_small_message_boxes) Incomplete lists from February 2017 (/wiki/Category:Incomplete_lists_from_February_2017)
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Indonesian G20 Ambassador, actress, fashion model and Miss Supranational Indonesia 2022 In this article, the surname (/wiki/Surname) is Cresheilla, her Javanese (/wiki/Javanese_name) matronymic surname (/wiki/Matronymic_surname) . Adinda Cresheilla Adinda as the G20 Ambassador (/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_summit) in Merdeka Palace (/wiki/Merdeka_Palace) on 31 May 2022 Born ( 1998-01-29 ) 29 January 1998 (age 26) Surabaya (/wiki/Surabaya) , East Java (/wiki/East_Java) , Indonesia Alma mater Deakin University (/wiki/Deakin_University) ( BA in Communication (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts) ) University of Indonesia (/wiki/University_of_Indonesia) ( BSS in Social Science (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Social_Science) ) Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) titleholder Title Puteri Indonesia Jawa Timur 2022 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Jawa_Timur) Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) Miss Supranational Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) Hair color Black [ citation needed ] Eye color Brown [ citation needed ] Major competition(s) Puteri Jawa Timur 2022 (Winner) Puteri Indonesia 2022 ( Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Pariwisata) ) (Miss Intelligence) Miss Supranational 2022 (3rd Runner-Up) (Miss Supra Chat) Signature Adinda Cresheilla (born 29 January 1998) is an Indonesian model, actress, 2022 G20 Ambassador (/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_summit) , and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) . [1] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(5)-1) [2] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(6)-2) She is the first representative from East Java (/wiki/East_Java) to be crowned Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Pariwisata) . She represented Indonesia at Miss Supranational 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) in Poland where she placed as the 3rd Runner-up. [3] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-1-3) [4] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-2-4) Early life and education [ edit ] Adinda Cresheilla was born on 29 January 1998 [5] (#cite_note-Biography-1-5) in Surabaya (/wiki/Surabaya) , East Java (/wiki/East_Java) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) to a native Minahasan (/wiki/Minahasa) mother, Emma Sugiyono, and a Javanese (/wiki/Javanese_people) father, Dodock Credenda Handogo. [6] (#cite_note-Biography-2-6) [7] (#cite_note-Biography-3-7) [8] (#cite_note-Biography-4-8) Her father and older brother are Extreme E (/wiki/Extreme_E) kart racers (/wiki/Kart_racing) . [6] (#cite_note-Biography-2-6) [7] (#cite_note-Biography-3-7) She completed her double degree (/wiki/Double_degree) program of Bachelor of Social Science (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Social_Science) from University of Indonesia (/wiki/University_of_Indonesia) and received a full scholarship in Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Communication (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts) from Deakin University (/wiki/Deakin_University) , Australia. [6] (#cite_note-Biography-2-6) [7] (#cite_note-Biography-3-7) She graduated with summa cum-laude (/wiki/Latin_honors) and became a valedictorian (/wiki/Valedictorian) . [5] (#cite_note-Biography-1-5) [8] (#cite_note-Biography-4-8) Career [ edit ] Cresheilla visiting the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (/wiki/National_Agency_of_Drug_and_Food_Control) on 25 May 2022. Cresheilla gained recognition as a model after being selected as a finalist for Wajah Femina (/wiki/Femina_(Indonesia)) and Gadis Sampul (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadis_Sampul) in 2016. [9] (#cite_note-Modelling-1-9) Since then she appeared in Femina Magazine (/wiki/Femina_(Indonesia)) , Gadis Sampul (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadis_Sampul) , Cosmopolitan Indonesia (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , and Robb Report Singapore (/wiki/Robb_Report) . [10] (#cite_note-Modelling-2-10) [11] (#cite_note-Modelling-3-11) On 31 May 2022, together with Puteri Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) winners, Laksmi Shari De-Neefe Suardana (/wiki/Laksmi_De-Neefe_Suardana) and Cindy May McGuire (/wiki/Cindy_May_McGuire) , Cresheilla was appointed as the 2022 G20 Ambassador (/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_summit) by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Joko Widodo (/wiki/Joko_Widodo) , at the Merdeka Palace (/wiki/Merdeka_Palace) , as part of the Indonesian presidency at the upcoming seventeenth meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20) (/wiki/G20) in Bali (/wiki/Bali) . [12] (#cite_note-G20_Ambassador-1-12) [13] (#cite_note-G20_Ambassador-2-13) [14] (#cite_note-G20_Ambassador-3-14) Pageantry [ edit ] Cresheilla (left) together with Puteri Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) winners and Miss Universe 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2021) , Harnaaz Sandhu (/wiki/Harnaaz_Sandhu) , visiting Merdeka Palace (/wiki/Merdeka_Palace) on 31 May 2022. Puteri Jawa Timur 2015 [ edit ] Cresheilla joined the world of pageantry after she was recommended by Puteri Indonesia 2014 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2014) , Elvira Devinamira Wirayanti (/wiki/Elvira_Devinamira) , to join Puteri Jawa Timur 2015 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Jawa_Timur) , but she failed to win the title. [15] (#cite_note-Puteri_Jawa_Timur-1-15) [16] (#cite_note-Puteri_Jawa_Timur-2-16) [17] (#cite_note-Puteri_Jawa_Timur-3-17) Puteri Jawa Timur 2022 [ edit ] After a seven year break, Cresheilla participated in Puteri Jawa Timur 2022 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Jawa_Timur) , winning the title and right to represent Jawa Timur (/wiki/Jawa_Timur) in the national pageant. [18] (#cite_note-Puteri_Jawa_Timur-4-18) [19] (#cite_note-Puteri_Jawa_Timur-5-19) [20] (#cite_note-Puteri_Jawa_Timur-6-20) Puteri Indonesia 2022 [ edit ] Cresheilla (right) together with Puteri Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) winners and Miss Universe 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Universe_2021) , Harnaaz Sandhu (/wiki/Harnaaz_Sandhu) , received a warm welcome from the President of The Republic of Indonesia, Joko Widodo (/wiki/Joko_Widodo) on 31 May 2022. As the winner of Puteri Jawa Timur 2022 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Jawa_Timur) , Cresheilla represented East Java (/wiki/East_Java) at Puteri Indonesia 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) , at the Jakarta Convention Center (/wiki/Jakarta_Convention_Center) , Jakarta (/wiki/Jakarta) , Indonesia, on 27 May 2022. [21] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(1)-21) [22] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(2)-22) She was selected as one of the top 10 in the "Personal Branding and Advocacy Challenge" and one of the three winners of "Miss Intelligence", where she received a master's degree scholarship from the IPMI International business school (/wiki/IPMI_International_business_school) . [23] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(3)-23) [24] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(4)-24) During the finale, Cresheilla was asked by Putri Kuswisnuwardhani (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putri_Kuswisnuwardhani) whether she has any experiences that she would like to change. She answered: I would not change any second in my life because that what keeps me here. And that is what, the challenges, the obstacles, every of those, it would give me every learning to get me standing in this stage tonight. And I am very grateful for each and every obstacles and challenges that I have been doing in my life and I am fully grateful for all of that and I won't change anything and I would do any better for the future. Thank you. [25] (#cite_note-25) At the end of the event, Cresheilla was crowned as Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) by the outgoing titleholder, Jihane Almira Chedid (/wiki/Jihane_Almira_Chedid) of Central Java (/wiki/Central_Java) . [1] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(5)-1) [2] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(6)-2) Cresheilla was crowned along with her fellow Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) Queens; Laksmi Shari De-Neefe Suardana (/wiki/Laksmi_De-Neefe_Suardana) and Cindy May McGuire (/wiki/Cindy_May_McGuire) . [26] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(7)-26) [27] (#cite_note-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(8)-27) Miss Supranational 2022 [ edit ] As the winner of Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) , Cresheilla represented Indonesia at Miss Supranational 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) at the Strzelecki Park Amphitheater in Nowy Sącz (/wiki/Nowy_S%C4%85cz) , Małopolska (/wiki/Ma%C5%82opolska) , Poland on 15 July 2022. [3] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-1-3) [4] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-2-4) [28] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-3-28) [29] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-4-29) During the pageant, Cresheilla won the special award of Miss Supra Chat , together with Nguyễn Huỳnh Kim Duyên (/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_Kim_Duy%C3%AAn) of Vietnam. [30] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-5-30) [31] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-6-31) At the end of the event, Cresheilla was crowned as the 3rd Runner-up. [32] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-7-32) [33] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-8-33) It was Indonesia's seventh consecutive placement and the fourth time in the top 5 after 2013 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2013) , 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2018) , and 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2019) . [34] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-9-34) [35] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-10-35) [36] (#cite_note-Miss_Supranational_2022-11-36) Filmography [ edit ] Cresheilla began her acting career in the comedy (/wiki/Comedy_film) -romance film titled Jomblo (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jomblo_(film)) , directed by Setiawan Hanung Bramantyo (/wiki/Hanung_Bramantyo) and produced by SinemArt in 2006. [37] (#cite_note-Filmography-1-37) [38] (#cite_note-Filmography-2-38) On her debut film, Cresheilla was paired with mega-stars Christian Sugiono (/wiki/Christian_Sugiono) , Rianti Cartwright (/wiki/Rianti_Cartwright) and Nadia Saphira (/wiki/Nadia_Saphira) . [39] (#cite_note-Filmography-3-39) In 2020, She also joined the Top Model (/wiki/Top_Model) competition, on the Season 1 (/wiki/Indonesia%27s_Next_Top_Model_(season_1)) of Indonesia's Next Top Model (/wiki/Indonesia%27s_Next_Top_Model) , where she finished as the semi-finalist. [40] (#cite_note-Filmography-4-40) [41] (#cite_note-Filmography-5-41) [42] (#cite_note-Filmography-6-42) Cinema films [ edit ] Year Title Role Genre Production Ref. 2006 Jomblo (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jomblo_(film)) as Dini comedy (/wiki/Comedy_film) -romance SinemArt [37] (#cite_note-Filmography-1-37) [38] (#cite_note-Filmography-2-38) [39] (#cite_note-Filmography-3-39) Reality shows [ edit ] Year Title Role Genre Production Ref. 2020-2021 Indonesia's Next Top Model (season 1) (/wiki/Indonesia%27s_Next_Top_Model_(season_1)) as semi-finalist modelling-reality show NET (Indonesian TV network) (/wiki/NET_(Indonesian_TV_network)) [40] (#cite_note-Filmography-4-40) [41] (#cite_note-Filmography-5-41) [42] (#cite_note-Filmography-6-42) References [ edit ] ^ a b Mohammad Naufal Ardiansyah (28 May 2022). "Adinda Cresheilla, Wakil Jawa Timur Peraih Runner-up 2 Puteri Indonesia 2022" (https://www.timesindonesia.co.id/read/news/411378/adinda-cresheilla-wakil-jawa-timur-peraih-runnerup-2-puteri-indonesia-2022) . Times of Indonesia (/wiki/Times_of_Indonesia) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ a b Nur Yasin (28 May 2022). "Biodata Lengkap Adinda Chresheilla, Puteri Indonesia 2022 Pariwisata: Instagram, Tinggi Badan, Umur" (https://mediablitar.pikiran-rakyat.com/hiburan/pr-324583049/biodata-lengkap-adinda-chresheilla-puteri-indonesia-2022-pariwisata-instagram-tinggi-badan-umur) . Pikiran Rakyat (/wiki/Pikiran_Rakyat) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ a b Risna Halidi (31 May 2022). "Yakin Bisa Menang, Ini Pesan 1st Runner Up Miss Supranational untuk Wakil Indonesia di Ajang Ratu Sejagat" (https://www.suara.com/lifestyle/2022/05/31/072000/yakin-bisa-menang-ini-pesan-1st-runner-up-miss-supranational-untuk-wakil-indonesia-di-ajang-ratu-sejagat) . Suara (/wiki/Suara_(newspaper)) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 31 May 2022 . ^ a b "Adinda Wakili Indonesia Miss Supranational 2022 di Polandia" (https://www.rctiplus.com/news/detail/seleb/2431498/adinda-wakili-indonesia-miss-supranational-2022-di-polandia) . RCTI (/wiki/RCTI) (in Indonesian). 28 May 2022 . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ a b "Profil Adinda Cresheilla, Runner Up II Putri Indonesia 2022 yang Menjadi Miss Supranational Indonesia 2022" (https://www.tvonenews.com/berita/nasional/43433-profil-adinda-cresheilla-runner-up-ii-putri-indonesia-2022-yang-menjadi-miss-supranational-indonesia-2022?page=1) . tvOne (/wiki/TvOne_(Indonesian_TV_network)) (in Indonesian). 28 May 2022 . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ a b c Ludvia Tria Fitriani (28 May 2022). "Siapa Sosok Adinda Cresheilla Miss Supranational Indonesia 2022 Ternyata Berdarah Campuran Indo-Belanda" (https://mediablitar.pikiran-rakyat.com/hiburan/pr-324583366/siapa-sosok-adinda-cresheilla-miss-supranational-indonesia-2022-ternyata-berdarah-campuran-indo-belanda) . Pikiran Rakyat (/wiki/Pikiran_Rakyat) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ a b c Trias Firdausi Aulia N. (28 May 2022). "Profil dan Biodata Adinda Cresheilla, Runner Up 2 Puteri Indonesia 2022, Wakil Terbaik dari Jatim" (https://kabarlumajang.pikiran-rakyat.com/hiburan/pr-424581518/profil-dan-biodata-adinda-cresheilla-runner-up-2-puteri-indonesia-2022-wakil-terbaik-dari-jatim?page=2) . Pikiran Rakyat (/wiki/Pikiran_Rakyat) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ a b Gryfid Talumedun (16 July 2022). "Sosok Adinda Cresheilla, Wakil Indonesia yang Raih Gelar 3rd Runner-up Miss Supranational 2022" (https://manado.tribunnews.com/2022/07/16/sosok-adinda-cresheilla-wakil-indonesia-yang-raih-gelar-3rd-runner-up-miss-supranational-2022?page=3) . Tribun Network (/wiki/Tribun_Network) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 16 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Modelling-1_9-0) Michael L. W. (17 July 2022). "Ini Profil Adinda Cresheilla Yang Raih Juara 3rd Runner-up Miss Supranational 2022" (https://kabarjoglosemar.pikiran-rakyat.com/hiburan/pr-735028024/ini-profil-adinda-cresheilla-yang-raih-juara-3rd-runner-up-miss-supranational-2022?page=2) . Pikiran Rakyat (/wiki/Pikiran_Rakyat) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 17 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Modelling-2_10-0) "Profil Adinda Cresheilla Runner Up 2 Puteri Indonesia 2022" (https://indonesiatoday.co.id/read/profil-adinda-cresheilla-runner-up-2-puteri-indonesia-2022-755404) . Indonesia Today (/wiki/Indonesia_Today) (in Indonesian). 30 May 2022 . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Modelling-3_11-0) Shintya Juliana Putri (5 October 2021). "Adinda Cresheilla, Melangkah ke "Catwalk" Putri Indonesia 2022" (https://www.getradius.id/news/31139-adinda-cresheilla-melangkah-ke-catwalk-putri-indonesia-2022) . Getradius.id (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-G20_Ambassador-1_12-0) "Presiden Jokowi Terima Kunjungan Puteri Indonesia 2022 dan Miss Universe 2021" (https://www.presidenri.go.id/siaran-pers/presiden-jokowi-terima-kunjungan-puteri-indonesia-2022-dan-miss-universe-2021/) . President of the Republic of Indonesia (/wiki/President_of_Indonesia) (in Indonesian). 30 May 2022 . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-G20_Ambassador-2_13-0) Gilang Galiartha (30 May 2022). "Presiden Jokowi libatkan Puteri Indonesia 2022 promosikan G20" (https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2909141/presiden-jokowi-libatkan-puteri-indonesia-2022-promosikan-g20) . Antara (/wiki/Antara_(news_agency)) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 30 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-G20_Ambassador-3_14-0) Dhimas Ginanjar (31 May 2022). "Presiden Jokowi Gandeng Para Puteri untuk G20" (https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/31/05/2022/presiden-jokowi-gandeng-para-puteri-untuk-g20/) . Jawa Pos (/wiki/Jawa_Pos) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 31 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Jawa_Timur-1_15-0) Arum Puspita (27 May 2022). "Biodata Adinda Cresheilla Wakil Jatim Ajang Puteri Indonesia 2022, Lahir di Surabaya & Karier Moncer" (https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2022/05/27/biodata-adinda-cresheilla-wakil-jatim-ajang-puteri-indonesia-2022-lahir-di-surabaya-karier-moncer) . Tribun Network (/wiki/Tribun_Network) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 27 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Jawa_Timur-2_16-0) Ahmad Zulfikar (4 January 2022). "Adinda Cresheilla, Gapai Impian yang Tertunda Selama 6 tahun" (https://www.pilar.id/adinda-cresheilla-gapai-impian-yang-tertunda-selama-6-tahun/) . Pilar.id (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 4 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Jawa_Timur-3_17-0) "Sosok Adinda Cresheilla, Gadis Surabaya 3rd Runner Up Miss Supranational 2022" (https://www.insertlive.com/style/20220717144128-19-284912/sosok-adinda-cresheilla-gadis-surabaya-3rd-runner-up-miss-supranational-2022/amp) . !nsertlive.com (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insert) (in Indonesian). 17 July 2022 . Retrieved 17 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Jawa_Timur-4_18-0) "Ikuti Putri Pariwisata Dunia, Puteri Jatim Adinda Cresheilla Mohon Restu Gubernur Khofifah" (https://kominfo.jatimprov.go.id/berita/ikuti-putri-pariwisata-dunia-puteri-jatim-adinda-cresheilla-mohon-restu-gubernur-khofifah) . Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Indonesia) (/wiki/Ministry_of_Communication_and_Information_Technology_(Indonesia)) (in Indonesian). 8 June 2022 . Retrieved 8 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Jawa_Timur-5_19-0) Berkat Prima (11 January 2022). "10 Fakta Menarik Adinda Cresheilla, Puteri Indonesia Jawa Timur 2022" (https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/berkat-prima/fakta-menarik-adinda-cresheilla-puteri-indonesia-jawa-timur-2022-c1c2/10) . Times of Indonesia (/wiki/Times_of_Indonesia) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 11 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Jawa_Timur-6_20-0) Nisa Hidayat (27 May 2022). "Profil Adinda Cresheilla, Puteri Indonesia Jawa Timur 2022, Si Manis Paket Komplit yang Menawan Hati" (https://kedu.pikiran-rakyat.com/seleb/pr-2384580586/profil-adinda-cresheilla-puteri-indonesia-jawa-timur-2022-si-manis-paket-komplit-yang-menawan-hati) . Times of Indonesia (/wiki/Times_of_Indonesia) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 27 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(1)_21-0) Zainuddin (4 October 2021). "Sosok Adinda Cresheilla, Cewek Asal Kota Malang yang Jadi Wakil Jatim di Ajang Puteri Indonesia 2022" (https://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2021/10/04/sosok-adinda-cresheilla-cewek-asal-kota-malang-yang-jadi-wakil-jatim-di-ajang-puteri-indonesia-2022?page=all) . Tribun Network (/wiki/Tribun_Network) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 4 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(2)_22-0) Lely Yuana (2 October 2021). "Adinda Cresheilla, Gadis Kota Malang Wakili Jatim di Ajang Puteri Indonesia 2022" (https://www.timesindonesia.co.id/read/news/373628/adinda-cresheilla-gadis-kota-malang-wakili-jatim-di-ajang-puteri-indonesia-2022) . Times of Indonesia (/wiki/Times_of_Indonesia) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 2 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(3)_23-0) "IPMI Kembali Berikan Tiga Beasiswa S2 untuk Tiga Pemenang Puteri Indonesia Intelegensia 2022" (https://ipmi.ac.id/news-events/ipmi-kembali-berikan-tiga-beasiswa-s-2-untuk-tiga-pemenang-puteri-indonesia-intelegensia-2022-694) . IPMI International business school (/wiki/IPMI_International_business_school) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 31 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(4)_24-0) Berkat Prima. "Hasil Lengkap Pemilihan Puteri Indonesia 2022, Outstanding!" (https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/berkat-prima/hasil-lengkap-pemilihan-puteri-indonesia-2022-c1c2) (in Indonesian). Times of Indonesia (/wiki/Times_of_Indonesia) . Retrieved 29 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Official Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) (28 May 2022). "Grand Final Puteri Indonesia 2022 - Part 5" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCqrj-1YDds) . Official Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 28 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(7)_26-0) "Yayasan Puteri Indonesia dan Mustika Ratu Sukses Selenggarakan PPI ke 25 Tahun 2022" (https://www.puteri-indonesia.com/index.php/fr/component/content/article/141-yayasan-puteri-indonesia-dan-mustika-ratu-sukses-selenggarakan-ppi-ke-25-tahun-2022?catid=92&Itemid=542) . Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) (in Indonesian). 31 May 2022 . Retrieved 31 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Puteri_Indonesia_2022_(8)_27-0) "FIA UI Beri Beasiswa Full bagi Puteri Indonesia 2022" (https://fia.ui.ac.id/fia-ui-beri-beasiswa-full-bagi-puteri-indonesia-2022/) . University of Indonesia (/wiki/University_of_Indonesia) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 1 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Supranational_2022-3_28-0) Ilham Safutra (27 June 2022). "Adinda Cresheilla: Waktu Minim Bikin Semangat" (https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/27/06/2022/adinda-cresheilla-waktu-minim-bikin-semangat/?amp) . Jawa Pos (/wiki/Jawa_Pos) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 27 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Supranational_2022-4_29-0) Ilham Safutra (17 July 2022). "Adinda Cresheilla Raih Mahkota meski Persiapan Kilat" (https://www.jawapos.com/entertainment/17/07/2022/adinda-cresheilla-raih-mahkota-meski-persiapan-kilat/?amp) . Jawa Pos (/wiki/Jawa_Pos) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 17 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Supranational_2022-5_30-0) Shabira Sakina Nisa (16 July 2022). "Rekap Hasil Miss Supranational 2022, Indonesia Menduduki Peringkat Empat!" (https://beritakbb.pikiran-rakyat.com/internasional/amp/pr-965022894/rekap-hasil-miss-supranational-2022-indonesia-menduduki-peringkat-empat) . Pikiran Rakyat (/wiki/Pikiran_Rakyat) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 16 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Supranational_2022-6_31-0) "Miss Supranational 2022: Special Awards!" (https://m.beautypageants.in/miss-supranational/miss-supranational-2022-special-awards/eventshow/92909699.cms) . Times of India (/wiki/Times_of_India) . 16 July 2022 . Retrieved 16 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Supranational_2022-7_32-0) "With Quick Preparation, Adinda Cresheilla Successfully Achieved 3rd Runner-up Miss Supranational 2022" (https://voi.id/en/amp/190932/with-quick-preparation-adinda-cresheilla-successfully-achieved-3rd-runner-up-miss-supranational-2022) . VOI.id . 16 July 2022 . Retrieved 16 July 2022 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Supranational_2022-8_33-0) Siso Naile (16 July 2022). "Miss Supranational 2022 Runner Ups to Lalela Mswane listed" (https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/miss-supranational-2022-runner-ups-to-lalela-mswane-listed/amp/) . The South African (/wiki/The_South_African) . Retrieved 16 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Supranational_2022-9_34-0) "Adinda Cresheilla Raih 3rd Runner Up Miss Supranational 2022" (https://kominfo.jatimprov.go.id/berita/adinda-cresheilla-raih-3rd-runner-up-miss-supranational-2022) . Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Indonesia) (/wiki/Ministry_of_Communication_and_Information_Technology_(Indonesia)) (in Indonesian). 17 July 2022 . Retrieved 17 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Supranational_2022-10_35-0) Anton Santoso (16 July 2022). "Adinda Cressheilla raih posisi ke-4 di ajang Miss Supranational 2022" (https://m.antaranews.com/amp/berita/2999861/adinda-cressheilla-raih-posisi-ke-4-di-ajang-miss-supranational-2022) . Antara (news agency) (/wiki/Antara_(news_agency)) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 16 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miss_Supranational_2022-11_36-0) "Indonesia Juara 4 Miss Supranational 2022" (https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20220716132710-277-822354/indonesia-juara-4-miss-supranational-2022/amp) . CNN Indonesia (/wiki/CNN_Indonesia) (in Indonesian). 16 July 2022 . Retrieved 16 July 2022 . ^ a b Fiqih Rahmawati (16 July 2022). "Profil Adinda Cresheilla, 3rd Runner-up Miss Supranational 2022, Ternyata Punya Segudang Prestasi" (https://www.kompas.tv/article/309723/profil-adinda-cresheilla-3rd-runner-up-miss-supranational-2022-ternyata-punya-segudang-prestasi?page=all) . Kompas (/wiki/Kompas) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 16 July 2022 . ^ a b Michael L. W. (17 July 2022). "Ini Profil Adinda Cresheilla Yang Raih Juara 3rd Runner-up Miss Supranational 2022" (https://kabarjoglosemar.pikiran-rakyat.com/hiburan/pr-735028024/ini-profil-adinda-cresheilla-yang-raih-juara-3rd-runner-up-miss-supranational-2022?page=2) . Pikiran Rakyat (/wiki/Pikiran_Rakyat) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 17 July 2022 . ^ a b "SOSOK Adinda Cresheilla, Wakil Indonesia yang Berhasil Duduki 3rd Runner-up Miss Supranational 2022" (https://www.tribunnewswiki.com/2022/07/16/sosok-adinda-cresheilla-wakil-indonesia-yang-berhasil-duduki-3rd-runner-up-miss-supranational-2022?page=all) . Tribun Network (/wiki/Tribun_Network) (in Indonesian). 16 July 2022 . Retrieved 16 July 2022 . ^ a b Nisa Hidayat (27 May 2022). "Profil Adinda Cresheilla, Puteri Indonesia Jawa Timur 2022, Si Manis Paket Komplit yang Menawan Hati" (https://kedu.pikiran-rakyat.com/seleb/amp/pr-2384580586/profil-adinda-cresheilla-puteri-indonesia-jawa-timur-2022-si-manis-paket-komplit-yang-menawan-hati) . Pikiran Rakyat (/wiki/Pikiran_Rakyat) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 27 May 2022 . ^ a b Seftia Devin Marzellina (16 July 2022). "Biodata Adinda Cresheilla, Lengkap: Agama, Keturunan, Umur, Akun IG, Benarkah Pernah Ikut INTM?" (https://www.jatimnetwork.com/hiburan/amp/pr-433900072/biodata-adinda-cresheilla-lengkap-agama-keturunan-umur-akun-ig-benarkah-pernah-ikut-intm) . Jawa Timur Network (/wiki/Jawa_Timur) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 16 July 2022 . ^ a b Ika Wahyuningsih (16 July 2022). "SOSOK Adinda Cresheilla, Wakil Indonesia yang Berhasil Duduki 3rd Runner-up Miss Supranational 2022" (https://www.tribunnewswiki.com/amp/2022/07/16/sosok-adinda-cresheilla-wakil-indonesia-yang-berhasil-duduki-3rd-runner-up-miss-supranational-2022) . Tribun Network (/wiki/Tribun_Network) (in Indonesian) . Retrieved 16 July 2022 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adinda Cresheilla (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Adinda_Cresheilla) . Puteri Indonesia Official Website (http://www.puteri-indonesia.com/) Official Miss Supranational Official Website (https://www.misssupranational.com/) Awards and achievements Preceded by Venezuela (/wiki/Venezuela) – Valentina Belén Sánchez Trivella (/wiki/Valentina_S%C3%A1nchez) Miss Supranational (/wiki/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational) 3rd Runner-Up 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) Succeeded by United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) – Emma Rose Collingridge Preceded by Raden Roro Ayu Maulida Putri (/wiki/Ayu_Maulida) Puteri East Java (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Jawa_Timur) 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) Succeeded by Yasinta Aurellia (/wiki/Yasinta_Aurellia) Preceded by Central Java (/wiki/Central_Java) – Jihane Almira Chedid (/wiki/Jihane_Almira_Chedid) Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Pariwisata) 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) Succeeded by Lampung (/wiki/Lampung) – Lulu Zaharani Krisna Widodo (/wiki/Lulu_Zaharani) Preceded by Central Java (/wiki/Central_Java) – Jihane Almira Chedid (/wiki/Jihane_Almira_Chedid) Miss Supranational Indonesia (/wiki/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational) 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) Succeeded by East Java (/wiki/East_Java) – Yasinta Aurellia (/wiki/Yasinta_Aurellia) v t e List of Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Pariwisata) titleholders Rahma Landy Sjahruddin (/wiki/Rahma_Landy_Sjahruddin) ( 2006 (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2006) ) Ika Fiyonda Putri (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika_Fiyonda_Putri) ( 2007 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2007) ) Anggi Mahesti (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anggi_Mahesti) ( 2008 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2008) ) Isti Ayu Pratiwi (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isti_Ayu_Pratiwi) ( 2009 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2009) ) Alessandra Khadijah Usman (/wiki/Alessandra_Usman) ( 2010 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2010) ) Andi Tenri Gusti Harnum Utari Natassa (/wiki/Andi_Tenri_Natassa) ( 2011 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2011) ) Cok Istri Krisnanda Widani (/wiki/Cok_Istri_Krisnanda_Widani) ( 2012-13 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2013) ) Estelita Liana (/wiki/Lily_Estelita_Liana) ( 2014 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2014) ) Gresya Amanda Maaliwuga (/wiki/Gresya_Maaliwuga) ( 2015 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2015) ) Intan Aletrinö (/wiki/Intan_Aletrin%C3%B6) ( 2016 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2016) ) Karina Nadila Niab (/wiki/Karina_Nadila) ( 2017 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2017) ) Wilda Octaviana Situngkir (/wiki/Wilda_Octaviana) ( 2018 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2018) ) Jesica Fitriana Martasari Alfharisi (/wiki/Jesica_Fitriana) ( 2019 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2019) ) Jihane Almira Chedid (/wiki/Jihane_Almira_Chedid) ( 2020-2021 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2020) ) Adinda Cresheilla ( 2022 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2022) ) Lulu Zaharani Krisna Widodo (/wiki/Lulu_Zaharani) ( 2023 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2023) ) Ketut Permata Juliastrid Sari (/wiki/Permata_Juliastrid) ( 2024 (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_2024) ) v t e Miss Supranational Indonesia titleholders (/wiki/Miss_Supranational) Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Pariwisata) (2013-2022) Cokorda Istri Krisnanda Widani (/wiki/Cok_Istri_Krisnanda_Widani) ( 2013 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2013) ) Lily Estelita Liana (/wiki/Lily_Estelita_Liana) ( 2014 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational) ) Gresya Amanda Maaliwuga (/wiki/Gresya_Maaliwuga) ( 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational) ) Intan Aletrinö (/wiki/Intan_Aletrin%C3%B6) ( 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2016) ) Karina Nadila Niab (/wiki/Karina_Nadila) ( 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2017) ) Wilda Octaviana Situngkir (/wiki/Wilda_Octaviana) ( 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2018) ) Jesica Fitriana Martasari Alfharisi (/wiki/Jesica_Fitriana) ( 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2019) ) Jihane Almira Chedid (/wiki/Jihane_Almira_Chedid) ( 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2021) ) Adinda Cresheilla ( 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) ) Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) (2023) Yasinta Aurellia (/wiki/Yasinta_Aurellia) ( 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2023) ) Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) (2024-present) Harashta Haifa Zahra (/wiki/Harashta_Haifa_Zahra) ( 2024 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2024) ) Puteri Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia) Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Pariwisata) Miss Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational) v t e Miss Supranational (/wiki/Miss_Supranational) Indonesia (/wiki/Puteri_Indonesia_Lingkungan) placements (/wiki/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational#Titleholders) Miss Supranational (/wiki/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational#Titleholders) Harashta Haifa Zahra (/wiki/Harashta_Haifa_Zahra) ( 2024 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2024) ) 2nd Runner-up (/wiki/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational#Titleholders) Jesica Fitriana Martasari Alfharisi (/wiki/Jesica_Fitriana) ( 2019 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2019) ) 3rd Runner-up (/wiki/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational#Titleholders) Cokorda Istri Krisnanda Widani (/wiki/Cok_Istri_Krisnanda_Widani) ( 2013 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2013) ) Wilda Octaviana Situngkir (/wiki/Wilda_Octaviana) ( 2018 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2018) ) Adinda Cresheilla ( 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) ) Top 10-12 Intan Aletrinö (/wiki/Intan_Aletrin%C3%B6) ( 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2016) ) Jihane Almira Chedid (/wiki/Jihane_Almira_Chedid) ( 2021 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2021) ) Top 20-25 Karina Nadila Niab (/wiki/Karina_Nadila) ( 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2017) ) Yasinta Aurellia (/wiki/Yasinta_Aurellia) ( 2023 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2023) ) Special Awards Lily Estelita Liana (/wiki/Lily_Estelita_Liana) ( Best National Costume 2014 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational) ) Gresya Amanda Maaliwuga (/wiki/Gresya_Maaliwuga) ( Best National Costume 2015 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational) ) Intan Aletrinö (/wiki/Intan_Aletrin%C3%B6) ( Miss Multimedia Award 2016, (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2016) Miss Popularity 2016, Miss Elegance 2016 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2016) ) Karina 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runners-ups (/wiki/Miss_and_Mister_Supranational#Titleholders) v t e Miss Supranational 2022 (/wiki/Miss_Supranational_2022) contestants Valentina Espinosa (/wiki/Valentina_Espinosa) Adinda Cresheilla Lalela Mswane (/wiki/Lalela_Mswane) Ismelys Velásquez (/wiki/Ismelys_Vel%C3%A1squez) Nguyễn Huỳnh Kim Duyên (/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_Kim_Duy%C3%AAn) Portal (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Indonesia (/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐srbww Cached time: 20240720185319 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.909 seconds Real time usage: 1.147 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 8212/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 171478/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 24511/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 209129/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.573/10.000 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Native American artist and designer (1930–2022) Ardina Moore Mashrugheta Rattlesnake ribbonwork (/wiki/Ribbonwork) design on skirt by Ardina Moore, 1995 Born Ardina Revard ( 1930-12-01 ) December 1, 1930 Belton, Texas (/wiki/Belton,_Texas) , U.S. Died April 19, 2022 (2022-04-19) (aged 91) Tulsa, Oklahoma (/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma) , U.S. Nationality Quapaw Nation (/wiki/Quapaw_Nation) , Osage Nation (/wiki/Osage_Nation) , American (/wiki/Americans) Alma mater Northeastern State University (/wiki/Northeastern_State_University) Occupation(s) artist, Native American clothing designer Known for Quapaw speaker, textile artist Notable work Quapaw language preservation Ardina Moore (née Revard , December 1, 1930 – April 19, 2022) [1] (#cite_note-obit-1) was a Quapaw (/wiki/Quapaw) / Osage (/wiki/Osage_Nation) Native American (/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States) from Miami, Oklahoma (/wiki/Miami,_Oklahoma) . A fluent Quapaw language (/wiki/Quapaw_language) speaker, she developed a language preservation program and taught the language to younger tribal members. [2] (#cite_note-Arkansas_Life-2) Moore was a fashion designer and regalia-maker, who founded an Indian apparel business, Buffalo Sun, in Miami, Oklahoma (/wiki/Miami,_Oklahoma) , in 1983. [3] (#cite_note-bio-3) She has received numerous awards for her fashion designs, has served in multiple leadership positions within the Quapaw Tribe of Indians (/wiki/Quapaw_Tribe_of_Indians) , and was inducted into the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame (/wiki/Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame) . Early life [ edit ] Ardina Revard was born on December 1, 1930, in Belton, Texas (/wiki/Belton,_Texas) . [1] (#cite_note-obit-1) [2] (#cite_note-Arkansas_Life-2) [3] (#cite_note-bio-3) [4] (#cite_note-birth_place-4) Her father was James Osage "Jimmie" Revard (Osage), founder of the band the Oklahoma Playboys, [3] (#cite_note-bio-3) [5] (#cite_note-Texas_Historical_Assn-5) and her mother was Martha Dora Griffin (Quapaw), who died when Revard was about seven years old. [6] (#cite_note-mother's_name-6) [7] (#cite_note-mom's_name-7) Her maternal grandparents were Minnie and Chief Victor Griffin (/wiki/Chief_Victor_Griffin) , the last Quapaw chief before the tribe formed a business committee. [3] (#cite_note-bio-3) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-Buffalo_Sun_history-11) Revard grew up speaking both English and Quapaw on the farm of Chief Griffin known as "Devil's Promenade" in northeastern Oklahoma. [2] (#cite_note-Arkansas_Life-2) After finishing high school, Revard enrolled at Northeastern State University (/wiki/Northeastern_State_University) , graduating in 1957. [3] (#cite_note-bio-3) Early career [ edit ] Moore began her teaching career, first teaching high school health and physical education. Then she taught American Indian history and genealogy at Northeastern Oklahoma A&M College (/wiki/Northeastern_Oklahoma_A%26M_College) (NEO) in Miami, Oklahoma (/wiki/Miami,_Oklahoma) . Between 1967 and 1978, she lived in Montana, but returned to Oklahoma with her family and discovered that the Quapaw language was endangered. [2] (#cite_note-Arkansas_Life-2) She joined the Community Service Program, at NEO and began teaching evening language classes to preserve the Quapaw language, [4] (#cite_note-birth_place-4) creating her own workbooks and tapes, as she had no dictionaries or textbooks on the language. [12] (#cite_note-language_course_pt._1-12) Artistic career [ edit ] Moore, who had been making Native American fashions for her daughters to wear at powwows (/wiki/Powwows) , Indian dances or other functions, [11] (#cite_note-Buffalo_Sun_history-11) began commercially marketing Indian apparel in 1983. The company Buffalo Sun was located in Miami, Oklahoma, where Moore lived and designed the clothing. She also cut patterns which Native women sewed from their homes. [13] (#cite_note-company_start_year-13) The company made inner and outer wear as well as accessories, with traditional and contemporary fashions. Some were simple designs and others feature intricate beadwork (/wiki/Beadwork) and ribbonwork (/wiki/Ribbonwork) elements. [14] (#cite_note-Missouri-14) She toured with her fashions throughout Oklahoma, [11] (#cite_note-Buffalo_Sun_history-11) Arkansas, [2] (#cite_note-Arkansas_Life-2) Missouri, [14] (#cite_note-Missouri-14) and to both coasts, participating in the Powhatan Renape Nation (/wiki/Powhatan_Renape_Nation) fashion show in Pennsylvania [13] (#cite_note-company_start_year-13) and Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) where fashion shows were held at the American Cultural Center and International Trade Center. [11] (#cite_note-Buffalo_Sun_history-11) Language and cultural preservation efforts [ edit ] From her beginning evening classes Moore expanded her program to save the Quapaw language to two series of classes, which span over an eight-week period and are held annually at the Quapaw Tribal Museum. [2] (#cite_note-Arkansas_Life-2) The tribe also holds an annual Youth Language Camp, as well as conferences with the Dhegiha Language Conference to preserve and teach the Quapaw language and its closely related tongues, Osage (/wiki/Osage_language) and Omaha (/wiki/Omaha%E2%80%93Ponca_language) . [15] (#cite_note-camp-15) In addition to her efforts to save the Quapaw language, Moore served as the tribe's powwow (/wiki/Powwow) committee secretary/treasurer, [16] (#cite_note-powwow_secy-16) tribal historian, [17] (#cite_note-tribal_historian-17) chair of the tribe's Cultural Committee, [18] (#cite_note-Hall_of_Fame-18) and as an elected member of the Tribal Business Committee. [3] (#cite_note-bio-3) Awards and honors [ edit ] Moore received many awards and honors over her career. She won first place in the Santa Fe Indian Market (/wiki/Santa_Fe_Indian_Market) fashion show twice, was awarded best in her division at the Eiteljorg Museum (/wiki/Eiteljorg_Museum) 's annual Indian Market in Indianapolis, was honored by the Heard Museum (/wiki/Heard_Museum) of Phoenix in 2003, and was featured in an Oklahoma Educational Television Authority (/wiki/Oklahoma_Educational_Television_Authority) special in 2006. [3] (#cite_note-bio-3) In 2011, she was inducted into the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame (/wiki/Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame) . [18] (#cite_note-Hall_of_Fame-18) Death [ edit ] Moore died on April 19, 2022, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, at the age of 91. [1] (#cite_note-obit-1) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Ardina Revard Moore Obituary" (https://osagenews.org/ardina-revard-moore-obituary/) . Osage News . 21 April 2022 . Retrieved 8 May 2022 . ^ a b c d e f Owen, Rhonda (February 2014). "A Way with Words" (http://arkansaslife.com/a-way-with-words/) . Arkansas Life . Little Rock, Arkansas . Retrieved 17 December 2015 . ^ a b c d e f g "Buckskins to Silks style show coming to Pawhuska" (http://examiner-enterprise.com/sections/living/events/buckskins-silks-style-show-coming-pawhuska.html) . Examiner-Enterprise . Bartlesville, Oklahoma. November 15, 2011 . Retrieved 17 December 2015 . ^ a b "Teacher Passes On Tribal Language Northeastern A&M Offers Native American Courses" (http://newsok.com/article/2298043) . Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: News OK. December 10, 1989 . Retrieved 17 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Texas_Historical_Assn_5-0) "Jimmie Revard and His Oklahoma Playboys" (https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/xgja1) . Handbook of Texas Online . Austin, Texas: Texas State Historical Association. October 25, 2015 . Retrieved 17 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-mother's_name_6-0) Barker, Martha (21 May 2013). "Chief Ga'Haheh (Victor Griffin) of the Quapaw Tribe" (https://boards.ancestry.com/localities.northam.usa.states.oklahoma.prestatehood.indianterr1900.quapawagencylands/11.12.2.2/mb.ashx) . Retrieved 17 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-mom's_name_7-0) Okeson, Sarah (July 22, 2015). "Quapaw Tribe working to pass on native language" (http://www.joplinglobe.com/news/quapaw-tribe-working-to-pass-on-native-language/article_a8c99b16-30ec-11e5-9e57-77264e185c36.html) . The Joplin Globe . Joplin, Missouri . Retrieved 17 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Quapaw Tribal Ancestry: Hereditary Chiefs of the Quapaw Tribe from 1818-1918" (http://www.quapawtribalancestry.com/quapawhereditarychiefs.htm) . www.quapawtribalancestry.com . Retrieved 2016-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Article hosted by Quapaw Tribal website" (https://www.quapawtribe.com/documentcenter/view/4650) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Avery, Essie (1938). The Social and Economic History of the Quapaw Indians Since 1833 . Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College. p. 62. ^ a b c d Ponder, Rebecca (March 21, 1986). "Fashion Designer Bases Clothes Collection on Tradition Original Indian Dress Receives Contemporary Treatment" (http://newsok.com/article/2141652) . Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: News OK . Retrieved 17 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-language_course_pt._1_12-0) Sloan, Dena (November 14, 2004). "A Voice of Tradition" (https://newspaperarchive.com/profile/susun-wilkinson/clipnumber/23299/) . Joplin Globe . Joplin, Missouri. p. 1 . Retrieved 17 December 2015 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . ^ a b Masters, Ruth (May 17, 1989). "American Indian By Design" (http://articles.philly.com/1989-05-17/news/26114014_1_fashion-show-designs-clothing) . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Special to The Inquirer. Philly . Retrieved 17 December 2015 . ^ a b " (http://www.marshallnews.com/story/1195108.html) 'Buckskins to Silks' program scheduled for April 7 at Van Meter State Park" (http://www.marshallnews.com/story/1195108.html) . Marshall Democrat-News . Marshall, Missouri. March 23, 2007 . Retrieved 17 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-camp_15-0) "Quapaw Tribe holds language preservation camp for youth" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151217221858/http://www.indianz.com/News/2015/018306.asp) . Indianz. July 23, 2015. Archived from the original (http://www.indianz.com/News/2015/018306.asp) on 17 December 2015 . Retrieved 17 December 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-powwow_secy_16-0) "Quapaw Powwow Scheduled". Joplin Globe . Joplin, Missouri. June 15, 1983. p. 39 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-tribal_historian_17-0) "Tribes Tell Their Stories in Arkansas Exhibit" (https://newspaperarchive.com/profile/susun-wilkinson/clipnumber/23303/) . Harrisonburg Daily News Record . Harrisonburg, Virginia. AP. April 7, 2009. p. 11 . Retrieved 17 December 2015 – via Newspaperarchive.com (/wiki/Newspaperarchive.com) . ^ a b Finnie, D. (January 21, 2011). "Hall of fame inductees to include Miami woman" (http://www.joplinindependent.com/display_article.php/dfinnie1295670447) . Joplin Independent . Joplin, Missouri . Retrieved 17 December 2015 . v t e Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame (/wiki/Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame) 1980s 1982 Hannah Diggs Atkins (/wiki/Hannah_Atkins) Kate Barnard (/wiki/Kate_Barnard) June Brooks (/wiki/June_Brooks) Gloria Stewart Farley (/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Stewart_Farley&action=edit&redlink=1) Aloysius Larch-Miller (/wiki/Aloysius_Larch-Miller) Susan Ryan Peters (/wiki/Susan_Ryan_Peters) Christine Salmon (/wiki/Christine_Salmon) Edyth Thomas Wallace (/w/index.php?title=Edyth_Thomas_Wallace&action=edit&redlink=1) 1983 Zelia N. 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American fashion designer (1927–2022) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Albert_Nipon) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Albert Nipon" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Albert+Nipon%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Albert+Nipon%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Albert+Nipon%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Albert+Nipon%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Albert+Nipon%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Albert+Nipon%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Albert Nipon Born ( 1927-09-11 ) September 11, 1927 West Philadelphia (/wiki/West_Philadelphia) section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania) , U.S. Died November 20, 2022 (2022-11-20) (aged 95) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. Occupation Fashion designer Label Albert Nipon Children Larry, Andy, Leon, Barbara Albert Nipon (September 11, 1927 – November 20, 2022) was an American fashion designer and ladies clothing manufacturer. Early life and education [ edit ] Nipon was born and raised in West Philadelphia (/wiki/West_Philadelphia) , a section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania) on September 11, 1927. [1] (#cite_note-1) Nipon graduated from West Philadelphia High School. [2] (#cite_note-2) This section needs expansion with: information on parentage and education. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Nipon&action=edit§ion=) . ( January 2012 ) Nipon, a graduate of Temple University (/wiki/Temple_University) , began his professional life as an accountant for DuPont. [3] (#cite_note-Jill_Gerston-3) [4] (#cite_note-Bonnie_Johnson-4) Nipon and his wife, Pearl, reportedly met when he threw her fully clothed into a swimming pool. [5] (#cite_note-5) They had three sons, Laurence, Leon, and Andrew, and a daughter, Barbara Joy, who is known as "B.J.". They lived in a condominium at the Residences at the Ritz-Carlton in Center City Philadelphia. The Nipons started their foray into fashion in 1954 as designers of maternity clothes (/wiki/Maternity_clothes) . Albert ran the business, while Pearl designed the clothing. They opened a small dress shop, which grew into a chain of stores called Ma Mere. [3] (#cite_note-Jill_Gerston-3) Career [ edit ] The Nipons turned their maternity clothes company into an internationally known producer of ultra-feminine women's clothing in 1972. The birth rate was declining, and they decided to focus on creating chic dress. They sold Ma Mere to Dekon Corporation. Albert Nipon gave all the credit for the line that bears his name to Pearl and her design aesthetic. She, however, says she merely edits the lines. "Pearl is a chic woman," he told the News and Courier (/wiki/News_and_Courier) in a 1973 interview. "She has a feel for what young career women would like their clothes to be. Smart, fluid, comfortable, in wonderful fit and the nice detailing that looks like the dress was made to order in Europe." [6] (#cite_note-6) The line's popularity caught the fashion world by surprise and quickly made Nipon's "Albert Nipon" brand of clothing famous. Sales of Albert Nipon dresses reached US$ (/wiki/United_States_dollar) 60 million in 1984, and Nipon counted among his celebrity clients Rosalynn Carter (/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter) , Mary Tyler Moore (/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore) , Nancy Reagan (/wiki/Nancy_Reagan) , and Barbara Walters (/wiki/Barbara_Walters) . [7] (#cite_note-Time-7) Nipon's fall was as rapid as his rise; in 1984, he was indicted for tax evasion (/wiki/Tax_evasion) and bribery (/wiki/Bribery) in an investigation of the Philadelphia (/wiki/Philadelphia) , Pennsylvania (/wiki/Pennsylvania) , Internal Revenue Service (/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service) office and served time in a federal penitentiary (/wiki/Federal_penitentiary) . [7] (#cite_note-Time-7) He was housed at Eglin Air Force Base (/wiki/Eglin_Air_Force_Base) in Florida (/wiki/Florida) , a minimum security facility. [3] (#cite_note-Jill_Gerston-3) "When you are stripped of everything material and physical and emotional, I don't care what the surroundings are, I don't know how anyone can call that a country club," he said in a Philadelphia Inquirer (/wiki/Philadelphia_Inquirer) interview. "You have a job to do - I sorted clothes or cut grass - but it's just a job, a menial job. The challenge is to keep yourself busy, and I did that. "When the only thing you have is your mind, I understand now the tendency to become more spiritual," he said. "I was fortunate enough to be selected for a seminar at a rabbinical college. I learned a lot about Judaism (/wiki/Judaism) , history and the Bible (/wiki/The_Bible) ; I don't think I would have been able to do that otherwise." [3] (#cite_note-Jill_Gerston-3) During the 20 months he was incarcerated, his company reportedly lost $15 million in revenues. [4] (#cite_note-Bonnie_Johnson-4) However, the designer's career did not end with his conviction and incarceration (/wiki/Incarceration) . Sales initially rebounded with Nipon himself stating they could not ship clothing sufficiently fast to fill orders. [3] (#cite_note-Jill_Gerston-3) The company declared bankruptcy (/wiki/Bankruptcy) in 1988. [8] (#cite_note-8) It was sold in 1988 to the Leslie Fay Company, which allowed the Nipons to continue running the design business. [9] (#cite_note-9) Albert Nipon designs and fragrances (/wiki/Fragrance) continue to be available in dress shops and fashion boutiques around the world. [10] (#cite_note-10) Death [ edit ] Nipon died on November 20, 2022, at the age of 95. [11] (#cite_note-11) See also [ edit ] List of fashion designers (/wiki/List_of_fashion_designers) List of people from Philadelphia (/wiki/List_of_people_from_Philadelphia) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lockwood, Lisa (21 November 2022). "Albert Nipon, Chairman of the Albert Nipon Design House, Dies at Age 95" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/albert-nipon-chairman-of-the-albert-nipon-design-house-dies-at-1235426225/) . WWD . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Philadelphia, three centuries of American art: Bicentennial exhibition, April 11-October 10, 1976 . Philadelphia Museum of Art. 1976. p. 643. ^ a b c d e Jill Gerston (12 May 1987). "Albert Nipon: Back In Business Out Of Prison, He Looks To The Future Of His Fashion Empire" (http://articles.philly.com/1987-05-12/news/26164716_1_albert-nipon-fashion-empire-bank-debt) . The Philadelphia Inquirer. ^ a b Bonnie Johnson (31 August 1987). "After 20 Months Behind Bars, a Chastened Albert Nipon Is Trying to Sew Up the Dress Market Again" (http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20097012,00.html) . People magazine . Retrieved 17 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Barbaralee Diamonstein (1985). Fashion: the inside story . Rizzoli. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Simple Shirtdresses Spell Success" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UY9JAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IgwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=778%2C1099210) . The News and Courier . August 5, 1973. p. 3–E . Retrieved 17 October 2012 . ^ a b Staff (November 5, 1984). "Albert Nipon: Fashion Fraud, a Dress Designer's Tax Woes" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080408141550/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954471,00.html#ixzz0fbcE2gnI) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . Abstract; (subscription required) for full article. Retrieved January 15, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "COMPANY NEWS; Albert Nipon In Chapter 11" (https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/05/business/company-news-albert-nipon-in-chapter-11.html) . The New York Times . 5 January 1988 . Retrieved 17 October 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Betty Goodwin (27 January 1989). "Fashion 89 : Albert Nipon : Pumping New Life Into Classic Image" (http://articles.latimes.com/1989-01-27/news/vw-1666_1_albert-nipon) . The Los Angeles Times . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Staff (November 19, 1991). "Albert Nipon Branches Out – Albert Nipon Licensing Group Plans Retail Shops" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121103030349/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-11570791.html) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) (via HighBeam Research (/wiki/HighBeam_Research) ). ^ (#cite_ref-11) Lockwood, Lisa (21 November 2022). "Albert Nipon, Chairman of the Albert Nipon Design House, Dies at Age 95" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/albert-nipon-chairman-of-the-albert-nipon-design-house-dies-at-1235426225/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved 21 November 2022 . Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Philadelphia (/wiki/Portal:Philadelphia) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/2338151595766505470001) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/221704612) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐xq7w5 Cached time: 20240722165717 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.504 seconds Real time usage: 0.639 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2281/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 36621/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1477/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 46685/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.339/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7101662/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 597.701 1 -total 28.26% 168.884 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 25.72% 153.734 1 Template:Reflist 15.02% 89.770 2 Template:Cite_news 13.62% 81.417 1 Template:Authority_control 12.84% 76.726 2 Template:Ambox 12.36% 73.850 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 11.58% 69.240 1 Template:Sources 11.00% 65.765 1 Template:Short_description 8.09% 48.354 1 Template:Birth_date Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26206307-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722165717 and revision id 1183882701. 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Line of shoes by Adidas Adidas Gazelle Type Sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers) Inventor Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Inception 1966 ; 58 years ago ( 1966 ) Manufacturer Adidas Available Yes Website adidas.com (https://www.adidas.com/us/blog/1060275-we-gave-the-world-a-gazelle-a-sneaker-icon-with-a-timeless-history) Adidas Gazelle is a line of shoes released by Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) in 1966. The original use of the shoe was for training but then later redesigned to an indoor version for handball. [1] (#cite_note-1) Overview [ edit ] The Gazelle is a continuation of a previous shoe that Adidas had created called the Olympiade which was a running shoe. When it first launched, it released in two versions: a red version with similar elements to the Olympiade and mainly aimed to be used in outside settings and a blue version which was aimed for indoor activities. Each one had specific tractions to suit their specific environment as well. [2] (#cite_note-2) The Gazelle also marked the first shoe to be created with suede by Adidas instead of canvas or leather. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 1979, Adidas decided to go back to their old catalog of shoes and find ways to reinvent them in order to resell them or make them popular again. The Gazelle was one of those shoes which saw its designed changed from a general training shoe to one used for handball. The main design feature that set it apart from the previous models was the use of a transparent sole which Adidas' other shoes did not have. [4] (#cite_note-4) Outside of sports, the hip-hop scene in Europe, specifically in Britain with Britpop (/wiki/Britpop) , helped make the shoe take off as it was an affordable option for many that wanted to stylish shoe that wasn't as expensive as other offerings. [5] (#cite_note-5) The shoe has seen a comeback due to various celebrities wearing them and has resulted in Adidas rereleasing it as part of its originals line. [6] (#cite_note-6) Models [ edit ] Gazelle Indoor [ edit ] A blue pair of Adidas Gazelle Indoor sneakers A model based on the original indoor version of the Gazelle. The sole on the shoe is thinner and somewhat transparent allowing visibility of the suede upper. The silhouette is also changed from the design of the modern Gazelle with a longer and less bulky body. The bottom of the shoe features a trefoil pattern design rather than the honeycomb pattern of the normal Gazelle. [7] (#cite_note-7) Gazelle Bold [ edit ] Adidas Gazelle Bold in blue and yellow Gazelle Bold is a platform variant of the Gazelle Indoor that was released in 2022 and specifically made for women. The design keeps all of the same features of the original Gazelle Indoor with the exception of the bottom of the shoe which features 3 soles stacked on top of each other. [8] (#cite_note-8) Gazelle ADV [ edit ] Gazelle ADV is a skateboarding release of the sneaker that features a higher foxing tape, a double-layered toe cap, and a grippier outsole for better control and durability. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "WE GAVE THE WORLD A GAZELLE: A SNEAKER ICON WITH A TIMELESS HISTORY" (https://www.adidas.com/us/blog/1060275-we-gave-the-world-a-gazelle-a-sneaker-icon-with-a-timeless-history) . Adidas . 2023 . Retrieved 2023-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "THE HISTORY OF THE ADIDAS GAZELLE" (https://sneakernews.com/2022/05/27/history-of-the-adidas-gazelle-2022/) . SNEAKER NEWS . 2022 . Retrieved 2023-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "HISTORY OF THE ADIDAS GAZELLE" (https://feature.com/blogs/feature-sneaker-boutique/history-of-the-adidas-gazelle) . Feature . 2021-07-30 . Retrieved 2023-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The History of the Adidas Gazelle" (https://www.complex.com/sneakers/a/gary-warnett/adidas-gazelle-history) . Complex . 2016-07-15 . Retrieved 2023-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO ADIDAS GAZELLE" (https://www.goat.com/editorial/beginners-guide-to-adidas-gazelle) . GOAT . 2023-09-08 . Retrieved 2023-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The Gazelle: the impact of a classic fashion icon over the decades" (https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/dy7ppv/the-adidas-gazelle) . Vice . 2023-09-08 . Retrieved 2023-10-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Go Outside with the Adidas Gazelle Indoor" (https://www.sneakerfreaker.com/releases/adidas-gazelle-indoor-black-blue-red-release-date/) . Sneaker Freaker . 2022-07-15 . Retrieved 2024-05-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Adidas Adds a Platform to the Classic Gazelle Shoe" (https://footwearnews.com/shoes/outdoor-footwear/adidas-gazelle-bold-womens-release-info-1203379438/) . Footwear News . 2022-12-09 . Retrieved 2024-04-24 . 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Czech-born French-American fashion designer Betty Yokova (1901 – 24 April 1995) was a Czech-born French fashion designer who became an award-winning American fur designer in New York. Biography [ edit ] Betty Yokova was born in Prague, Bohemia (/wiki/Bohemia) in 1901, [1] (#cite_note-1) and studied art in Paris. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) She began her fashion career in Paris in the 1930s, opening her own couture house despite not having had any training or apprenticeships with other fashion houses. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) At the outbreak of World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) , Yokova closed her establishment. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) In 1948 Yokova moved to New York and joined Anna Potok (/wiki/Anna_Potok) as a designer for Potok and her brother's fur house, Maximilian. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) She and Potok worked together on the designs, and were credited as co-designers. [3] (#cite_note-3) Apart from a brief interlude in the early 1960s where she worked at Bernham Stein, she worked for Maximilian until 1963, when she left to design for another furrier, A. Neustadter & Sons. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) In 1963, she was presented with a Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) for her fur designs at Neustadter. [4] (#cite_note-mcdowell-4) In 1964, Yokova described her approach to design as seeing the pelts as fabrics, and being inspired by their textures and colors. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) She retired in 1967, and died on 24 April 1995, at the Eastern Long Island Hospital in Greenport. She was survived by her sister. [2] (#cite_note-wwd-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Rechcigl, Miloslav (/wiki/Mila_Rechcigl) (2 November 2021). Notable Americans of Czechoslovak Ancestry in Arts and Letters and in Education . AuthorHouse. p. 267. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-6655-4006-3 . ^ a b c d e f g "Betty Yokova" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/article-1147300/) . WWD . 2 May 1995. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Waistlines Are Lowered, Armholes Dropped in New Fall Furs; Jackets Replace Stoles in Maximilian Styles" (https://www.nytimes.com/1959/10/05/archives/waistlines-are-lowered-armholes-dropped-in-new-fall-furs-jackets.html) . The New York Times . 5 October 1959 . Retrieved 27 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-mcdowell_4-0) McDowell, Colin (1984). McDowell's Directory of Twentieth Century Fashion . Frederick Muller. pp. 299–301. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-584-11070-7 . This article about a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Yokova&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐qsg7n Cached time: 20240712181859 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.282 seconds Real time usage: 0.420 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 436/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10199/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 554/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20304/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.196/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4199485/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 399.395 1 -total 38.85% 155.146 1 Template:Short_description 37.46% 149.614 1 Template:Reflist 29.10% 116.210 2 Template:Cite_book 22.38% 89.388 3 Template:Main_other 21.58% 86.186 1 Template:Fashion-designer-stub 21.54% 86.048 1 Template:SDcat 21.10% 84.271 1 Template:Asbox 12.69% 50.685 2 Template:Pagetype 2.08% 8.288 2 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71166130-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712181859 and revision id 1197046249. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Yokova&oldid=1197046249 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Yokova&oldid=1197046249) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1901 births (/wiki/Category:1901_births) 1995 deaths (/wiki/Category:1995_deaths) Czech women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Czech_women_fashion_designers) French women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:French_women_fashion_designers) American women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_women_fashion_designers) Furriers (/wiki/Category:Furriers) French tailors (/wiki/Category:French_tailors) People from Prague (/wiki/Category:People_from_Prague) People from the Kingdom of Bohemia (/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Kingdom_of_Bohemia) Fashion designer stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designer_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Supermarket clothing brand Tu Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 2004 Number of locations 400+ Owner Sainsbury's (/wiki/Sainsbury%27s) Website tuclothing (https://tuclothing.sainsburys.co.uk) .sainsburys (https://tuclothing.sainsburys.co.uk) .co (https://tuclothing.sainsburys.co.uk) .uk (https://tuclothing.sainsburys.co.uk) Tu is a British own-brand (/wiki/Home_brand) fashion label from the supermarket Sainsbury's (/wiki/Sainsbury%27s) . It is the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) 's third largest online clothing retailer and the United Kingdom's sixth largest clothing retailer by volume. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Product range [ edit ] Tu sells a wide range of clothing for men, women and children, with 3,000 lines sold through 400 Sainsbury's supermarkets. [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] The Tu brand was founded in 2004 by Sainsbury's (/wiki/Sainsbury%27s) as a replacement for the Jeff & Co range designed by Jeff Banks (/wiki/Jeff_Banks) . The new brand included a line of childrenswear created by Adams (/wiki/Adams_Kids) . It was initially launched in 160 stores. [4] (#cite_note-4) The original range included both clothing under the "TU" brand and homewares under the brand "TU Home". [ citation needed ] In 2011, Sainsbury's entered into a partnership with the television clothing guru Gok Wan (/wiki/Gok_Wan) to design a new clothing range. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2013, Sainsbury's relaunched the Tu brand, concentrating it entirely on clothing, with the homewares re-branded under the core "by Sainsbury's" brand (the Sainsbury's homewares range is now branded as Habitat (/wiki/Habitat_(retailer)) as of 2021). The logo was also changed, from all uppercase letters to a capital "T" and a lowercase "u", to emphasise that the brand is pronounced like "two" and not "tea you". [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2015, Sainsbury's set up a dedicated website, tuclothing.sainsburys.co.uk (branded as Tu.co.uk), to sell the product range nationwide to a much bigger audience. [8] (#cite_note-8) Following Sainsbury's acquisition of Argos (/wiki/Argos_(retailer)) in 2016, Sainsbury's started selling Tu clothing on the Argos website in 2018. This brought a much larger demographic of shoppers to the Tu brand, enabling access to a much broader range of household incomes. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Tu" (https://www.about.sainsburys.co.uk/brands-that-deliver/tu) . Sainsbury's . Retrieved 2022-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Top online stores in the Fashion segment in the UK in 2021, by e-commerce net sales" (https://www.statista.com/forecasts/870303/top-online-stores-fashion-united-kingdom-ecommercedb) . Statista . Retrieved 2022-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Tu" (https://www.about.sainsburys.co.uk/brands-that-deliver/tu) . Sainsbury's . Retrieved 2022-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "New campaign: Sainsbury's Tu" (https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/new-campaign-sainsburys-tu/222224) . campaignlive.co.uk . 2004 . Retrieved 2022-06-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Owen, Ed (2011-03-02). "Gok Wan designs clothing range for Sainsbury's" (https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/gok-wan-designs-clothing-range-sainsburys/1057824) . campaignlive.co.uk . Retrieved 2022-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Neilan, Catherine (2013-06-17). "Sainsbury's relaunches clothing arm Tu" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/sainsburys-relaunches-clothing-arm-tu) . drapersonline.com . Retrieved 2022-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Cochrane, Lauren (2013-06-24). "Sainsbury's Tu clothing range tries its hand at fast fashion" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/jun/24/sainsbury-tu-clothing-fast-fashion) . theguardian.com . Retrieved 2022-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Tugby, Luke (2015-08-13). "Sainsbury's launches Tu clothing website to open up range nationwide" (https://www.retail-week.com/grocery/sainsburys-launches-tu-clothing-website-to-open-up-range-nationwide/5077997.article?authent=1) . retail-week.com . Retrieved 2022-10-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Halliday, Sandra (2018-03-28). "Tu Clothing to be sold at Argos as Sainsbury's chases faster growth" (https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/tu-clothing-to-be-sold-at-argos-as-sainsbury-s-chases-faster-growth,962647.html) . uk.fashionnetwork.com . Retrieved 2022-10-11 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://tuclothing.sainsburys.co.uk) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6c9c58cc87‐vrrcn Cached time: 20240703162044 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:5453571-0!canonical and timestamp 20240703162044 and revision id 845671546. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. P Protestant vestments (/wiki/Category:Protestant_vestments) (8 P) Pages in category "Protestant religious clothing" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . H Hanging veil (/wiki/Hanging_veil) Head covering for Christian women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) Kapp (headcovering) (/wiki/Kapp_(headcovering)) P Plain people (/wiki/Plain_people) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Protestant_religious_clothing&oldid=845671546 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Protestant_religious_clothing&oldid=845671546) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Christian clothing (/wiki/Category:Christian_clothing) Protestant worship and liturgy (/wiki/Category:Protestant_worship_and_liturgy)
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Dutch fashion designer This article contains weasel words (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions) : vague phrasing that often accompanies biased (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) or unverifiable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) information . Such statements should be clarified or removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch) . ( September 2010 ) Addy van den Krommenacker (2009) Addy van den Krommenacker ( Uden (/wiki/Uden) 8 April 1950) is a Dutch fashion designer. [1] (#cite_note-Eceiza2010-1) Biography [ edit ] He launched his first own designs in 2002, during the Beaumonde Fashion Awards (/w/index.php?title=Beaumonde_Fashion_Awards&action=edit&redlink=1) . This was followed by his own couture collection the year after. From then on, presenting his own couture collection has become an annual event. Famous dresses have been worn by Dutch and international celebrities, like Yolanthe Sneijder (/wiki/Yolanthe_Cabau_van_Kasbergen) , Glennis Grace (/wiki/Glennis_Grace) , Carly Steel (/wiki/Carly_Steel) and several princesses of the Dutch royal family at state occasions. [ citation needed ] In 2007, Addy was invited to show his collection during the Altamoda Haute Couture (/wiki/Haute_Couture) Fashion Week (/wiki/Fashion_Week) in Rome, Italy. [2] (#cite_note-2) In September 2007 he presented his first Prêt a Porter collection in his showroom at Via Visconti di Modrone in Milan, Italy. His special collection, inspired by the paintings of Jheronimus Bosch, had been a big success for the designer. [3] (#cite_note-3) He travelled with his collection all the way from New York [4] (#cite_note-4) to Hongkong [5] (#cite_note-5) for shows. These days, this collection is being sold in various cities and countries around the world. Celebrities [ edit ] Addy van den Krommenacker is well known in The Netherlands for his evening gowns for red carpets, but after he had shown in several countries, also international celebrities found their way to Van den Krommenacker. In 2017, Laura Pausini (/wiki/Laura_Pausini) chose the designer for her video clip recordings. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2008, his collection was shown during the final runway show for the popular television show America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) , which was aired in 130 countries all over the world. He also designed a dress for TV host Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) . [7] (#cite_note-7) He also created the Eurovision song contest (/wiki/Eurovision_song_contest) dress for Dutch contestant Glennis Grace (/wiki/Glennis_Grace) . [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2010 LPGA Pro golfer and model Anna Rawson (/wiki/Anna_Rawson) wore a sequin dress on the cover of 'Golf Magazine for her' in the USA. Later that year he dressed Hollywood TV reporter April Sutton (/w/index.php?title=April_Sutton&action=edit&redlink=1) for the Oscars and the wife of Lost (/wiki/Lost_(2004_TV_series)) actor Henry Ian Cusick (/wiki/Henry_Ian_Cusick) for the 62nd Prime Time Emmy Awards (/wiki/Emmy_Awards) . Several international stars like Malika Sherawat (/wiki/Malika_Sherawat) and Carly Steel (/wiki/Carly_Steel) were wearing his dresses during the Academy Awards (/wiki/Academy_Awards) . He also dressed Courtney Love (/wiki/Courtney_Love) and Lady Victoria Hervey (/wiki/Victoria_Hervey) for the Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) . Also Susan Blakely (/wiki/Susan_Blakely) and Sofia Milos (/wiki/Sofia_Milos) are celebrities who have worn Addy's creations on the red carpet. Many celebrities in The Netherlands wear his creations during important television events. Wedding Dresses [ edit ] This section of a biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) does not include (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any references or sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately . Find sources: "Addy van den Krommenacker" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Addy+van+den+Krommenacker%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Addy+van+den+Krommenacker%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Addy+van+den+Krommenacker%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Addy+van+den+Krommenacker%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Addy+van+den+Krommenacker%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Addy+van+den+Krommenacker%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Addy van den Krommenacker is well known for his wedding dresses: feminine designs with often delicate lace work and embroideries. Yolanthe Cabau van Kasbergen (/wiki/Yolanthe_Cabau_van_Kasbergen) , the wife of footballer Wesley Sneijder (/wiki/Wesley_Sneijder) , was wearing a salmonpink dress covered with paillettes from Addy on the evening of her wedding. In 2007, Addy designed a wedding dress for Truus van Gaal, wife of soccer trainer Louis van Gaal (/wiki/Louis_van_Gaal) . Addy also designed the weddingdress for Stephanie Rijkaard wife of footballer Frank Rijkaard (/wiki/Frank_Rijkaard) . The gown Addy designed for television and musical star Chantal Janzen (/wiki/Chantal_Janzen) got a lot of attention in the world of media and musical. Royal honours [ edit ] This section of a biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) does not include (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any references or sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately . Find sources: "Addy van den Krommenacker" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Addy+van+den+Krommenacker%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Addy+van+den+Krommenacker%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Addy+van+den+Krommenacker%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Addy+van+den+Krommenacker%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Addy+van+den+Krommenacker%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Addy+van+den+Krommenacker%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Addy had been appointed by Queen Beatrix (/wiki/Queen_Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands) as Knight (/wiki/Knight) in the Order of Orange-Nassau (/wiki/Order_of_Orange-Nassau) . After several designs for Princess Irene of the Netherlands (/wiki/Princess_Irene_of_the_Netherlands) , Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau (/wiki/Princess_Mabel_of_Orange-Nassau) and Princess Aimée van Oranje and other members of the Dutch royal family, Addy had been asked to design the wedding gown for Princess Carolina (/wiki/Princess_Carolina,_Marchioness_of_Sala) of Bourbon-Parma, for which he was allowed to use the lace of the original wedding dress of her mother, Princess Irene, worn on her wedding day some 50 years ago. Carolina's grandmother, Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (/wiki/Queen_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands) gave her that lace, of which Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) created a wedding dress. During the inauguration of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (/wiki/King_Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands) on 30 April 2013, he designed dresses for Princess Margriet (/wiki/Princess_Margriet_of_the_Netherlands) , Princess Irene, Princess Aimeé, Princess Annette and Princess Magarita (/wiki/Princess_Margarita,_Countess_of_Colorno) of Bourbon-Parma. Awards [ edit ] 1988: Styling Best Dressed women of the Year, Sandra Reemer (/wiki/Sandra_Reemer) 2007: Look of the Year Award, Sicily (/wiki/Sicily) [9] (#cite_note-9) 2008: Best International Designer, Rome (/wiki/Rome) 2009: Award Premio Posidone D'argento, Sicily (/wiki/Sicily) [10] (#cite_note-10) 2011: Knight (/wiki/Knight) in the Order of Orange-Nassau (/wiki/Order_of_Orange-Nassau) [11] (#cite_note-11) 2015: Award of Excellence, Romania (/wiki/Romania) 2017: Excellence in Fashion, Novi Sad (/wiki/Novi_Sad) 2017: Premio Speciale Moda, Città Dei Sassi (/wiki/Sassi) [12] (#cite_note-12) 2018: International Couture Award, Moda Movie, Calabria (/wiki/Calabria) [13] (#cite_note-13) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Eceiza2010_1-0) Eceiza, Laura (2010). Atlas of Fashion Designers . Rockport Publishers. p. 11. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-59253-661-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Sfilata Addy van den Krommenacker Roma - Alta Moda Autunno Inverno 2007/2008 - Vogue" (http://www.vogue.it/sfilate/sfilata/haute-couture-ai-07-08/addy-van-den-krommenacker) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Addy van den Krommenacker Fashion Show | VIDEO" (https://www.ladygoldapple.com/addy-van-den-krommenacker-fashion-show/) . 23 March 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Award-Winning Designer Addy van den Krommenacker to Show at Couture Fashion Week New York" (http://www.couturefashionweek.com/designer-addy-van-den-krommenacker-at-couture-fashion-week-ny/) . 28 January 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Addy van den Krommenacker showt in Hongkong" (http://www.couturekrant.nl/4-mode/fashion/4328-addy-van-den-krommenacker-showt-in-hongkong.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Laura Pausini in videoclip met creaties van Van den Krommenacker" (https://www.bd.nl/den-bosch-vught/laura-pausini-in-videoclip-met-creaties-van-van-den-krommenacker~a5c48b82/) . Brabants Dagblad (/wiki/Brabants_Dagblad) (in Dutch). 23 December 2011 . Retrieved 22 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Van den Krommenacker in America's Next Top Model" (https://www.trouw.nl/cultuur/van-den-krommenacker-in-america-s-next-top-model~aa6f00fc/) . 25 June 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Omroep Brabant" (http://www.omroepbrabant.nl/?news/44505522/Addy+van+den+Krommenacker+vijf+jurken+voor+Glennis+Grace.aspx) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) https://www.perssupport.nl/persbericht/7509/look-of-the-year-award-2007-uitgereikt-aan-addy-van-den-krommenacker (https://www.perssupport.nl/persbericht/7509/look-of-the-year-award-2007-uitgereikt-aan-addy-van-den-krommenacker) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Facebook" (https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?id=255785164448918&story_fbid=892592254101536) . www.facebook.com . [ user-generated source ] ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Omroep Brabant" (http://www.omroepbrabant.nl/?news/154461752/Bekende+Brabanders+met+een+lintje.aspx) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Archived at Ghostarchive (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211210/400IZEcKIUg) and the Wayback Machine (https://web.archive.org/web/20190530162217/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=400IZEcKIUg) : Sfilata Addy van den Krommenacker al Premio Moda Citta dei Sassi . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Guest star di Moda Movie 2018 lo stilista Addy van den Krommenacker" (http://www.ottoetrenta.it/cultura-e-spettacolo/guest-star-di-moda-movie-2018-lo-stilista-addy-van-den-krommenacker/) . 8 June 2018. 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1850s fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1850s_fashion) . Fashion in the 1850s. 1800s (/wiki/Category:1800s_fashion) 1810s (/wiki/Category:1810s_fashion) 1820s (/wiki/Category:1820s_fashion) 1830s (/wiki/Category:1830s_fashion) 1840s (/wiki/Category:1840s_fashion) 1850s 1860s (/wiki/Category:1860s_fashion) 1870s (/wiki/Category:1870s_fashion) 1880s (/wiki/Category:1880s_fashion) 1890s (/wiki/Category:1890s_fashion) 1900s (/wiki/Category:1900s_fashion) 14th (/wiki/Category:14th-century_fashion) 15th (/wiki/Category:15th-century_fashion) 16th (/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) 17th (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) 18th (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) 20th (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) 21st (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) 22nd 23rd 24th NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐5nm2l Cached time: 20240721145329 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.181 seconds Real time usage: 0.434 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 277/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6317/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 370/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 23/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6719/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.129/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1524652/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 405.056 1 -total 69.28% 280.639 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_centuries_below_decade 26.09% 105.669 1 Template:Commons_category 25.07% 101.534 1 Template:Sister_project 24.13% 97.732 1 Template:Side_box 13.97% 56.580 2 Template:If_then_show 3.79% 15.351 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 2.38% 9.633 1 Template:Category_other 1.85% 7.479 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 0.76% 3.078 1 Template:Title_decade Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35056537-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721145329 and revision id 1081502297. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. C Clothing companies established in 1850 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1850) (2 P) Clothing companies established in 1853 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1853) (3 P) Clothing companies established in 1856 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1856) (3 P) Clothing companies established in 1857 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1857) (2 P) Clothing companies established in 1858 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1858) (1 P) Pages in category "1850s fashion" The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 1850s in Western fashion (/wiki/1850s_in_Western_fashion) B Bloomers (/wiki/Bloomers) C Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Chelsea boot (/wiki/Chelsea_boot) K Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) O Over-frock coat (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) P Papakha (/wiki/Papakha) Pickelhaube (/wiki/Pickelhaube) Pith helmet (/wiki/Pith_helmet) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) S Smoking jacket (/wiki/Smoking_jacket) W Wedding dress of Victoria, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Victoria,_Princess_Royal) Wideawake hat (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Z Zephyrina Jupon (/wiki/Zephyrina_Jupon) Zouave jacket (/wiki/Zouave_jacket) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1850s_fashion&oldid=1081502297 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1850s_fashion&oldid=1081502297) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1850s (/wiki/Category:1850s) 1850s in art (/wiki/Category:1850s_in_art) 19th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) Fashion by decade (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_decade) Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Category series navigation decade and century (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_decade_and_century) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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British boot and footwear brand Solovair Industry Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Founded 1881 ; 143 years ago ( 1881 ) Headquarters Wollaston (/wiki/Wollaston,_Northamptonshire) , Wellingborough (/wiki/Wellingborough) , England Brands Dr. Martens (/wiki/Dr._Martens) (1950s to 1980s) [1] (#cite_note-1) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) NPS Shoes Ltd. Website nps-solovair (https://nps-solovair.com) .com (https://nps-solovair.com) Solovair 8-eye Derby boot in Oxblood, Racing Green, Burgundy rub-off, and Navy Blue colours Solovair (pronounced like "Sole of air" [2] (#cite_note-2) ) [ needs IPA ] is a brand of British-made boots (/wiki/Boot) and footwear (/wiki/Footwear) , produced by NPS Shoes Ltd., which was established in 1881. The NPS factory is based in Wollaston (/wiki/Wollaston,_Northamptonshire) , Northamptonshire (/wiki/Northamptonshire) , an area known for its shoe (/wiki/Shoe) industry. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) NPS shoes are known for their Goodyear welt (/wiki/Goodyear_welt) technology which is used in all their shoe production. This particular technique is needed to fix the Solovair sole onto "Soft Sole Suspension" boots and shoes. Solovair was originally founded in 1881 as a cooperative (/wiki/Cooperative) known as the Northamptonshire Productive Society (NPS), [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) which is the name of the parent company of Solovair. Shoe manufacturer R. Griggs Group Ltd. had the patent to produce Dr. Martens (/wiki/Dr._Martens) boots but not the technology. In 1960 Griggs and NPS collaborated to create a boot using a Solovair sole and a Griggs upper, and the result was the now iconic Dr. Martens boot. The first pair left the NPS factory in 1960. NPS Shoes continued to make footwear under licence until the mid-1990s called 'Dr Martens made by Solovair'. They trademarked the name Solovair in 1995 [4] (#cite_note-4) and now make their own air-cushioned boot using the same lasts (/wiki/Last) and leather cutters and machines used to create the first original Dr. Martens suspension soles in the UK. NPS Shoes manufacture for Gripfast, George Cox, Vegetarian Shoes, Grinders (/wiki/Grinders_(footwear)) and Tredair (/wiki/Tredair) brands amongst others. Solovair products come in a variety of styles, colours, and number of eyelets. Recognisable features include grey stitching around the top of the sole, and a green and black pull loop at the top of the back stay with the Solovair logo and "Made in England since 1881" on the back. [5] (#cite_note-5) The underside of the sole has the Solovair logo. Solovair is known for their use of the Goodyear welt (/wiki/Goodyear_welt) and the use of the Puritan stitch. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "History" (https://uk.nps-solovair.com/pages/history) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "OFFICIAL SOLOVAIR (@solovairuk) • Instagram photos and videos" (https://www.instagram.com/solovairuk/) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 9 January 2023 . ^ a b The NPS Shoes factory (http://www.nps-solovair.co.uk/about-us/our-factory/) has its roots in the village of Wollaston, Northamptonshire and has been our lifelong home since 1881. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Embodying a county's heritage | Business Times" (https://www.business-times.co.uk/articles/focus-on-wellingborough-industry/embodying-a-countys-heritage) . www.business-times.co.uk . Retrieved 3 August 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "STYLE INSIDER" (https://www.facebook.com/thisisinsiderstyle/videos/550266112096619/) . www.facebook.com . Retrieved 2 August 2018 . 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The archducal hat of Tyrol at Mariastein Church Sceptre of the archduke, also kept at Mariastein The archducal hat of Tyrol is an insignia of the County of Tyrol (/wiki/County_of_Tyrol) . It is located in the treasury of Mariastein (/wiki/Mariastein,_Austria) . History [ edit ] Its design resembles the original archducal hat (/wiki/Archducal_hat) and depictions on coins of the archdukes Ferdinand I (/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor) and Ferdinand II (/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Archduke_of_Austria) of Tyrol. It consists of a gilded copper circlet which rests ten triangular gables with precious stones and ornaments. It is closed with two arches surmounted by a globe and cross at the center. The copper circlet is hidden by the crimson cap which was originally turned up with ermine. The ermine has been lost over time and was replaced with silk in ermine pattern. Both the hat and the sceptre were probably made in 1602. Although the Tyrol was a county, the hat is called archducal hat since its ruler Maximilian III (/wiki/Maximilian_III,_Archduke_of_Austria) was an imperial Habsburg archduke, which is a higher rank than the count of Tyrol. He appears to have considered it unsuitable for his personal use after personal examination of the hat at Innsbruck (/wiki/Innsbruck) in 1613. [1] (#cite_note-1) It was given as a votive offering to the church in Mariastein. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lord Twining, Edward Francis: European Regalia, B.T. Batsford Ltd. 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American internet personality (born 1999) For other people named James Charles, see James Charles (disambiguation) (/wiki/James_Charles_(disambiguation)) . James Charles Charles in 2019 Born James Charles Dickinson ( 1999-05-23 ) May 23, 1999 (age 25) Bethlehem, New York (/wiki/Bethlehem,_New_York) , U.S. Occupations YouTuber makeup artist Years active 2015–present YouTube information Channel James Charles (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCucot-Zp428OwkyRm2I7v2Q) Genres Vlog (/wiki/Vlog) makeup (/wiki/Makeup) beauty (/wiki/Beauty_YouTuber) Subscribers 23.8 million [1] (#cite_note-YouTubeStatsJames_Charles-1) Total views 4.3 billion [1] (#cite_note-YouTubeStatsJames_Charles-1) Creator Awards (/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards) 100,000 subscribers 2016 1,000,000 subscribers 2017 10,000,000 subscribers 2018 Last updated: March 19, 2024 James Charles Dickinson (born May 23, 1999) is an American beauty YouTuber (/wiki/Beauty_YouTuber) and makeup artist. While working as a local makeup artist in his hometown of Bethlehem, New York (/wiki/Bethlehem,_New_York) , Charles started a YouTube channel, where he began uploading makeup tutorials. In 2016, he became the first male brand ambassador (/wiki/Brand_ambassador) for CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) after a tweet featuring his makeup went viral online. In 2020, Charles hosted, directed, and co-produced the YouTube Originals (/wiki/YouTube_Premium) reality competition (/wiki/Reality_competition) series Instant Influencer . He has released an eyeshadow palette and created a makeup line in collaboration with Morphe Cosmetics (/wiki/Morphe_Cosmetics) , and has received numerous awards for his work on social media, including two People's Choice Awards (/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Awards) , three Streamy Awards (/wiki/Streamy_Awards) , one Shorty Award (/wiki/Shorty_Awards) , and one Teen Choice Award (/wiki/Teen_Choice_Award) . His career has included multiple online controversies, including a widely publicized feud with fellow beauty YouTuber Tati Westbrook (/wiki/Tati_Westbrook) in 2019 and accusations of sexting (/wiki/Sexting) with underage boys in 2021. Early life James Charles Dickinson was born on May 23, 1999 [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) in Bethlehem, New York (/wiki/Bethlehem,_New_York) , [5] (#cite_note-timesunionhouse-5) to parents Skip, a contractor, [6] (#cite_note-allureint2017-6) and Christine Dickinson. [7] (#cite_note-abcint-7) His younger brother, Ian Jeffrey, works as a model. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2010, James started a YouTube channel, JaysCoding, where he made song covers and videos about being in the Mario Kart Wii (/wiki/Mario_Kart_Wii) competitive modding (/wiki/Modding) community. [10] (#cite_note-10) He attended Bethlehem Central High School (/wiki/Bethlehem_Central_High_School) , where he graduated in 2017. [5] (#cite_note-timesunionhouse-5) Describing his high school experience, he stated, "I did get bullied a lot in high school and personally, I just ignored it." [7] (#cite_note-abcint-7) Charles began working as an amateur hairstylist and started doing makeup after being asked by a friend to do her makeup for a school dance. After teaching himself how to apply makeup, he soon began doing it professionally for girls in his area. [6] (#cite_note-allureint2017-6) [11] (#cite_note-washpocover-11) Career In December 2015, Charles started a YouTube channel where he began posting makeup tutorials. [11] (#cite_note-washpocover-11) A tweet of him retaking his senior portrait (/wiki/Portrait_photography#Senior_portraits) with a ring light (/wiki/Ring_flash) and makeup on went viral in September 2016. [12] (#cite_note-12) In October 2016, when he was 17, he became the first male brand ambassador for cosmetics brand CoverGirl (/wiki/CoverGirl) . [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) The appointment was met with significant praise on social media. His first appearance was in advertisements for CoverGirl's So Lashy mascara. [15] (#cite_note-guardiancover-15) He started a clothing line, Sisters Apparel, and a makeup collection, the Sister Collection, made in collaboration with cosmetics brand Morphe Cosmetics, in November 2018. [7] (#cite_note-abcint-7) [16] (#cite_note-16) Crowds at a Canadian mall (/wiki/Square_One_Shopping_Centre) , anticipating a Morphe Cosmetics appearance by James Charles. By early 2019, he had 10 million subscribers on YouTube. [17] (#cite_note-17) His January 2019 visit to Birmingham (/wiki/Birmingham) for the opening of Morphe Cosmetics' second United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) store caused gridlock in the city center. [18] (#cite_note-18) Charles did Australian rapper Iggy Azalea (/wiki/Iggy_Azalea) 's makeup for promotional art for her single " Sally Walker (/wiki/Sally_Walker_(song)) " in March 2019 and appeared in the song's music video. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) He announced he would go on the Sisters Tour throughout the US in April 2019. [21] (#cite_note-21) However, the tour was canceled the following month following a highly publicized feud with American social media personality Tati Westbrook (/wiki/Tati_Westbrook) . [22] (#cite_note-22) Charles hosted the first season of the YouTube Originals (/wiki/YouTube_Premium) reality competition series Instant Influencer , which premiered on his YouTube channel in April 2020. [23] (#cite_note-:2-23) For his work on the show, he won the award for Show of the Year at the 10th Streamy Awards (/wiki/10th_Streamy_Awards) . [24] (#cite_note-streamywin2020-24) In March 2021, YouTube announced that he would not return to host the second season of the show. [23] (#cite_note-:2-23) [25] (#cite_note-25) [26] (#cite_note-varietyii-26) In October 2020, Charles made a cameo appearance in the music video for American social media personality Larray (/wiki/Larray) 's single " Canceled (/wiki/Canceled_(song)) ". [27] (#cite_note-27) Since the launch of his channel, Charles has made a number of collaborative videos, doing makeup on and with various public figures including: Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) , Kylie Jenner (/wiki/Kylie_Jenner) , [28] (#cite_note-pplunf-28) Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) , [29] (#cite_note-29) Kesha (/wiki/Kesha) , [30] (#cite_note-kesha-30) Madison Beer (/wiki/Madison_Beer) , [31] (#cite_note-31) Doja Cat (/wiki/Doja_Cat) , [32] (#cite_note-32) JoJo Siwa (/wiki/JoJo_Siwa) , [33] (#cite_note-33) Charli D'Amelio (/wiki/Charli_D%27Amelio) , Addison Rae (/wiki/Addison_Rae) , [26] (#cite_note-varietyii-26) Trixie Mattel (/wiki/Trixie_Mattel) , [34] (#cite_note-34) Avani Gregg (/wiki/Avani_Gregg) , [35] (#cite_note-35) and Bretman Rock (/wiki/Bretman_Rock) . [36] (#cite_note-36) In January 2021, Charles sang a cover (/wiki/Cover_version) of " Drivers License (/wiki/Drivers_License_(song)) ". [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) He released his debut single, "Call Me Back", in February 2024. [39] (#cite_note-39) Public image Charles in 2024 Early in his career, Charles received attention for being a young male makeup artist. [11] (#cite_note-washpocover-11) [15] (#cite_note-guardiancover-15) Todd Spangler of Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) called him "YouTube's most famous beauty vlogger". Writing for the Irish Independent (/wiki/Irish_Independent) , Caitlin McBride remarked that he "spearheaded a makeup revolution among men", while Amelia Tait of The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) wrote that his online platform was "arguably revolutionary". [40] (#cite_note-irishind-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) referred to him in 2019 as "one of the most famous YouTube makeup artists and beauty influencers around", while Noelle Faulkner of Vogue Australia (/wiki/Vogue_Australia) wrote in 2018 that he had "one of the most engaged followings on YouTube". [30] (#cite_note-kesha-30) [42] (#cite_note-42) Charles refers to his fans as "sisters". [43] (#cite_note-43) He has cited Jaclyn Hill (/wiki/Jaclyn_Hill) and Nikkie de Jager (/wiki/Nikkie_de_Jager) as his biggest influences. [44] (#cite_note-44) He has said that, for him, makeup is "a creative outlet and an art form". [45] (#cite_note-45) In May 2021, he was sued by a former employee of his for wrongful termination (/wiki/Wrongful_dismissal) . [46] (#cite_note-46) In May 2022, Charles posted a photo of him tucking (/wiki/Tucking) himself, as well as a video of him twerking while tucked, after which he lost over 130,000 followers. [47] (#cite_note-Paper_follower_loss-47) [48] (#cite_note-The_Tab-48) Tati Westbrook feud In 2019, Tati Westbrook, a fellow makeup artist and frequent collaborator with Charles, uploaded a 43-minute video titled Bye Sister , accusing him of disloyalty and attempting to seduce a heterosexual man with the knowledge of the man's sexuality. YouTuber Jeffree Star (/wiki/Jeffree_Star) and singer Zara Larsson (/wiki/Zara_Larsson) corroborated Westbrook's claims and Charles became the first YouTuber to lose one million subscribers in 24 hours. [49] (#cite_note-49) [50] (#cite_note-nytcontroversy-50) [51] (#cite_note-paperint-51) [52] (#cite_note-52) He uploaded an eight-minute apology video to Westbrook, which became one of the most disliked videos (/wiki/List_of_most-disliked_YouTube_videos) on YouTube before it was deleted. [53] (#cite_note-:0-53) [54] (#cite_note-54) He posted a second 41-minute video titled No More Lies addressing and refuting the comments made by Westbrook, which led to renewed online support for Charles and criticism of Westbrook. [55] (#cite_note-55) [56] (#cite_note-56) [57] (#cite_note-57) Westbrook later removed the original video and, in 2020, posted a follow-up video in which she stated that Star and Shane Dawson (/wiki/Shane_Dawson) manipulated her into making the original video. [58] (#cite_note-58) [59] (#cite_note-59) This series of events sparked media analysis relating to cancel culture (/wiki/Cancel_culture) , allegations of toxicity (/wiki/Toxicity) against YouTube's beauty community, stereotypes of gay men as predatory (/wiki/Sexual_predator) , and the profits made from online feuds. [60] (#cite_note-60) [61] (#cite_note-61) [62] (#cite_note-62) Grooming allegations In February 2021, a 16-year-old boy named Isaiyah posted a video to TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) alleging that Charles groomed (/wiki/Child_grooming) him by sending him nude photos and pressuring him into sexting (/wiki/Sexting) with him despite knowing his age. [63] (#cite_note-63) Charles responded to the video with a tweet denying the grooming accusations and stating that the boy initially claimed to be 18 years old. [64] (#cite_note-64) In March 2021, other underage boys accused Charles of sending unsolicited nude photos and pressuring them into sexting with him. [65] (#cite_note-65) [66] (#cite_note-66) [67] (#cite_note-:4-67) In April 2021, Charles posted a 14-minute-long video titled Holding Myself Accountable , in which he stated that he sent sexually explicit messages to "two different people, both under the age of 18", though he denied knowing they were underage at the time. [67] (#cite_note-:4-67) [68] (#cite_note-68) Charles called his past behavior "reckless" and "desperate", stating, "to the guys involved in the situation, I wanna say I'm sorry. I'm sorry that I flirted with you and I'm really sorry if I ever made you uncomfortable. It is completely unacceptable". [69] (#cite_note-69) [70] (#cite_note-70) [71] (#cite_note-71) [72] (#cite_note-72) Later that month, Morphe (/wiki/Morphe_Cosmetics) released a statement saying they would cut business ties with Charles and YouTube temporarily demonetized his channel. [73] (#cite_note-73) [74] (#cite_note-74) He returned to YouTube with a video titled An Open Conversation in July 2021. [75] (#cite_note-75) In a July 2023 interview with Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) , Charles denied being a groomer and alleged that screenshots from several accusers that went viral on social media were faked. He also stated that his brother had not spoken to him since the allegations were made and that he had contemplated suicide because of them. One of the initial underage accusers told Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) that he falsely told Charles he was 18 years old at the time. [76] (#cite_note-cosmo-76) [77] (#cite_note-77) Personal life Charles came out (/wiki/Coming_out) as gay (/wiki/Gay) to his parents at age 12. [78] (#cite_note-78) Addressing questions about his gender identity (/wiki/Gender_identity) , he stated, "I'm confident in myself and my gender identity – [I'm] happy being a boy. But at the same time, I love makeup. I have a full set of nails on all the time." [7] (#cite_note-abcint-7) As of 2019, his net worth was estimated to be US$12 million. [53] (#cite_note-:0-53) [79] (#cite_note-:1-79) In 2020, he purchased a US$7 million mansion in Los Angeles. [80] (#cite_note-80) Filmography Television roles Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2018 Alone Together (/wiki/Alone_Together_(TV_series)) Jasper Episode: "Pop-Up" [81] (#cite_note-81) Web roles Year Title Role Notes Ref. 2018 The Secret World of Jeffree Star (/wiki/The_Secret_World_of_Jeffree_Star) Himself Episode: "Becoming Jeffree Star for a Day" [82] (#cite_note-82) 2020 Nikita Unfiltered (/wiki/Nikita_Dragun) Himself Episode: "James Charles Confronts Nikita" [83] (#cite_note-83) [ better source needed ] 2020 Instant Influencer Judge Presenter and Judge; Season 1 Discography Singles Title Year Album "Call Me Back" 2024 TBA "Can We Just Be Friends" "Bring Me Water" Music videos Year Title Director 2024 "Can We Just Be Friends" James Charles and Strø Galang To Awards and nominations Award Year Category Work Result Ref. Kids' Choice Awards (/wiki/Kids%27_Choice_Awards) 2021 (/wiki/2021_Kids%27_Choice_Awards) Favorite Male Social Star Himself Won [84] (#cite_note-84) People's Choice Awards (/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Awards) 2018 (/wiki/44th_People%27s_Choice_Awards) Beauty Influencer Won [85] (#cite_note-85) 2019 (/wiki/45th_People%27s_Choice_Awards) Nominated [86] (#cite_note-86) 2020 (/wiki/46th_People%27s_Choice_Awards) Won [87] (#cite_note-87) Shorty Awards (/wiki/Shorty_Awards) 2017 (/wiki/9th_Shorty_Awards) Breakout YouTuber Won [88] (#cite_note-88) 2019 (/wiki/11th_Shorty_Awards) YouTuber of the Year Nominated [89] (#cite_note-89) Streamy Awards (/wiki/Streamy_Awards) 2018 (/wiki/8th_Streamy_Awards) Beauty Won [90] (#cite_note-90) 2019 (/wiki/9th_Streamy_Awards) Nominated [91] (#cite_note-91) 2020 (/wiki/10th_Streamy_Awards) Won [92] (#cite_note-92) [24] (#cite_note-streamywin2020-24) Creator of the Year Nominated Show of the Year Instant Influencer Won Unscripted Series Nominated Branded Content: Video "James Charles Spills the Tea on His Glow" Nominated Teen Choice Awards (/wiki/Teen_Choice_Awards) 2018 (/wiki/2018_Teen_Choice_Awards) Choice Fashion/Beauty Web Star Himself Won [93] (#cite_note-93) 2019 (/wiki/2019_Teen_Choice_Awards) Nominated [94] (#cite_note-94) References ^ a b "About James Charles" (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCucot-Zp428OwkyRm2I7v2Q/about) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Charles, James (May 23, 2020). "Drunk Makeup Tutorial" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z35gYP4z0vE&t=45s) . YouTube . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211109/z35gYP4z0vE) from the original on November 9, 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Tenbarge, Kat (May 29, 2020). "Beauty YouTuber James Charles got drunk for the first time ever on camera, 'blacked out,' and did a cotton candy-inspired eyeshadow look" (https://www.insider.com/james-charles-drunk-makeup-tutorial-first-time-birthday-video-2020-5) . Insider . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210615124403/https://www.insider.com/james-charles-drunk-makeup-tutorial-first-time-birthday-video-2020-5) from the original on June 15, 2021 . Retrieved January 23, 2021 . On May 23, James Charles says he got drunk for the first time ever. It was the beauty YouTuber's 21st birthday, and he filmed his celebration – which involved his friends, a cotton candy eyeshadow look, and a bottle of Don Julio 1942 tequila. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Garcia, Tess (May 25, 2019). "James Charles Cancelled His Nationwide "Sisters Tour" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/james-charles-cancels-tour) " (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/james-charles-cancels-tour) . Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210308211253/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/james-charles-cancels-tour) from the original on March 8, 2021 . Retrieved June 10, 2021 . James, who turned 20 on Thursday, May 23, began the video compilation by thanking his fans for their birthday wishes. ^ a b "YouTuber, Bethlehem native asks fans to stop showing up at his house" (https://www.timesunion.com/entertainment/article/YouTuber-Bethlehem-native-asks-fans-to-stop-13473532.php) . Times Union (/wiki/Times_Union_(Albany)) . December 17, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210131134230/https://www.timesunion.com/entertainment/article/YouTuber-Bethlehem-native-asks-fans-to-stop-13473532.php) from the original on January 31, 2021 . Retrieved January 27, 2021 . ^ a b Panych, Sophia (January 24, 2017). "James Charles Gets Real About Beauty—and Being a Role Model" (https://www.allure.com/story/james-charles-beauty-tips-role-model) . Allure (/wiki/Allure_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210126214010/https://www.allure.com/story/james-charles-beauty-tips-role-model) from the original on January 26, 2021 . Retrieved January 24, 2021 . ^ a b c d Hawkins, Sally (March 25, 2019). "Make-up artist, influencer James Charles opens up about beauty career and bullies" (https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/make-artist-influencer-james-charles-opens-beauty-career/story?id=61924967) . ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210119170217/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/make-artist-influencer-james-charles-opens-beauty-career/story?id=61924967) from the original on January 19, 2021 . Retrieved January 16, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Kelly, Dylan (December 17, 2020). "Ian Jeffrey Is the Next Model to Watch" (https://www.papermag.com/ian-jeffrey-fashion-model-2649533603.html?rebelltitem=11#rebelltitem11) . Paper . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210415190338/https://www.papermag.com/ian-jeffrey-fashion-model-2649533603.html?rebelltitem=11#rebelltitem11) from the original on April 15, 2021 . Retrieved April 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Gomez, Jasmine (May 15, 2019). "Who is James Charles's Brother Ian Jeffrey?" (https://www.seventeen.com/beauty/celeb-beauty/a27483172/ian-jeffrey-james-charles/) . Seventeen . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201126235503/https://www.seventeen.com/beauty/celeb-beauty/a27483172/ian-jeffrey-james-charles/) from the original on November 26, 2020 . Retrieved November 18, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "WATCH: James Charles throwback singing video will leave you shook" (https://www.girlfriend.com.au/watch-james-charles-throwback-singing-video-will-leave-you-shook) . Girlfriend . May 28, 2019 . Retrieved March 21, 2024 . ^ a b c Andrews, Travis M. (October 12, 2016). "CoverGirl's first CoverBoy: 17-year-old YouTube sensation James Charles" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/10/12/covergirls-first-coverboy-17-year-old-youtube-sensation-james-charles/) . The Washington Post . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190530121302/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/10/12/covergirls-first-coverboy-17-year-old-youtube-sensation-james-charles/) from the original on May 30, 2019 . Retrieved October 13, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "CoverGirl Announces Its First Male CoverGirl Spokesmodel" (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/a5274659/male-covergirl-james-charles/) . Cosmopolitan. September 5, 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190530121259/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/a5274659/male-covergirl-james-charles/) from the original on May 30, 2019 . Retrieved October 13, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Meet The First Ever Male CoverGirl, James Charles" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/cover-girl-boy-james-charles_us_57fbf36ee4b0b6a43034bd60) . Huffington Post (/wiki/Huffington_Post) . October 11, 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180915030654/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/cover-girl-boy-james-charles_us_57fbf36ee4b0b6a43034bd60) from the original on September 15, 2018 . Retrieved October 13, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Safronova, Valeriya (October 13, 2016). "Meet CoverGirl's New Cover Boy" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/fashion/meet-covergirls-new-cover-boy.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210109065100/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/fashion/meet-covergirls-new-cover-boy.html) from the original on January 9, 2021 . Retrieved January 19, 2021 . ^ a b Puglise, Nicole (October 11, 2016). "CoverGirl names makeup artist James Charles its first cover boy" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/oct/11/covergirl-james-charles-first-cover-boy-makeup-artist) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190530121257/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/oct/11/covergirl-james-charles-first-cover-boy-makeup-artist) from the original on May 30, 2019 . Retrieved May 12, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Lee, Amy (November 2, 2018). "James Charles Launches His First-Ever Makeup Collection" (https://www.etonline.com/james-charles-launches-his-first-ever-makeup-collection-112890) . Entertainment Tonight (/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210130020452/https://www.etonline.com/james-charles-launches-his-first-ever-makeup-collection-112890) from the original on January 30, 2021 . Retrieved January 24, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Waterson, Jim (January 27, 2019). "Birmingham brought to standstill by YouTuber James Charles" (https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/jan/27/birmingham-brought-to-standstill-after-visit-from-youtuber-james-charles) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190603200438/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/jan/27/birmingham-brought-to-standstill-after-visit-from-youtuber-james-charles) from the original on June 3, 2019 . Retrieved January 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "City gridlocked after YouTuber visit" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-birmingham-47013978) . BBC News . January 27, 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190530121258/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-birmingham-47013978) from the original on May 30, 2019 . Retrieved May 11, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "James Charles Turned Iggy Azalea Into a Drag Queen for Her New Single" (https://www.out.com/celebs/2019/3/01/james-charles-turned-iggy-azaela-drag-queen-her-new-single) . Out (/wiki/Out_(magazine)) . March 1, 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190530121257/https://www.out.com/celebs/2019/3/01/james-charles-turned-iggy-azaela-drag-queen-her-new-single) from the original on May 30, 2019 . Retrieved May 12, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Cooper, Mariah (March 18, 2019). 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Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210402005017/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56611614) from the original on April 2, 2021 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-71) Burke, Minyvonne (April 1, 2021). "YouTube beauty guru James Charles addresses allegations he sexted with minors" (https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/youtube-beauty-guru-james-charles-addresses-allegations-he-sexted-minors-n1262818) . NBC News (/wiki/NBC_News) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210401235225/https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/youtube-beauty-guru-james-charles-addresses-allegations-he-sexted-minors-n1262818) from the original on April 1, 2021 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-72) Amatulli, Jenna (April 1, 2021). "James Charles Posts Video About Underage Sexting Allegations: 'I F**ked Up' (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/james-charles-sexting-allegations_n_606618bfc5b67785b7777aed) " (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/james-charles-sexting-allegations_n_606618bfc5b67785b7777aed) . Huffington Post (/wiki/Huffington_Post) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210402000724/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/james-charles-sexting-allegations_n_606618bfc5b67785b7777aed) from the original on April 2, 2021 . Retrieved April 2, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-73) Vlamis, Kelsey (April 17, 2021). "Makeup brand Morphe is parting ways with beauty YouTuber James Charles amid reports he sent sexual messages to minors" (https://www.insider.com/morphe-parts-ways-with-james-charles-amid-sexual-misconduct-reports-2021-4) . Insider (/wiki/Insider_Inc.) . 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"James Charles Would Like to Be Un-Canceled, Please" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/a44535376/james-charles-interview-2023/) . cosmopolitan.com . Cosmopolitan Magazine (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . Retrieved July 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-77) Mohammed, Leyla (July 14, 2023). "James Charles Recalled Thinking About Suicide After The Grooming Allegations Surfaced And Revealed His Younger Brother Cut Ties With Him Over The Whole Thing" (https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/leylamohammed/james-charles-suicide-grooming-allegations-minors-brother) . BuzzFeed News (/wiki/BuzzFeed_News) . Retrieved February 16, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-78) Jones, Jaleesa M. (November 14, 2016). "James Charles talks historic role with CoverGirl, coming out on 'Ellen' (https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/11/14/first-ever-male-covergirl-james-charles-visits-the-ellen-show/93797642/) " (https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/11/14/first-ever-male-covergirl-james-charles-visits-the-ellen-show/93797642/) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210201020605/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/11/14/first-ever-male-covergirl-james-charles-visits-the-ellen-show/93797642/) from the original on February 1, 2021 . Retrieved January 27, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_79-0) "YouTube star James Charles loses 2m subscribers after row with fellow vlogger" (https://news.sky.com/story/youtube-star-james-charles-loses-2m-subscribers-after-row-with-fellow-vlogger-11718184) . Sky News (/wiki/Sky_News) . 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Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210615124432/https://www.insider.com/shane-dawson-tati-westbrook-video-jeffree-star-drama-timeline-cancelled-2020-6#in-between-dawsons-two-youtube-series-with-star-the-events-known-as-dramageddon-20-occurred-severing-major-ties-in-the-beauty-community-after-attacking-james-charles-star-never-produced-evidence-for-the-serious-allegations-he-made-dawson-was-not-publicly-involved-but-speculation-would-later-percolate-that-he-had-a-role-to-play-2) from the original on June 15, 2021 . Retrieved February 7, 2021 . The first series Dawson made with Star was about exploring Star's public persona since his early days as a Myspace-famous musician up to his evolution into a makeup YouTuber. Dawson...featured Star's then-friend and teenage collaborator James Charles. ^ (#cite_ref-83) Rearick, Lauren (March 20, 2020). "Let Nikita Dragun's New Snapchat Series Save You From Boredom" (https://www.nylon.com/nikita-dragun-snapchat-series) . Nylon . 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"Streamy Awards 2018: Winners List" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/streamy-awards-2018-winners-list-1146664/creator-of-the-year-4/) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210611022252/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/streamy-awards-2018-winners-list-1146664/creator-of-the-year-4/) from the original on June 11, 2021 . Retrieved June 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-91) Jarvey, Natalie (October 16, 2019). "Lilly Singh, David Dobrik and Emma Chamberlain Earn Streamy Award Nominations" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/streamy-awards-2019-full-list-nominations-1247997/) . The Hollywood Reporter (/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210611022255/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/streamy-awards-2019-full-list-nominations-1247997/) from the original on June 11, 2021 . Retrieved June 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-92) Ramos, Dino-Ray (October 21, 2020). "YouTube Streamy Awards Nominations Unveiled With David Dobrik, Emma Chamberlain And James Charles Leading The Pack" (https://deadline.com/2020/10/youtube-streamy-awards-nominations-david-dobrik-emma-chamberlain-james-charles-1234600902/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201101080633/https://deadline.com/2020/10/youtube-streamy-awards-nominations-david-dobrik-emma-chamberlain-james-charles-1234600902/) from the original on November 1, 2020 . Retrieved June 10, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-93) McDermott, Maeve (August 14, 2018). "Who won the Teen Choice Awards? See the full winners' list" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/08/13/teen-choice-awards-2018-winners-list/974624002/) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200218235334/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/08/13/teen-choice-awards-2018-winners-list/974624002/) from the original on February 18, 2020 . 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Outer garment for automobilists Dorothy Levitt (/wiki/Dorothy_Levitt) , early motoring 'scorcher' and advisor on what to wear A car coat is an outer garment originally made to be worn by automobile (/wiki/Automobile) drivers and passengers. First designed to provide maximum warmth and coverage, over time it became a much shorter garment. Today it describes a coat that typically ends at mid thigh. It is worn by both men and women. While fur, leather and heavy wool were preferred in the early days, today the coat may be made in a wide variety of materials. In the period after World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) , it took on design elements of the jeep coat worn by servicemen and this is when the shorter length became common. As car ownership grew so did the popularity of the coat; by the 1960s it was described as "ubiquitous". The car coat remains popular today, both as a functional and a fashion garment. 'Automobilists' fashion plate of around 1910, showing early car coats Early history of the car coat [ edit ] Originally the car coat was more usually termed 'motoring dress'. It emerged in the early 1900s, when driving was considered an outdoor sport (most cars were open top) and required protective clothing. [1] (#cite_note-The_Dictionary_of_Fashion_History-1) Clothing for men and women and for driver and passenger was relatively similar, comprising a long heavy coat. This was often in fur or lined with fur, although sometimes it was in heavy cloth. In summer, women would wear a duster coat (/wiki/Duster_coat) , sometimes called a dust coat, to cover their garments, in a cloth such as linen (/wiki/Linen) or alpaca wool (/wiki/Alpaca) . [1] (#cite_note-The_Dictionary_of_Fashion_History-1) This would be accessorised with gloves, goggles and a hat – women often wore elaborate hats and veils, while men would wear a cap. These accessories were worn year round. [1] (#cite_note-The_Dictionary_of_Fashion_History-1) A chauffeur, in around 1910. Similar heavy greatcoats in wool or leather were worn by male and female drivers Dorothy Levitt priming a carburettor and wearing an early version of a motoring 'duster' coat Motoring was still an activity for the elite, however the privations of driving in a vehicle that broke down frequently and provided no retreat from the elements, meant clothing had to be functional and warm. Sports motorist Dorothy Levitt (/wiki/Dorothy_Levitt) – author of the 1909 handbook The Woman and the Car and dubbed 'the fastest woman on earth' for her 'scorching' (speeding) antics round tracks such as Brooklands (/wiki/Brooklands) – provided useful tips for women drivers on what to wear, along with guidance about the mechanical aspects of driving. On choosing the right coat, she said: "Under no circumstance wear lace or fluffy adjuncts to your toilet. There is nothing like a thick frieze, homespun or tweed coat lined with fur. Do not heed the cry, 'nothing like leather.' Leather coats do not wear gracefully." [2] (#cite_note-WaC-2) 1920s styles [ edit ] In the 1920s, women continued to favour male motoring dress and this also crossed over into high fashion. A 1921 article in The Times (/wiki/The_Times) about the latest Paris fashions described a red leather motoring coat fastened with metal buckles. [3] (#cite_note-The_Times_42799.-3) Similar leather coats had been popular for chauffeurs and male motorists for several years. Fur was still popular, with a fashion correspondent noting that the Motor Show (/wiki/British_International_Motor_Show) in Olympia (/wiki/Olympia_(London)) was transforming shop windows around London. She recommended the latest craze for fur-lined coats in tweed (/wiki/Tweed_(cloth)) , wool velour (/wiki/Velour) and cheviot (/wiki/Cheviot_(cloth)) . Musquash (/wiki/Muskrat) and nutria (/wiki/Nutria_fur) were also being chosen by women motorists, while in Knightsbridge (/wiki/Knightsbridge) , one new store was offering women's coats suitable for motoring made from men's suiting cloth. [4] (#cite_note-The_Times_43787-4) Composer Zez Confrey (/wiki/Zez_Confrey) wearing a fur motoring coat – fur would remain popular driving gear for men and women Accessories also followed the unisex trend; The Times described the arrival of neat leather caps as a fashion accessory for women in 1923. [5] (#cite_note-The_Times_43486-5) This style of sporty hat was worn in the iconic Tamara de Lempicka (/wiki/Tamara_de_Lempicka) self-portrait of 1929 in which she is driving a green Bugatti (/wiki/Bugatti) with leather cap and driving gloves – reputed to be based on an Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) set that she had seen on the cover of the magazine Vu (/wiki/Vu_(magazine)) . As this portrait suggests, and Peter Thorold has noted, the car had become the ultimate symbol of modernity and emancipation, something that was reflected in the styling of clothes. [6] (#cite_note-The_Motoring_Age_Thorold-6) Although no coat is visible in the de Lempicka portrait, by the late 1920s the latest motoring coats from France were worn long, made of tweed or flannel with narrow leather belts and collars in fur or flannel. [7] (#cite_note-The_Times_45528-7) Wide raglan sleeves were popular – allowing freedom of movement – and collars could be military in style with buttons up to the neck. [8] (#cite_note-The_Times-8) Reporting on fashions in the shops ahead of the 1931 Motor Show, The Times described not only furs, but a new trend for shorter coats – made of suede and silk lined with zips (/wiki/Zipper) as fastening – for walking and motoring. [9] (#cite_note-The_Times_46263-9) As cars became more common and designs provided more protection from the elements, clothing reduced in weight and quantity. However the leather motoring coat remained popular as a distinct item of dress throughout the 1930s. [1] (#cite_note-The_Dictionary_of_Fashion_History-1) The jeep coat – as worn by servicemen during World War II – was the forerunner to the modern car coat Postwar designs [ edit ] The immediate precursor to the postwar (modern) car coat was based around the jeep coat (/wiki/Jeep_coat) , a design popular in wartime (/wiki/World_War_II) for the drivers of open-topped vehicles. This was generally of a shorter length, ending at mid thigh. [1] (#cite_note-The_Dictionary_of_Fashion_History-1) By the early 1960s, some car coats were being designed in nylon (/wiki/Nylon) , a report from the British Nylon Spinners' Fair in London in 1961 described a new washable mock suede car coat with brushed fleece nylon lining as: "one of the good possibilities" of the technology. [10] (#cite_note-The_Times_54998-10) Real leathers remained popular – showerproof suede models with detachable collars and large leather buttons were being designed for women by 1964. These were also in the shorter length, ending at mid thigh. [11] (#cite_note-The_Times_56170-11) Another new motoring design was the roebuck (/wiki/Roe_deer) suede (deerskin) jacket, designed at hip length for both women and men, and described as a real innovation because: "A suede upon which grease, alcohol, even motor oil has no effect is a find indeed." [12] (#cite_note-The_Times_56485-12) Warmth was still considered a key component of the car coat, with water-repellent poplin (/wiki/Poplin) models with padded and quilted linings being designed for women as "knock-about car coats". These came complete with detachable hoods and toggle fastenings. [12] (#cite_note-The_Times_56485-12) Fur was still being promoted for motorists, but as a prestige item to go with prestige cars. An advert from 1965 in The Times by the National Fur Company entitled "An ocelot in your Jaguar" said: "We consider that an important feature of a car coat is its length – about halfway between a jacket and a 3/4 coat. At this length, it's comfortable to wear when driving. It doesn't ride up. Or 'seat'. And there is no risk of undue wear on the seat or back." [13] (#cite_note-The_Times_56457-13) The "ubiquitous" car coat [ edit ] By the late 1960s, the car coat was an item of leisurewear, rather than simply a motoring accessory, and was being produced in a variety of fabrics, including sheepskin (/wiki/Shearling) and the new manmade fur (/wiki/Fake_fur) varieties. A fashion writer describing the uses of faux fur said: "Apart from coats they are made into all kinds of leisure wear, of which the now ubiquitous car coat is a conspicuous example. Derived from the more expensive but still popular sheepskin jacket, it is usually made from a cotton suedette or brushed nylon outer fabric lined with an acrylic pile". [14] (#cite_note-The_Times_56614-14) Football commentator John Motson (/wiki/John_Motson) got his first car coat in 1972, subsequently having them tailored in Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) While women continued to wear the car-coat length – among others – by the mid-1960s the car coat had become a staple item of the male wardrobe. Editor of The Tailor and Cutter magazine John Taylor, writing in 1966, said: "The riding mac was the equivalent in the nineteen twenties and thirties of the car coat of the nineteen fifties and sixties. If a riding mac was worn there was the suggestion that it had been bought for a specific purpose. The wearer probably owned a hack and therefore was not a member of the hoi polloi . For similar reasons today, however submerged in the psyches of their owners the reasons may lie, there are far more car coats in male wardrobes than there are cars in garages." [15] (#cite_note-The_Times_56825-15) Although the car coat was by now a familiar item, it did not mean it couldn't be reinvented. Michael Carr, who had designed an ergonomic (/wiki/Ergonomics) racing suit for his company's co-director Stirling Moss (/wiki/Stirling_Moss) applied first design principles to add functionality. Made of waterproofed poplin, his design of 1968 featured a zip front and separate velcro (/wiki/Velcro) quick fasten strip. Buttons were designed so they didn't catch on the car seat belt (/wiki/Seat_belt) , gathered cuffs excluded draughts and pockets were designed to fall on the knee while seated in the car. There was also an interior deep pocket for roadmaps. [16] (#cite_note-The_Times_57183-16) During the 1970s, the car coat continued to be a wardrobe staple for men, while car coat became a description of cut and length in women's fashion (often looser and always shorter than a traditional coat). Car coats in popular culture [ edit ] In late 1960s U.K., "shearling" car coats were favored by early skinheads. [17] (#cite_note-Museum_of_Youth_Culture-17) From the 1980s on, the men's car coat started to symbolise a particular character or walk of life on British TV and in the press, especially when worn in sheepskin or camel hair. Sheepskin was the style favoured by Del Boy (/wiki/Del_Boy) in Only Fools & Horses (/wiki/Only_Fools_%26_Horses) and by football (/wiki/Association_football) managers. It was also worn by detectives in The Sweeney (/wiki/The_Sweeney) . [18] (#cite_note-BBC_Nursey-18) [19] (#cite_note-The_Sunday_Times_Gerard-19) Later, the Life on Mars (/wiki/Life_on_Mars_(UK_TV_series)) detective series, in which the hero is transported back to the 1970s, would reprise the car coat by giving DCI Gene Hunt (/wiki/Gene_Hunt) a scruffy version in camel wool. [20] (#cite_note-Daily_Mirror_220409-20) More celebrated still are the trademarked sheepskin car coats worn by BBC football commentator John Motson (/wiki/John_Motson) – he wore his first in 1972, acquired from a furrier he met at a party in Chelsea, and subsequently had them made on Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) . [21] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Lawson-21) It had become such a shorthand description for British football pundits by the late 1990s that a Times feature about the warm-up for the 1998 World Cup began with the description: "Paul Sexton, our man in the sheepskin car coat, on the tournament for the World Cup". [22] (#cite_note-The_Times_66228-22) Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) shearling car coat at Fall 2010 New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) The character of James Bond (/wiki/James_Bond) , as portrayed by actor Timothy Dalton (/wiki/Timothy_Dalton) , wore a black leather car coat made by Kenzō Takada (/wiki/Kenz%C5%8D_Takada) in key scenes of 1987's The Living Daylights (/wiki/The_Living_Daylights) movie, the 15th film of the popular British motion picture franchise. Fantasy and science fiction author Michael Moorcock (/wiki/Michael_Moorcock) 's Jerry Cornelius (/wiki/Jerry_Cornelius) often wears car coats. Fashion revivals [ edit ] In the late 1990s the car coat attracted attention as a fashion curiosity when Liam Gallagher (/wiki/Liam_Gallagher) wore a sheepskin model to the Brit Awards (/wiki/Brit_Awards) ; Craig David (/wiki/Craig_David) wore a similar design in 2001. [23] (#cite_note-The_Times_65823-23) [24] (#cite_note-Guardian_Onanuga-24) [25] (#cite_note-The_Times_67317-25) The car coat length has remained popular since 2008 – with GQ (/wiki/GQ) citing the " Mad Men (/wiki/Mad_Men) effect" as a contributor to the revival of more formal and retro styles. [26] (#cite_note-GQ_Durbin-26) In 2010–11, it was popular on the catwalks for both men's and women's coats. [27] (#cite_note-Esquire_061011-27) [28] (#cite_note-DT_Armstrong-28) Some versions were in fur and shearling (/wiki/Shearling) (sheepskin), as well as in camel colourways. In 2013, it was described as the best coat length of the season. [29] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Freeman-29) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e Cumming, Valerie; Cunnington, C.W.; Cunnington, P. (2010). The Dictionary of Fashion History . Oxford: Berg. p. 135. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847887382 . Retrieved 10 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-WaC_2-0) Levitt, Dorothy (1909). The Woman and the Car . H. Evelyn. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-238-78967-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_42799._3-0) "A Woman's View: Paris Fashions". The Times . No. 42799. 15 August 1921. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_43787_4-0) "Round the shops: motoring outfits". The Times . No. 43787. 20 October 1924. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_43486_5-0) "London fashions: some new millinery". The Times . No. 43486. 31 October 1923. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Motoring_Age_Thorold_6-0) Thorold, Peter (2003). The Motoring Age: 1896-1939 . Hatton Garden, London: Profile Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847651020 . Retrieved 10 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_45528_7-0) "Paris Fashions: Midsummer out of doors". The Times . No. 45528. 2 June 1930. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_8-0) "Round the shops: clothes for election campaign". The Times . No. 45955. 16 October 1931. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_46263_9-0) "Trade improved by cold weather: Motor Show visitors". The Times . No. 46263. 13 October 1932. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_54998_10-0) "Here and There". The Times . No. 54998. 6 February 1961. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_56170_11-0) "Devoted to women". The Times . No. 56170. 16 November 1964. ^ a b "Coats in roebuck suede". The Times . No. 56485. 22 November 1965. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_56457_13-0) "About Fur: No.4. An ocelot in your Jaguar? (advert)". The Times . No. 56457. 20 October 1965. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_56614_14-0) Elvin, Rene (25 April 1966). "The new status symbol – deep pile fabrics". The Times . No. 56614. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_56825_15-0) Taylor, John (29 December 1966). "English weather puts us into top gear". The Times . No. 56825. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_57183_16-0) King-Deacon, Antony (23 February 1968). "Business Habits: sartorial science". The Times . No. 57183. ^ (#cite_ref-Museum_of_Youth_Culture_17-0) "Hard Mod to Skin" (https://museumofyouthculture.com/skinheads/) . Museum of Youth Culture . Retrieved 30 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-BBC_Nursey_18-0) " (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-26684324) 'Del Boy' sheepskin factory Nursey of Bungay shuts" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-26684324) . BBC. 21 March 2014 . Retrieved 13 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Sunday_Times_Gerard_19-0) Gerard, Jasper (14 December 2003). "It's a woman's life in The Sweeney" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141112232411/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/article34223.ece) . The Sunday Times. Archived from the original (http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/article34223.ece) on November 12, 2014 . Retrieved 11 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Daily_Mirror_220409_20-0) "Gene Hunt's camel coat to make return in Ashes to Ashes" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/gene-hunts-camel-coat-to-make-389735) . Daily Mirror. 22 April 2009 . Retrieved 11 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_Lawson_21-0) Lawson, James (28 June 2008). "John Motson: The Full Motty" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/john-motson-the-full-motty-856104.html) . The Guardian . Retrieved 11 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_66228_22-0) Sexton, Paul (15 June 1998). "Soccer it to me baby". The Times . No. 66228. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_65823_23-0) Shilling, Jane (26 February 1997). "Pass the cocoa, Liam". The Times . No. 65823. ^ (#cite_ref-Guardian_Onanuga_24-0) Onanuga, Tola (23 March 2009). "Is Liam Gallagher a fashion pioneer" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/gallery/2009/mar/23/liam-gallagher-fashion-pioneer) . The Guardian . Retrieved 12 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_67317_25-0) "Sheep's clothing". The Times . No. 67317. 8 December 2001. ^ (#cite_ref-GQ_Durbin_26-0) Durbin, Jonathan (28 October 2008). "This Just In: La Rosa vintage car coat" (https://www.gq.com/style/blogs/the-gq-eye/2008/10/this-just-in-la-rosa-vintage-car-coat.html) . GQ . Retrieved 12 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Esquire_061011_27-0) "Smart Buy - Gloverall Anniversary Car Coat" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141113000304/http://www.esquire.co.uk/style/fashion/1188/smart-buy-gloverall-anniversary-car-coat/) . Esquire. 6 October 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.esquire.co.uk/style/fashion/1188/smart-buy-gloverall-anniversary-car-coat/) on 13 November 2014 . Retrieved 12 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-DT_Armstrong_28-0) Alexander, Hilary (15 February 2010). "Diane Von Furstenberg autumn/winter 2010/11 collection" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/Article/TMG7242011/190/Diane-Von-Furstenberg-autumnwinter-201011-collection-New-York-Fashion-Week.html) . Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 12 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_Freeman_29-0) Freeman, Hadley (10 June 2013). "What should I be looking for in a summer coat this year?" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2013/jun/10/what-summer-coat-this-year) . The Guardian . Retrieved 12 November 2014 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Automobile coats (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Automobile_coats) . Tamara de Lempicka self-portrait in green Bugatti (http://www.wikiart.org/en/tamara-de-lempicka/portrait-in-the-green-bugatti-1925) Archive John Rawlings fashion images of women wearing car coats, from Petrolicious (https://web.archive.org/web/20141112230651/http://www.petrolicious.com/dress-to-drive-photography-by-john-rawlings) Vintage sheepskin car coats at The Weejun (http://www.theweejun.com/the-ivy-shearling-car-coat-sawyer-of-napa/) v t e Historical clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings Body-length (/wiki/Suit) Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Banyan (/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_(clothing)) Court dress (Empire of Japan) (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Empire_of_Japan) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Justacorps (/wiki/Justacorps) Paenula (/wiki/Paenula) Peplos (/wiki/Peplos) Stola (/wiki/Stola) Toga (/wiki/Toga) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bedgown (/wiki/Bedgown) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Peascod belly (/wiki/Peascod_belly) Poet shirt (/wiki/Poet_shirt) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Braccae (/wiki/Braccae) Breeches (/wiki/Breeches) Sompot Chong Kben (/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben) Culottes (/wiki/Culottes) Harem (/wiki/Harem_pants) Knickerbockers (/wiki/Knickerbockers_(clothing)) Pedal pushers (/wiki/Pedal_pushers) Saragüells (/w/index.php?title=Sarag%C3%BCells&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ca (https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarag%C3%BCells) ] Skirts (/wiki/Skirt) Hobble (/wiki/Hobble_skirt) Poodle (/wiki/Poodle_skirt) Safeguard (/wiki/Safeguard_(costume)) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sinh (/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)) Train (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) Dresses (/wiki/Dress) Bliaut (/wiki/Bliaut) Close-bodied gown (/wiki/Close-bodied_gown) Debutante (/wiki/Debutante_dress) Gown (/wiki/Gown) Kirtle (/wiki/Kirtle) Mantua (/wiki/Mantua_(clothing)) Polonaise (/wiki/Polonaise_(clothing)) Robe de cour (/wiki/Robe_de_cour) Sack-back gown (/wiki/Sack-back_gown) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_dress) Tea gown (/wiki/Tea_gown) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Capote (/wiki/Capote_(garment)) Car coat Caraco (/wiki/Caraco) Cardinal cloak (/wiki/Cardinal_cloak) Chamail (/wiki/Chamail_(clothing)) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) Kinsale cloak (/wiki/Kinsale_cloak) Dolman (/wiki/Dolman) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Duster (/wiki/Duster_(clothing)) Exomis (/wiki/Exomis) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) Himation (/wiki/Himation) Houppelande (/wiki/Houppelande) Inverness cape (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin) Kandys (/wiki/Kandys) Mackinaw jacket (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Nadiri (/wiki/Nadiri) Norfolk jacket (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) Overfrock (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Pañuelo (/wiki/Pa%C3%B1uelo) Palla (/wiki/Palla_(garment)) Pallium (/wiki/Pallium_(Roman_cloak)) Pelisse (/wiki/Pelisse) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Galway shawl (/wiki/Galway_shawl) Kullu (/wiki/Kullu_shawl) Smock-frock (/wiki/Smock-frock) Spencer (/wiki/Spencer_(clothing)) Surcoat (/wiki/Surcoat) Surtout (/wiki/Surtout) Ulster coat (/wiki/Ulster_coat) Visite (/wiki/Visite) Witzchoura (/wiki/Witzchoura) Underwear (/wiki/Undergarment) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bustle (/wiki/Bustle) Chausses (/wiki/Chausses) Chemise (/wiki/Chemise) Codpiece (/wiki/Codpiece) Corselet (/wiki/Corselet) Corset (/wiki/Corset) Waist cincher (/wiki/Waist_cincher) Dickey (/wiki/Dickey_(garment)) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Crinoline (/wiki/Crinoline) Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Pannier (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Liberty bodice (/wiki/Liberty_bodice) Loincloth (/wiki/Loincloth) Open drawers (/wiki/Open_drawers) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) Peignoir (/wiki/Peignoir) Pettipants (/wiki/Pettipants) Union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Apex (/wiki/Apex_(headdress)) Arakhchin (/wiki/Arakhchin) Attifet (/wiki/Attifet) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Ba tầm (/wiki/Ba_t%E1%BA%A7m) Bergère (/wiki/Berg%C3%A8re_hat) Blessed hat (/wiki/Blessed_sword_and_hat) Bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Capotain (/wiki/Capotain) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalier (/wiki/Cavalier_hat) Coif (/wiki/Coif) Coonskin (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) Cornette (/wiki/Cornette) Dunce (/wiki/Dunce_cap) Fillet (/wiki/Fillet_(clothing)) French hood (/wiki/French_hood) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Gable hood (/wiki/Gable_hood) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Jeongjagwan (/wiki/Jeongjagwan) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kausia (/wiki/Kausia) Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Llawt'u (/wiki/Llawt%27u) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Matron's badge (/wiki/Matron%27s_badge) Miner's 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Men's hair care, skin care, shaving and clothes care, primarily relating to appearance See also: Body grooming (/wiki/Body_grooming) Male grooming refers to men paying attention to fashion and enhancing their own appearance. This interest has become increasingly apparent in popular culture. [1] (#cite_note-1) Background and history [ edit ] See also: Category:Male grooming brands (/wiki/Category:Male_grooming_brands) This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Male_grooming&action=edit§ion=) . ( February 2021 ) By location [ edit ] According to Statista (/wiki/Statista) , by 2024 the global male grooming market is estimated to be worth about US $81.2 billion. [2] (#cite_note-2) Korea [ edit ] South Korea (/wiki/South_Korea) has become a center of cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) use by men due to "appearance competition", where men wear makeup to compete in tight job markets. The Korean wave (/wiki/Korean_wave) cultural phenomenon, which includes K-pop (/wiki/K-pop) , has also strongly influenced male grooming. As pop idols (/wiki/Kpop_idol) in their 20s and so-called "flower boys" [3] (#cite_note-3) have grown in popularity, the perception of men's makeup has changed. While it was once common for men who wore makeup to be associated with drag queens (/wiki/Drag_queen) or homosexuality (/wiki/Homosexuality) in western cultures, Korean (/wiki/South_Korea) male idols, although they are boyish in appearance, otherwise project masculinity. Men are encouraged to copy the makeup of Korean male idols. In fashion and beauty magazines overseas, there are many articles on skin care and makeup tutorials inspired by Korean pop stars. [4] (#cite_note-4) China [ edit ] The "woman-like man" has become a new trend in China (/wiki/China) , where a growing number of young men are interested in makeup. [5] (#cite_note-5) The number of internet broadcasters and beauty bloggers (/wiki/Bloggers) who produce makeup videos for men has increased rapidly. Accordingly, the men's cosmetics industry has grown rapidly in China. According to German (/wiki/Germany) market-research firm Statista (/wiki/Statista) , the size of the men's cosmetics industry in China reached 201.3 billion yuan as of May 2018. Chinese e-commerce company JD.com (/wiki/JD.com) said that the sales of beauty products for men has more than doubled since 2015. Mask packs, BB cream (/wiki/BB_cream) , and lipstick (/wiki/Lipstick) are popular products. [6] (#cite_note-6) United States [ edit ] Men's grooming has grown substantially in the US and is projected to grow over the next [ when? ] decade. [7] (#cite_note-7) Hair care [ edit ] Hair styling [ edit ] Barber shops (/wiki/Barber) are also one of the places that can assist modern grooming men. Barbers are licensed professionals who are trained to cut, shave, and style head hair and beards. Male grooming products—including pomades, shave products, powder, beard oil, and shampoo and conditioners—can be purchased at barbershop. Interest in eyebrow trimming and eyebrow makeup has also increased, [8] (#cite_note-8) and sales of eyebrow beauty tools have increased in the last few years. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Body grooming [ edit ] The grooming of male bodily hair has a long history in human culture for both cultural, aesthetic, sexual and practical purposes (see: History of male body grooming (/wiki/Body_grooming#Grooming_through_the_ages) ). From the ancient Egyptians and Greeks up until modern times, the trimming or removing of body hair has been particularly popular among athletes, for whom it can provide a slight competitive edge in activities such as wrestling, running, swimming, and more recently, cycling (see: Reasons for grooming (/wiki/Body_grooming#Reasons_for_body_grooming) ). In recent decades, male bodily hair removal and trimming, as distinct from head hair grooming activities, has seen a revival for aesthetic and sexual purposes. This rising prevalence has led to the coining of the term 'manscaping' as a specific neologism to describe the practice. [11] (#cite_note-11) The term is a portmanteau (/wiki/Portmanteau) of the words ' man (/wiki/Man) ' and ' landscaping (/wiki/Landscaping) ', and its first known use was in 2003. [12] (#cite_note-12) Skin care [ edit ] Male cosmetics in drug store Men's cosmetics products (/wiki/Male_cosmetics) — toners (/wiki/Toner_(skin_care)) , fragrances, and lotions (/wiki/Lotion) —have gained a foothold in the mainstream market. In addition, cosmetics that can be used by either men or women have become popular. [13] (#cite_note-13) The Korean (/wiki/Korea) men's cosmetics market has steadily grown from 733 billion won (/wiki/South_Korean_won) , in 2010, to 1.23 trillion won, in 2016, and to 1.23 trillion won ( c. US $1.1 bn), in 2018. About 75% of Korean men use cosmetics more than once a week, according to global data from overseas market research institutions, which indicates that the percentage of men who use cosmetics in Korea is higher than that of other countries. [14] (#cite_note-auto-14) According to a recent survey by Mintel (/wiki/Mintel) , a global market research firm, 70% of 1,000 American (/wiki/United_States) men use sunscreen (/wiki/Sunscreen) , and 67% of men use cosmetics for their facial skin. [15] (#cite_note-15) BB cream (/wiki/BB_cream) is used to heighten skin tone. [16] (#cite_note-16) Men's BB cream is characterized by its delicate and natural persistence. This covers skin defects, but does not look like one is wearing makeup. [17] (#cite_note-17) Eyebrow pencil (/wiki/Eyebrow_pencil) is used to sculpt the eyes by accentuating the contour of the brows and define the brows for a natural look. Men with sparse or thin brows use eyebrow pencil for fuller-looking brows. [18] (#cite_note-18) Lip balm (/wiki/Lip_balm) is a beauty item that is easily available to men who don't wear makeup. Colored lip balm is popular because it is used not only for moisturizing but also to help with skin tone. Colored lip balm is suitable for men who prefer a natural look because it can brighten lips with color that compliments natural skin tone, but more subtly than lipstick (/wiki/Lipstick) or tint. [19] (#cite_note-19) [14] (#cite_note-auto-14) Cosmetic surgery [ edit ] Men are willing to go to the operating room to make a favorable impression. [20] (#cite_note-20) Botox [ edit ] Men with small wrinkles on their faces, such as around the eyes and mouth, are seeking Botox (/wiki/Botulinum_toxin) treatments, such as what women get. [21] (#cite_note-21) Middle-aged men get Botox surgery for skin regeneration and wrinkle removal in the hope of securing a new job. [22] (#cite_note-22) Eyebrow tattoo [ edit ] The eyebrows play a big role in facial expression to the extent that they are called "the roof of the face". [ citation needed ] Over 100,000 years, the role of eyebrows has become more important as the size of human faces has become smaller and the facial lines have become smoother. [ citation needed ] Dark eyebrows on a small face make other people more aware of facial expressions. [23] (#cite_note-23) Recently, there has been a trend of men tattooing their eyebrows. The process of a permanent eyebrow tattoo involves designing the eyebrows and filling with pigment. [24] (#cite_note-24) Contouring injection surgery [ edit ] Male contouring injection surgery removes fat from the face and creates clearly defined facial features. [25] (#cite_note-25) Waxing and laser procedures [ edit ] Men are having laser treatments for permanent removal of facial and body hair. [26] (#cite_note-26) Influence in society [ edit ] Increasing importance of personal appearance [ edit ] When asked "What do you think are the criteria for a nice man?", in a survey conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office (/w/index.php?title=Korea_National_Statistical_Office&action=edit&redlink=1) , "look and fashion" accounted for 22.7%, followed by character, economy, and values. When asked "What do you think of a well-dressed man?", 37.2% thought "cool" and 30.1% said "I want to try". [27] (#cite_note-27) In addition, there is the phenomenon of men valuing appearance over ability. People are undergoing cosmetic surgery to make favorable impressions during interviews. [28] (#cite_note-28) As a result of the perception that a change in facial shape improves first impressions, facial contouring surgery is becoming popular across industries. [29] (#cite_note-:0-29) Corporate strategy [ edit ] There has been a growth in corporate gifting to align with the demand for men's grooming products. [30] (#cite_note-30) Men with sharp features are finding opportunities in conventional advertising. Both men and women have changed their perception of men looking after their appearance in relation to being competitive in the job market and in marrying. [29] (#cite_note-:0-29) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) 강, 태우 (2016-03-22). "꾸미는 남성 '그루밍족' (https://news.joins.com/article/19760048) " (https://news.joins.com/article/19760048) [Decorating male Groomingjok]. JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-10-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Men's grooming industry market size 2024" (https://www.statista.com/statistics/287643/global-male-grooming-market-size/) . Statista . Retrieved 2020-07-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) " (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42499809) 'Flowerboys' and the appeal of 'soft masculinity' (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42499809) " (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42499809) . 2018-09-05 . Retrieved 2019-04-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) 김, 은영 (2018-08-27). "샤넬, 한국에서 남성 화장품 첫 출시...세계 시장 주도하는 한국의 '화장남' (http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2018/08/27/2018082700739.html) " (http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2018/08/27/2018082700739.html) [Chanel, the first male cosmetics to be released in Korea...Korea's 'Grooming male' led by the global market]. Chosun.com (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Report Says Chinese Men Spend 24 Minutes Grooming Daily, Signaling Market Opportunity (https://jingdaily.com/chinese-mens-grooming-market/) (Report) . Retrieved 2020-08-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) 이, 선목 (2018-09-19). "중국도 '꽃미남' 트렌드…'화장하는' 남자 늘어난다" (http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2018/09/19/2018091902731.html) [China is also a "pretty boy" trend. The number of "make-up" men is increasing.]. Chosun.com (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) ltd, Research and Markets. "Male Grooming Products Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2022-2027" (https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5562425/male-grooming-products-market-global-industry) . www.researchandmarkets.com . Retrieved 2022-05-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) 김, 재련. "[뷰티누리] 더 다양하고 강력해진 맨즈뷰티 시장" (http://www.beautynury.com/news/view/81215/cat/20) [More diverse and powerful Man's Beauty Market]. Beautynury . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) 박, 미주 (2018-02-27). "[박미주의 美치다]남자도 '눈썹 문신'하는 시대…흔남서 '훈남'으로" (http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2018022611103519831) [The days when men get their eyebrows tattooed...from a common man to a 'hot guy']. The Asia Business Daily (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Hair Care Products Guide (https://jerichoskincare.com.au/collections/haircare) ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Manscaping: the act of a man having body hair removed or cut in order to improve his appearance" (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/manscaping) . Cambridge Dictionary . Retrieved 2021-09-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Manscaping: the trimming or shaving of a man's body hair so as to enhance his appearance" (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/manscaping) . Merriam-Webster Dictionary . Retrieved 2021-09-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) 박, 성은. "꾸미는 남성 '그루밍족' 따라 화장품도 진화" (http://www.asiatoday.co.kr/view.php?key=20150320010012658) [Cosmetics also evolved according to the "grooming" man.]. Asia Today (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ Jump up to: a b 문, 호현. "외모 가꾸는 남성들…'그루밍족'을 잡아라" (http://news.mk.co.kr/newsRead.php?sc=30000001&year=2018&no=552297) [Make-up men...Catch the Grooming people.]. MK News (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) 남, 상욱. " (http://www.koreatimes.com/article/20180625/1187014) '남자도 화장시대' 피부관리 기본, 눈썹 문신까지 - 미주 한국일보" (http://www.koreatimes.com/article/20180625/1187014) [Men's makeup era. Skin care is basic, to eyebrow tattoos.]. www.koreatimes.com . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) 이, 규진 (2018-09-05). "男 뷰티시장이 뜬다 패션뷰티업체, 남성 화장품에 도전장" (https://www.ajunews.com/view/20180905164205966) ["Male Beauty Market is Rise" A fashion beauty company that challenges men's cosmetics]. Aju News (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) 정, 영일 (2018-05-08). "티 안 나는 남자비비크림…BB크림 대신 NC크림에 주목" (http://m.nextdaily.co.kr/news/article.html?id=20180506800002&obj=Tzo4OiJzdGRDbGFzcyI6Mjp7czo3OiJyZWZlcmVyIjtOO3M6NzoiZm9yd2FyZCI7czoxMzoid2ViIHRvIG1vYmlsZSI7fQ==) [Man's BB Cream which doesn't look like . Attention to NC Cream instead of BB Cream]. Next Daily (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) " (https://ccnews.lawissue.co.kr/view.php?ud=2020111613142735204ead0791_12) '관리하는 남자, 눈에 힘주다'... 남성 겨냥 아이 메이크업 제품 쏟아져" (https://ccnews.lawissue.co.kr/view.php?ud=2020111613142735204ead0791_12) . 16 November 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-19) 임, 수빈 (2018-08-31). " (http://www.nbntv.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=116300) '관리 좀 한다'하는 남자들의 H&B 스토어 고정픽" (http://www.nbntv.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=116300) [H&B store fixed-pics for men who 'take care of well']. NBN TV (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "아름다움을 찾는 남성들 '그루밍족'…성형에 아낌없이 투자" (https://news.joins.com/article/13256408) [The 'Grooming people' who are looking for beauty...lavish investment in plastic surgery]. Joongang Ilbo (in Korean). 2013-11-28 . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) 이, 기영 (2017-10-11). "그루밍족 호기심 자극하는 남자쁘띠성형 종류는? - 세종포스트" (http://www.sjpost.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=21230) [What is the male petit type plastic surgery that stimulates the curiosity of the Grooming people?]. Sejong Post (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Staff, WSJ. "왜 남성들은 성형수술을 하는가" (http://realtime.wsj.com/korea/2011/05/25/%EC%99%9C-%EB%82%A8%EC%84%B1%EB%93%A4%EC%9D%80-%EC%84%B1%ED%98%95%EC%88%98%EC%88%A0%EC%9D%84-%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94%EA%B0%80/) [Why do men have plastic surgery?]. The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) 박, 지윤. "반영구 화장 눈썹문신 관심…프라이빗 맞춤디자인 시술 수강 울산 '제이카라' (http://www.cctvnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=90278) " (http://www.cctvnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=90278) [Interested in a pair of semi permanent makeup and eyebrow tattoos. Private Custom Design Practice Ulsan 'Jakara']. CCTV News (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) 이, 세연 (11 July 2018). "이미지 좌우하는 눈썹, 맞춤 디자인 '눈썹이식'으로 자연스러운 메이크오버 가능해" (http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0012513374) [Image-driven eyebrows and custom-designed "eye brow transplant" enable natural makeup over.]. news.kmib.co.kr (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) 이, 기영 (2017-09-26). "남자들도 턱보톡스·윤곽주사·코필러 등 간단한 성형 시술 문의 늘어 - 세종포스트" (http://www.sjpost.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=20822) [More men are inquiring about simple cosmetic procedures such as jaw botox, contouring injection, and nose filler etc.]. Sejong Post (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) 김, 용섭 (2017-10-10). "[클라스업] 제모하는 남자들" (http://www.bizhankook.com/bk/article/14162) [Men who have a waxing]. Biz Hankook (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) " (http://www.korea.kr/policy/societyView.do?newsId=148841411&call_from=naver_news) "당신은 소중하니까요"…가꾸는 남자 '그루밍족' (http://www.korea.kr/policy/societyView.do?newsId=148841411&call_from=naver_news) " (http://www.korea.kr/policy/societyView.do?newsId=148841411&call_from=naver_news) [Because you're precious 'Grooming Man']. Statistics Korea . ^ (#cite_ref-28) 박, 영일. "예쁜 남자, 그루밍족이 뜬다" (http://www.m-economynews.com/news/article.html?no=18752) [A pretty man, Grooming male is on rise]. M Economy News (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-26 . ^ Jump up to: a b 이, 광주. "방학기간 그루밍족 남자성형 열풍..눈, 코, 윤곽성형까지" (http://www.fashionbiz.co.kr/TN/?cate=2&recom=2&idx=162126) [The man plastic surgery of the grooming male during the vacation such as eye, nose and contour]. www.fashionbiz.co.kr . Retrieved 2018-11-26 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) 이, 창호 (2017-09-28). "[트렌드줌인] 추석선물 인기 '남성화장품', 화장하는 '그루밍족' 확산?" (http://www.dailypop.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=25699) [Popular for Chusok gifts: 'Men Cosmetics' and make-up 'Grooming male' spread?]. Daily Pop (in Korean) . Retrieved 2018-11-26 . 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Australian fashion brand Paolo Sebastian Company type Couture Brand Industry Fashion Founded 2007 Founder Paul Vasileff (/wiki/Paul_Vasileff) Headquarters Adelaide (/wiki/Adelaide) , South Australia (/wiki/South_Australia) , Australia Website http://www.paolosebastian.com (http://www.paolosebastian.com) Paolo Sebastian is an Australian fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house) , founded by designer Paul Vasileff (/wiki/Paul_Vasileff) . [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) The atelier is located in South Australia (/wiki/South_Australia) , and the label is known for creating designs featuring intricate details and honouring the traditional methods of craftsmanship. [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) History [ edit ] Paul Vasileff (/wiki/Paul_Vasileff) launched Paolo Sebastian in 2007 at the age of seventeen, after studying at Adelaide technical college and at Milan's Istituto Europeo di Design (/wiki/Istituto_Europeo_di_Design) . [3] (#cite_note-3) In the years since, he and his team have transformed the local label into an international couture house. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Initially beginning with custom orders from acquaintances, Paolo Sebastian now works with clients, stylists and stockists across the globe. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2016 designer Vasileff and his team took the 2016/17 AW Gilded Wings collection to Paris, for private showings. [2] (#cite_note-:4-2) The collection received acclaim from visiting media and the public alike. [7] (#cite_note-7) Following the Paris showings, online luxury fashion retailer Moda Operandi (/wiki/Moda_Operandi) hosted a trunk show of the label's 2016/17 AW couture collection. [8] (#cite_note-8) In October 2015 the label closed the 2015 Adelaide Fashion Festival [9] (#cite_note-9) with two sold out Paolo Sebastian runway shows. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Paolo Sebastian's most recent collection was launched at the 2016 Adelaide Fashion Festival, again with two sold-out shows. [12] (#cite_note-12) October 2016 saw the label once again close the Adelaide Fashion Festival, this time with international model Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) walking the runway. [13] (#cite_note-Traill-Nash-13) In July 2017, Vasileff and his team returned to Paris to launch their Autumn Winter 16/17 Couture Collection, Reverie, during Paris Haute Couture Fashion Week. [14] (#cite_note-14) October 2017 saw the label collaborate with Disney (/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company) on an exclusive thirty-four piece couture collection entitled Once Upon A Dream . The first of its kind collaboration granted the label exclusive rights to use original Disney lyrics throughout the collection. [15] (#cite_note-15) From October to December 2017, Vasileff had his garments on display in an exhibition at the Art Gallery of South Australia (/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_South_Australia) . [16] (#cite_note-16) In July 2018 Vasileff and his team return to Paris for the third year to launch their Autumn Winter 18/19 Couture Collection, The Nutcracker. [17] (#cite_note-17) In 2020, Paolo Sebastian debuted at Virgin Australia Melbourne Fashion Festival (VAMFF) with "The Passage of Spring" Collection. [18] (#cite_note-18) In 2021, the brands' first ever bespoke collection launched at Melbourne Fashion Festival, inspired by Greek mythology and the goddess Persephone. [19] (#cite_note-19) "The collection follows a narrative, which starts out as pure and light in the beginning, becomes darker and returns back to the light again with flowers blossoming. However, Persephone is stronger and less naïve and vulnerable at the end of the story," said Vasileff. [20] (#cite_note-20) In 2022, Paolo Sebastian launched "The Wild Swans" collection at the Melbourne Fashion Festival, combining fairytales, fashion, and women's empowerment. This marked his third collaboration with the event. [21] (#cite_note-21) Early, 2023, Paolo Sebastian celebrates 15 years with the launch of its first-ever luxury shoe line and scarf collection. The seven-piece Italian-made shoe line centres around the iconic ‘Swan Lake’ Ballet Pump, and a nine-piece scarf collection, with each scarf inspired and named after each one of five iconic couture collections, including: Nightingale, Nutcracker, Persephone, East of the Sun and West of the Moon and Wildflowers. [22] (#cite_note-22) In July 2023, couture house Paolo Sebastian introduced their newest collection, Luminary, which featured in Paris as part of Couture Fashion Week. This marks the brand's highly anticipated return to the fashion capital since the COVID-19 pandemic. [23] (#cite_note-23) Couture collections [ edit ] Paolo Sebastian releases two collections each year, often featuring hand-embroidered fabrics and beading. [24] (#cite_note-24) Vasileff designs every piece created by the label, with each collection being inspired by a distinct theme and the fashion house known for its signature expression of a story through couture. [25] (#cite_note-25) Paolo Sebastian designs are often inspired by fable or fairy tale. [26] (#cite_note-26) Luminary , 2023-24 Autumn/Winter Couture Collection. [27] (#cite_note-27) Media [ edit ] Red carpet [ edit ] Paolo Sebastian gowns have been worn at The Academy Awards (/wiki/Academy_Awards) , [28] (#cite_note-:0-28) the Daytime Emmy Awards, the Grammy Awards, the AACTA Awards [29] (#cite_note-:1-29) and the TV Week Logie Awards. [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-:2-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) Met Gala. [33] (#cite_note-33) Venice Film Festival. [34] (#cite_note-34) Cannes Film Festival. [35] (#cite_note-35) Notable clients [ edit ] Paolo Sebastian Accessories | Featuring silk scarves and their signature Swan Lake Ballet Pumps. [36] (#cite_note-36) Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) Giuliana Rancic (/wiki/Giuliana_Rancic) [39] (#cite_note-39) Kris Jenner (/wiki/Kris_Jenner) [40] (#cite_note-40) [41] (#cite_note-41) [42] (#cite_note-42) Sonam Kapoor (/wiki/Sonam_Kapoor) [ citation needed ] Corinne Foxx [28] (#cite_note-:0-28) Megan Gale (/wiki/Megan_Gale) [29] (#cite_note-:1-29) Delta Goodrem (/wiki/Delta_Goodrem) [43] (#cite_note-43) Jennifer Hawkins (/wiki/Jennifer_Hawkins) [44] (#cite_note-44) Gillian Anderson (/wiki/Gillian_Anderson) [45] (#cite_note-45) Carrie Bickmore (/wiki/Carrie_Bickmore) [31] (#cite_note-:2-31) [46] (#cite_note-46) Rachel Finch (/wiki/Rachael_Finch) [47] (#cite_note-47) Dannii Minogue (/wiki/Dannii_Minogue) [48] (#cite_note-48) [49] (#cite_note-49) Ada Nicodemou (/wiki/Ada_Nicodemou) [31] (#cite_note-:2-31) Rebecca Judd (/wiki/Rebecca_Judd) [50] (#cite_note-50) Nadia Bartel (/wiki/Nadia_Bartel) [51] (#cite_note-51) Kerry Washington (/wiki/Kerry_Washington) [52] (#cite_note-52) Julia Michaels (/wiki/Julia_Michaels) [53] (#cite_note-53) Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) [54] (#cite_note-54) Hailee Steinfeld (/wiki/Hailee_Steinfeld) Katy Perry [55] (#cite_note-55) Hilary Swank [56] (#cite_note-56) Paolo Sebastian designs have also appeared on The Bold and the Beautiful (/wiki/The_Bold_and_the_Beautiful) , [57] (#cite_note-57) Days of Our Lives (/wiki/Days_of_Our_Lives) , Home and Away (/wiki/Home_and_Away) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:3_1-0) Traill-Nash, Glynis (2 July 2016). "Paul Vasileff's haute couture: above the crowd in city of dreams" (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/life/fashion/paul-vasileffs-haute-couture--above-the-crowd-in-city-of-dreams/news-story/98a3266586a164f05d30e1a852ac7a7d) . Retrieved 9 November 2016 – via The Australian. ^ a b Birrell, Alice (25 July 2016). "Meet Paolo Sebastian, the label making Australian couture" (http://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/meet+paolo+sebastian+the+label+making+australian+couture+,39830) . Vogue . Retrieved 27 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Birrell, Alice (25 July 2016). "Meet Paolo Sebastian, the label making Australian couture" (https://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/meet-paolo-sebastian-the-label-making-australian-couture/news-story/52749ea37f51a4afa2a04cd159954781) . Vogue Australia . Retrieved 22 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Vlach, Anna (26 October 2015). "Adelaide Fashion Festival ends with Paolo Sebastian Autumn/Winter 2016 collection" (http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/lifestyle/sa-lifestyle/adelaide-fashion-festival-ends-with-paolo-sebastian-autumnwinter-2016-collection/news-story/acdd12025d4079e19ef73b55ab9a1b5a) . Newspaper . Retrieved 7 October 2016 – via News.com.au. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Tu, Tammy (3 August 2016). "The Life Of Paolo" (http://www.cliquemag.com.au/article/the-life-of-paolo/) . Clique Mag . Clique Mag . Retrieved 7 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Goldberg, Carrie (27 June 2016). "17 Bridal Designers You've Probably Never Heard Of...Until Now" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/wedding/bridal-fashion/g7015/new-bridal-designers/) . Harper's Bazaar . Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved 7 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) McLeod, Anna (30 July 2016). "An Australian Designer Just Made History At The Paris Haute Couture Shows" (https://grazia.com.au/articles/paolo-sebastien-haute-couture) . Grazia . Retrieved 27 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Sebastian, Paolo (15 September 2016). "Paolo Sebastian AW17 Couture trunk show at Moda Operandi" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BKXcfATDY5T) . Instagram . Paolo Sebastian. Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/BKXcfATDY5T/) on 26 December 2021 . Retrieved 7 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Adelaide Fashion Festival" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160725175702/http://www.adelaidefashionfestival.com.au/PreviewNews953.aspx) . www.adelaidefashionfestival.com.au . Archived from the original (http://www.adelaidefashionfestival.com.au/PreviewNews953.aspx) on 25 July 2016 . Retrieved 28 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Vlach, Anna (26 October 2015). "Adelaide Fashion Festival ends with Paolo Sebastian Autumn/Winter 2016 collection" (http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/lifestyle/sa-lifestyle/adelaide-fashion-festival-ends-with-paolo-sebastian-autumnwinter-2016-collection/news-story/acdd12025d4079e19ef73b55ab9a1b5a) . Retrieved 28 June 2016 – via Adelaide Now. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Eggleton, Mark. "Paolo Sebastian To Close Fashion Festival" (http://southaustralia.traveller.com.au/article/new-paolo-sebastian-collection-to-close-fashion-festival/) . South Australia Traveller . Retrieved 28 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Noble, Kelly (22 September 2016). "Glam Adelaide" (https://www.glamadelaide.com.au/main/aff16-paolo-sebastien-shows-are-a-sell-out/) . Glam Adelaide . Glam Adelaide . Retrieved 7 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Traill-Nash_13-0) Traill-Nash, Glynis (22 October 2016). "Coco Rocha models for Paolo Sebastian in Adelaide" (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/coco-rocha-models-for-paolo-sebastian-in-adelaide/news-story/eafe81a0b46a7995bcf7441f94d56f99) . Retrieved 9 November 2016 – via The Australian. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Adelaide, Glam (6 July 2017). "FIRST LOOK: Paolo Sebastian Launches New Collection, Reverie, In Paris" (https://glamadelaide.com.au/first-look-paolo-sebastian-launches-new-collection-reverie-in-paris/) . Glam Adelaide . Retrieved 7 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "2018 Spring / Summer Couture Collection" (https://paolosebastian.com/collections/2018-spring-summer-couture) . Paolo Sebastian . Retrieved 7 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "The art of fashion: Paolo Sebastian couture featured in gallery" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-04/paolo-sebastian-fashion-goes-on-show/8775658) . www.abc.net.au . 4 August 2017 . Retrieved 7 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "2018-19 Autumn / Winter Couture Collection" (https://paolosebastian.com/collections/2018-19-autumn-winter-couture-collection) . Paolo Sebastian . Retrieved 7 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "FATEFUL FASHION | Collaborations" (https://fatefulfashion.com/category/collaborations/) . Retrieved 7 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Lai, Gladys (30 March 2021). "At the heart of Paolo Sebastian's lyrical couture, Greek mythology blooms" (https://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/at-the-heart-of-paolo-sebastians-lyrical-couture-greek-mythology-blooms/image-gallery/0dbc03ef3664eec3379189a39527c997) . Vogue Australia . Retrieved 19 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Falkai, Ali (5 April 2021). "Paolo Sebastian reveals exquisite new collection inspired by Greek mythology • Glam Adelaide" (https://glamadelaide.com.au/paolo-sebastian-reveals-exquisite-new-collection-inspired-by-greek-mythology/) . Glam Adelaide . Retrieved 19 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Boscaini, Nadia (18 March 2022). "NEW Paolo Sebastian collection 'The Wild Swans' unveiled" (https://glamadelaide.com.au/new-paolo-sebastian-collection-the-wild-swans-announced/) . Glam Adelaide . Retrieved 18 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Lai, Waterhouse, G, J (3 March 2023). "Paolo Sebastian marks 15 years of couture with a line of shoes and scarves inspired by collections past" (https://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/paolo-sebastian-shoes-scarves/news-story/d9a806103a0f8953ac7136c8d78b9de5) . Vogue Australia . Retrieved 18 October 2023 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-23) Rice, Katelin (6 July 2023). "GALLERY: Paris glows with Paolo Sebastian's new striking couture collection" (https://glamadelaide.com.au/gallery-paris-glows-with-paolo-sebastians-new-striking-couture-collection/) . Glam Adelaide . Retrieved 18 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Vlach, Anna (26 October 2015). "Adelaide Fashion Festival ends with Paolo Sebastian Autumn/Winter 2016 collection" (http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/lifestyle/sa-lifestyle/adelaide-fashion-festival-ends-with-paolo-sebastian-autumnwinter-2016-collection/news-story/acdd12025d4079e19ef73b55ab9a1b5a) . Newspaper . Retrieved 7 October 2016 – via News.com.au. ^ (#cite_ref-25) Wonderland, Wedded (2 August 2016). "Paolo Sebastian Gilded Wings 2017" (http://www.weddedwonderland.com/paolo-sebastian-gilded-wings-2017/) . Wedded Wonderland . Wedded Wonderland . Retrieved 7 October 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Story" (https://paolosebastian.com/story) . Paolo Sebastian . Retrieved 7 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/p/CuRQgvlLLRC/) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 18 October 2023 . ^ a b "Paolo Sebastian gown worn by Corinne Foxx at Golden Globe Awards" (http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/lifestyle/sa-lifestyle/paolo-sebastian-gown-worn-by-corinne-foxx-at-golden-globe-awards/news-story/439022a63a9829b12761e12df2bb689a) . 12 January 2016 . Retrieved 27 June 2016 – via Adelaide Now. ^ a b Wilkinson, Lana (10 December 2015). "5th AACTA Awards. Megan Gale" (http://www.lanawilkinson.com/5th-aacta-awards-megan-gale/) . Lana Wilkinson . Retrieved 28 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Noble, Kelly (7 April 2013). "Paolo Sebastian Gowns Dominate at 2013 TV Week Logie Awards" (https://www.glamadelaide.com.au/main/paolo-sebastian-gowns-dominate-at-2013-tv-week-logies-awards/) . Glam Adelaide . Retrieved 26 June 2016 . ^ a b c Bell, Maggie (27 April 2014). "Paolo Sebastian Gowns Stun On The 2014 TV Week Logie Red Carpet" (http://www.fashionglobalblog.com/blog/paolo-sebastian-gowns-stun-on-the-2014-tv-week-logie-red-carpet) . Fashion Global . Retrieved 26 June 2016 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-32) Wilson, Kim. "Logies 2016 Red Carpet Best Dresses Rated" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/logies-2016-red-carpet-best-dresses-rated/news-story/4f04da3497942f70c5bc976d616f1096) . Retrieved 28 June 2016 – via Herald Sun. ^ (#cite_ref-33) Lai, G (2 May 2023). "6 times celebrities have worn Australian designers at the Met Gala" (https://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/australian-designers-met-gala/image-gallery/204a573fd505119af7a41a4f63c231ce) . Vogue Australia . Retrieved 18 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Paolo Sebastian" (https://www.redcarpet-fashionawards.com/category/blog/blog-designers/paolo-sebastian/) . Red Carpet Fashion Awards . Retrieved 18 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) Wilson, Rebecca (31 May 2022). "Paolo Sebastian shines on the Cannes Film Festival red carpet" (https://glamadelaide.com.au/paolo-sebastian-shines-on-the-cannes-film-festival-red-carpet/) . Glam Adelaide . Retrieved 18 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/p/Cs0nPxyuyvo/) . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 18 October 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Winter, Ryan (12 May 2016). "It Was A Milestone Weekend For Paolo Sebastian" (https://www.glamadelaide.com.au/main/it-was-a-milestone-weekend-for-paolo-sebastian/) . Glam Adelaide . Retrieved 28 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Kim Kardashian West in Paolo Sebastian" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BFQZUOyNW6t) . Paolo Sebastian Instagram . Paolo Sebastian. Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/BFQZUOyNW6t/) on 26 December 2021 . Retrieved 23 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Paolo Sebastian Instagram Giuliana Rancic" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/m1yKlEtW6B) . Paolo Sebastian Instagram . Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/m1yKlEtW6B/) on 26 December 2021 . Retrieved 28 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "The Golden Globes And Beyond: Five Global Events Adelaide's Paolo Sebastian Has Owned" (https://www.glamadelaide.com.au/main/the-golden-globes-and-beyond-five-global-events-adelaides-paolo-sebastian-has-owned/) . Glam Adelaide . 12 January 2016 . Retrieved 23 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Meet The Radelaide Designer Wrapping Famous Bodies In Couture" (https://www.pedestrian.tv/news/entertainment/meet-the-radelaide-designer-wrapping-famous-bodies/6f592de4-4546-4c53-904a-30c440a1933e.htm) . Pedestrian TV . 29 October 2015 . Retrieved 23 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Paolo Sebastian Instagram Kris Jenner" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/4VqQ00tWyy) . Paolo Sebastian Instagram . Paolo Sebastian. Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/4VqQ00tWyy/) on 26 December 2021 . Retrieved 28 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Logies 2016 Best Dressed List" (http://www.theblondesilhouette.com.au/tag/paolo-sebastian/) . The Blonde Silhouette . 8 May 2016 . Retrieved 26 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Paolo Sebastian Instagram Jennifer Hawkins" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/zt339OtW7t) . Paolo Sebastian Instagram . Paolo Sebastian. Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/zt339OtW7t/) on 26 December 2021 . Retrieved 28 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "Paolo Sebastian Instagram Gillian Anderson" (https://www.instagram.com/p/3c0ncmtW7A/) . Paolo Sebastian Instagram . Paolo Sebastian . Retrieved 28 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Logies 2016 Best Dressed List" (http://www.theblondesilhouette.com.au/tag/paolo-sebastian/) . The Blonde Silhouette . 8 May 2016 . Retrieved 26 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-47) "Rachael Finch Went Uber Glam in Paolo Sebastian at the 2014 Brownlow" (http://www.popsugar.com.au/celebrity/photo-gallery/35809648/image/35809857/Rachael-Finch-went-uber-glam-Paolo-Sebastian-2014-Brownlow) . Popsugar Australia . Retrieved 23 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) Minogue, Dannii. "Logies 2014" (https://danniiminogue.tumblr.com/post/84692843717/i-had-a-great-night-catching-up-with-friends-at) . Dannii Minogue Tumblr . Retrieved 28 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-49) "Va-Va-Voom! Dannii Minogue Brings the Bombshell to the Logies" (http://www.popsugar.com.au/fashion/Dannii-Minogue-2014-Logies-Wearing-Paolo-Sebastian-34666427#photo-34667208) . Popsugar Australia . 27 April 2014 . Retrieved 28 June 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "Bec Stuns In Paolo Sebastian" (http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/entertainment/confidential/rebecca-judd-stuns-in-paolo-sebastian-design/news-story/07ad7a662838302b4a77392e555720d7) . 2 February 2016 . Retrieved 23 June 2016 – via Adelaide Now. ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Brownlow Medal 2015: Pregnant Nadia Bartel relaxed in lead-up to red carpet" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/brownlow-red-carpet/brownlow-medal-2015-pregnant-nadia-bartel-relaxed-in-leadup-to-ciybt/news-story/986b7c5c4405c4523dbdeb886b59573e) . 27 September 2015 . Retrieved 23 June 2016 – via Herald Sun. ^ (#cite_ref-52) "Kerry Washington In Paolo Sebastian - 2018 Producers Guild Awards - Red Carpet Fashion Awards" (http://www.redcarpet-fashionawards.com/2018/01/21/kerry-washington-paolo-sebastian-2018-producers-guild-awards/) . Red Carpet Fashion Awards . 21 January 2018 . Retrieved 7 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) "Julia Michaels In Paolo Sebastian Couture - 2018 Grammy Awards - Red Carpet Fashion Awards" (http://www.redcarpet-fashionawards.com/2018/01/29/julia-michaels-paolo-sebastian-couture-2018-grammy-awards/) . Red Carpet Fashion Awards . 29 January 2018 . Retrieved 7 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-54) Rodriguez, Leah. "Celebrating Mary J. Blige's Most Stylish Moments" (https://www.thecut.com/2018/01/singer-mary-j-bliges-best-style-moments-over-the-decades.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 7 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-55) "Katy Perry finds her Prince Charming in Paolo" (https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/entertainment/confidential/adelaide-designer-paul-vasileffs-disneyinspired-paolo-sebastian-dresses-catch-katy-perrys-eye/news-story/0ff71384e0809cb9654454c68c7b6463) . www.adelaidenow.com.au . 30 April 2018 . Retrieved 29 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-56) "Hilary Swank Photos Photos: 2019 Sundance Film Festival - 'I Am Mother' Premiere" (http://www.zimbio.com/photos/Hilary+Swank/2019+Sundance+Film+Festival+Mother+Premiere/HeQ8x0KVrWe) . Zimbio . Retrieved 29 January 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-57) Martino, Laura (9 September 2015). "Adelaide's Paolo Sebastian gowns make guest appearance on super soap Bold and the Beautiful" (http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/entertainment/confidential/adelaides-paolo-sebastiangowns-make-guest-appearance-on-super-soap-bold-and-the-beautiful/news-story/fc04089054a3a372a32f61ea9a2a87bf) . Retrieved 28 June 2016 – via Adelaide Now. 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Fictional gemstones (/wiki/Gemstone) and jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐575695c56f‐86r9p Cached time: 20240703115945 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.003 seconds Real time usage: 0.005 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2642127-0!canonical and timestamp 20240703115945 and revision id 1187699408. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. M Magic rings (/wiki/Category:Magic_rings) (2 C, 11 P) Middle-earth rings and jewels (/wiki/Category:Middle-earth_rings_and_jewels) (11 P) Pages in category "Fictional gemstones and jewelry" The following 20 pages are in this category, out of 20 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Amethyst (Steven Universe) (/wiki/Amethyst_(Steven_Universe)) B Baker's Shard (/wiki/Baker%27s_Shard) Wonder Woman's bracelets (/wiki/Wonder_Woman%27s_bracelets) C Chaos Emeralds (/wiki/Chaos_Emeralds) Cintamani (/wiki/Cintamani) Crimson Gem of Cyttorak (/wiki/Crimson_Gem_of_Cyttorak) Crystal Eye (Adventure Time) (/wiki/Crystal_Eye_(Adventure_Time)) Crystal Gem Apple (/wiki/Crystal_Gem_Apple) F The Fish and the Ring (/wiki/The_Fish_and_the_Ring) G Garnet (Steven Universe) (/wiki/Garnet_(Steven_Universe)) I Infinity Stones (/wiki/Infinity_Stones) Infinity Gems (/wiki/Infinity_Gems) M Magic ring (/wiki/Magic_ring) N Norn Stones (/wiki/Norn_Stones) P Pearl (Steven Universe) (/wiki/Pearl_(Steven_Universe)) Pink Panther jewel (/wiki/Pink_Panther_jewel) Power ring (DC Comics) (/wiki/Power_ring_(DC_Comics)) R Rings (Sonic the Hedgehog) (/wiki/Rings_(Sonic_the_Hedgehog)) S Silmarils (/wiki/Silmarils) Syamantaka (/wiki/Syamantaka) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fictional_gemstones_and_jewelry&oldid=1187699408 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fictional_gemstones_and_jewelry&oldid=1187699408) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fictional objects (/wiki/Category:Fictional_objects) Fiction about gemstones (/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_gemstones) Types of jewellery (/wiki/Category:Types_of_jewellery) Fictional costumes (/wiki/Category:Fictional_costumes)
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Australian actress and model (born 1983) Pia Whitesell Whitesell in 2015 Born Pia Loyola Blanco [nt 1] (#cite_note-2) ( 1983-11-02 ) 2 November 1983 (age 40) Viña del Mar (/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar) , Chile Other names Pia Miller Occupation(s) Model, actress, presenter Years active 1998–present (modelling) 2010–present (acting) Spouses Brad Miller (/wiki/Brad_Miller_(footballer)) ( m. 2007; div. 2016) Patrick Whitesell (/wiki/Patrick_Whitesell) ( m. 2021) Children 2 Modelling information Height 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) [1] (#cite_note-PM-1) Hair colour Brown [1] (#cite_note-PM-1) Eye colour Brown [1] (#cite_note-PM-1) Agency Chadwick Models [1] (#cite_note-PM-1) Pia Whitesell (née Loyola Blanco , previously Miller ; born 2 November 1983) is an Australian model, actress and television presenter. Whitesell came to prominence after winning Dolly (/wiki/Dolly_(magazine)) 's annual modelling competition. She later competed in the second series of Search for a Supermodel (/wiki/Search_for_a_Supermodel) . Whitesell has appeared in various advertising campaigns for brands such as Myer (/wiki/Myer) and Mossimo (/wiki/Mossimo) . She became the co-host of Qantas (/wiki/Qantas) ' in-flight entertainment programs in 2010 and was named the first Australian celebrity tourism ambassador for Chile in 2014. After taking acting lessons and presentation classes at the National Institute of Dramatic Art (/wiki/National_Institute_of_Dramatic_Art) in 2009, Whitesell became a presenter on the travel show Postcards Victoria (/wiki/Postcards_(Australian_TV_series)) and made guest appearances in several television shows, including East West 101 (/wiki/East_West_101) and Neighbours (/wiki/Neighbours) . From 2015 until 2018, Whitesell portrayed Kat Chapman (/wiki/Kat_Chapman) in the Australian soap opera Home and Away (/wiki/Home_and_Away) . She received a nomination for the Logie Award for Best New Talent (/wiki/Logie_Award_for_Best_New_Talent) . After leaving Home and Away , Whitesell starred in Nine Network (/wiki/Nine_Network) 's Bite Club (/wiki/Bite_Club_(TV_series)) . Early life [ edit ] Pia Loyola Blanco was born on 2 November 1983 in Viña del Mar (/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar) , [2] (#cite_note-MMiller-3) to former fashion designer Angélica Blanco. She left Chile for Australia when she was four years old, along with her mother, brother and sister. [2] (#cite_note-MMiller-3) [3] (#cite_note-4) Her grandmother later joined the family. [4] (#cite_note-5) When she was seven, Whitesell’s mother enrolled her in a modelling school. [2] (#cite_note-MMiller-3) Career [ edit ] Modelling [ edit ] In 1998, when she was fourteen, Whitesell won a modelling competition run by teen magazine Dolly (/wiki/Dolly_(magazine)) and was given a contract with Chadwick Models. [2] (#cite_note-MMiller-3) [5] (#cite_note-Bio-6) By the time she was sixteen, Whitesell had travelled around the world for catwalk shows. She finished secondary school by correspondence. [2] (#cite_note-MMiller-3) Whitesell appeared on the second series of Search for a Supermodel (/wiki/Search_for_a_Supermodel) in 2001. [6] (#cite_note-Murdaca-7) After Search for a Supermodel , Whitesell secured a contract with L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) to appear in a 2003 campaign. [7] (#cite_note-8) Whitesell has featured in advertising campaigns for Myer (/wiki/Myer) , Mossimo (/wiki/Mossimo) , Midas, Australian Unity, Crown Casino (/wiki/Crown_Casino_and_Entertainment_Complex) and Jump. [5] (#cite_note-Bio-6) [6] (#cite_note-Murdaca-7) [8] (#cite_note-9) She has also been cast in various television commercials and endorsed brands such as Samsung (/wiki/Samsung) and Cadbury (/wiki/Cadbury) . [5] (#cite_note-Bio-6) In 2009, Whitesell's image was featured on a T-shirt by designer Nick Bowes for the fashion label KRMA. Actors Adrian Grenier (/wiki/Adrian_Grenier) and John Stamos (/wiki/John_Stamos) were later spotted wearing the T-shirt. [9] (#cite_note-Face-10) Both Whitesell and Bowes was surprised by the attention it got, saying "When he asked if he could use the headshot, I thought nothing of it. The success of the T-shirt has caught both of us by surprise. I am really flattered and humbled by it." [9] (#cite_note-Face-10) The following year, Whitesell was named the official ambassador for the 2010 Australian Grand Prix (/wiki/2010_Australian_Grand_Prix) . [10] (#cite_note-Coster-11) In July, Whitesell replaced Deborah Hutton (/wiki/Deborah_Hutton_(Australian_editor)) as the co-host of Qantas (/wiki/Qantas) ' in-flight entertainment programs. [10] (#cite_note-Coster-11) She became the face of Megan Gale (/wiki/Megan_Gale) 's swimwear line for Summer 2012/2013. [11] (#cite_note-12) In 2014, Whitesell became the first Australian celebrity tourism ambassador for Chile. [12] (#cite_note-13) [13] (#cite_note-14) She also became a brand ambassador for the Mazda CX-5 (/wiki/Mazda_CX-5) in January 2015. [14] (#cite_note-15) Later that year, Whitesell starred in a video for Maybelline (/wiki/Maybelline) promoting their new mascara and eyeliner products. [ citation needed ] In 2017, Whitesell became the first Australian ambassador for the Gillette Venus (/wiki/Gillette) brand. [15] (#cite_note-16) The following year, she was named as the official ambassador for Melbourne Fashion Week. She also modelled for Caltrate vitamins. [16] (#cite_note-17) Acting and presenting [ edit ] In 2009, Whitesell began taking acting lessons, and attended voice and presentation classes at the National Institute of Dramatic Art (/wiki/National_Institute_of_Dramatic_Art) (NIDA). [2] (#cite_note-MMiller-3) The following year, she became a presenter on Nine Network (/wiki/Nine_Network) 's travel show Postcards Victoria (/wiki/Postcards_(Australian_TV_series)) . [17] (#cite_note-New-18) She left the show in 2012. [18] (#cite_note-Byrne-19) Whitesell made several appearances on the Network Ten (/wiki/Network_Ten) talk show The Circle (/wiki/The_Circle_(TV_program)) discussing red carpet fashions. [18] (#cite_note-Byrne-19) In 2011, Whitesell appeared in the romantic comedy film Big Mamma's Boy and television crime drama East West 101 (/wiki/East_West_101) . [2] (#cite_note-MMiller-3) The following year, she was cast in Conspiracy 365 (/wiki/Conspiracy_365) and guest starred as Monica Wetherby (/wiki/Monica_Wetherby) in an episode of Neighbours (/wiki/Neighbours) . [19] (#cite_note-20) Whitesell made a guest appearance in Wonderland (/wiki/Wonderland_(Australian_TV_series)) in 2013. [20] (#cite_note-TVWeek-21) In August 2014, Whitesell joined the cast of Home and Away (/wiki/Home_and_Away) in the regular role of Katarina "Kat" Chapman (/wiki/Kat_Chapman) . [21] (#cite_note-LDennehy-22) Whitesell began shooting her first scenes two weeks after her audition. She initially commuted to and from Sydney for filming. [21] (#cite_note-LDennehy-22) Kat was introduced as Summer Bay (/wiki/Summer_Bay) 's new policewoman. Whitesell said she was proud to play a strong character and added "I saw the character breakdown and what excited me the most about this character was that she isn't, in any way, sexualised." [22] (#cite_note-23) Whitesell made her first screen appearance as Kat on 5 February 2015. [23] (#cite_note-Moran-24) She earned a nomination for Best New Talent (/wiki/Logie_Award_for_Best_New_Talent) at the 2016 Logie Awards (/wiki/Logie_Awards_of_2016) . [24] (#cite_note-25) News outlets published photos in August 2017 of the cast filming Kat's funeral. [25] (#cite_note-26) Whitesell confirmed her departure from the show in October 2017. [26] (#cite_note-27) Her final scenes aired during the 2017 season finale broadcast on 18 December. [27] (#cite_note-28) In 2018, Whitesell was cast in the eight-part crime thriller Bite Club (/wiki/Bite_Club_(TV_series)) on Nine Network. She plays Kate Summers, a former nurse and best friend of Detective Senior Constable Zoe Rawlings (Ash Ricardo), a shark-attack survivor hunting a serial killer. The series also stars Todd Lasance (/wiki/Todd_Lasance) and Dominic Monaghan (/wiki/Dominic_Monaghan) . [28] (#cite_note-29) [29] (#cite_note-30) In 2019, Whitesell co-starred in the Dora and the Lost City of Gold (/wiki/Dora_and_the_Lost_City_of_Gold) , the live action film adaptation of Dora the Explorer (/wiki/Dora_the_Explorer_(TV_series)) , as Dora's aunt Mami. [30] (#cite_note-31) Personal life [ edit ] Whitesell gave birth to her first son when she was nineteen. [2] (#cite_note-MMiller-3) In 2005, she began a relationship with AFL (/wiki/Australian_Football_League) footballer Brad Miller (/wiki/Brad_Miller_(footballer)) . She gave birth to their son in October 2006, and they married in 2007. [2] (#cite_note-MMiller-3) [23] (#cite_note-Moran-24) In 2010, Whitesell became an Australian citizen. [2] (#cite_note-MMiller-3) In October 2015, the couple announced their separation. [31] (#cite_note-32) From November 2017 to April 2019, she was engaged to film producer Tyson Mullane. [32] (#cite_note-33) [33] (#cite_note-34) Pia announced her engagement to businessman Patrick Whitesell (/wiki/Patrick_Whitesell) in early November 2020, [34] (#cite_note-35) and the couple married in May 2021. [35] (#cite_note-36) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2011 East West 101 (/wiki/East_West_101) Ximena Big Mamma's Boy Maria Project Runway Australia (/wiki/Project_Runway_Australia) Herself/guest judge 2012 Conspiracy 365 (/wiki/Conspiracy_365) Belinda Scott Episode: "February" Neighbours (/wiki/Neighbours) Monica Wetherby (/wiki/Monica_Wetherby) Season 28 (Episode: "6535") 2013 Wonderland (/wiki/Wonderland_(Australian_TV_series)) Attractive Woman Episode: "Motherhood" 2015–2018 Home and Away (/wiki/Home_and_Away) Katarina Chapman (/wiki/Katarina_Chapman) Seasons 28–31 Nominated – Logie Award for Best New Talent (/wiki/Logie_Award_for_Best_New_Talent) 2018 Bite Club (/wiki/Bite_Club_(TV_series)) Kate Summers 2019 Dora and the Lost City of Gold (/wiki/Dora_and_the_Lost_City_of_Gold) Sabrina Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) In this Spanish name (/wiki/Spanish_name) , the first or paternal surname (/wiki/Surname) is Loyola and the second or maternal family name is Blanco . References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Pia Miller" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141225150313/http://chadwickmodels.com/models/pia-miller/) . Chadwick Models. Archived from the original (http://chadwickmodels.com/models/pia-miller/) on 25 December 2014 . Retrieved 6 January 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Miller, Megan (29 January 2011). "Pia Miller: The model of motherhood" (https://web.archive.org/web/20211114230619/https://amp.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/pia-miller-the-model-of-motherhood/news-story/27a041b35330708ae341b324870d011a) . Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) . Archived from the original (https://amp.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/pia-miller-the-model-of-motherhood/news-story/27a041b35330708ae341b324870d011a) on 14 November 2021 . Retrieved 6 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Powers, Catie (14 January 2021). "Pia Miller finally reveals her real name" (https://www.newidea.com.au/pia-miller-real-name) . New Idea (/wiki/New_Idea) . Retrieved 2 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Barrett, Peter (8 July 2014). "Kitchen spy" (http://newsstore.fairfax.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac?page=1&sy=nstore&kw=pia+miller+&pb=all_ffx&dt=selectRange&dr=10years&so=relevance&sf=text&sf=headline&rc=10&rm=200&sp=nrm&clsPage=1&docID=AGE140708PF3I1ENJCPI) . The Age (/wiki/The_Age) . Retrieved 2 February 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Pia Miller Bio" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042440/http://www.chadwickmodels.com/wp-content/uploads/Pia-Miller-Bio-Aprl-12.pdf) (PDF) . Chadwick Models. Archived from the original (http://www.chadwickmodels.com/wp-content/uploads/Pia-Miller-Bio-Aprl-12.pdf) (PDF) on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 5 February 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Murdaca, Carmarlena (4 August 2014). "Watch out Summer Bay! Meet Home and Away's sexiest new bikini-clad resident" (https://archive.today/20150206044813/http://new.thefix.ninemsn.com.au/2014/12/09/03/43/watch-out-summer-bay-meet-home-and-aways-sexiest-new-bikiniclad-resident) . TheFIX (/wiki/Ninemsn) . Archived from the original (http://new.thefix.ninemsn.com.au/2014/12/09/03/43/watch-out-summer-bay-meet-home-and-aways-sexiest-new-bikiniclad-resident) on 6 February 2015 . Retrieved 5 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Brundrett, Ross; Hellard, Peta (25 March 2002). "The eye" (https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A84125335/STND?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-STND&xid=7a51d87f) . Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) . Retrieved 11 March 2024 – via Gale (/wiki/Gale_(publisher)) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Wells, Rachel; Dunn, Amanda (21 March 2010). "Snitch" (http://newsstore.fairfax.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac?page=1&sy=nstore&kw=pia+miller+&pb=all_ffx&dt=selectRange&dr=10years&so=relevance&sf=text&sf=headline&rc=10&rm=200&sp=nrm&clsPage=1&docID=SAG100321AJ2QA6718KG) . The Age (/wiki/The_Age) . Retrieved 5 February 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Pia Miller, the face of Hollywood" (http://www.news.com.au/national/pia-miller-the-face-of-hollywood/story-e6frfkp9-1225758385575) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . 6 August 2009 . Retrieved 5 February 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Byrne, Fiona; Coster, Alice; Webber, Nicola (16 July 2010). "Meet the new face of Qantas" (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/travel/news/meet-the-new-face-of-qantas/story-e6frg8ro-1225892516053?nk=15ab8a767955440142f0d960db2f9bb6) . The Australian (/wiki/The_Australian) . Retrieved 3 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Parr, Alison (4 September 2012). "Pia Miller Sizzles in Megan Gale's Latest Isola Swimsuit Campaign" (http://www.popsugar.com.au/fashion/See-Pia-Miller-Model-Megan-Gale-Isola-Swimwear-Line-Summer-2012-2013-24730870#opening-slide) . PopSugar (/wiki/PopSugar) . Retrieved 3 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Nissen, Kimberly (6 June 2014). "Pia Miller gives us a taste of Chile" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151004144900/http://www.au.glam.com/2014/06/06/pia-miller-gives-us-a-taste-of-chile/) . Glam Media, Inc. (/wiki/Glam_Media,_Inc.) Archived from the original (http://www.au.glam.com/2014/06/06/pia-miller-gives-us-a-taste-of-chile/) on 4 October 2015 . Retrieved 5 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Parratt, Chanel (3 August 2014). "Actor Pia Miller talks about life by the water and her favourite travel destinations" (http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/travel/actor-pia-miller-talks-about-life-by-the-water-and-her-favourite-travel-destinations/story-fnjjuxwc-1227011144200) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)) . Retrieved 7 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Mazda CX-5 powers Pia Miller" (http://www.mareebamazda.com.au/news/mazda-cx-5-powers-pia-miller/) . Mareeba Mazda. 19 January 2015 . Retrieved 3 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Crane, Kris (21 August 2017). "Does Pia Miller have her sights set on Hollywood? Rumours run wild over her Home and Away future" (http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/sydney-confidential/does-pia-miller-have-her-sights-set-on-hollywood-rumours-run-wild-over-her-home-and-away-future/news-story/6f6daf640a42bc73187ef57814f1c17d) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)) . Retrieved 13 October 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Moustafa, Abi (12 July 2018). "Pia Miller named the Melbourne Fashion Week Ambassador" (https://www.who.com.au/former-home-and-away-star-pia-miller-named-the-melbourne-fashion-week-ambassador) . Who (/wiki/Who_(magazine)) . Retrieved 14 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-New_18-0) "Pia Miller aims for a new runway" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/travel/travel-news/pia-miller-aims-for-a-new-runway/story-fn32891l-1225892382939) . Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) . 15 July 2010 . Retrieved 7 January 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Byrne, Fiona (24 March 2012). "High-flying Pia Miller leaves Channel 9 behind" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/high-flying-pia-miller-leaves-nine-behind/story-fn6bn80a-1226308673498) . Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) . Retrieved 5 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Kilkelly, Daniel (24 August 2012). " (http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s14/neighbours/news/a401695/neighbours-model-pia-miller-films-guest-role.html#~p0DLrNNKZtR1Si) 'Neighbours': Model Pia Miller films guest role" (http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/soaps/s14/neighbours/news/a401695/neighbours-model-pia-miller-films-guest-role.html#~p0DLrNNKZtR1Si) . Digital Spy (/wiki/Digital_Spy) . Retrieved 6 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-TVWeek_21-0) "Hot chile woman". TV Week (/wiki/TV_Week) (2): 25. 10–16 January 2015. ^ Jump up to: a b Dennehy, Luke (4 August 2014). "Role on Home and Away means commuting for model Pia Miller and time apart from family" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/confidential/role-on-home-and-away-means-commuting-for-model-pia-miller-and-time-apart-from-family/story-fnn7ma1h-1227013085597) . Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) . Retrieved 6 January 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Downie, Stephen (24–30 January 2015). "My character is not a sex symbol". TV Week (/wiki/TV_Week) (4): 14–15. ^ Jump up to: a b Moran, Jonathon (1 February 2015). "Pia Miller says she's done it tough in bid to land dream Home and Away role" (http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/sydney-confidential/pia-miller-says-shes-done-it-tough-in-bid-to-land-dream-home-and-away-role/story-fni0cvc9-1227203439955) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)) . Retrieved 2 February 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Dunk, Tiffany (4 April 2016). "Waleed Aly to vie with Project co-host Carrie Bickmore, Lee Lin Chin, Essie Davis and Grant Denyer for Gold Logie" (http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/awards/waleed-aly-to-vie-with-project-cohost-carrie-bickmore-lee-lin-chin-essie-davis-and-grant-denyer-for-gold-logie/news-story/c8701e8cb0fe6f421a4e683d7402547f) . news.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . Retrieved 3 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Houghton, Rianne (11 August 2017). "Home and Away stars film a heartbreaking funeral for one of the show's biggest characters" (http://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/home-and-away/news/a835374/home-and-away-film-heartbreaking-funeral-show-big-character/) . Digital Spy (/wiki/Digital_Spy) . 11 August 2017 . Retrieved 11 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Moustafa, Abi (10 October 2017). "Pia Miller's shock Home And Away news" (https://www.newidea.com.au/pia-miller-confirms-she-is-leaving-the-show) . New Idea (/wiki/New_Idea_(magazine)) . Retrieved 13 October 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Cullen, Tamara; King, Jacqui. "Pia Miller talks filming her last-ever Home And Away scene: 'It was super emotional' (https://www.nowtolove.com.au/celebrity/tv/pia-miller-home-and-away-kat-chapman-death-exit-chat-43724) " (https://www.nowtolove.com.au/celebrity/tv/pia-miller-home-and-away-kat-chapman-death-exit-chat-43724) . TV Week (/wiki/TV_Week) . Retrieved 7 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) King, Jacqui (12 October 2017). "Home And Away star Pia Miller starring in new crime thriller" (https://www.nowtolove.com.au/celebrity/tv/home-and-away-star-pia-miller-starring-in-crime-thriller-bite-club-41787) . TV Week (/wiki/TV_Week) . Retrieved 13 October 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Everything we know so far about Bite Club" (https://www.nowtolove.com.au/celebrity/tv/bite-club-everything-we-know-so-far-44975) . TV Week (/wiki/TV_Week) . 13 February 2018 . Retrieved 14 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Back, Grace (21 November 2018). "Former Home And Away star Pia Miller lands major movie role" (https://www.newidea.com.au/former-home-and-away-star-pia-miller-lands-major-movie-role) . New Idea (/wiki/New_Idea) . Retrieved 16 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Home and Away star Pia Miller's marriage to former AFL footballer Brad Miller is over" (http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/confidential/home-and-away-star-pia-millers-marriage-to-former-afl-footballer-brad-miller-is-over/story-fnilxh2p-1227555370896?nk=15ab8a767955440142f0d960db2f9bb6-1443995010) . Herald Sun (/wiki/Herald_Sun) . 2 October 2015 . Retrieved 4 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Brennan, Bella (6 November 2017). " (https://www.nowtolove.com.au/celebrity/celeb-news/pia-miller-engaged-to-tyson-mullane-42462) "Yes today. Yes always!" Home and Away's Pia Miller is engaged to Tyson Mullane And his proposal was seriously romantic!" (https://www.nowtolove.com.au/celebrity/celeb-news/pia-miller-engaged-to-tyson-mullane-42462) . Now to Love . Retrieved 14 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) Smith, Delicia (7 April 2019). "Pia Miller and Tyson Mullane have called off their engagement" (https://www.who.com.au/pia-miller-and-tyson-mullane-have-split-up) . Who (/wiki/Who_(magazine)) . Retrieved 4 September 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "How Pia Miller's new fiancé Patrick Whitesell is propelling her into the high life" (https://www.nowtolove.com.au/celebrity/celeb-news/pia-miller-fiance-patrick-whitesell-66159) . Woman's Day (/wiki/Woman%27s_Day_(Australian_magazine)) . 7 December 2020 . Retrieved 2 May 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Powers, Catie (24 May 2021). "Pia Miller's secret wedding accidentally exposed" (https://www.newidea.com.au/pia-miller-secret-wedding) . New Idea (/wiki/New_Idea) . Retrieved 2 July 2021 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pia Miller (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pia_Miller) . Pia Whitesell (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3880536/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Pia Whitesell (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/pia_loyola/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐cqkjm Cached time: 20240720171424 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.660 seconds Real time usage: 0.859 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5161/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 93516/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11137/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 21/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 142240/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.431/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 11544134/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 797.166 1 -total 36.41% 290.214 3 Template:Reflist 34.53% 275.236 1 Template:Infobox_model 20.00% 159.420 20 Template:Cite_web 9.49% 75.645 1 Template:Plainlist 8.86% 70.650 2 Template:Marriage 8.74% 69.662 1 Template:Short_description 8.32% 66.307 13 Template:Cite_news 6.23% 49.644 1 Template:Citation_needed 5.85% 46.598 1 Template:Fix Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44961546-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720171424 and revision id 1224703646. 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American model and organizer Yasmine Arrington Arrington speaking to the National Council of Negro Women Born ( 1993-02-17 ) February 17, 1993 (age 31) Washington, DC Nationality American Occupation(s) Plus-size model, motivational speaker, Founder and Executive Director of ScholarCHIPS Yasmine Alexandra Arrington (born February 17, 1993) [1] (#cite_note-SIMMONS:_Jack_Kent_Cooke's_legacy_continues_to_produce_winners-1) is the Founder and Executive Director of ScholarCHIPS and a 2015 winner of the Peace First Prize, the JM Kaplan Innovation Prize and DC Social Innovation Prize. [2] (#cite_note-Peace_First_Announces_2015_Prize_Winners-2) Early life and education [ edit ] Yasmine Arrington was born and grew up in Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) [3] (#cite_note-CRFW-CRFW_2013_Curvy_Spokesmodel_Contest-3) From the time of her infancy until she was a teenager Arrington's father was often in prison. [4] (#cite_note-Huff_Post-Growing_Up_With_an_Incarcerated_Parent,_Learning_How_to_Forgive-4) Arrington's mother died in her freshman year of high school. She attended Benjamin Banneker Academic High School (/wiki/Benjamin_Banneker_Academic_High_School) in Northwest D.C., [1] (#cite_note-SIMMONS:_Jack_Kent_Cooke's_legacy_continues_to_produce_winners-1) where she was in a program called LearnServe International, a DC non-profit that equips youth to be social changemakers. [5] (#cite_note-Beyond_Inspiring:_Meet_Yasmine_Arrington,_Founder_Of_ScholarCHIPS-5) She studied Strategic Communications and History at Elon University (/wiki/Elon_University) in Elon, North Carolina (/wiki/Elon,_North_Carolina) . [3] (#cite_note-CRFW-CRFW_2013_Curvy_Spokesmodel_Contest-3) Arrington graduated in 2015. [6] (#cite_note-BISNOW-Fred_Abramson's_Lasting_Legacy-6) Arrington is a graduate student at Howard University School of Divinity. ScholarCHIPS [ edit ] In 2010 Arrington founded ScholarCHIPS, a non-profit organization which provides high school graduates with incarcerated parents mentoring, support and funds to pursue higher education. [4] (#cite_note-Huff_Post-Growing_Up_With_an_Incarcerated_Parent,_Learning_How_to_Forgive-4) As of July 2015 the organizations has given over $180,000 in scholarship funds to 61 scholars pursuing their educations in college. [5] (#cite_note-Beyond_Inspiring:_Meet_Yasmine_Arrington,_Founder_Of_ScholarCHIPS-5) ScholarCHIPS also hosts an annual College Life Skills Conference which provides local youth with training on topics such as financial literacy, how to build credit, sexual health, healthy relationships, and professional development. ScholarCHIPS seeks to break down the stigma and burden of shame that comes with having an incarcerated parent. Today there are over 2 million youth in the United States with a parent in prison. Career [ edit ] Arrington is a professional plus-size or curvy fashion model [3] (#cite_note-CRFW-CRFW_2013_Curvy_Spokesmodel_Contest-3) and motivational speaker. Arrington was named CurvySpokesmodel for Curves Rock Fashion Weekend [7] (#cite_note-7) 2013 and was named October 2015 Curvy Girl of the Month for CurvyGirlChronicles.net, [8] (#cite_note-8) a blog dedicated to body confidence, healthy curves and inner beauty. Arrington has worked as a Public Relations intern with the Public Broadcasting Station, an Account Management intern at Ogilvy and Mather and as an Education Fellow with Hager Sharp. Arrington has been featured on numerous national radio, television, online and print outlets for her work such as Black Girls Rock, [9] (#cite_note-9) The Washington Post, [10] (#cite_note-10) the Baltimore Times, [11] (#cite_note-11) The Huffington Post, [12] (#cite_note-12) Forbes Magazine, [13] (#cite_note-13) TeenVogue, [14] (#cite_note-14) Essence, [15] (#cite_note-15) Black Enterprise, [16] (#cite_note-16) Daily Venus Diva Magazine, the Tom Joyner Morning Show, [17] (#cite_note-17) WJLA, [18] (#cite_note-18) WUSA9 [19] (#cite_note-19) and several others. Arrington has also been featured on two mega billboards in New York City. Awards and recognition [ edit ] Arrington is the 2013 recipient of the Iris Holt McEwen Community Service Award of the Omicron Delta Kappa (/wiki/Omicron_Delta_Kappa) society of Elon University. [20] (#cite_note-Elon_University-20) In 2012 she was featured on Black Entertainment Television's Black Girls Rock, and was given a Making A Difference award. [5] (#cite_note-Beyond_Inspiring:_Meet_Yasmine_Arrington,_Founder_Of_ScholarCHIPS-5) She was a Jack Kent Cooke Foundation (/wiki/Jack_Kent_Cooke_Foundation) College Scholar in 2013. [1] (#cite_note-SIMMONS:_Jack_Kent_Cooke's_legacy_continues_to_produce_winners-1) 2011 AXA National Achiever [21] (#cite_note-Education_Dive-Two_Washington,_DC_Area_Students_Recognized_by_Foundation_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Community_Service-21) Abramson Foundation Scholar [6] (#cite_note-BISNOW-Fred_Abramson's_Lasting_Legacy-6) Washington Redskins College Success Foundation Leadership 1000 Scholar [1] (#cite_note-SIMMONS:_Jack_Kent_Cooke's_legacy_continues_to_produce_winners-1) Linowes Leadership "Unsung Heroes Award" Youth Recipient. [22] (#cite_note-Hassel-22) Winner of the 2015 Peace First Prize [2] (#cite_note-Peace_First_Announces_2015_Prize_Winners-2) dec 2023 CNN heroes References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Simmons, Deborah (1 December 2013). "SIMMONS: Jack Kent Cooke's legacy continues to produce winners" (http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/dec/1/simmons-jack-kent-cookes-ultimate-legacy-continues/?page=all) . The Washington Times . Retrieved 18 November 2015 . ^ a b "10/27/2015 Peace First Announces 2015 Prize Winners" (http://www.newprofit.org/peace-first-announces-2015-prize-winners/) . Newprofit.org . New Profit. 27 October 2015 . Retrieved 18 November 2015 . ^ a b c "CRFW 2013 Curvy Spokesmodel Contest" (http://www.curvesrockweekend.com/2013curvyspokesmodel.html) . Curves Rock Fashion Weekend . Retrieved 18 November 2015 . ^ a b Arrington, Yasmine (22 September 2015). "Growing Up With an Incarcerated Parent, Learning How to Forgive" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/yasmine-arrington/growing-up-with-an-incarc_1_b_8178014.html) . Huffington Post . Retrieved 18 November 2015 . ^ a b c Penn, Stephanie (3 September 2015). "Beyond Inspiring: Meet Yasmine Arrington, Founder Of ScholarCHIPS" (http://dailyvenusdiva.com/2015/09/03/beyond-inspiring-meet-yasmine-arrington-founder-of-scholarchips/) . Daily Venus Diva . Retrieved 18 November 2015 . ^ a b Slavinsky, Roksana (1 July 2015). "Fred Abramson's Lasting Legacy" (https://www.bisnow.com/washington-dc/news/washington-dc-legal/fred-abramsons-lasting-legacy-47557) . BISNOW . Retrieved 18 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "CRFW Curvy Spokesmodel Contest" (http://www.curvesrockweekend.com/2013curvyspokesmodel.html) . www.curvesrockweekend.com . Retrieved 2015-12-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Kristina Denise" (http://www.curvygirlchronicles.net/) . Kristina Denise . Retrieved 2015-12-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "M.A.D. Girls: Yasmine Arrington" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121109171210/http://www.bet.com/video/blackgirlsrock/2012/highlights/m-a-d-girl-yasmine-arrington.html) . BET.com . Archived from the original (http://www.bet.com/video/blackgirlsrock/2012/highlights/m-a-d-girl-yasmine-arrington.html) on November 9, 2012 . Retrieved 2015-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Dvorak, Petula (2015-05-25). "He almost missed his daughter's college graduation. He got out of jail just in time" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/he-almost-missed-his-daughters-college-graduation-he-got-out-of-jail-just-in-time/2015/05/25/02003f3e-0233-11e5-8bda-c7b4e9a8f7ac_story.html) . The Washington Post . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0190-8286 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286) . Retrieved 2015-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Howard divinity student helps children of incarcerated parents go to college" (http://baltimoretimes-online.com/news/2015/nov/27/howard-divinity-student-helps-children-incarcerate/) . baltimoretimes-online.com . Retrieved 2015-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Education and Mentorship: The Keys to the Doors of Freedom" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/americas-promise-alliance/education-and-mentorship_b_8775378.html) . The Huffington Post . Retrieved 2015-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Scholarships Aren't Enough" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryhannon/2013/11/25/scholarships-arent-enough/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2015-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Yasmine Arrington on Starting a College Scholarship Fund | Teen Vogue" (http://www.teenvogue.com/story/yasmine-arrington-college-scholarships) . Teen Vogue . Retrieved 2015-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Youth Activists: Meet Yasmine Arrington, Founder and Creator or ScholarCHIPS" (http://www.essence.com/2013/02/05/rising-stars-youth-activists) . Essence.com . Retrieved 2015-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Yasmine Arrington Awards ScholarCHIPS to Youth of Incarcerated Parents" (http://www.blackenterprise.com/career/yasmine-arrington-scholarchips/) . Black Enterprise . Retrieved 2015-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) White, Cherie S. "Jacque Reid Goes Inside Her Story with Yasmine Arrington" (http://blackamericaweb.com/2012/10/30/jacque-reid-goes-inside-her-story-with-yasmine-arrington/) . Black America Web . Retrieved 2015-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Redskins' scholarship helps local girl achieve dreams, graduate college" (http://wjla.com/sports/sports-talk/redskins-scholarship-helps-local-girl-achieve-dreams-graduate-college--114279) . WJLA . Retrieved 2015-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "D.C. students talk financial literacy" (http://www.wusa9.com/story/news/local/dc/2015/11/28/dc-students-talk-financial-literacy/76506846/) . WUSA9 . Retrieved 2015-12-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-Elon_University_20-0) Jones, Philip (26 April 2013). "Leadership lauded at ODK awards ceremony" (http://www.elon.edu/e-net/Article/68481) . Elon University . Retrieved 18 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Education_Dive-Two_Washington,_DC_Area_Students_Recognized_by_Foundation_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Community_Service_21-0) "Two Washington, DC Area Students Recognized by Foundation for Outstanding Achievement in Community Service" (http://www.educationdive.com/press-release/20130729-two-washington-dc-area-students-recognized-by-foundation-for-outstanding-a/) (Press release). Education Dive. 29 July 2013 . Retrieved 18 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hassel_22-0) " (http://society.argylenews.com/press_release.aspx?quotThe-Tassel-Is-Worth-The-Hasselquot-Says-Yasmine-Arrington-Founder-of-ScholarCHIPS-11648) "The Tassel Is Worth The Hassel," Says Yasmine Arrington, Founder of ScholarCHIPS" (http://society.argylenews.com/press_release.aspx?quotThe-Tassel-Is-Worth-The-Hasselquot-Says-Yasmine-Arrington-Founder-of-ScholarCHIPS-11648) . Argyle News. 24 July 2013 . Retrieved 18 November 2015 . 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American writer and lingerie expert Cora Harrington Nationality American Education Agnes Scott College (/wiki/Agnes_Scott_College) (BA) Occupation(s) Writer, lingerie expert Years active 2008–present Known for The Lingerie Addict (/wiki/The_Lingerie_Addict) (website) Notable work In Intimate Detail: How to Choose, Wear, and Love Lingerie Cora Harrington is an American writer and lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) expert. She is the founder and editor-in-chief of the blog The Lingerie Addict (/wiki/The_Lingerie_Addict) (2008–2022). In 2018, she released the book In Intimate Detail: How to Choose, Wear, and Love Lingerie. [1] (#cite_note-thecut2018-1) Early life and education [ edit ] Harrington was raised in a small town in central Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)) . [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) She was a shy child and an avid reader. [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) Her interest in the fashion industry started when she browsed the editorial photographs in magazines like Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) and Lucky (/wiki/Lucky_(magazine)) during her childhood. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) She received her bachelor's degree with a double major in anthropology and sociology from Agnes Scott College (/wiki/Agnes_Scott_College) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Career [ edit ] Harrington began the blog Stockings Addict to write primarily about stockings in 2008. [6] (#cite_note-autostraddle2018-6) She was inspired to begin the site after she had difficulty finding reviews or recommendations of lingerie on the internet. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) She later changed the name of the blog to The Lingerie Addict and broadened the writing to focus on all intimate apparel. [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) In 2012, Harrington transitioned to working on the website full-time from her nonprofit job as a crisis line worker. [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) [9] (#cite_note-9) The site "review[s] lingerie and offer informative guides for junkies and casual underwear-wearers alike." [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) Harrington also publishes information on bra sizing and the economics behind the pricing of intimate apparel. [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) She has written about inclusion issues in the lingerie industry, including the lack of large sizes at traditional brands and the lack of nude-toned lingerie for women with brown skin. [10] (#cite_note-:2-10) The Lingerie Addict attracts over 100,000 readers every month. [7] (#cite_note-:0-7) Evan Ross Katz of Paper (/wiki/Paper_(magazine)) referred to it as "the world's largest lingerie blog." [4] (#cite_note-:4-4) Harrington closed The Lingerie Addict blog in April 2022, with plans to continue working in fashion. She cited decreased web traffic resultant in part from systemic bias against the site's topic on social networking platforms. [11] (#cite_note-11) Harrington was approached by Ten Speed Press (/wiki/Ten_Speed_Press) editor Kaitlin Ketchum to write a book on lingerie. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) She released the book In Intimate Detail: How to Choose, Wear, and Love Lingerie in August 2018. [12] (#cite_note-sfbookreview-12) The book discusses different kinds of intimate apparel and offers shopping tips for readers. In Intimate Detail includes illustrations of the lingerie rather than photographed models. [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) The book's content is inclusive of readers who are trans (/wiki/Transgender) and disabled and uses gender-neutral language throughout. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) It was recommended by The New Yorker (/wiki/The_New_Yorker) . [13] (#cite_note-vox2018-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Personal life [ edit ] Harrington is queer (/wiki/Queer) . [8] (#cite_note-:1-8) She is married. [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Works [ edit ] In Intimate Detail: How to Choose, Wear, and Love Lingerie . Ten Speed Press, August 28, 2018. First edition. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780399580635 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780399580635) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-thecut2018_1-0) Spellings, Sarah (2018-12-03). "A Lingerie Expert on All Her Favorite Underthings" (https://www.thecut.com/2018/12/tastemakers-cora-harrington-of-the-lingerie-addict.html) . The Cut . Retrieved 2020-02-02 . ^ a b c d e Colón, Ana (19 July 2021). "How Cora Harrington Went From Blogging About Stockings After Work to Becoming a Trusted Voice in Lingerie" (https://fashionista.com/2021/07/cora-harrington-lingerie-addict-career-interview) . Fashionista . Retrieved 2021-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Harrington, Samantha. "Meet The Woman Changing The Way We Think About Lingerie" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/samanthaharrington/2017/11/30/meet-the-woman-changing-the-way-we-think-about-lingerie/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2021-08-30 . ^ a b c Katz, Evan Ross (2021-07-06). "Cora Harrington Has Some Thoughts on 'Diverse' Lingerie Brands" (https://www.papermag.com/cora-harrington-lingerie-industry-2653688394.html?rebelltitem=7#rebelltitem7?rebelltitem=7) . PAPER . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210830030802/https://www.papermag.com/cora-harrington-lingerie-industry-2653688394.html?rebelltitem=7) from the original on 2021-08-30 . Retrieved 2021-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Recinos, Eva (2020-02-14). "Inside Cora Harrington's Lingerie Revolution" (https://www.bitchmedia.org/article/cora-harrington-lingerie-revolution) . Bitch Media . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200215142527/https://www.bitchmedia.org/article/cora-harrington-lingerie-revolution) from the original on 2020-02-15 . Retrieved 2021-08-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-autostraddle2018_6-0) " (https://www.autostraddle.com/in-intimate-detail-is-the-singular-guide-to-lingerie-and-its-queer-inclusive-431072/) "In Intimate Detail" Is the Singular Guide to Lingerie – and It's Queer-Inclusive" (https://www.autostraddle.com/in-intimate-detail-is-the-singular-guide-to-lingerie-and-its-queer-inclusive-431072/) . Autostraddle . 2018-09-04 . Retrieved 2020-02-02 . ^ a b Clark, Nicole (2018-08-23). "This Author Explains Everything You Should Know About Lingerie" (https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/ne5yxx/cora-harrington-lingerie-addict-interview) . Vice . Retrieved 2020-02-02 . ^ a b c d "This Is the Year You Love Yourself in Lingerie" (https://theglowup.theroot.com/this-is-the-year-you-love-yourself-in-lingerie-1831717838) . The Glow Up . 14 February 2019 . Retrieved 2020-02-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Branigin, Anne (2019-02-14). "This Is the Year You Love Yourself in Lingerie" (https://www.theroot.com/this-is-the-year-you-love-yourself-in-lingerie-1831717838) . The Root . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210830030758/https://www.theroot.com/this-is-the-year-you-love-yourself-in-lingerie-1831717838) from the original on 2021-08-30 . Retrieved 2021-08-30 . ^ a b c "The Lingerie Addict's Cora Harrington On Labor, Bra Sizes, and the Problem with Victoria's Secret" (https://jezebel.com/the-lingerie-addicts-cora-harrington-on-labor-bra-size-1830084264) . Jezebel . 16 November 2018 . Retrieved 2020-02-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Issawi, Danya (2022-04-18). "The Lingerie Addict Says Goodbye" (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/18/style/the-lingerie-addict-closing.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2022-04-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-sfbookreview_12-0) "In Intimate Detail: How to Choose, Wear, and Love Lingerie | San Francisco Book Review" (https://sanfranciscobookreview.com/product/in-intimate-detail-how-to-choose-wear-and-love-lingerie/) . 24 January 2019 . Retrieved 2020-02-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-vox2018_13-0) Nittle, Nadra (2018-09-20). "Lingerie marketing is dominated by the male gaze. A new book aims to change that" (https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/9/20/17876394/in-intimate-detail-book-cora-harrington-lingerie-addict-gender-neutral) . Vox . Retrieved 2020-02-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "The New Yorker Recommends: "In Intimate Detail," an Instructive Ode to Underwear" (https://www.newyorker.com/recommends/read/in-intimate-detail-an-instructive-ode-to-underwear) . The New Yorker . Retrieved 2022-05-11 . External links [ edit ] Official Twitter (https://twitter.com/lingerie_addict) The Lingerie Addict (https://www.thelingerieaddict.com/) —Official website (archived) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐5dd66985dc‐rdpp2 Cached time: 20240722101638 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.338 seconds Real time usage: 0.447 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2350/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 29100/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1033/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 58826/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.198/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6124499/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 397.282 1 -total 37.30% 148.194 1 Template:Reflist 26.88% 106.804 12 Template:Cite_web 25.53% 101.421 1 Template:Infobox_person 18.20% 72.301 1 Template:Short_description 11.95% 47.472 1 Template:ISBN 10.86% 43.145 2 Template:Pagetype 10.02% 39.822 1 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 8.18% 32.492 17 Template:Main_other 5.03% 19.980 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:63004633-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722101638 and revision id 1230329669. 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A Chinese patchwork jacket used as protective charms for children Baijiayi Chinese name Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 百家衣 Literal meaning One-hundred family clothing Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Bǎijiāyī Baijiapao Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 百家袍 Literal meaning One-hundred families robe Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Bǎijiāpáo English name English One hundred families robe/ Hundred-Families robe/ One hundred families clothing Baijiayi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 百家衣 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : bǎijiāyī ), also known as baijia pao (/wiki/Paofu) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 百家袍 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : bǎijiāpáo ) and sometimes referred as One hundred families robe , [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) Hundred-Families (/wiki/Hundred_Family_Surnames) robe , [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) or One hundred families clothing in English, [3] (#cite_note-:8-3) is a form of Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) jacket (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) , particular for male children. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) The baijiayi is used as a protective talisman for children. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) It is a traditional Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) custom garment, which has been passed down for centuries. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) Cultural significance and symbolism [ edit ] The baijiayi is a symbol of longevity, and it was one of the ritual procedures of the "One-hundred-day celebration", along with the baijia locks. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) It is made of donated fabrics, [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) and is composed of one hundred pieces of fabric which could be shaped into tessellated (/wiki/Tessellation) squares, triangles, diamonds, rectangles, and hexagons. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) It could also be embroidered with symbols and motifs which were considered auspicious, such as auspicious clouds (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) , the Chinese zodiac (/wiki/Chinese_zodiac) , the bagua (/wiki/Bagua) and the five poisons (/wiki/Five_Poisons) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) In the past, due to the lag in health care and education, infant mortality (/wiki/Infant_mortality) was relatively high. Nevertheless, people believed that an infant's death was due to a ghost. [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) The baijiayi was supposed to protect the child from evil spirits through the use of many donated fabrics of multiple colours. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) These small pieces of cloth was collected from various local families, which were supposed to represent " one hundred families". [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) These pieces of fabric would symbolize the combined strength of the donators and were believed protect their sons from or ward off evil spirits and ghosts. [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) The mother would receive these pieces of fabrics in order to make the finished baijiayi for her child. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) The baijiayi could not be taken off until the child reaches one year old. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) History [ edit ] Origins [ edit ] Child wearing baijiayi, a Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) painting. People started making Chinese patchwork in the Liu Song (/wiki/Liu_Song_dynasty) of the Southern dynasty (/wiki/Southern_Dynasty) . The first emperor of Liu Song Dynasty (/wiki/Liu_Song_Dynasty) , named Liu Yu, was born in an underprivileged family. His mother gathered rags from the neighbourhoods to make a patchwork cloth. When he became the emperor, he perceived this kind of patchwork as the symbol for his impoverished childhood. All the infants in Liu’s family had to use the patchwork so that his offspring could know how fortunate they were. Afterward, his citizens followed this royal custom of making "Bai jia yi" for their babies. [6] (#cite_note-:5-6) Other version [ edit ] A similar style of clothing to the baijiayi is the shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) . [7] (#cite_note-:12-7) Gallery [ edit ] Baijiayi See also [ edit ] List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) List of Chinese symbols, designs, and art motifs (/wiki/List_of_Chinese_symbols,_designs,_and_art_motifs) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) Shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i Hanson, Marin F. (2012). "Cross-cultural Commemoration:Historical Chinese Patchwork Inspires a New Tradition in America" (https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://en.wikipedia.org/&httpsredir=1&article=1691&context=tsaconf) . Textile Society of America 13th Biennial Symposium . Washington, DC. ^ a b c d "Crazy Clothing Worldwide | World Quilts: The Crazy Quilt Story" (https://worldquilts.quiltstudy.org/crazyquiltstory/clothing) . worldquilts.quiltstudy.org . Retrieved 2021-04-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-:8_3-0) "Quilts of Southwest China | International Quilt Museum - Lincoln, NE" (https://www.internationalquiltmuseum.org/exhibition/quilts-southwest-china) . www.internationalquiltmuseum.org . Retrieved 2021-04-19 . ^ a b c d e f Hanson, Marin, F. (2014). " 'One Hundred Good Wishes Quilts': Expressions of Cross-Cultural Communication". Uncoverings: Research Papers of the American Quilt Study Group . 35 – via EBSCO Host. {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ a b c d Feng, Ge (2015). Traditional Chinese rites and rituals . Zhengming Du. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 45–46. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-4438-8783-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 935642485 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/935642485) . ^ (#cite_ref-:5_6-0) Aqiusha (2012). "百家衣的由來 (Origin of Baijia yi)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151118171229/https://www.43911.com/t/fushijichu/fsjc/1333464552.shtml) . Archived from the original (http://www.43911.com/t/fushijichu/fsjc/1333464552.shtml) on November 18, 2015 . Retrieved February 11, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-:12_7-0) Yin, Zhihong (2019). "Study on the Evolution and Development of Baina Clothing to Shuitian Clothing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" (https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icassee-19/125923415) . Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research . 368 . Atlantis Press: 315–318. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2991/icassee-19.2019.65 (https://doi.org/10.2991%2Ficassee-19.2019.65) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-94-6252-837-6 . v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) Goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) Belief system and social movement Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) Wufu (/wiki/Wufu) Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) (/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)) Yin and Yang (/wiki/Yin_and_Yang) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) Sumptuary laws Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) Related rituals Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) Ji Li (ceremony) (/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)) Garments Set of attire Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) Bianfu (/wiki/Bianfu) Tongtianguanfu (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Xuanduan (/wiki/Xuanduan) Diyi (/wiki/Diyi) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) Upper garment Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Shan (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Chang'ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) Baijiayi Daxiushan (/wiki/Daxiushan) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) Pifeng (/wiki/Beizi) Hechang (/wiki/Beizi) Shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Robe Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Zhiju (/wiki/Shenyi) Quju (/wiki/Shenyi) Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) Daopao (/wiki/Daopao) Zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) Longpao (/wiki/Dragon_robe) Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Tieli (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) Zhisun (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) Feiyufu (/wiki/Feiyufu) Inner and undergarment Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Hezi (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Moxiong (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Lower garment Ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) Qun (/wiki/Qun) Baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Religious clothing Daojiao fushi (/wiki/Daojiao_fushi) Headwear (list) (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Fangxingquling (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Shoulders Pibo (/wiki/Pibo) Xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) Chest Yajin (/wiki/Yajin) Waist Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Lap Bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) Ribbons and knots Lào zi 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Vehicle made for L.L.Bean's 100th anniversary The Bootmobile in Freeport, Maine (/wiki/Freeport,_Maine) , July 7, 2012. The Bootmobile is a boot-shaped automobile (/wiki/Car) made by L.L.Bean (/wiki/L.L.Bean) to celebrate its centenary (/wiki/Centennial) in 2012. It was introduced on January 17, 2012. [1] (#cite_note-press-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) It has visited cities such as New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) [3] (#cite_note-times-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) with the intent of inspiring people to go outdoors. [1] (#cite_note-press-1) The Bean Boots that the vehicle is meant to resemble. The Bootmobile is a Ford F-250 Super Duty (/wiki/Ford_F-250_Super_Duty) truck [3] (#cite_note-times-3) made to resemble a Bean Boot (/wiki/Bean_Boot) . The steel and fiberglass construction is 13 feet (4.0 m) tall, 20 feet (6.1 m) long, and 7 feet (2.1 m) wide. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) There are three Bootmobiles. [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] Nutmobile (/wiki/Nutmobile) Wienermobile (/wiki/Wienermobile) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b " (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041422/http://www.fpsnewswire.com/release.asp?id=1376) "L.L.Bean Bootmobile" Hits the Road in Celebration of 100 Years" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041422/http://www.fpsnewswire.com/release.asp?id=1376) . FPS Newswire. L. L. Bean. January 17, 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.fpsnewswire.com/release.asp?id=1376) on March 4, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Abelson, Jenn (January 18, 2012). "L.L.Bean marks 100 years with 'Bootmobile' (https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/01/18/bean-marks-years-with-bootmobile-tour/ToAo57TJgsb6NWYi9bOFAN/story.html) " (https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/01/18/bean-marks-years-with-bootmobile-tour/ToAo57TJgsb6NWYi9bOFAN/story.html) . The Boston Globe. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105304/https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/01/18/bean-marks-years-with-bootmobile-tour/ToAo57TJgsb6NWYi9bOFAN/story.html) from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 10 September 2015 . ^ Jump up to: a b Chang, Richard (January 12, 2012). "L.L. Bean Outfits Bootmobile for Nationwide Tour" (https://archive.nytimes.com/wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/19/l-l-bean-outfits-bootmobile-for-nationwide-tour/?_r=0) . The New York Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231026040339/https://archive.nytimes.com/wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/19/l-l-bean-outfits-bootmobile-for-nationwide-tour/?_r=0) from the original on 26 October 2023 . Retrieved 8 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "NYC welcomes the big L.L. Bean Boot to the Big Apple". The Examiner. June 8, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Hallman, Randy (May 18, 2015). "L.L. Bean Bootmobile to make a visit" (https://richmond.com/business/local/article_5417b2ce-fd48-11e4-b311-ef3ffe68df0d.html) . Richmond Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230404113046/https://richmond.com/business/local/article_5417b2ce-fd48-11e4-b311-ef3ffe68df0d.html) from the original on 4 April 2023 . Retrieved 9 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Regenold, Stephen (November 14, 2014). "Tour Of L.L.Bean 'Bootmobile' (https://gearjunkie.com/news/llbean-bootmobile) " (https://gearjunkie.com/news/llbean-bootmobile) . Gear Junkie . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150905072335/http://gearjunkie.com/llbean-bootmobile) from the original on 5 September 2015 . Retrieved 9 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Soley, Luna (October 23, 2023). "L.L. Bean Bootmobile meets Planters Nutmobile in corporate crossover" (https://www.pressherald.com/2023/10/23/l-l-bean-bootmobile-encounters-planters-nutmobile-in-corporate-crossover/) . The Times Record . Retrieved 23 May 2024 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.llbean.com/llb/shop/514369) This automobile (/wiki/Car) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Traditional headgear worn in the Maghreb For the country, see Czechia (/wiki/Czechia) . For the star, see HD 192699 (/wiki/HD_192699) . Tunisian man wearing a chechia. The chechia ( Arabic (/wiki/Arabic) : شاشية [ʃɛːʃiæ] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic) ⓘ (/wiki/File:Chechia.wav) ) is a traditional headgear (/wiki/List_of_headgear) worn in the Maghreb (/wiki/Maghreb) . Close relative to the European beret (/wiki/Beret) , the chechia is originally a cap-shaped bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) , colored vermillon (/wiki/Vermilion) red. Until the 19th century, the chechia was often worn surrounded by a turban (/wiki/Turban) . The chechia, which is flexible, should not be confused with the fez (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) (known in the Maghreb as chéchia stambouli ) which is rigid, conical and high in shape. The word chechia also designates the long soft cap, adopted by certain French colonial military forces (/wiki/Troupes_coloniales) , such as: the zouaves (/wiki/Zouave) , the tirailleurs (/wiki/Tirailleur) and the spahis (/wiki/Spahi) . Etymology [ edit ] The word chechia designates in the Maghreb (/wiki/Maghreb) the cap that is placed on the head and around which a piece of cloth has been rolled for a long time to form the turban. According to the Maghrebi (/wiki/Maghrebis) traveler and explorer ibn Battuta (/wiki/Ibn_Battuta) during his stay in Shiraz (/wiki/Shiraz) in 1327, the word chechia itself takes its name however from the adjective derived from Shash, name of the current Tashkent (/wiki/Tashkent) in Uzbekistan (/wiki/Uzbekistan) : "The next day, an envoy from the King of Irak (/wiki/Ilkhanate) , sultan Abou-Saïd Bahadour (/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Bahadur_Khan) , arrived near the sheikh: it was Nâcir eddîn Addarkandy, one of the main emirs, originally from Khorâçân (/wiki/Greater_Khorasan) . When he approached the sheikh, he took off his head his chachiiah, which the Persians call "cala". [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] Origins [ edit ] It is believed [ by whom? ] that the chechia originated in Uzbekistan (/wiki/Uzbekistan) . Unlike the fez, the chechia is shorter and crafted from less stiff material, and is, therefore, softer and more pliable. By the 17th century that the chaouachis, or chechia makers, had spread to the capital Tunis (/wiki/Tunis) , the capital of Tunisia (/wiki/Tunisia) . By the 21st century, the procedure for making them remains the same, but the number of craftsmen who make them has decreased. While the market place in the Souk Ech-Chaouachine (/wiki/Souk_Ech-Chaouachine) , hosted about 30,000 chaouachis during at its peak, that number had dropped by the 2010s to about 20, who struggle to keep the business alive. The modern chechia business is estimated to create jobs for over 2,000 artisans, with the remaining chechias are sold overseas, primarily to Libya, Nigeria, and Niger. Chechia colours vary by country. It is red in Tunisia (/wiki/Tunisia) , and sometimes lacks a tassel. In Libya, the chechia is normally black, except the Benghazi version, or "chenna," which is also red and includes a tassel. In Morocco, and some parts of Tunisia, it can also be seen in white or grey. [3] (#cite_note-3) The archives of the Spanish consulate to the Beylik of Tunis (/wiki/Beylik_of_Tunis) at the end of the 18th century show that Spain was interested in the manufacture of chechias, the secret of which it lost when the Moriscos (/wiki/Morisco) were expelled at the beginning of the 17th century and that the Spanish government would like to recover to relaunch its production in Spain in state factories,. [4] (#cite_note-4) In Tunisia, anyone wishing to engage in this particular craft must first pass a thorough examination before a designated committee of craftsmen. Made by skilled "chaouachis", the chechia soon occupied the entire souks (/wiki/Souk_Ech-Chaouachine) , built in 1691 in the Medina of Tunis (/wiki/Medina_of_Tunis) , [5] (#cite_note-5) so great was its success, which gave work to thousands of people. From the 1920s, Tunisian separatists increasingly wore the chechia testouriya (originally from the city of Testour (/wiki/Testour) ) because its name was close to that of their party the Destour (/wiki/Destour) . [ citation needed ] Crafts in crisis [ edit ] Inhabitants of Medenine (/wiki/Medenine) wearing the chechia. After Tunisia's independence in 1956, with the arrival of manufactures and customs from Europe, the wearing of the chechia tended to be limited to holidays and religious festivals; it is often associated with elderly people. [6] (#cite_note-MGB-6) Manufacturers' incomes were affected and many were forced to give up this craft. Moreover, people living in the countryside tend to abandon this traditional headgear in favor of its less expensive and industrially manufactured equivalents. The absence of a coherent government program contributes to this decline in the eyes of traditionalists. [6] (#cite_note-MGB-6) Moreover, many specialists attribute the decline of this craft to the manufacturers themselves, who lacked creativity and innovation. However, at the end of the 1990s, in an effort to revitalize this industry, many artisans began to manufacture new varieties of chechias in different colors, shapes and decorations, in order to attract a younger clientele. However, very quickly, this momentum wanes as exports of the Tunisian chechia to African countries also run out of steam. [6] (#cite_note-MGB-6) However, official figures given in 2007 by the Tunisian Bureau of Traditional Industries indicate that 80% of chechias are exported to [6] (#cite_note-MGB-6) Algeria (/wiki/Algeria) , Libya (/wiki/Libya) and Nigeria (/wiki/Nigeria) , but also throughout the Near East (/wiki/Near_East) and as far as Asia. Fabrication [ edit ] Workshop of a Tunisian chaouachi The traditional chechia is made of combed wool, knitted by women. The caps are then sent to the fulling (/wiki/Fulling) . They are wetted with hot water and soap and trodden under foot by men in order to soak them, so that the stitches of the knitting almost disappear. Then comes the treatment of the thistle (/wiki/Thistle) , which is used for carding or combing the hat, in order to transform the felt (/wiki/Felt) into downy velvet (/wiki/Velvet) . However, more and more often, the thistle is replaced by a wire brush. It is at this stage of manufacture that the chechia is tinted with its famous vermilion red color. Division of labor and geographical distribution allow its artisanal production on a large scale while maintaining the quality that makes the reputation of the chechia of Tunis (/wiki/Tunis) . A dozen people, including a third of women, participate in its manufacture in several points of the country chosen according to their human resources (/wiki/Human_resource_management) or material resources: [7] (#cite_note-7) wool spinning : Djerba (/wiki/Djerba) and Gafsa (/wiki/Gafsa) knitting : Ariana (/wiki/Ariana_(Tunisian_city)) (by specialized women called "kabbasat") fulling : El Battan (/wiki/El_Battan) (in the waters of the Medjerda (/wiki/Medjerda_River) ) carding : El Alia (/wiki/El_Alia) (of which the thistle is from) dyeing : Zaghouan (/wiki/Zaghouan) shaping : Tunis finishes : Tunis Water quality plays an important role, hence the different choices for fulling and dyeing. See also [ edit ] List of headgear (/wiki/List_of_headgear) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) In Persian (/wiki/Persian_language) , kolâh کلاه refers to all kinds of headgear. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Ibn Battuta (/wiki/Ibn_Battuta) (1982). Voyages: de l'Afrique du Nord à La Mecque (PDF) (in French). Vol. I. Translated by Defremery, Charles; Sanguinetti, Beniamino Rafflo. Paris. p. 337. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 2-7071-1302-6 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : |work= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored) ) CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Petre, Christine (April 27, 2015). "Will Tunisia's chechia hat survive into future years?" (http://www.middleeasteye.net/in-depth/features/will-tunisias-chechia-hat-survive-future-years-603038870) . Middle East Eye. ^ (#cite_ref-4) María Ghazali (2002). "La régence de Tunis et l'esclavage en Méditerranée à la fin du XVIIIe siècle d'après les sources consulaires espagnoles" (http://journals.openedition.org/cdlm/43) . Cahiers de la Méditerranée (/w/index.php?title=Cahiers_de_la_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1) (in French) (65): 77–98. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4000/cdlm.43 (https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fcdlm.43) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0395-9317 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0395-9317) . Retrieved 22 November 2020 . . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Azzedine Guellouz; Abdelkader Masmoudi; Mongi Smida; Ahmed Saadaoui (2007). Histoire générale de la Tunisie (in French). Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose. p. 137. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-9973844767 . . ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Le chéchia tunisien lutte pour survivre" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081010130401/http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/fr/features/awi/reportage/2007/03/16/reportage-01) . Magharebia . 16 March 2007. Archived from the original (http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/fr/features/awi/reportage/2007/03/16/reportage-01) on 10 October 2008 . Retrieved 19 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Hassen Annabi (1995). Itinéraire du savoir en Tunisie (in French). Paris: CNRS. p. 182. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-9973220189 . . Further reading [ edit ] Mika Ben Miled (2010). Chéchia, le bonnet de feutre méditerranéen (in French). Carthage: Cartaginoiseries. p. 182. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-9973-704-15-3 . . Sophie Ferchiou (1971). Techniques et sociétés (in French). Paris: Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. p. 239. Nora Lafi (/wiki/Nora_Lafi) (2017). "Une mobilisation de travailleurs contre le machinisme: la Tunisie ottomane entre industrialisation et colonisation" (http://poldev.revues.orgbcrfj.revues.org/2449) . Revue internationale de politique de développement (in French). 8 (8). doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4000/poldev.2449 (https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fpoldev.2449) . Retrieved 24 October 2017 . . External links [ edit ] Category:Chechias at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ch%C3%A9chia) from Wiktionary Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chechias) from Commons News (https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Chechias) from Wikinews Quotations (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Chechias) from Wikiquote Texts (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Chechias) from Wikisource Textbooks (https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Chechias) from Wikibooks Resources (https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Chechias) from Wikiversity Mohamed Bouamoud (19 October 2007). "Enquête: comment se porte la chéchia ?" (http://www.webmanagercenter.com/2007/10/19/34477/enquete-comment-se-porte-la-chechia/) . webmanagercenter.com (in French) . Retrieved 24 October 2017 . . 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Maya embroidery, Dzibalchen, Campeche, Mexico The dress of Aymara (/wiki/Aymara_people) women in Bolivia (/wiki/Bolivia) has inspired contemporary Indigenous designers Mapuche (/wiki/Mapuche) fashion in Chile (/wiki/Chile) highlights rainbow colors and silverwork unique to their people. Indigenous fashion of the Americas is the design (/wiki/Fashion_design) and creation of high-fashion clothing (/wiki/Clothing) and fashion accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessories) by Indigenous peoples of the Americas (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) . Indigenous designers frequently incorporate motifs (/wiki/Motif_(visual_arts)) and customary materials into their wearable artworks, providing a basis for creating items for the couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) and international fashion markets. Their designs may result from techniques such as beadwork (/wiki/Beadwork) , quillwork (/wiki/Quillwork) , leather (/wiki/Leather_crafting) , and textile arts (/wiki/Textile_arts_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) , such as weaving, twining, and tufting. In some cases, however, they choose not to include any materials associated with Indigenous cultures. Controversy has emerged over the cultural misappropriation (/wiki/Cultural_misappropriation) or inappropriate use of cultural heritage and intellectual property (/wiki/Intellectual_property) by non-Native designers. Respectful use of imagery by mainstream designers who are not Indigenous can help expand appreciation of Native cultures, but plagiarism of design or malapropos use reinforces negative stereotypes and spurs controversy. Similarly, utilizing artisan craftwork can expand awareness if designers are fairly compensated for their work and given credit for their contributions. Contemporary controversies have spurred both crowd-sourced and legislative action to protect the designs and cultural heritage of Indigenous designers. History [ edit ] Elegant Aymara (/wiki/Aymara_people) woman in Bolivia combined customary Aymaya bowler hat, shawls, and layers of petticoats with high-heeled boats, ca. 1920 Mid-20th century [ edit ] Gilberto Ortiz in 2015. In Mexico before 1950, many Indigenous communities were isolated and produced their own traditional clothing. As roads improved and people began moving from the countryside to cities, many put aside their traditional clothing, to blend in with their new cosmopolitan neighbors. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGómez2011-1) In 1965, Gilberto Ortiz (/w/index.php?title=Gilberto_Ortiz&action=edit&redlink=1) ( Mixtec (/wiki/Mixtec) ) moved from San Andrés Lagunas (/wiki/San_Andr%C3%A9s_Lagunas) , Oaxaca, to Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) and began training as a tailor under German businessman, José Schroeder. Acquiring traditional European styling, his first major client was movie icon, María Félix (/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_F%C3%A9lix) . In 1978, Ortiz left Schroeder and partnered with the Italian businessman, Edmundo Calanchini. He designed mainly for businessmen and politicians until 1997, when he opened his own shop aimed specifically at the haute couture market. In 2006, at the suggestion of his client Juan Gabriel (/wiki/Juan_Gabriel) , Ortiz launched his own label, Gioros , an acronym using the first two letters of each of his names, Gilberto Ortiz Osorio. In 2012, he was named one of the top three tailors in the world by the textile firm Scabal (/wiki/Scabal) . Typically Ortiz produces classically styled garments using high-end fabrics, but his latest offering in 2017 featured men's and women's jeans. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez2014-2) [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKemchs2017-3) [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''El_Diario_de_Chihuahua''2017-4) Sean McCormick (/w/index.php?title=Sean_McCormick&action=edit&redlink=1) (Métis), who began designing footwear (/wiki/Footwear) in the early 1990s and in 2008, launched Manitobah Mukluks ; [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalcon2009-5) [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinopoli2015-6) and Virginia Yazzie Ballenger (/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Yazzie_Ballenger&action=edit&redlink=1) (Navajo), New Mexican designer, [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe2013Z042-7) [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHardin-BurrolaSarathRosebrough2017122-8) most noted for her "fluted broomstick skirt and matching velveteen blouse". [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe2010237-9) Since 1995, the Canadian Aboriginal Festival (/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aboriginal_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1) (CANAB) has hosted a fashion show of First Nations (/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada) designers. Dave Jones ( Garden River Ojibwe (/wiki/Garden_River_First_Nation) ), began producing an annual fashion show for the Canadian Aboriginal Music Awards (CAMA) in 2001. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott2016187-10) [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurnan2013-11) By 2008, the CANAB Festival featured six fashion shows, as well as booths for designers to exhibit their wares. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillmott2016188-12) In 1998, the Denver Art Museum (/wiki/Denver_Art_Museum) hosted a fashion show, Indian Chic featuring the works of Dorothy Grant, Wendy Ponca, and Margaret Roach Wheeler. It was the first time a major museum had shown works in their collection of Indigenous garments, labeling them as "fashion". [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe2010243-13) Other Native designers of the 2000s include Orlando Dugi (/wiki/Orlando_Dugi) (Navajo), Dallin Maybee (/w/index.php?title=Dallin_Maybee&action=edit&redlink=1) ( Northern Arapaho (/wiki/Northern_Arapaho) / Seneca (/wiki/Seneca_Nation_of_Indians) ), Connie Gaussoin (/w/index.php?title=Connie_Gaussoin&action=edit&redlink=1) (Navajo/ Picuris Pueblo (/wiki/Picuris_Pueblo) ), the street style of Douglas Miles (/wiki/Douglas_Miles) of Apache Skateboards ( San Carlos Apache (/wiki/San_Carlos_Apache_Indian_Reservation) / Akimel O'odham (/wiki/Akimel_O%27odham) ) and the custom shoes of Louie Gong (/wiki/Louie_Gong) ( Nooksack (/wiki/Nooksack_people) / Squamish (/wiki/Squamish_Nation) ). [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe2012b85-14) Dugi is self-taught in fashion, learning to sew, measure and create patterns from online resources. [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett-Begaye201595-15) Jamie Okuma (/wiki/Jamie_Okuma) ( Luiseño (/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o) / Shoshone-Bannock (/wiki/Fort_Hall_Indian_Reservation) ), another self-taught artist, became the youngest person to earn the Best of Show ribbon at the Santa Fe Indian Market in 2000. [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrinberg2013-16) [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndyke2001-17) [18] (#cite_note-:0-18) 21st-century [ edit ] From the turn of the 21st century, there has been a resurgence in Latin America (/wiki/Latin_America) for Indigenous designs. The trend has been to partner with Indigenous communities of artisans (/wiki/Artisans) to create fabrics for non-Native designers. [19] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAconcha2014-19) [20] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEResnik2016-20) [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastellanos_Usigli2016-21) [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampos_L.2016-22) [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEContacto_Hoy2017-23) In many countries, the Indigenous heritage is seen as part of the national identity and there was little recognition that the design elements non-Native designers used and modified were part of the intellectual property of Indigenous communities. Designers often used remnants of textiles or cut-out embroidery on one garment to use on another. Imitations of Indigenous designs were ordered from labor markets in Asia. After 2010, the trend began to change with slow recognition that original Indigenous designs and designers should be respected. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGómez2011-1) One innovator in this period was Franklin Janeta ( Puruhá (/wiki/Puruh%C3%A1) ), of Riobamba (/wiki/Riobamba) , Ecuador, who began working as an embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) artisan as a child, and in 2000 opened Vispu, a store to market his designs. Modifying traditional clothing styles, he altered components like necklines (/wiki/Necklines) and sleeve length to create more contemporary fashions. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''El_Telégrafo''2017-24) Around the same time, Eliana Paco Paredes (/wiki/Eliana_Paco_Paredes) ( Aymara (/wiki/Aymara_people) ) of Bolivia began to design fashions based on the traditional costumes of the cholitas (/wiki/Cholo#Bolivia) , using wool or aguayo (/wiki/Aguayo_(cloth)) fabrics, but fusing them with lace or silk and decorating them with rhinestones and sequins. In 2016, after showing her work at Bolivian Fashion Week, she was invited to participate in New York Fashion Week. [25] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Prensa_Libre''2016-25) In Ecuador (/wiki/Ecuador) , Lucía Guillín (/w/index.php?title=Luc%C3%ADa_Guill%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1) ( Puruhá (/wiki/Puruh%C3%A1) ) launched Churandy featuring the dress styles of Indigenous Andes communities with contemporary modifications in 2012. Her clothing lines have expanded to include blouses, jackets, and shorts featuring embroidery patterns and colors typical to the region. [26] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlvarado2015-26) The same year, Sisa Morocho (Puruhá) also launched her design company Sumak Churay in Quito (/wiki/Quito) , after studying fashion at the Ana MacAulife Institute. Her father's death had prompted her to leave the family hat business and branch out on her own. Using motifs from the Puruhá culture and adorning them with beads, embroidery, and sequins on brightly colored fabrics, she first sold blouses and then became known for dresses. In 2015, Morocho was able to open a second store featuring her designs in Riobamba. [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMárquez2017-27) [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendieta_T.2017-28) Modern women's parka by Inuk designer Victoria Kakuktinniq (/wiki/Victoria_Kakuktinniq) , 2021. In 2013, Victoria Kakuktinniq (/wiki/Victoria_Kakuktinniq) (Inuit) founded Victoria's Arctic Fashion to market her designs. She creates fur and leather winterwear goods including headbands, jackets, gloves (/wiki/Gloves) , and parkas (/wiki/Parka) , using sealskin and decorated with fox cuffs and embroidery. [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Indian_Country_Today''2017-29) [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETamoto2013-30) In 2015, Kakuktinniq won the Business of the Year award from the Nunavut annual trade show. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZerehi2016-31) The Italian designing firm, Ermenegildo Zegna (/wiki/Ermenegildo_Zegna_Group) , opened a fashion institute in 2016, in the Azcapotzalco (/wiki/Azcapotzalco) neighborhood of Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) with the goal of teaching the techniques of design to Indigenous women. Students enrolled were members of the Mazahua (/wiki/Mazahua_people) , Nahua (/wiki/Nahua_peoples) , Otomí (/wiki/Otomi_people) , Purépecha (/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha) , Triqui (/wiki/Trique_people) and Tzeltal (/wiki/Tzeltal_people) ethnic groups. The training the women received focused on tailoring (/wiki/Tailoring) techniques rather than on native design elements in an effort to allow the women to move from craftwork into the high fashion market. [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHernández2016-32) That same year, Nala Peter (Inuit) began making sealskin bras and panties (/wiki/Panties) at the suggestion of her partner, link marketing them online and was invited to participate in the Floe Edge (/wiki/Floe_Edge) : Contemporary Art and Collaborations exhibition in Nunavut (/wiki/Nunavut) . Another exhibitor at the show was Nicole Camphaug (/wiki/Nicole_Camphaug) (Inuit), who designs footwear with sealskin and fur heels and vamps. [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCue2016-33) [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Indian_Country_Today''2017-29) Vancouver (/wiki/Vancouver) hosted its first Indigenous Fashion Week in 2017 with designs from numerous First Nations designers, including Sho Sho Esquiro (/w/index.php?title=Sho_Sho_Esquiro&action=edit&redlink=1) [18] (#cite_note-:0-18) ( Kaska Dena (/wiki/Kaska_Dena) /Cree), known for elaborately decorated gowns, enhanced with fur, beaver tail, salmon skin, feathers and shells combined with gold trim; Evan Ducharme (Métis), whose work focuses on sustainable and Eco-friendly design [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollie2017-34) and incorporates Métis elements like knotted belts based on fishing net techniques; [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarang2017-35) Jeneen Frei Njootli (/wiki/Jeneen_Frei_Njootli) ( Vuntut Gwitchin (/wiki/Vuntut_Gwitchin_First_Nation) ), who presented a collection using innovative design incorporating fur and hides; Autum Jules (/w/index.php?title=Autum_Jules&action=edit&redlink=1) ( Tlingit (/wiki/Teslin_Tlingit_Council) ), noted for her use of textures and color to reflect the connection between people and the earth; Tyler-Alan Jacobs (/w/index.php?title=Tyler-Alan_Jacobs&action=edit&redlink=1) , ( Squamish (/wiki/Squamish_Nation) ) whose designs reflect his identity as a two-spirit (/wiki/Two-spirit) artist; and Alano Edzerza ( Tahltan (/wiki/Tahltan_First_Nation) ), known as a multi-media artist whose work incorporates silk-screened images of Native iconography on his garments. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollie2017-34) Jill Setah ( Yunesit'in (/wiki/Yunesit%27in) ) participated in the Vancouver event, after having showcased her works at both Oxford Fashion Week and Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) . [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarang2017-35) Tishynah Buffalo (/wiki/Tishynah_Buffalo) ( George Gordon (/wiki/Gordon_First_Nation) ), who lives in Alberta (/wiki/Alberta) , Canada, was invited to participate in London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) in 2017, to showcase her innovative designs which often use Pendleton blankets (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_point_blanket) and are decorated with beadwork and Cree floral patterns. [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell2017-36) Helen Oro (/w/index.php?title=Helen_Oro&action=edit&redlink=1) , ( Pelican Lake (/wiki/Pelican_Lake_First_Nation) ), who designs fashion accessories, also participated in the event. Oro who has found ceremonial beading constricting, adds beadwork to glasses, headbands, heels (/wiki/High-heeled_footwear) and creates jewelry pieces. [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell2017-36) [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMattern2018-37) [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames2017-38) First Nations designers, including Sage Paul (/wiki/Sage_Paul) ( Denesuline (/wiki/Denesuline) ), launched the first Indigenous Fashion Week Toronto in 2018. [39] (#cite_note-39) Legal definitions of Indigenous [ edit ] After the United States passed the Indian Arts and Crafts Act (/wiki/Indian_Arts_and_Crafts_Act) of 1990, public debate in Canada over protection of intellectual property rights became a media topic. There are no Canadian laws that specifically protect against cultural appropriation. The government utilizes international agreements to uphold their fiduciary responsibility to First Nations. As in the US, laws cover communities as a whole and not individual copyright and it is difficult for Indigenous peoples to prevent misappropriation of their names and symbols. Most protections that exist are to protect economic rather than heritage rights. In two cases, trademarks have been obtained to protect Native artists. Since 1959, the "igloo tag" may be used only by Inuit (/wiki/Inuit) to protect their works. The Cowichan Band Council (/wiki/Cowichan_Tribes) has registered "Genuine Cowichan Approved" as a mark specifically for clothing designs. [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUdy2015-40) Canada has no specific laws to protect First Nations (/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada) iconography and Indigenous arts though two trademarks (/wiki/Trademark) , "igloo tag" and "Genuine Cowichan Approved" have been registered to protect Inuit (/wiki/Inuit) and clothing designs for the Cowichan Tribes (/wiki/Cowichan_Tribes) . In Latin America (/wiki/Latin_America) , legislation is sparse, but some countries or individual states within countries with high Indigenous populations have passed laws to protect Indigenous heritage and design. Controversy [ edit ] Non-Native fashion designers had generated controversary by cultural misappropriation (/wiki/Cultural_misappropriation) of Indigenous designs and other intellectual property (/wiki/Intellectual_property) . Environmentalists have also targeted some Native designers, especially Inuit, who use fur in their clothing and adornment. In 1991, D’Arcy J. Moses (/w/index.php?title=D%E2%80%99Arcy_J._Moses&action=edit&redlink=1) ( Pehdzeh Ki (/wiki/Pehdzeh_Ki_First_Nation) ), whose bold colors and designs featuring beaver and other furs were carried in high-end retail stores like Holt Renfrew (/wiki/Holt_Renfrew) , Neiman Marcus and Saks Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue) , signed a contract with the Fur Council of Canada to help them improve their image, drawing anger from anti-fur (/wiki/Anti-fur) activists. While the contract provided a steady income, the controversy created a distraction from his work. [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusch2015-41) [42] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTENadeau2005186-42) In 2017, Parisian designer Christian Louboutin (/wiki/Christian_Louboutin) drew criticism for paying Yucatec (/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_Peninsula) Maya (/wiki/Maya_peoples) artisans only 238 pesos (around $13 US) each for bags he sold for around $28,000 pesos (equivalent to $1,550 US). The controversy was sparked when activists called out Louboutin for exploiting the artisans. He paid for all of their materials and paid the workers 478 pesos per day for 6 hours of work, which compares to the average Mexican salary in the region of 80 pesos for 8 hours of work per day. The artisans were thankful for the work and the monies they received, but Louboutin's firm pulled the page advertising the bags from his website. [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEscobarRodríguez2017-43) [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFregoso2017-44) That same year, the Peruvian textile company Kuna withdrew a collection after complaints that the company had misappropriated kené designs from the Shipibo-Conibo people (/wiki/Shipibo-Conibo_people) . The controversy motivated Congresswoman (/wiki/Peruvian_congress) Tania Pariona Tarqui (/wiki/Tania_Pariona_Tarqui) to introduce legislation to protect the cultural heritage and symbols of Indigenous communities in Peru. [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''La_Vanguardia''2017-45) Notable Indigenous fashion designers of the Americas [ edit ] Tammy Beauvais (/wiki/Tammy_Beauvais) ( Kahnawake Mohawk (/wiki/Kahnawake_Mohawk) ), designed the cape given to Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) by Sophie Grégoire-Trudeau (/wiki/Sophie_Gr%C3%A9goire_Trudeau) . Tishynah Buffalo (/wiki/Tishynah_Buffalo) - incorporates Cree designs Eliana Paco Paredes (/wiki/Eliana_Paco_Paredes) - Aymara fashion designer See also [ edit ] Textile arts of indigenous peoples of the Americas (/wiki/Textile_arts_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) Inuit clothing (/wiki/Inuit_clothing) References [ edit ] Citations [ edit ] ^ a b Gómez 2011 (#CITEREFGómez2011) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez2014_2-0) Martínez 2014 (#CITEREFMartínez2014) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKemchs2017_3-0) Kemchs 2017 (#CITEREFKemchs2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''El_Diario_de_Chihuahua''2017_4-0) El Diario de Chihuahua 2017 (#CITEREFEl_Diario_de_Chihuahua2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalcon2009_5-0) Falcon 2009 (#CITEREFFalcon2009) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinopoli2015_6-0) Sinopoli 2015 (#CITEREFSinopoli2015) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe2013Z042_7-0) Metcalfe 2013 (#CITEREFMetcalfe2013) , p. Z042. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHardin-BurrolaSarathRosebrough2017122_8-0) Hardin-Burrola, Sarath & Rosebrough 2017 (#CITEREFHardin-BurrolaSarathRosebrough2017) , p. 122. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe2010237_9-0) Metcalfe 2010 (#CITEREFMetcalfe2010) , p. 237. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott2016187_10-0) Willmott 2016 (#CITEREFWillmott2016) , p. 187. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurnan2013_11-0) Durnan 2013 (#CITEREFDurnan2013) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillmott2016188_12-0) Willmott 2016 (#CITEREFWillmott2016) , p. 188. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe2010243_13-0) Metcalfe 2010 (#CITEREFMetcalfe2010) , p. 243. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalfe2012b85_14-0) Metcalfe 2012b (#CITEREFMetcalfe2012b) , p. 85. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett-Begaye201595_15-0) Bennett-Begaye 2015 (#CITEREFBennett-Begaye2015) , p. 95. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrinberg2013_16-0) Grinberg 2013 (#CITEREFGrinberg2013) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIndyke2001_17-0) Indyke 2001 (#CITEREFIndyke2001) . ^ a b "Native American Fashion's Best of the Best Hit the Runway in Santa Fe [30 Photos] – Indian Country Media Network" (https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/culture/arts-entertainment/native-american-fashions-best-of-the-best-hit-the-runway-in-santa-fe-30-photos/) . indiancountrymedianetwork.com . Retrieved 2018-01-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAconcha2014_19-0) Aconcha 2014 (#CITEREFAconcha2014) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEResnik2016_20-0) Resnik 2016 (#CITEREFResnik2016) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastellanos_Usigli2016_21-0) Castellanos Usigli 2016 (#CITEREFCastellanos_Usigli2016) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampos_L.2016_22-0) Campos L. 2016 (#CITEREFCampos_L.2016) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEContacto_Hoy2017_23-0) Contacto Hoy 2017 (#CITEREFContacto_Hoy2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''El_Telégrafo''2017_24-0) El Telégrafo 2017 (#CITEREFEl_Telégrafo2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Prensa_Libre''2016_25-0) Prensa Libre 2016 (#CITEREFPrensa_Libre2016) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlvarado2015_26-0) Alvarado 2015 (#CITEREFAlvarado2015) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMárquez2017_27-0) Márquez 2017 (#CITEREFMárquez2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendieta_T.2017_28-0) Mendieta T. 2017 (#CITEREFMendieta_T.2017) . ^ a b Indian Country Today 2017 (#CITEREFIndian_Country_Today2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETamoto2013_30-0) Tamoto 2013 (#CITEREFTamoto2013) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZerehi2016_31-0) Zerehi 2016 (#CITEREFZerehi2016) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHernández2016_32-0) Hernández 2016 (#CITEREFHernández2016) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCue2016_33-0) McCue 2016 (#CITEREFMcCue2016) . ^ a b Collie 2017 (#CITEREFCollie2017) . ^ a b Narang 2017 (#CITEREFNarang2017) . ^ a b Bell 2017 (#CITEREFBell2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMattern2018_37-0) Mattern 2018 (#CITEREFMattern2018) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames2017_38-0) James 2017 (#CITEREFJames2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Beaulne-Stuebing, Laura (26 March 2023). "Indigenous fashion designers aren't waiting for the industry to change — they're changing it themselves" (https://www.cbc.ca/radio/unreserved/indigenous-fashion-designers-milan-1.6790343) . CBC . Retrieved 12 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUdy2015_40-0) Udy 2015 (#CITEREFUdy2015) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBusch2015_41-0) Busch 2015 (#CITEREFBusch2015) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENadeau2005186_42-0) Nadeau 2005 (#CITEREFNadeau2005) , p. 186. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEscobarRodríguez2017_43-0) Escobar & Rodríguez 2017 (#CITEREFEscobarRodríguez2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFregoso2017_44-0) Fregoso 2017 (#CITEREFFregoso2017) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''La_Vanguardia''2017_45-0) La Vanguardia 2017 (#CITEREFLa_Vanguardia2017) . Bibliography [ edit ] Aconcha, Diana Carolina (July 2014). 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Phoenix, Arizona. p. 31 . Retrieved 18 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . and Reid, Betty (28 July 1999). "Navajo designers gaining share of fashion market (pt 2)" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16652005/arizona_republic/) . The Arizona Republic (/wiki/The_Arizona_Republic) . Phoenix, Arizona. p. 35 . Retrieved 18 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . Resnik, Jaqueline (12 September 2016). "Cómo ayuda la moda a las artesanas mexicanas" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180113171815/https://www.forbes.com.mx/forbes-life/moda-artesanas-mexicanas/) [How fashion helps Mexican artisans]. Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) (in Spanish). New York, New York. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0015-6914 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0015-6914) . Archived from the original (https://www.forbes.com.mx/forbes-life/moda-artesanas-mexicanas/) on 13 January 2018 . Retrieved 13 January 2018 . Ross, Jenna (2 November 2017). "Tiny North Dakota town a stylemaker's home base" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171102095357/http://www.readingeagle.com/life/article/tiny-north-dakota-town-a-stylemakers-home-base) . Reading Eagle Company . Archived from the original (http://www.readingeagle.com/life/article/tiny-north-dakota-town-a-stylemakers-home-base) on November 2, 2017 . Retrieved 10 January 2018 . Sinha-Roy, Piya (4 November 2012). Simao, Paul (ed.). "No Doubt apologize to Native Americans for Wild West video" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180112225908/https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainment-us-nodoubt-apology/no-doubt-apologize-to-native-americans-for-wild-west-video-idUSBRE8A30KU20121104) . Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . London, England. Archived from the original (https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainment-us-nodoubt-apology/no-doubt-apologize-to-native-americans-for-wild-west-video-idUSBRE8A30KU20121104) on 12 January 2018 . Retrieved 12 January 2018 . Sinopoli, Danny (12 June 2015). "How a little company from Manitoba is taking over the world one moccasin at a time" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180112192251/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/fashion-and-beauty/fashion/how-a-little-company-from-manitoba-is-taking-over-the-world-one-mocccasin-at-a-time/article24917741/) . The Globe and Mail (/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail) . Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Archived from the original (https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/fashion-and-beauty/fashion/how-a-little-company-from-manitoba-is-taking-over-the-world-one-mocccasin-at-a-time/article24917741/) on 12 January 2018 . Retrieved 12 January 2018 . Schmitt, Rory O'Neill (2016). Navajo and Hopi Art in Arizona: Continuing Traditions . Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-62585-560-2 . Silversmith, Shondiin (31 October 2013). "Fashion show honors great Native women" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131104023129/http://navajotimes.com/entertainment/2013/1013/103113apache.php) . Navajo Times (/wiki/Navajo_Times) . Window Rock, Arizona. Archived from the original (http://navajotimes.com/entertainment/2013/1013/103113apache.php) on 4 November 2013 . Retrieved 18 January 2018 . Tamoto, Connie (30 November 2013). "Exploring the Arctic" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180118174606/https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/life/exploring-the-arctic-233904331.html) . Winnipeg Free Press (/wiki/Winnipeg_Free_Press) . Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Archived from the original (https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/life/exploring-the-arctic-233904331.html) on 18 January 2018 . Retrieved 18 January 2018 . Udy, Vanessa (19 November 2015). "The Appropriation of Aboriginal Cultural Heritage: Examining the Uses and Pitfalls of the Canadian Intellectual Property Regime" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160401235325/https://www.sfu.ca/ipinch/outputs/blog/canadian-intellectual-property-regime/) . Intellectual Property Issues in Cultural Heritage . Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Simon Fraser University (/wiki/Simon_Fraser_University) . Archived from the original (https://www.sfu.ca/ipinch/outputs/blog/canadian-intellectual-property-regime/) on 1 April 2016 . Retrieved 12 January 2018 . Walker, Jenn (19 October 2013). "The Woman Who Wears the Dress" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180118185953/http://www.globemiamitimes.com/the-woman-who-wears-the-dress/) . Globe, Arizona: Globe Miami Times. Archived from the original (http://www.globemiamitimes.com/the-woman-who-wears-the-dress/) on 18 January 2018 . Retrieved 18 January 2018 . Willmott, Corey (2016). "8. Designing, Producing and Enacting Nationalisms: Contemporary Amerindian Fashions in Canada" (https://books.google.com/books?id=_wGaNRoHWI0C&pg=PA187) . In Lemire, Beverly (ed.). The Force of Fashion in Politics and Society: Global Perspectives from Early Modern to Contemporary Times . New York, New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. 167–190. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-351-88969-8 . Zerehi, Sima Sahar (19 September 2016). "25th annual Nunavut trade show and conference opens in Iqaluit" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161223191812/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/nunavut-trade-show-conference-iqaluit-1.3768723) . Toronto, Ontario, Canada: CBC News (/wiki/CBC_News) . Archived from the original (http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/nunavut-trade-show-conference-iqaluit-1.3768723) on 23 December 2016 . Retrieved 18 January 2018 . "Artesanías de indígenas colombianos y moda se fusionan en feria BCapital" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180113183317/https://contactohoy.com.mx/artesanias-de-indigenas-colombianos-y-moda-se-fusionan-en-feria-bcapital/) [Indigenous Colombian crafts and fashion merge at Bogotá Capital fair] (in Spanish). Durango, Mexico: Contacto Hoy. 20 October 2017. Archived from the original (https://contactohoy.com.mx/artesanias-de-indigenas-colombianos-y-moda-se-fusionan-en-feria-bcapital/) on 13 January 2018 . Retrieved 13 January 2018 . "Clothing that's cultural" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16650519/clothing_thats_cultural_the_arizona/) . The Arizona Republic (/wiki/The_Arizona_Republic) . Phoenix, Arizona. 14 January 2002. p. 78 . Retrieved 18 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . "Design Studio: Angela Demontigny" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180112183615/http://www.westofthecity.com/people-and-events/design-studio-angela-demontigny/) . West of the City Magazine . Mississauga, Ontario, Canada: Metroland Media Group (/wiki/Metroland_Media_Group) Ltd. 10 November 2016. Archived from the original (http://www.westofthecity.com/people-and-events/design-studio-angela-demontigny/) on 12 January 2018 . Retrieved 12 January 2018 . "Diseñadora aimara boliviana presenta nueva colección" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161017173426/http://www.prensalibre.com/vida/moda-y-estilo/diseadora-aimara-boliviana-presenta-nueva-coleccion) [Bolivian aimara designer presents new collection]. Prensa Libre (/wiki/Prensa_Libre_(Guatemala)) (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala. EFE (/wiki/EFE) . 16 July 2016. Archived from the original (http://www.prensalibre.com/vida/moda-y-estilo/diseadora-aimara-boliviana-presenta-nueva-coleccion) on 17 October 2016 . Retrieved 13 January 2018 . "El sastre indígena que confecciona la ropa de los poderosos en México" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171007012644/http://eldiariodechihuahua.mx/Nacional/2017/10/06/-el-sastre-indigena-que-confecciona-la-ropa-de-los-poderosos-en-mexico-/) [The indigenous tailor who makes the clothes for the powerful in Mexico] (in Spanish). Chihuahua, Mexico: El Diario de Chihuahua (/wiki/El_Diario_de_El_Paso) . 6 October 2017. Archived from the original (http://eldiariodechihuahua.mx/Nacional/2017/10/06/-el-sastre-indigena-que-confecciona-la-ropa-de-los-poderosos-en-mexico-/) on 7 October 2017 . Retrieved 14 January 2018 . "Indian Fashions Are Unique" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16429079/indian_fashions_are_unique_the/) . The Missoulian (/wiki/The_Missoulian) . Missoula, Montana. 3 July 1973. p. 5 . Retrieved 10 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . "Inuit Designers Revive Sealskin Fashion, Celebrate 'National Seal Products Day', May 20" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180118173054/https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/culture/arts-entertainment/inuit-designers-revive-sealskin-fashion-celebrate-national-seal-products-day-may-20/) . Indian Country Today (/wiki/Indian_Country_Today) . New York City, New York. 20 May 2017. Archived from the original (https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/culture/arts-entertainment/inuit-designers-revive-sealskin-fashion-celebrate-national-seal-products-day-may-20/) on 18 January 2018 . Retrieved 18 January 2018 . "Jewel Gilham exhibits fashions" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4145868/the_daily_inter_lake/) . Kalispell, Montana: Daily Inter Lake (/wiki/Daily_Inter_Lake) . 1 May 1977. p. 14 . Retrieved 10 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . "La moda indígena florece en Ecuador" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180113173927/http://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/sociedad/4/la-floreciente-industria-de-la-moda-indigena-en-ecuador) [Indigenous fashion flourishes in Ecuador] (in Spanish). Guayaquil, Ecuador: El Telégrafo (/wiki/El_Tel%C3%A9grafo_(Ecuador)) . Agence France-Presse (/wiki/Agence_France-Presse) . 14 July 2017. Archived from the original (http://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/sociedad/4/la-floreciente-industria-de-la-moda-indigena-en-ecuador) on 13 January 2018 . Retrieved 13 January 2018 . "Retiran colección de moda acusada de apropiarse de arte de indígenas peruanos" (http://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20170918/431393549137/retiran-coleccion-de-moda-acusada-de-apropiarse-de-arte-de-indigenas-peruanos.html) [Retracted fashion collection accused of appropriating Peruvian indigenous art]. La Vanguardia (/wiki/La_Vanguardia) (in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain. EFE (/wiki/EFE) . 18 September 2017 . 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Down feather garment trim Suit with a marabou collar worn by Beverley Owen (/wiki/Beverley_Owen) in 1964 Marabou (historically spelled marabout ) describes a certain type of down feather (/wiki/Down_feather) trimming. Although it takes its name from the marabou stork (/wiki/Marabou_stork) whose undertail down once provided the feathers, [1] (#cite_note-mantle-1) white turkey (/wiki/Domesticated_turkey) feathers have been used as a substitute. [2] (#cite_note-terry-2) The advantage of marabou is that it takes dye well, making it a very versatile trimming for dress, and makes an effective substitute for fur. [1] (#cite_note-mantle-1) While marabou has been widely used as a fashion trimming since the late 19th century, [1] (#cite_note-mantle-1) it is also often used in fly tying (/wiki/Fly_tying) for making up the lures ('flies') (/wiki/Artificial_fly) used for fly fishing (/wiki/Fly_fishing) . [2] (#cite_note-terry-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) In fashion [ edit ] White marabou boa worn by Mae West (/wiki/Mae_West) in 1973. "Marabout" was a very popular trimming from the late eighteenth century onwards. [4] (#cite_note-4) It was used for trimming hats and making up muffs (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) and feather boas (/wiki/Feather_boa) . [5] (#cite_note-exh-5) The Great Exhibition (/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition) of 1851 prominently featured marabout alongside other feathers as second only in popularity to ostrich (/wiki/Ostrich) feathers, and it was noted that white marabout was sometimes very scarce, and also that some manufacturers were making highly commended items from turkey and goose-down. [5] (#cite_note-exh-5) Since the 20th century, marabou (spelt without a T) has become associated with lingerie and sex appeal. The Metropolitan Museum (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum) states that 'no object better epitomizes the sex kitten (/wiki/Sex_kitten) glamour of the 1950s than the marabou mule (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) .' [6] (#cite_note-6) Marabou mules are popularly associated with glamorous 1950s actresses such as Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) , who wore them in The Seven Year Itch (/wiki/The_Seven_Year_Itch) . [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ a b c / "Mantle. c. 1885, by Redmayne & Co" . V&A Search the Collections . Victoria and Albert Museum. 1885 . Retrieved 8 October 2014 . ^ a b Hellekson, Terry (2005). Fish flies : the encyclopedia of the fly tier's art (1st ed.). Salt Lake City: Gibbs Smith. p. 91. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781586856922 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Leiser, Eric (2008). The Complete Book of Fly Tying . New York: Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. pp. 82–83. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781626367531 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. (2011). The complete costume dictionary . Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 186. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810840041 . ^ a b Reports by the Juries: On the Subjects in the Thirty Classes Into which the Exhibition was Divided . W. Clowes. 1852. p. 387. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Pair of mules, American, 1950s" (http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/156263) . The Collection Online . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 8 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Jacobbi, Paola (2007). I Want Those Shoes! . Simon and Schuster. p. 93. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781416546221 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Mathias, Peta (2011). Fabulous: Thoughts on Being a Woman . Random House. p. 33. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781845969875 . 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A caftan worn among Turkic people and the Cossacks Cossack chekmen Chepken or chekmen ( Tatar (/wiki/Tatar_language) : чепкен -outerwear, Karachay-Balkar (/wiki/Karachay-Balkar_language) : чепкен , Kumyk (/wiki/Kumyk_language) : чепген , Russian (/wiki/Russian_language) : чекмень , Nogai (/wiki/Nogai_language) : шепкен , Azerbaijani (/wiki/Azerbaijani_language) : çəpkən , Turkish (/wiki/Turkish_language) : cepken ) is a caftan worn among Turkic people (/wiki/Turkic_people) and later by the Cossacks (/wiki/Cossacks) . It was also in wide use among Caucasians (/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Description [ edit ] The clothing is in a transitional form between a robe and a fitting caftan without collar and most often made of cloth. The word "chepken" was used among Turkic groups in North Caucasus to refer to chokha (/wiki/Chokha) and was often synonymous with that attire. [3] (#cite_note-3) Among Azerbaijanis (/wiki/Azerbaijanis) "chepken" is a type of lined upper shoulder clothing with long false sleeves. Chepkens were mainly sewn from cloth, velour or velvet as well as various silk brocade fabrics. It was worn mainly by women, but there is also a male version of this clothing. Depending on the age of the women, the colors of the chepkens varied. Young girls and women usually wore yellow, red or green, and older women wore white or black shirts. Chepkens were often sewn with cut linings that fit snugly to the body. In the lower side part of the clothes there was a detail called "chapyg" Azerbaijani (/wiki/Azerbaijani_language) : çapıq - "scar" . They wore a chepken over a shirt, so it fitted well to the body. On the sides, the chepken had sleeves ending in armlets. Buttons were sometimes sewn to the sleeves. [4] (#cite_note-4) Etymology [ edit ] The word "chepken" is of Turkic (/wiki/Turkic_languages) origin and has analogues in related Turkic languages, such as "chikman" and "chikpen" that translate to "chikmyan" in Tatar (/wiki/Tatar_language) and Bashkir (/wiki/Bashkir_language) . In Turkmen (/wiki/Turkmen_language) "chepken" translates to 'cloth' and indicates the material from which this type of clothing was traditionally made. Kuban Cossacks (/wiki/Kuban_Cossacks) called this kind of clothing "chekmen" and Circassians (/wiki/Circassians) called it "shepken" . [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Gallery [ edit ] Turkmen in chepken. Azerbaijani stamp depicting a couple wearing chepkens. Kyrgyz man in traditional attire which includes chepken. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "ЧЕКМЕНЬ" (https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1086678) . academic.ru . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Татарская мужская традиционная одежда (http://luiza-m.narod.ru/smi/tarih/25-ir.htm) ^ (#cite_ref-3) AKBAEV, Harun (2015). "Karachay-Balkar Military Terminology and Weapons" (https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/288314) . Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi . 8 (16): 285. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "CLOTHING xxi. Turkic and Kurdish clothing of Azerbaijan" (https://iranicaonline.org/articles/clothing-xxi) . Encyclopædia Iranica . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Yeniay, Irade (2014). "РУССКИЕ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМЫ С НАЗВАНИЯМИ ОДЕЖДЫ В АСПЕКТЕ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИИ (НА ФОНЕ ТУРЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКА)" (https://atauni.edu.tr/yuklemeler/633cbdcf58d8800ffd98830d02cb37c9.pdf) (PDF) . ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ RUS DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI ANABİLİM DALI : 42. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Hotko, S.Kh. (2011). Страна на вершине Кавказа. Очерки истории и культуры Карачая (PDF) . Maykop: ОАО «Полиграф - ЮГ». p. 381. Further reading [ edit ] • Большой Энциклопедический словарь . Moscow, 2000 This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Dancewear (/wiki/Dancewear) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dancewear (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dancewear) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐hw5qz Cached time: 20240720214127 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.068 seconds Real time usage: 0.163 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 150/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2867/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 250/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.039/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1180166/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 147.775 1 -total 68.87% 101.774 1 Template:Commons_category 67.28% 99.416 1 Template:Sister_project 65.35% 96.567 1 Template:Side_box 31.04% 45.863 1 Template:Cat_main 23.61% 34.893 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10930000-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720214127 and revision id 1195471393. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. C Clubwear (/wiki/Category:Clubwear) (1 C, 27 P) Dancewear companies (/wiki/Category:Dancewear_companies) (1 C, 9 P) D Dance shoes (/wiki/Category:Dance_shoes) (1 C, 8 P) Pages in category "Dancewear" The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . List of dancewear (/wiki/List_of_dancewear) A Arm warmer (/wiki/Arm_warmer) Athleisure (/wiki/Athleisure) B Ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) Ballerina skirt (/wiki/Ballerina_skirt) Bell-bottoms (/wiki/Bell-bottoms) Dance belt (/wiki/Dance_belt) Bodysuit (/wiki/Bodysuit) C Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Dance costume (/wiki/Dance_costume) Crop top (/wiki/Crop_top) F Fluffy (footwear) (/wiki/Fluffy_(footwear)) H Hotpants (/wiki/Hotpants) J Jumpsuit (/wiki/Jumpsuit) L Leg warmer (/wiki/Leg_warmer) Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Leotard (/wiki/Leotard) S Sleeveless shirt (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) Sports bra (/wiki/Sports_bra) T Tights (/wiki/Tights) Tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) Tutu (clothing) (/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)) U Unitard (/wiki/Unitard) W Wide-leg jeans (/wiki/Wide-leg_jeans) Y Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Dancewear&oldid=1195471393 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Dancewear&oldid=1195471393) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by function (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_function) Dance equipment (/wiki/Category:Dance_equipment) Sportswear (/wiki/Category:Sportswear) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
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Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) 1999 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1999) 2000 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2000) 2001 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2001) 2002 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2002) 2003 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2003) 2004 2005 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2005) 2006 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2006) 2007 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2007) 2008 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2008) 2009 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2009) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5fdc497c9b‐kvlk5 Cached time: 20240718064746 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.115 seconds Real time usage: 0.228 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 50/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2594/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 12/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4114/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.088/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 947622/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 214.938 1 -total 80.91% 173.901 1 Template:Navseasoncats 19.01% 40.855 1 Template:Portal Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44836929-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718064746 and revision id 914451662. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 2004" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Common Projects (/wiki/Common_Projects) D Dover Street Market (/wiki/Dover_Street_Market) G Geminola (/wiki/Geminola) J J Brand (/wiki/J_Brand) Joe Fresh (/wiki/Joe_Fresh) M Marchesa (brand) (/wiki/Marchesa_(brand)) Max Fashion (/wiki/Max_Fashion) Mshasho Clothing (/wiki/Mshasho_Clothing) N Number Lab (/wiki/Number_Lab) R Rapha (sportswear) (/wiki/Rapha_(sportswear)) Rebecca & Drew Manufacturing (/wiki/Rebecca_%26_Drew_Manufacturing) Ruehl No.925 (/wiki/Ruehl_No.925) S Stylenanda (/wiki/Stylenanda) V Veja (brand) (/wiki/Veja_(brand)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2004&oldid=914451662 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_2004&oldid=914451662) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 2000s fashion (/wiki/Category:2000s_fashion) Clothing companies established in the 21st century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_21st_century) Design companies established in 2004 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_2004) Manufacturing companies established in 2004 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_2004) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment)
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1965 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1965) 1966 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1966) 1967 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1967) 1968 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1968) 1969 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1969) 1970 1971 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1971) 1972 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1972) 1973 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1973) 1974 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1974) 1975 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1975) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f564bd77d‐nrzzc Cached time: 20240718151315 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.079 seconds Real time usage: 0.120 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.061/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933390/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 113.300 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 113.300 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:52269226-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718151315 and revision id 974954336. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1970" The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Ann Summers (/wiki/Ann_Summers) Anokhi (/wiki/Anokhi) B Bill Blass Group (/wiki/Bill_Blass_Group) Brandy Melville (/wiki/Brandy_Melville) K Kenzo (brand) (/wiki/Kenzo_(brand)) Kickers (brand) (/wiki/Kickers_(brand)) L Luciano Barbera (/wiki/Luciano_Barbera) N Nine West Holdings (/wiki/Nine_West_Holdings) P Penalty (sports manufacturer) (/wiki/Penalty_(sports_manufacturer)) Prince Sports (/wiki/Prince_Sports) R Roberto Cavalli (company) (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli_(company)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1970&oldid=974954336 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1970&oldid=974954336) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1970s fashion (/wiki/Category:1970s_fashion) Design companies established in 1970 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1970) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Manufacturing companies established in 1970 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1970) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐78789c78f5‐dwphs Cached time: 20240628040338 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.001 seconds Real time usage: 0.001 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76508799-0!canonical and timestamp 20240628040338 and revision id 1216745196. Rendering was triggered because: api-purge Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. D Defunct women's fashion magazines published in the United States (/wiki/Category:Defunct_women%27s_fashion_magazines_published_in_the_United_States) (1 C, 20 P) Pages in category "Women's fashion magazines published in the United States" The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B BASIC Magazine (/wiki/BASIC_Magazine) BELLA (American magazine) (/wiki/BELLA_(American_magazine)) C Cosmopolitan (magazine) (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) D Daily Front Row (/wiki/Daily_Front_Row) E Eliza (magazine) (/wiki/Eliza_(magazine)) Essence (magazine) (/wiki/Essence_(magazine)) F FutureClaw (/wiki/FutureClaw) H Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) J Jetset Magazine (/wiki/Jetset_Magazine) M Mochi (magazine) (/wiki/Mochi_(magazine)) N Nifty Magazine (/wiki/Nifty_Magazine) Nylon (magazine) (/wiki/Nylon_(magazine)) S Seventeen (American magazine) (/wiki/Seventeen_(American_magazine)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Women%27s_fashion_magazines_published_in_the_United_States&oldid=1216745196 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Women%27s_fashion_magazines_published_in_the_United_States&oldid=1216745196) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion magazines published in the United States (/wiki/Category:Fashion_magazines_published_in_the_United_States) Women's fashion magazines (/wiki/Category:Women%27s_fashion_magazines) Women's magazines published in the United States (/wiki/Category:Women%27s_magazines_published_in_the_United_States)
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American fashion model from Hurley, New York Rebecca Leigh Longendyke Longendyke models for Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) in 2021 Born ( 1996-07-21 ) July 21, 1996 (age 27) [2] (#cite_note-hola-2) Hurley, New York (/wiki/Hurley,_New_York) , U.S. Alma mater Binghamton University (/wiki/Binghamton_University) Occupation Model Modeling information Height 1.77 m (5 ft 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Hair color Blonde Eye color Blue-green Agency Model Partner (Mother Agent) Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (New York) Women Management (/wiki/Women_Management) (Paris, Milan) Models 1 (London) Munich Models [1] (#cite_note-1) Rebecca Leigh Longendyke (born July 16, 1996) is an American fashion model. She has appeared on the cover of Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) three times and on the cover of Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) once. Early life and education [ edit ] Longendyke, the middle child of three girls, was born and raised in the small town of Hurley (/wiki/Hurley,_New_York) , in the Hudson Valley (/wiki/Hudson_Valley) of New York. She was scouted via Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) by her mother agent (/wiki/Mother_agent) , Model Partner, and did not begin modeling professionally until attending college at Binghamton University (/wiki/Binghamton_University) . [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) Longendyke studied biomedical engineering (/wiki/Biomedical_engineering) , for which she earned her degree. [2] (#cite_note-hola-2) [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] While working as a waitress, Longendyke's test photos were chosen to be in a Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) campaign, [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) alongside British-French singer Charlotte Gainsbourg (/wiki/Charlotte_Gainsbourg) and American supermodel Amber Valletta (/wiki/Amber_Valletta) . [5] (#cite_note-5) Her first runway show was for the former Calvin Klein Collection (/wiki/Calvin_Klein_Collection) label, and she walked for Saint Laurent, Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , and Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) among others. [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) In the 2019-2020 season, she walked in 58 shows, [6] (#cite_note-6) twice as many as her contemporaries, for brands including Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) , Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) , Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) , Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , and Chloé (/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Longendyke first appeared on the cover of Vogue Italia in January 2019 photographed by Craig McDean (/wiki/Craig_McDean) , [3] (#cite_note-wsj-3) and shortly after, appeared on the cover of i-D (/wiki/I-D) photographed by Alasdair McLellan (/wiki/Alasdair_McLellan) . [8] (#cite_note-8) She has also appeared on the cover of Vogue Japan (/wiki/Vogue_Japan) and Vogue Germany . [9] (#cite_note-bof-9) Longendyke has appeared in campaigns for Louis Vuitton, Chanel, Celine, Michael Kors, Michael Kors Gorgeous Fragrance, Mango (/wiki/Mango_(retailer)) , [2] (#cite_note-hola-2) Isabel Marant (/wiki/Isabel_Marant) , Calvin Klein, Calvin Klein Euphoria Intense Fragrance, Prada, Chloé, Tod's, and Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) . [2] (#cite_note-hola-2) Longendyke ranks on models.com's "Top 50" models list. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Rebecca Leigh Longendyke - Model" (https://models.com/models/rebecca-leigh-longendyke) . models.com . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Merino, Luis Javier (March 12, 2020). "Zara, Mango... ¿Qué tiene la modelo Rebecca Leigh Longendyke que todos la quieren?" (https://es-us.vida-estilo.yahoo.com/zara-mango-modelo-rebecca-leigh-110410446.html) . Hola! (/wiki/Hola!) Magazine (in Spanish) – via Yahoo!. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Florsheim, Lane (April 23, 2019). "May Cover: Dreamy Fashion in the Great Outdoors" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/may-cover-dreamy-fashion-in-the-great-outdoors-11556023819) . Wall Street Journal, the Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "V125 NEXT GEN: REBECCA LONGENDYKE" (https://vmagazine.com/article/v125-next-gen-rebecca-longendyke/) . V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) . April 30, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Saint Laurent Presents a Superstar Trifecta for Spring 2019 Campaign" (https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/saint-laurent-snags-not-one-but-3-new-faces-for-latest-campaign) . L'Officiel (/wiki/L%27Officiel) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Mac Donnell, Chloe (October 10, 2018). "From comeback supermodels to new names to know, the 10 models who ruled fashion month" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/10-models-ruled-fashion-month/) . The Telegraph . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Rebecca Leigh Longendyke's impressive Fashion Month" (https://www.yahoo.com/now/rebecca-leigh-longendykes-impressive-fashion-month-181933931.html) . Agence France-Presse . October 9, 2019 – via Yahoo!. ^ (#cite_ref-8) White, Ryan (February 21, 2019). "the girl next door: rebecca longendyke by alasdair mclellan" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/evea8e/the-girl-next-door-rebecca-longendyke-by-alasdair-mclellan) . i-D (/wiki/I-D) . ^ (#cite_ref-bof_9-0) "Rebecca Longendyke Model" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/rebecca-longendyke) . Business of Fashion (/wiki/Business_of_Fashion) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Top 50 Models" (https://models.com/rankings/ui/Top50-All/21670#21670) . models.com . 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William Rast Industry Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Founded 2005 ; 19 years ago ( 2005 ) Founder Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) Trace Ayala Headquarters Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California (/wiki/California) , U.S. Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Owner Yehuda Shmidman Website williamrast (https://williamrast.com/) .com (https://williamrast.com/) A William Rast model walking down the catwalk at the 2009 New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) William Rast is an American clothing line. It was founded by Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) and Trace Ayala in 2005 and is currently owned by Yehuda Shmidman. The name "William Rast" is a combination of Timberlake's grandfather's first name and Ayala's grandfather's last name. [1] (#cite_note-1) The brand has had partnerships with designers such as Johan and Marcella Lindeberg [2] (#cite_note-2) as well as retailers such as Target (/wiki/Target_Corporation) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) History [ edit ] William Rast was founded by Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) and Trace Ayala in 2005 as a denim line. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) William Rast sponsored the #98 Bryan Herta Autosport (/wiki/Bryan_Herta_Autosport) / Curb-Agajanian Performance Group (/wiki/Curb-Agajanian_Performance_Group) IndyCar of Dan Wheldon (/wiki/Dan_Wheldon) which won the 2011 Indianapolis 500 (/wiki/2011_Indianapolis_500) . Wheldon died in a crash in October 2011. [8] (#cite_note-8) In November 2021, as part of a bankruptcy (/wiki/Bankruptcy) , WHP Global, owned by Yehuda Shmidman, acquired the company. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Chan, Stephanie (November 18, 2016). "Justin Timberlake's Clothing Line William Rast Is Back" (https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/justin-timberlake-clothing-line-william-rast-returns-7581289/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Greenberg Kaplan, Julee (November 30, 2007). "New Friends: Timberlake, Lindebergs Link Up for William Rast" (https://wwd.com/feature/new-friends-timberlake-lindebergs-link-up-for-william-rast-475032-2053000/) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Timberlake Fashion Line Partners With Target" (https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/timberlake-fashion-line-partners-with-target-1203059/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . July 29, 2010. {{ cite magazine (/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine) }} : Unknown parameter |agency= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored) ) ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Target to Offer Exclusive Limited-Edition Collection by William Rast" (https://corporate.target.com/press/releases/2010/11/target-to-offer-exclusive) (Press release). Target Corporation (/wiki/Target_Corporation) . November 20, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-5) TSCHORN, ADAM (December 24, 2010). "Designer William Rast has collection for Target" (https://www.staugustine.com/story/lifestyle/2010/12/25/designer-william-rast-has-collection-target/16215486007/) . The St. Augustine Record (/wiki/The_St._Augustine_Record) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Longo, Joseph (February 12, 2021). "REMEMBER WILLIAM RAST, JUSTIN TIMBERLAKE'S DISAPPOINTING DENIM LINE?" (https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/justin-timberlake-william-rast-jeans) . MEL Magazine (/wiki/MEL_Magazine) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Saunders, Nicole (September 8, 2016). "Justin Timberlake Discusses Tennessee Roots in New William Rast Promo Video" (http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/lifestyle/7503418/justin-timberlake-william-rast-video) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) BRICKER, TIERNEY (October 16, 2011). "Dan Wheldon, Race Driver for Justin Timberlake's Clothing Line, Killed During Indy 300 Crash" (https://www.eonline.com/news/269745/dan-wheldon-race-driver-for-justin-timberlake-s-clothing-line-killed-during-indy-300-crash) . E! (/wiki/E!) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Young, Vicki M. (November 5, 2021). "WILLIAM RAST, JOE'S JEANS HEADED TO NEW OWNERS" (https://sourcingjournal.com/denim/denim-business/william-rast-joes-jeans-whp-centric-sequential-yehuda-shmidman-jessica-simpson-311991/) . Penske Media Corporation (/wiki/Penske_Media_Corporation) . 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Style of hat formerly associated with the Anglican clergy The shovel hat was a style of hat formerly associated with the Anglican (/wiki/Anglican) clergy, particularly archdeacons (/wiki/Archdeacon) and bishops (/wiki/Bishop) . Description [ edit ] William Alexander (/wiki/William_Alexander_(bishop)) , Archbishop of Armagh, caricatured in 1895, wearing a bishop's apron, gaiters and low-crowned shovel hat. A shovel hat. The hat was usually made of black beaver (/wiki/Beaver_hat) or felt, and had a low, round crown and a wide brim, which projected in a shovel-like curve at the front and rear and was often worn turned up at the sides. [1] (#cite_note-cumming-1) [2] (#cite_note-picken-2) Like the tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) it was a development of the low-crowned broad-brimmed hats fashionable in the later 17th century. Along with the bishop's apron (/wiki/Apron) and gaiters (/wiki/Gaiters#In_the_Anglican_church) , the shovel hat was an instantly recognisable accoutrement of senior Anglican clergy between the 18th and late 19th century, although it was also worn by parsons (/wiki/Parson) and less senior figures. By the mid 19th century it was already seen as somewhat traditionalist or old-fashioned: Carlyle (/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle) coined the term " shovelhattery " to attack hidebound orthodoxy in the Church of England. [1] (#cite_note-cumming-1) The term " broad-brimmed ", occasionally used to describe Anglican churchmen in the 19th century (particularly the Evangelical party) was also derived from the shovel hat. [3] (#cite_note-bradshaw-3) In the 1849 novel Shirley (/wiki/Shirley_(novel)) by Charlotte Brontë (/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB) , chapters 1 and 17, the clergyman Mr Helstone is described as wearing a " Rehoboam (/wiki/Rehoboam_(unit)) , or shovel hat". References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Cumming (ed.) The Carlyle Encyclopaedia , FDUP, 2004, p.428 ^ (#cite_ref-picken_2-0) Picken, A Dictionary of Costume and Fashion , 2013, p.167 ^ (#cite_ref-bradshaw_3-0) Bradshaw (ed) The voice of toil: nineteenth-century British writings about work , OUP, 2000, p.51 v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Titovka (/wiki/Titovka_(cap)) Triglavka (/wiki/Triglavka) Ski (/wiki/Ski_cap) Slouch (/wiki/Slouch_hat) Sou'wester (/wiki/Sou%27wester) Student (/wiki/Student_cap) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) Christian (/wiki/Christian_clothing) Western (/wiki/Western_Christianity) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Canterbury (/wiki/Canterbury_cap) Camauro (/wiki/Camauro) Capirote (/wiki/Capirote) Cappello romano (/wiki/Cappello_romano) Capuchon (/wiki/Capuchon) Christening cap (/wiki/Christening_cap) Galero (/wiki/Galero) Head covering for Christian women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) Easter bonnet (/wiki/Easter_bonnet) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre) Papal tiara (/wiki/Papal_tiara) Pilgrim's (/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_hat) Salvation Army bonnet (/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet) Shovel Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) Eastern (/wiki/Eastern_Christianity) Klobuk (/wiki/Klobuk) Epanokalimavkion (/wiki/Epanokalimavkion) Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) Koukoulion (/wiki/Koukoulion) Skufia (/wiki/Skufia) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Kolpik (/wiki/Kolpik) Spodik (/wiki/Spodik) Shtreimel (/wiki/Shtreimel) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Animal (/wiki/Animal_hat) Ascot (/wiki/Ascot_cap) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Beanie (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Bobble (/wiki/Bobble_hat) Breton (/wiki/Breton_(hat)) Bucket (/wiki/Bucket_hat) Chilote (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Cowboy (/wiki/Cowboy_hat) Boss of the Plains (/wiki/Boss_of_the_Plains) Fruit (/wiki/Fruit_hat) Knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) Party (/wiki/Party_hat) Shower (/wiki/Shower_cap) Tin foil (/wiki/Tin_foil_hat) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella_hat) Whoopee (/wiki/Whoopee_cap) Sports Cricket (/wiki/Cricket_cap) Baggy green (/wiki/Baggy_green) Balaclava (/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)) Facekini (/wiki/Facekini) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) Trucker (/wiki/Trucker_hat) Bicycle clip (/wiki/Bicycle_clip_hat) Casquette (/wiki/Casquette) Deerstalker (/wiki/Deerstalker) Horse racing (/wiki/Jockey%27s_cap) Mounteere (/wiki/Mounteere_cap) Rally (/wiki/Rally_cap) Sports visor (/wiki/Sports_visor) Green eyeshade (/wiki/Green_eyeshade) Stormy Kromer (/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap) Swimming (/wiki/Swim_cap) Water polo (/wiki/Water_polo_cap) Historical (/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion) Attifet (/wiki/Attifet) Apex (/wiki/Apex_(headdress)) Beaver (/wiki/Beaver_hat) Bergère (/wiki/Berg%C3%A8re_hat) Boudoir (/wiki/Boudoir_cap) Boyar (/wiki/Boyar_hat) Bycocket (/wiki/Bycocket) Capotain (/wiki/Capotain) Cavalier (/wiki/Cavalier_hat) Coal scuttle bonnet (/wiki/Coal_scuttle_bonnet) Coif (/wiki/Coif) Dolly Varden (/wiki/Dolly_Varden_(costume)) Dunce (/wiki/Dunce_cap) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) French hood (/wiki/French_hood) Phrygian (/wiki/Phrygian_cap) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Kausia (/wiki/Kausia) Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Miner's (/wiki/Miner%27s_cap) Mob (/wiki/Mobcap) Modius (/wiki/Modius_(headdress)) Pamela (/wiki/Pamela_hat) Petasos (/wiki/Petasos) Pileus (/wiki/Pileus_(hat)) Poke bonnet (/wiki/Poke_bonnet) Pudding (/wiki/Baby_bumper_headguard_cap) Toque (/wiki/Toque) Witch (/wiki/Witch_hat) Gediminas' Cap (/wiki/Gediminas%27_Cap) Folk (/wiki/Folk_costume) Arakhchin (/wiki/Arakhchin) Asian conical (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Aso Oke (/wiki/Aso_Oke_hat) Astrakhan (hat) (/wiki/Canadian_military_fur_wedge_cap) Ayam (/wiki/Ayam_(cap)) Balmoral bonnet (/wiki/Balmoral_bonnet) Bell-boy (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Beonggeoji (/wiki/Beonggeoji) Bhadgaunle Topi (/wiki/Bhadgaunle_Topi) Birke topi (/wiki/Birke_topi) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Blue bonnet (/wiki/Blue_bonnet_(hat)) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Chullo (/wiki/Chullo) Coloured (/wiki/Coloured_hat) Coonskin (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) Cork (/wiki/Cork_hat) Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) Doppa (/wiki/Doppa) Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_cap) Energy dome (/wiki/Energy_dome) Fez (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) Four Winds (/wiki/Four_Winds_hat) Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Fulani (/wiki/Fulani_hat) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Gandhi (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Gat (/wiki/Gat_(hat)) Glengarry (/wiki/Glengarry) 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Sombrero (/wiki/Sombrero) Sombrero calañés (/wiki/Sombrero_cala%C3%B1%C3%A9s) Sombrero cordobés (/wiki/Cordovan_hat) Sombrero de catite (/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite) Sombrero vueltiao (/wiki/Sombrero_vueltiao) Song (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Stormy Kromer cap (/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap) Straw (/wiki/Straw_hat) Šubara (/wiki/%C5%A0ubara) Sun (/wiki/Sun_hat) Tam o' shanter (/wiki/Tam_o%27_shanter_(cap)) Tang (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Tanggeon (/wiki/Tanggeon) Tantour (/wiki/Tantour) Taqiyah (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)) Tembel (/wiki/Tembel_hat) Tokin (/wiki/Tokin_(headwear)) Topor (/wiki/Topor_(headgear)) Tsunokakushi (/wiki/Tsunokakushi) Tubeteika (/wiki/Tubeteika) Tuque (/wiki/Tuque) Tyrolean (/wiki/Tyrolean_hat) Upe (/wiki/Upe) Ushanka (/wiki/Ushanka) Welsh (/wiki/Welsh_hat) Yanggwan (/wiki/Yanggwan) Wrapped headwear Apostolnik (/wiki/Apostolnik) Bashlyk (/wiki/Bashlyk) Birrus (/wiki/Birrus) Bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Boshiya (/wiki/Boshiya) Burqa 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(/wiki/Bumper_brim) Campaign cord (/wiki/Campaign_cord) Cointoise (/wiki/Cointoise) Gamsbart (/wiki/Gamsbart) Hackle (/wiki/Hackle) Lappet (/wiki/Lappet) Plume (/wiki/Plume_(feather)) Sarpech (/wiki/Sarpech) Visor (/wiki/Visor) Accessories Cockade (/wiki/Cockade) Feathers (/wiki/Feather) Hat box (/wiki/Hat_box) Hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐sf7b2 Cached time: 20240712174648 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.353 seconds Real time usage: 0.517 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 448/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 58178/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 662/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10312/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.177/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1817104/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7b54979676‐bcnhx Cached time: 20240716124754 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42068772-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716124754 and revision id 717447869. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. C Children's clothing designers (/wiki/Category:Children%27s_clothing_designers) (14 P) Pages in category "Children's clothing brands" The following 23 pages are in this category, out of 23 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Abercrombie Kids (/wiki/Abercrombie_Kids) Armani Junior (/wiki/Armani_Junior) B Baby Gap (/wiki/Baby_Gap) C Carter's (/wiki/Carter%27s) E Florence Eiseman (/wiki/Florence_Eiseman) EverGirl (/wiki/EverGirl) F Falc (/wiki/Falc) Freak Vault Clothing (/wiki/Freak_Vault_Clothing) G Gap Inc. (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) Gap Kids (/wiki/Gap_Kids) Garanimals (/wiki/Garanimals) Gini & Jony (/wiki/Gini_%26_Jony) H Hanna Andersson (/wiki/Hanna_Andersson) Hoodies and Stones Clothing (/wiki/Hoodies_and_Stones_Clothing) L Lolly Wolly Doodle (/wiki/Lolly_Wolly_Doodle) M McKids (/wiki/McKids) Miki House (/wiki/Miki_House) O OshKosh B'gosh (/wiki/OshKosh_B%27gosh) R Ruff 'n' Tumble (clothing) (/wiki/Ruff_%27n%27_Tumble_(clothing)) S Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) T Tiffosi (/wiki/Tiffosi) Tootsa MacGinty (/wiki/Tootsa_MacGinty) TWIF Clothing (/wiki/TWIF_Clothing) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Children%27s_clothing_brands&oldid=717447869 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Children%27s_clothing_brands&oldid=717447869) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing brands by type (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_by_type) Children's clothing (/wiki/Category:Children%27s_clothing)
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Kazakh fashion model Alla Ilchun Born 1926 Harbin (/wiki/Harbin) , Republic of China (/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)) Died 8 March 1989 Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France (/wiki/France) Occupation model Spouses Mike de Dülmen Igor Mukhin Children 1 Parent(s) Kuantkhan (Zhuanhan) Ilchun Tamara Ilchun Alla Ilchun (10 December 1926 – 6 March 1989) was a Chinese (/wiki/China) -born Kazakh (/wiki/Kazakhs) - Russian (/wiki/Russians) fashion model who lived in France (/wiki/France) . A muse for Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , who referred to her as "his personal talisman (/wiki/Talisman) ", she was the first prominent Asian woman to model European fashions. Biography [ edit ] Ilchun was born in Harbin (/wiki/Harbin) , China in 1926. Her father, Kuantkhan Ilchun, was a railway engineer from a wealthy family in Kazakhstan. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Her mother, Tamara, was a Russian opera singer and the daughter of a White Army (/wiki/White_Army) officer. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-vintage-2) [3] (#cite_note-pearl-3) Due to political unrest in Harbin, with the city passing between the Chinese, Japanese, the Ilchun family fled to France (/wiki/France) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Her father was caught and sent to the Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) . As a teenager, Ilchun worked as a dishwasher in a Parisian restaurant. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [4] (#cite_note-brightside-4) During World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) , she joined the French Resistance (/wiki/French_Resistance) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Ilchun attended a model casting in Paris, as a favor to a friend, and was chosen by Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) to work for the fashion house. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) She became a very successful model, and a muse (/wiki/Artistic_inspiration) for Dior, who referred to her as "his personal talisman (/wiki/Talisman) ". [5] (#cite_note-world-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) She was the first Asian model in the European fashion world. [3] (#cite_note-pearl-3) While working as a model, she met the photographer Mike de Dülmen. The two married and had one children. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) After Dior's death, Ilchun worked closely with Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) . Legacy [ edit ] In 2020, a documentary film titled Alla – Dior’s Oriental Pearl was released by Berlin Irishev, president of AKF. [3] (#cite_note-pearl-3) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "The Amazing Story of Alla Ilchun, the Kazakh Muse of Christian Dior" (https://www.vintag.es/2021/07/alla-ilchun.html) . Retrieved 2023-07-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-vintage_2-0) Everyday, Vintage (July 13, 2021). "Alla Ilchun: The Kazakh Muse of Christian Dior" (https://vintagenewsdaily.com/alla-ilchun-the-kazakh-muse-of-christian-dior/) . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Dior's Pearl: A beauty from China with Kazakh Roots Alla IlchunInformation Portal DimashNews" (https://en.dimashnews.com/diors-pearl-a-beauty-from-china-with-kazakh-roots-alla-ilchun/) . Information Portal DimashNews . September 11, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-brightside_4-0) "The Story of a Kitchen Maid That Became the Favorite Model of Christian Dior" (https://brightside.me/inspiration-girls-stuff/the-story-of-a-kitchen-maid-that-became-the-favorite-model-of-christian-dior-798703/) . Bright Side — Inspiration. Creativity. Wonder . August 29, 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-world_5-0) "Alla Ilchun, Kazakh muse of Christian Dior" (https://kazakhworld.com/2018/12/06/alla-ilchun-kazakh-muse-christian-dior/) . kazakhworld.com . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Biography" (https://allailchun.com/biography/) . Alla Ilchun . 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Traditional garment worn by Albanian men Xhamadan of Isa Boletini (/wiki/Isa_Boletini) , an Albanian freedom fighter of early 20th century A xhamadan or xhamadani is a traditional wool garment worn by Albanian (/wiki/Albanians) men. [1] (#cite_note-Blumi-1) It can be sleeved or sleeveless. The sleeveless xhamadan is only one type of the Albanian vest, the other two being the xhamadani me reshme , and the xhamadani fermele . [2] (#cite_note-Gjergji1976-2) The xhamadani me reshme went out of use around the beginning of the 20th century. [2] (#cite_note-Gjergji1976-2) whereas the xhamadan and the xhamadani fermele continue to be used in traditional festivities. A good xhamadan is usually richly embroidered, sometimes in gold: in the past its quality revealed social rank. [3] (#cite_note-Condrap14-3) History [ edit ] The xhamadani originated in the northeastern parts of Albania, but is worn throughout the country and in other territories inhabited by Albanians. [4] (#cite_note-Condrap15-4) The xhamadan appears to be the jacket to which 16th-century English poet Edmund Spenser (/wiki/Edmund_Spenser) refers in a line of his Faerie Queene (/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene) , published in the 1590s, where he mentions the sleeves-dependent, Albanese wise . [5] (#cite_note-Gjergji2002-5) It is mentioned several times by British travel writers, such as John Foster Fraser (/wiki/John_Foster_Fraser) , who in the first (1906) edition of his book, Pictures from the Balkans , observes the preferences of Albanian men for xhamadans embroidered in gold or silver. [6] (#cite_note-6) Types of xhamadan [ edit ] Men from Kukes (/wiki/Kukes) wearing xhamadan There were three types of xhamadanis in Albania: the xhamadan, the xhamadani me reshme [ clarification needed ] and the xhamadani fermele [ clarification needed ] , of which only the fermele and xhamadan are still in use, the jermele [ clarification needed ] having fallen out of favour around the beginning of the 20th century. [2] (#cite_note-Gjergji1976-2) The xhamadan usually can be closed on the left side, it has usually two pockets, an outside and an inside one, and is adorned with embroidery. In winter time the Albanians would wear the tallagan (/w/index.php?title=Tallagan&action=edit&redlink=1) , a heavy coat, on top of the xhamadan. [7] (#cite_note-Berisha-7) The embroidery can be in silk or cotton braids. [8] (#cite_note-Gjergji-8) Northern and southern Albanians each had several types of xhamadan, which differed in color and cut. Northern Albanians would usually wear a xhamadan of red velvet, embroidered in black silk or, sometimes, gold. [9] (#cite_note-Consociazione_Turistica_Italiana-9) The quality of the embroidery itself indicates social rank. [3] (#cite_note-Condrap14-3) In particular, the xhamadan worn by Albanians in the region of Tetovo (/wiki/Tetovo) (now North Macedonia (/wiki/North_Macedonia) ), is white, or creamy, and richly embroidered. It is sleeveless, and open on the chest, but it can be closed, with special fastenings. It has been a tradition that the bridegroom would wear it on his wedding day. [10] (#cite_note-Sulejmani-10) The southern Albanian version of the xhamadan for men is no longer red like the northern one, but creamy or dark blue. [3] (#cite_note-Condrap14-3) The northern Albanian xhamadan would usually have one pocket for the pocketwatch (/wiki/Pocketwatch) , or two, if the watch had a chain. In southern Albania the chain would be worn diagonally, instead. [11] (#cite_note-Duca_degli_Abruzzi-11) Trivia [ edit ] The song " Xhamadani vija vija (/w/index.php?title=Xhamadani_vija_vija&action=edit&redlink=1) " (English: "Striped xhamadan" ), composed in 1993 by Zef Çoba, refers to the xhamadan, and envisions the union of Albania and Kosovo (/wiki/Kosovo%27s_unification_with_Albania) , united under a common vest. [12] (#cite_note-Turino-12) See also [ edit ] Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Culture of Albania (/wiki/Culture_of_Albania) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Opinga (/wiki/Opinga) Albanian traditional clothing (/wiki/Albanian_traditional_clothing) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Blumi_1-0) Blumi 2011 (#CITEREFBlumi2011) , p. 19 ^ a b c Gjergji 1976 (#CITEREFGjergji1976) , p. 152 ^ a b c Condra 2013 (#CITEREFCondra2013) , p. 14 ^ (#cite_ref-Condrap15_4-0) Condra 2013 (#CITEREFCondra2013) , p. 15 ^ (#cite_ref-Gjergji2002_5-0) Gjergji 2002 (#CITEREFGjergji2002) , p. 290 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Zeri.info (8 February 2015). "Rrëfimi i rrallë i një anglezi: Si ndahen shqiptarët dhe pse edhe të ndarë janë të bashkuar?!" (http://zeri.info/aktuale/19025/rrefimi-i-rralle-i-nje-anglezi-si-ndahen-shqiptaret-dhe-pse-edhe-te-ndare-jane-te-bashkuar/) . Retrieved 12 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Berisha_7-0) Berisha 1973 (#CITEREFBerisha1973) , p. 341 ^ (#cite_ref-Gjergji_8-0) Gjergji 1988 (#CITEREFGjergji1988) , p. 250 ^ (#cite_ref-Consociazione_Turistica_Italiana_9-0) Consociazione Turistica Italiana 1997 (#CITEREFConsociazione_Turistica_Italiana1997) , p. 81 ^ (#cite_ref-Sulejmani_10-0) Sulejmani 1988 (#CITEREFSulejmani1988) , p. 175 ^ (#cite_ref-Duca_degli_Abruzzi_11-0) Museo nazionale della montagna "Duca degli Abruzzi" 2000 (#CITEREFMuseo_nazionale_della_montagna_"Duca_degli_Abruzzi"2000) , p. 28 ^ (#cite_ref-Turino_12-0) Turino 2004 (#CITEREFTurino2004) , p. 38 Sources [ edit ] Berisha, Anton (1973), Kosovo nekad i danas: Kosova dikur e sot , Borba,"-Radna jedinica "Ekonomska politika," Blumi, Isa (10 May 2011), Reinstating the Ottomans: Alternative Balkan Modernities, 1800-1912 , Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-230-11908-6 Condra, Jill (9 April 2013), Encyclopedia of National Dress: Traditional Clothing Around the World , ABC-CLIO, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-313-37637-5 Consociazione Turistica Italiana (1997), Albania Guide Rosse , Touring Editore, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-88-365-1148-8 Gjergji, Andromaqi (2002), Albanian Costumes Through the Centuries: Origin, Types, Evolution , Acad. of Sciences of Albania, Inst. of Folc Culture, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-99943-614-4-1 Gjergji, Andromaqi (1988), Veshjet Shqiptare në Shekuj: Origjina Tipologjia Zhvillimi , Akademia e Shkencave të RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Kulturës Popullore Gjergji, Andromaqi (1976), Etnografia shqiptare , vol. 7–8, Akademia e Shkencave e RPSH, Instituti i Historisë, Sektori i Etnografisë Museo nazionale della montagna "Duca degli Abruzzi" (2000), Argjënd: maestri argentieri in Albania e Kosovo , Museo nazionale della montagna "Duca degli Abruzzi" Sulejmani, Fadil (/wiki/Fadil_Sylejmani) (1988), Lindja, martesa dhe mortja në malësitë e Tetovës , Rilindja Turino, Thomas (2004), Identity and the Arts in Diaspora Communities , Information Coordinators, Incorporated, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-89990-124-4 v t e Folk costumes (/wiki/Folk_costume) Africa (/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa) Balgha (/wiki/Balgha) Boubou (/wiki/Agbada) Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) Head tie (/wiki/Head_tie) Jellabiya (/wiki/Jellabiya) Kanzu (/wiki/Kanzu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Senegalese kaftan (/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan) Tagelmust (/wiki/Tagelmust) Wrapper (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) Asia Central Afghanistan (/wiki/Pashtun_clothing) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Deel (/wiki/Deel_(clothing)) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) East China (/wiki/Chinese_clothing) Cheongsam (/wiki/Cheongsam) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Mao suit (/wiki/Mao_suit) Tangzhuang (/wiki/Tangzhuang) Japan (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) Korea (/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing) Cheopji (/wiki/Cheopji) Daenggi (/wiki/Daenggi) Gache (/wiki/Gache) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Hwagwan (/wiki/Hwagwan) Jokduri (/wiki/Jokduri) Manggeon (/wiki/Wangjin) South Bhutan Gho (/wiki/Gho) Kira (/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)) Dhoti (/wiki/Dhoti) Dupatta (/wiki/Dupatta) India (/wiki/Clothing_in_India) Lungi (/wiki/Lungi) Nepal (/wiki/Newar_traditional_clothing) Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistani_clothing) Pathin (/wiki/Pathin) Perak (/wiki/Perak_(headdress)) Peshawari pagri (/wiki/Peshawari_turban) Sari (/wiki/Sari) Shalwar kameez (/wiki/Shalwar_kameez) Sherwani (/wiki/Sherwani) Southeast Burma (/wiki/Burmese_clothing) Longyi (/wiki/Longyi) Gaung baung (/wiki/Gaung_baung) Cambodia (/wiki/Khmer_clothing) Chong Kben (/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben) Krama (/wiki/Krama) Sompot (/wiki/Sompot) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Indonesia (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Baju bodo (/wiki/Bodo_blouse) Batik (/wiki/Batik) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Kemben 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British fashion journalist and author The Right Honourable (/wiki/The_Right_Honourable) The Lady Windlesham Portrait by Deirdre Daines Born Prudence Loveday Glynn ( 1935-01-22 ) 22 January 1935 [1] (#cite_note-Glynn_obituary_62573-1) Kensington (/wiki/Kensington) , London Died 24 September 1986 (1986-09-24) (aged 51) [1] (#cite_note-Glynn_obituary_62573-1) Kensington, London [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) Other names Prudence Hennessy Occupation(s) Fashion editor; author Notable credit Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Arts) (1974) [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) Spouse David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham (/wiki/David_Hennessy,_3rd_Baron_Windlesham) ( m. 1965) Prudence Loveday Glynn, Baroness Windlesham (22 January 1935 – 24 September 1986), was a British fashion journalist (/wiki/Fashion_journalist) and author, best known for her long-running role as the first fashion editor of The Times (/wiki/The_Times) . During her 15 years presiding over the fashion pages of one of the UK's leading national newspapers, she charted huge changes in the fashion scene as it moved from couture formality to young Swinging London (/wiki/Swinging_London) designers and the rise of high-street brands. She championed new designers and was an influential commentator about the way the industry operated, also holding a number of advisory roles outside journalism. [1] (#cite_note-Glynn_obituary_62573-1) Glynn – known as Lady Windlesham in private life – was a formidable character. Her obituary in The Times described her as a figure who was "feared and respected rather than loved". [1] (#cite_note-Glynn_obituary_62573-1) A response a few days later in The Times , from her former secretary and assistant Sandra Barwick presented a different perspective. Barwick described Glynn as unfailingly kind and generous and added: "She was profoundly bored by the pompous and splendidly contemptuous of received opinion – an unusual characteristic in a fashion editor." [3] (#cite_note-The_Times_Barwick_62580-3) Early life and career [ edit ] Prudence Loveday Glynn was the youngest of four children born to retired army (/wiki/British_Army) officer Lieutenant-Colonel Rupert Trevor Wallace Glynn and Evelyn Margaret Glynn (née Vernet). She grew up in Tetsworth (/wiki/Tetsworth) , Oxfordshire and was educated at The Downs School, Seaford, Sussex. Glynn left school and went straight into a job in advertising. Her first foray into the world of fashion was working for the eveningwear house of Frank Usher. From there, she moved into journalism, writing for women's magazines and then becoming fashion editor of Woman's Mirror . [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) This was part of a new crop of magazines featuring fashion targeting a younger audience. At Woman's Mirror , Glynn was one of the first to feature Twiggy (/wiki/Twiggy) ( Queen (/wiki/Queen_(magazine)) had turned the aspiring model down). Although Glynn considered Twiggy too small for regular fashion features, she did use her for head shots. [4] (#cite_note-The_Sixties_Marvick-4) In 1965, Glynn married the Conservative Party (/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)) politician and Anglo-Irish (/wiki/Anglo-Irish) peer (/wiki/Peerage) David Hennessy (/wiki/David_Hennessy,_3rd_Baron_Windlesham) (the 3rd Baron Windlesham), who later became managing director of the ATV (/wiki/Associated_Television) television broadcaster. [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) [5] (#cite_note-Independent_Childs-5) Appointment to The Times [ edit ] Glynn was recruited to The Times in 1966. Then editor William Haley (/wiki/William_Haley) was working to broaden the paper's image and had appointed Susanne Puddefoot (/wiki/Susanne_Puddefoot) to supervise a new daily women's page (/wiki/Women%27s_page) . Implicit in her brief was to make the paper more attractive to female readers, previously provided with occasional home cooking tips and Bond Street (/wiki/Bond_Street) fashion. [6] (#cite_note-The_Times_42520504-6) It was she who recruited Glynn as the paper's first fashion editor. The first page authored by Glynn appeared on 3 May 1966. [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) In 1967, new Times editor William Rees-Mogg (/wiki/William_Rees-Mogg) introduced journalist bylines (/wiki/Byline) and from that point Glynn became a known fashion name. [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) Writing style [ edit ] Glynn was witty, sometimes acerbic, and her critics felt she didn't treat the world of fashion as seriously as she should. It was reported that many people read her pages not because they were interested in clothes but because they enjoyed her commentary. However, her prose was widely respected – it was a standing joke on the paper that her sentences were even longer than those of Bernard Levin (/wiki/Bernard_Levin) . [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) She often brought humour into the fashion pages. Describing the fashion challenge created by the variable British summer weather in 1966, she recommended the new fashion for transparent plastic macs: "One solution to the problem of finding yourself dressed like a trawler skipper under a cloudless sky is to buy a waterproof coat that looks just like an ordinary coat, but the fabrics in which these are usually made make them much more suitable for winter than summer. The newest solution to the sun/rain transition is the crystal clear cover up...If you find their faintly ectoplasmic look a little eerie, they share the same quality of melting into the background too." [7] (#cite_note-The_Times_Glynn_56642-7) Glynn – who was herself married to a peer of the realm – sometimes poked fun at British tradition. Writing of the perils of dressing for the summer race and garden party season, she described the problem with investing in 'occasion outfits': "Look at the photographs taken at the Derby. The weather couldn't have been more unpromising, yet there were the British ladies staunchly parading the British Special Occasion Outfit (Subsection: Race Meetings) – Sling back shoes, wind-torn Bretons clapped onto untidy damp hair, nodding and smiling away under tons of artificial pansies and draped tulle...So now, as millions all over the country are feverishly stitching a million flower petals onto a thousand flowered hats, this is a last plea for self control." [8] (#cite_note-The_Times_Glynn_56648-8) Influence on British fashion [ edit ] Glynn was a vociferous supporter of homegrown fashion talent and promoted many of the new designers emerging in the 1960s. In particular, she supported Jean Muir (/wiki/Jean_Muir) and was a champion of Ossie Clark (/wiki/Ossie_Clark) ; she attended Clark's first fashion show in 1966, chose his silk trouser suit with Celia Birtwell (/wiki/Celia_Birtwell) print for the Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) award in 1968 and regarded him as one of the brightest talents the UK had ever produced. [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) Later, she would publicise new budget Swinging London brands, such as Stirling Cooper (/wiki/Stirling_Cooper) and predicted in Marrian-McDonnell (/wiki/Christopher_McDonnell) the rise of the 'edited' boutique brand, geared to the particular needs and tastes of a clearly identifiable target customer. [9] (#cite_note-The_Times_Glynn_57684-9) [10] (#cite_note-The_Times_Glynn_58134-10) In her articles, Glynn frequently reported on the state of the British fashion industry – sometimes criticising British officialdom for not recognising the value of its brands. Commenting on a British export drive to Tokyo in 1969, in which a variety of British industries were being showcased, she highlighted a lack of research into the Japanese market, adding: "talking to relevant officials in our consulates abroad confirms my gloomy view of too many of our export tactics". [11] (#cite_note-The_Times_Glynn_57666-11) Her commentary on the key issues facing designers and manufacturers helped to raise the profile of British fashion and led on to a variety of government initiatives. [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) She believed the future of British fashion's reputation lay in its emerging talent, urging the Clothing Export Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) – then largely funded by mainstream clothing and textile manufacturers – to remember what she described as "laboratory fashion". She added: "Having spent so much time trying to get designers together with manufacturers I have only just come back to the memory that postwar French haute couture dominance was founded on ideas not dominance. Nobody asked Givenchy to make 600 dozen of a style by March." [12] (#cite_note-The_Times_Glynn_59448-12) Her influence spread beyond the UK; she secured a rare interview with Cristóbal Balenciaga (/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Balenciaga) in 1968, the year he shut his couture house. [13] (#cite_note-The_Times_Balenciaga_58436-13) Other roles [ edit ] Although she was influential and respected as a fashion commentator, Glynn did not always see eye-to-eye with colleagues at The Times and she was moved from the role of fashion editor to weekly columnist. [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) In her first column, entitled 'Fourteen years, and positively no regrets', she opened by saying: "Confronted the other day by a heckle to the effect that I had 'wasted 14 years by only writing about hideous clothes costing ludicrous money for silly women to wear at silly occasions' I naturally took this as a great compliment". [14] (#cite_note-The_Times_Glynn_60751-14) In the year before her death, she began writing for The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . [15] (#cite_note-Glynn_101085-15) [16] (#cite_note-Guardian_Glynn_180785-16) Outside journalism, Glynn held a number of advisory roles. She was a member of the council of the Royal College of Art (/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art) (1966–1977) and the Design Council (/wiki/Design_Council) (1973–79). She joined the Council for National Academic Awards committee for art and design in 1972 and became a member of the Crafts Council (/wiki/Crafts_Council) (1977–1980). She was elected fellow of the RSA (/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Arts) in 1974. [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) From 1981, she was a trustee of the Museum of London (/wiki/Museum_of_London) . [1] (#cite_note-Glynn_obituary_62573-1) Books and TV [ edit ] Glynn published two books on fashion, Fashion: Dress in the Twentieth Century (1978) and Skin to Skin: Eroticism in Dress (1982). [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) During the 1970s, she appeared in a number of TV programmes about British fashion. [17] (#cite_note-BFI_Glynn-17) Later years [ edit ] Prudence Glynn had a series of health problems that affected her later career. She was legally separated from her husband at the time of her death, from a brain haemorrhage (/wiki/Brain_haemorrhage) , at St Charles Hospital, Kensington. She was 51. [1] (#cite_note-Glynn_obituary_62573-1) [2] (#cite_note-Oxford_DNB_Pimlott_Baker-2) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f "Prudence Glynn". The Times . No. 62573. 26 September 1986. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Pimlott Baker, Anne. "Glynn, Prudence Loveday". oxforddnb . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : Missing or empty |url= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url) ) ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Barwick_62580_3-0) Barwick, Sandra (4 October 1986). "Prudence Glynn". The Times . No. 62580. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Sixties_Marvick_4-0) Marwick, Arthur (2012). The Sixties: Cultural Revolution in Britain, France, Italy, and the United States (2nd ed.). London: Bloomsbury Reder. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781448205424 . Retrieved 25 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Independent_Childs_5-0) Childs, David (5 February 2011). "Lord Windlesham: Government Minister who fell out with Thatcher over 'Death on the Rock' (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lord-windlesham-government-minister-who-fell-out-with-thatcher-over-death-on-the-rock-2204985.html) " (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lord-windlesham-government-minister-who-fell-out-with-thatcher-over-death-on-the-rock-2204985.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 25 October 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_42520504_6-0) "Susanne Puddefoot – Pioneering editor of the women's page in the Sixties". The Times . No. 42520504. 11 September 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Glynn_56642_7-0) Glynn, Prudence (27 May 1966). "Is your cover solid". The Times . No. 56642. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Glynn_56648_8-0) Glynn, Prudence (3 June 1966). "Dressing down for the occasion". The Times . No. 56648. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Glynn_57684_9-0) Glynn, Prudence (7 October 1969). "Doing your own thing". The Times . No. 57684. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Glynn_58134_10-0) Glynn, Prudence (30 March 1971). "Brittania Crosses the Waves". The Times . No. 58134. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Glynn_57666_11-0) Glynn, Prudence (16 September 1969). "Land of the setting kimono". The Times . No. 57666. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Glynn_59448_12-0) Glynn, Prudence (15 July 1975). "Principles and Practice". The Times . No. 59448. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Balenciaga_58436_13-0) "Cristobal Balenciaga: most distinguished couturier of his time". The Times . No. 58436. 25 March 1972. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Times_Glynn_60751_14-0) Glynn, Prudence (16 October 1980). "Fourteen years, and positively no regrets". The Times . No. 60751. ^ (#cite_ref-Glynn_101085_15-0) Glynn, Prudence (10 October 1985). "The Switftness of the eye deceives the nose". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-Guardian_Glynn_180785_16-0) Glynn, Prudence (18 July 1985). "Tat and black rags and an abundance of knots". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-BFI_Glynn_17-0) "Prudence Glynn" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141026135240/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2bc6b47518) . bfi.org.uk . British Film Institute. Archived from the original (http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2bc6b47518) on 26 October 2014 . Retrieved 25 October 2014 . 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Find sources: "Project Runway season 19" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Project+Runway+season+19%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Project+Runway+season+19%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Project+Runway+season+19%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Project+Runway+season+19%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Project+Runway+season+19%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Project+Runway+season+19%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Season of television series Project Runway Season 19 No. of tasks 14 No. of contestants 16 Winner Shantall Lacayo (/wiki/Shantall_Lacayo) Release Original network Bravo (/wiki/Bravo_(U.S._TV_network)) Original release October 14, 2021 ( 2021-10-14 ) – February 3, 2022 ( 2022-02-03 ) Season chronology ← Previous Season 18 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_18)) Next → Season 20 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_20)) The nineteenth season of Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) began Thursday, October 14, 2021. [1] (#cite_note-Episode-1) Sixteen designers competed to become "the next great American designer." Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) editor-in-chief Nina Garcia (/wiki/Nina_Garcia) , fashion designer Brandon Maxwell (/wiki/Brandon_Maxwell) , and former Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) editor-in-chief and journalist Elaine Welteroth (/wiki/Elaine_Welteroth) returned as judges. Season 4 (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_4)) winner Christian Siriano (/wiki/Christian_Siriano) returned to mentor the designers and use the "Siriano Save" to bring an eliminated designer back into the competition if he disagrees with the judges' verdict. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Karlie Kloss did not return as host and head judge but appeared in the penultimate episode of the season as a guest judge. The winner of the season was Shantall Lacayo (/wiki/Shantall_Lacayo) from Miami (/wiki/Miami) , Florida (/wiki/Florida) . Lacayo marked the first time a contestant from an international spin-off participated and won in the original U.S. franchise, having previously competed and finished in third on the first season of Project Runway Latin America (/wiki/Project_Runway_Latin_America) . This season brought in four women to the finale, a first in the history of the show (except it isn't, as all-female finales existed in seasons 5 & 6) with Chasity Sereal, Coral Castillo, and Kristina Kharlashkina finishing as runners-up. Anna Yinan Zhou and Prajjé Oscar Jean-Baptiste competed later on Project Runway (season 20) (/wiki/Project_Runway_(season_20)) with Anna placing 8th and Prajjé placing 5th out of 14. Designers [ edit ] Contestant [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Age Hometown Finish Outcome [6] (#cite_note-Gold-6) Caycee Black 40 Brooklyn, New York (/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York) Episode 1 16 Meg Ferguson 35 Tulsa, Oklahoma (/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma) Episode 2 15 (quit) Kenneth Barlis 32 San Diego, California (/wiki/San_Diego,_California) Episode 3 14 Darren Apolonio 27 Manhattan, New York (/wiki/Manhattan,_New_York) Episode 4 13 Sabrina Spanta 29 Bloomfield Hills, Michigan (/wiki/Bloomfield_Hills,_Michigan) Episode 5 12 Katie Kortman 40 Yokosuka, Japan (/wiki/Yokosuka,_Japan) Episode 6 11 Octavio Aguilar 42 Miami, Florida (/wiki/Miami,_Florida) Episode 8 10-9 Zayden Skipper 32 Atlanta, Georgia (/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia) Prajjé Oscar Jean-Baptiste 37 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania) Episode 9 8 Anna Yinan Zhou 32 San Francisco, California (/wiki/San_Francisco,_California) Episode 10 7 Aaron Michael 39 Jackson, Mississippi (/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi) Episode 11 6 Bones Jones 30 Harlem, New York (/wiki/Harlem,_New_York) Episode 12 5 Chasity Sereal 31 Houston, Texas (/wiki/Houston,_Texas) Episode 14 4-2 Coral Castillo 40 Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) Kristina Kharlashkina 33 New York, New York Shantall Lacayo * 37 Miami, Florida 1 * Shantall Lacayo was a finalist on Project Runway Latin America (/wiki/Project_Runway_Latin_America) season 1. Designer progress [ edit ] Designer Episodes Eliminated Episode [6] (#cite_note-Gold-6) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 (#endnote_3) 11 3 (#endnote_3) 12 13 14 Shantall IN IN IN WIN HIGH IN SAFE IN WIN WIN IN WIN ADV WINNER 14 — Finale Chasity LOW IN WIN IN IN IN WIN HIGH LOW LOW WIN LOW ADV RUNNER-UP Coral IN IN IN IN IN HIGH HIGH LOW IN IN LOW HIGH ADV RUNNER-UP Kristina IN HIGH IN HIGH IN WIN LOW WIN HIGH LOW HIGH LOW ADV RUNNER-UP Bones WIN IN LOW IN HIGH LOW HIGH IN IN IN IN OUT 12 - Model as Muse Aaron IN HIGH IN IN HIGH IN HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH OUT 11 - Haute Hair Anna IN IN HIGH IN WIN IN LOW IN LOW OUT 10 - The Housewives Prajjé IN WIN IN HIGH LOW HIGH HIGH LOW OUT 9 - The Last Straw Octavio HIGH IN HIGH IN LOW HIGH LOW OUT 8 - Couch Couture Zayden IN HIGH LOW IN IN LOW HIGH OUT Katie IN LOW IN 2 (#endnote_2) LOW LOW OUT 6 - Fashion is Back, Baby! Sabrina LOW IN IN LOW OUT 5 - Go for the Gold… Sequin Darren HIGH LOW IN OUT 4 - Flower Power Kenneth IN LOW OUT 3 - If You Got It, Haunt It Meg IN WD 1 (#endnote_1) 2 - #STREETWEAR Caycee OUT 1 - A Colorful Return ^Note 1 (#ref_1) Due to mental health reasons, Meg withdrew from the competition, sparing Darren, Katie, and Kenneth from possible elimination. ^Note 2 (#ref_2) Although Katie was deemed safe, the judges let her know they loved her look. ^Note 3 (#ref_3) : Despite two designers being marked safe, every designer was given a critique. The designer won Project Runway Season 19. The designer advanced to the Finale. The designer won the challenge. The designer was in the top two. The designer had one of the highest scores but did not win. The designer had one of the lowest scores but was not eliminated. The designer was in the bottom two. The designer was eliminated from the competition. The designer lost, but was saved from elimination by Christian Siriano using the "Siriano Save". The designer withdrew from the competition. Model progress [ edit ] Model Episodes 1 2 1 (#endnote_1) 3 4 5 2 (#endnote_2) 6 7 8 9 10 3 (#endnote_3) 11 12 4 (#endnote_4) 13 14 DD KK KT BJ SL - OA CC, ZS CS CC - BJ - SL SL Jessica - SS PJ KT - AM - AM KT - CS - - CS Luz AZ SL AZ AM - PJ AM, BJ SL AM - - - KT CC Sarah PJ AM SL CC - KK - KT - - - - CS KT Mimi DA AZ DA AZ - AZ CS, PJ OA BJ - - - CC OUT Cassandra CC CS CC KK - BJ KT, SL BJ AZ - CC - OUT Yuen KT - OA DA - KT - AZ SL - AM - OUT SL Dariana MF - KT BJ - CS - ZS PJ - KT - OUT CS Roberta KB - CS ZS - CC - - - - SL - OUT Grace BJ BJ ZS SS - SL AZ, OA CC CS - OUT CS Rachel SL - KB PJ - ZS - PJ OUT Angelique ZS KK AM CS - OUT Ivana CB - SS OA - OUT Marsha OA - KK OUT SL Briana AM - OUT Rebecca CS - OUT Rute SS - OUT ^1 (#ref_1) Female, male, and non-binary models were used for this challenge. ^2 (#ref_2) Different male and female models were used for this challenge. ^3 (#ref_3) Women from the Real Housewives of Potomac, Orange County and New York City are the clients for this challenge. ^4 (#ref_4) Coco Rocha was the only model for this challenge. There was no runway but instead a photo shoot. Aaron Michael - AM Anna Yinan Zhou - AZ Bones Jones - BJ Caycee Black - CB Chasity Sereal - CS Coral Castillo - CC Darren Apolonio - DA Katie Kortman - KK Kenneth Barlis - KB Kristina Kharlashkina - KT Meg Ferguson - MF Octavio Aguilar - OA Prajjé Oscar Jean-Baptiste - PJ Sabrina Spanta - SS Shantall Lacayo - SL Zayden Skipper - ZS Episodes [ edit ] Episode 1: A Colorful Return [ edit ] Original airdate : October 14, 2021 [1] (#cite_note-Episode-1) The season premiere begins at the iconic Lincoln Center where Christian Siriano, Nina Garcia, Elaine Welteroth, and Brandon Maxwell welcome a talented group of new designers eager to show the world their skills and creativity. In a Project Runway first, the designers will be split into two teams living and working separately to create mini-collections celebrating color. The competition comes to a head on the day of the runway show when they reunite hoping their team is victorious while someone from the losing team will be going home. [7] (#cite_note-7) Teams Assigned Designers Warm Colors Aaron, Bones, Coral, Darren, Kenneth, Octavio, Prajjé, Shantall Cool Colors Anna, Caycee, Chasity, Katie, Kristina, Meg, Sabrina, Zayden Guest Judge: Jason Wu (/wiki/Jason_Wu) WINNER: Bones Jones ELIMINATED: [6] (#cite_note-Gold-6) Caycee Black Episode 2: #STREETWEAR [ edit ] Original airdate : October 21, 2021 [1] (#cite_note-Episode-1) In their first individual challenge, the designers take on streetwear – the most relevant and individualized style in fashion. Working with male, female, and nonbinary models, the competitors dig into their unique personal experiences and cultures to create breakout looks. Guest Judge: Wisdom Kaye (/wiki/Wisdom_Kaye) WINNER: Prajjé Oscar Jean-Baptiste WITHDREW: [6] (#cite_note-Gold-6) Meg Ferguson After a verbal altercation with Kenneth and Prajjé about switching models with Kenneth, Meg withdrew from the competition due to the stress of the competition on her mental health. Because Meg had already gone home this episode, the judges decided not to eliminate anyone. Episode 3: If You Got It, Haunt It [ edit ] Original airdate : October 28, 2021 [1] (#cite_note-Episode-1) It’s Halloween and Christian has a few tricks up his stylish sleeve. The designers are sent to sleep in a haunted mansion to find inspiration for their challenge. If they can survive the night, they’ll have two days to create a hauntingly chic masquerade gown. Guest Judge: Taraji P. Henson (/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson) WINNER: Chasity Sereal ELIMINATED: [6] (#cite_note-Gold-6) Kenneth Barlis Episode 4: Flower Power [ edit ] Original airdate : November 4, 2021 [1] (#cite_note-Episode-1) For their fourth challenge, the designers show up to discover their work room has been “flower flashed”! Inspired by the colorful blooms, the designers must create their own unique floral print from scratch and turn it into a high-end runway look. Guest Judge: Gigi Hadid (/wiki/Gigi_Hadid) WINNER: Shantall Lacayo ELIMINATED: [6] (#cite_note-Gold-6) Darren Appolonio Episode 5: Go For the Gold...Sequin [ edit ] Original airdate : November 11, 2021 [1] (#cite_note-Episode-1) Figure skating icons Tara Lipinski (/wiki/Tara_Lipinski) and Johnny Weir (/wiki/Johnny_Weir) steal the spotlight for this celebrity client challenge. This charismatic duo known for their savage takes and outlandish fashion have come to Project Runway for one reason – they need looks for the upcoming 2022 Winter Olympics (/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics) . The designers will compete in pairs and the winning looks will be worn by Tara and Johnny in front of a global audience live in primetime from the Olympics. Tara’s Look Johnny’s Look Anna Bones Shantall Aaron Chasity Zayden Kristina Coral Katie Octavio Prajjé Sabrina Guest Judges: Tara Lipinski (/wiki/Tara_Lipinski) and Johnny Weir (/wiki/Johnny_Weir) WINNER: Anna Yinan Zhou ELIMINATED: [6] (#cite_note-Gold-6) Sabrina Spanta Episode 6: Fashion is Back, Baby! [ edit ] Original airdate : November 18, 2021 [1] (#cite_note-Episode-1) For the first time ever, our designers will collaborate with some of New York City’s most talented accessory designers who – like our designers – are all working to revitalize the fashion industry. Purses! Shoes! Gloves! Jewelry! Oh my! Taking inspiration from one another’s work, each collaborating duo is challenged to create a coordinated one-of-a-kind look and new accessory. Guest Judge: Steven Kolb (/wiki/Steven_Kolb) WINNER: Kristina Kharlashkina ELIMINATED: [6] (#cite_note-Gold-6) Katie Kortman Episode 7: Are You Fur Real? [ edit ] Original airdate : December 2, 2021 [1] (#cite_note-Episode-1) It's the avant garde challenge! Working in pairs, the designers must create innovative avant garde looks highlighting one of the most trendy and complicated of materials, faux fur. Designer Teams Aaron and Bones Anna and Octavio Chasity and Prajjé Coral and Zayden Kristina and Shantall Guest Judge: Billy Porter (/wiki/Billy_Porter_(actor)) & Esteban Cortazar (/wiki/Esteban_Cortazar) (Sitting in for Brandon Maxwell) WINNER: Chasity Sereal SIRIANO SAVE: Shantall Lacayo Episode 8: Couch Couture [ edit ] Original airdate : December 9, 2021 [1] (#cite_note-Episode-1) The designers are challenged to solve one of fashion's eternal struggles, if comfortable can really be chic; there's nothing comfortable about designing for a one day challenge with a surprise visit from Geoffrey Mac and Cyndi Lauper. Guest Judge: Maria Cornejo (/wiki/Maria_Cornejo) WINNER: Kristina Kharlashkina ELIMINATED: [6] (#cite_note-Gold-6) Octavio Aguilar & Zayden Skipper Episode 9: The Last Straw [ edit ] Original airdate : December 16, 2021 [1] (#cite_note-Episode-1) The designers fall for an age-old prank when they’re invited out for cocktails by Christian Siriano only to discover that it’s actually challenge-time, not party-time. It’s time for the unconventional challenge where the designers will be asked to create an elegant cocktail dress from an actual cocktail bar. Guest Judge: Christopher John Rogers (/wiki/Christopher_John_Rogers) WINNER: Shantall Lacayo ELIMINATED: [6] (#cite_note-Gold-6) Prajjé Oscar Jean-Baptiste Episode 10: The Housewives [ edit ] Original airdate : January 6, 2022 [1] (#cite_note-Episode-1) Bravo's Real Housewives of Potomac, Orange County and New York City bring their signature attitudes to the catwalk for a client challenge like no other; emotions run high as each designer is paired with a Housewife to make them a reunion show look. [8] (#cite_note-8) Guest Judge: Andy Cohen (/wiki/Andy_Cohen) WINNER: Shantall Lacayo ELIMINATED: Anna Yinan Zhou Episode 11: Haute Hair [ edit ] Original airdate : January 13, 2022 [1] (#cite_note-Episode-1) It’s time for a twist… a hair twist, that is! In this one day challenge, the designers are each teamed with an up-and-coming hairstylist for a head-to-toe fashion collaboration. The pairs will work together to create an innovative design and hair look that complement each other that showcases their creativity to the judges. Guest Judge: Precious Lee (/wiki/Precious_Lee) WINNER: Chasity Sereal ELIMINATED: [9] (#cite_note-9) Aaron Michael Episode 12: The Model as Muse [ edit ] Original airdate : January 20, 2022 For the first time ever in Project Runway history, the designers will be creating looks for the same Supermodel in this one-of-a-kind challenge. They must create editorial looks specifically inspired by internationally renowned model, Coco Rocha. And shockingly, there’s no runway! The final five are tasked to show artistic range by delivering a perfect look and a perfect photograph to show it off. Guest Judge: Coco Rocha (/wiki/Coco_Rocha) WINNER: Shantall Lacayo ELIMINATED: Bones Jones Episode 13: The Sky is the Limit [ edit ] Original airdate : January 27, 2022 Four designers compete for only three spots in the Season 19 finale. For the last challenge, the designers will need to show the judges their brand and vision for the future of fashion in a single look. It’s no small task as these finalists put everything they’ve got into this runway show to convince Brandon, Elaine, Nina and guest judge Karlie Kloss that they deserve the opportunity to make a collection for New York Fashion Week. Guest Judge: Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) ADVANCED: Chasity Sereal, Coral Castillo, Kristina Kharlashkina, Shantall Lacayo Episode 14: Finale [ edit ] Original airdate : February 3, 2022 A winner for Season 19 is chosen at the iconic New York Fashion Week! Guest Judge: Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) WINNER OF PROJECT RUNWAY: Shantall Lacayo RUNNER-UPS: Kristina Kharlashkina, Chasity Sereal, Coral Castillo References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Episode Guide | Project Runway" (https://www.bravotv.com/project-runway/episode-guide) . Bravo TV Official Site . December 3, 2008 . Retrieved December 20, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Project Runway's Season 19 Includes a First for the Show with a Real Housewives Twist" (https://www.bravotv.com/the-daily-dish/project-runway-season-19-premiere-date-trailer) . Bravo TV Official Site . August 27, 2021 . Retrieved December 5, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Project Runway Season 19: Program, Cast, Judges - Flair Magazine" (https://theflairmag.com/project-runway-s19-tv-program-cast-judges/) . Retrieved December 5, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Cast" (https://www.bravotv.com/project-runway/about) . Bravo TV Official Site . December 3, 2008 . Retrieved January 18, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Project Runway Season 19 Designers" (https://tvline.com/gallery/project-runway-season-19-designers-full-cast-list-photos/) . TV Line . October 14, 2021 . Retrieved January 18, 2022 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j " (https://www.goldderby.com/gallery/project-runway-spoilers-season-19-eliminations/project-runway-kenneth-barlis/) 'Project Runway' season 19 spoilers: Who was eliminated, when, and why?" (https://www.goldderby.com/gallery/project-runway-spoilers-season-19-eliminations/project-runway-kenneth-barlis/) . Gold Derby . Retrieved January 18, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Project Runway Makes a Bold Return in Season 19: Was the Right Designer Cut First? And Do You Miss Karlie Kloss?" (https://tvline.com/2021/10/14/project-runway-season-19-episode-1-recap-caycee-eliminated/) . TV Line . October 15, 2021 . Retrieved January 18, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Project Runway Season 19, Episode 10 Recap: It's Getting Real" (https://www.elle.com/culture/movies-tv/a38684891/project-runway-season-19-episode-10-recap-the-real-housewives/) . Elle . January 7, 2022 . Retrieved January 18, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) " (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWUoIMG0QwM) "Plot Twist": This Top Contestant is Eliminated" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWUoIMG0QwM) . Youtube . Retrieved January 18, 2022 . 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Crown of Augustus III of Poland Silver regalia of King Augustus III of Poland (/wiki/Augustus_III_of_Poland) and Queen Maria Josepha (/wiki/Maria_Josepha) The crown of Augustus III was made in 1733 for Augustus III (/wiki/Augustus_III) 's coronation in Kraków (/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w) in 1734. History [ edit ] In 1925 Polish government purchased the silver (/wiki/Silver) regalia of King Augustus III and Queen Maria Josepha (/wiki/Maria_Josepha) in Vienna (/wiki/Vienna) for $35,000 (175 000 zł). It consisted of 2 crowns (/wiki/Crown_(headgear)) , 2 sceptres (/wiki/Sceptre) and 2 orbs (/wiki/Globus_cruciger) made in about 1733. The original crown regalia were hidden during the war of the Polish Succession (/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession) . [1] (#cite_note-lileyko_regalia-1) The jewels were exhibited in Warsaw (/wiki/Warsaw) till 1939 and in 1940 they were stolen by German forces. [1] (#cite_note-lileyko_regalia-1) Later they were found by the Soviet troops in Germany (/wiki/Germany) and sent to the USSR (/wiki/USSR) where they remained until 1960, when they were returned to Poland. [1] (#cite_note-lileyko_regalia-1) Today [ when? ] they are deposited in the National Museum in Warsaw (/wiki/National_Museum_in_Warsaw) . [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Jerzy Lileyko (1987). Regalia Polskie (Polish Regalia) (in Polish). pp. 106–107. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 83-03-02021-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Karol Estreicher (1945). The Mystery of the Polish Crown Jewels . Alliance Press Limited. p. 25. Further reading [ edit ] Jerzy Lileyko. Regalia Polskie . Warszawa 1987. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 83-03-02021-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-03-02021-8) (in Polish) Janusz Miniewicz. Tajemnica polskich koron. Czy jest szansa ich odnalezienia? . Nowy Sącz 2006. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 83-924034-2-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-924034-2-8) (in Polish) Michał Rożek. Polskie koronacje i korony . Kraków 1987. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 83-03-01914-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-03-01914-7) (in Polish) External links [ edit ] Media related to 1733 Polish Regalia (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1733_Polish_Regalia) at Wikimedia Commons (in Polish) The National Museum in Warsaw (https://web.archive.org/web/20070902042947/http://www.mnw.art.pl/index.php/zbiory/zbiory_studyjne/zbiory_sztuki_zdobniczej/) Silver regalia of King Augustus III and Queen Maria Josepha. v t e Crowns (/wiki/Crown) Albania Helmet of Skanderbeg (/wiki/Arms_of_Skanderbeg#The_helmet) (Vienna) Austria Archducal hat of Austria (/wiki/Archducal_hat) (Klosterneuburg) Imperial Crown of Austria (/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Austria) (Vienna) Brilliant Crown of Empress Elisabeth (/w/index.php?title=Brilliant_Crown_of_Empress_Elisabeth&action=edit&redlink=1) ( de (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brillantkrone_der_Kaiserin_Elisabeth_von_%C3%96sterreich) ) (missing) Archducal hat of Tyrol (/wiki/Archducal_hat_of_Tyrol) 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Austrian model Lydia Obute Born Lydia Nnenna Obute 1993 (age 30–31) Baden (/wiki/Baden_(Austria)) , Austria (/wiki/Austria) Modeling information Height 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Hair color Black (/wiki/Black_hair) Eye color Brown (/wiki/Brown) Agency Wiener Models Lydia Nnenna Obute is an Austrian model, best known for being the winner of the Cycle three (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel,_Cycle_3) of Austria's Next Topmodel (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel) . Early life [ edit ] Obute was born in Lower Austria (/wiki/Lower_Austria) to Nigerian (/wiki/Nigeria) parents. Prior to her participation on AtNTM, she had some experience as a model walking for fashion designer Thang De Hoo. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Austria's Next Topmodel [ edit ] Being chosen among 4,500 hopefuls to be among the top 36, Obute qualified for the show among the top 4 from the Vienna (/wiki/Vienna) auditions for the round of the final 14. She was involved in a controversy when fellow contestant Magalie Berghahn (/w/index.php?title=Magalie_Berghahn&action=edit&redlink=1) referred to her as "Neger Oide" (derogatory Austrian slang equivalent to "negro chick") in Episode 3 while having a phone conversation with her boyfriend that was taped and aired on television. Obute was confronted with that scene which was followed by a disqualification of Berghahn from the show. [3] (#cite_note-3) After being a favourite for the title, Obute won several castings during the show most namely a testimonial for Evian (/wiki/Evian) . On 28 February 2011 she won the competition over Katharina Theuermann, the youngest contestant on the competition. She won the cover of Woman as well as a testimonial for a Hervis Sports campaign and two runway jobs in Milan and Paris. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Afrikanet.info" (http://www.afrikanet.info/menu/news/datum/2011/02/28/austrias-next-topmodel-2011-wir-gratulieren-lydia-nnenna-obute/?type=98&cHash=2d65db3c6c) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Austria´s next Topmodel - Lydia" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110721000853/http://www.puls4.com/topmodel/modelDetail/name/Lydia) . Archived from the original (http://www.puls4.com/topmodel/modelDetail/name/Lydia) on 2011-07-21 . Retrieved 2011-06-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Lydia Obute ist "Austria's next Topmodel" (http://www.krone.at/Stars-Society/Lydia_Obute_ist_Austrias_next_Topmodel-Gewinnerin_gekuert-Story-248376) " (http://www.krone.at/Stars-Society/Lydia_Obute_ist_Austrias_next_Topmodel-Gewinnerin_gekuert-Story-248376) . 27 February 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Austria's next top model 2011: Lydia Nnenna OBUTE won the 2011 edition « M-MEDIA" (http://www.m-media.or.at/frauen/lydia-obute-next-austria-tomodel/2011/03/07/) . External links [ edit ] Portfolio on Wiener Models (http://www.wienermodels.com/4DCGI/overview/mode=1/l=1/overview.xml?id=5150) Profile on ModelManagement.com (http://www.modelmanagement.com/de/model/lydia-nnenna-obute/) Preceded by Aylin Kösetürk (/wiki/Aylin_K%C3%B6set%C3%BCrk) Austria's Next Topmodel (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel) winner Cycle 3 (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel,_Cycle_3) (2011) Succeeded by Antonia Hausmair (/wiki/Antonia_Hausmair) v t e Austria's Next Topmodel (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel) Seasons 1 (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_1) 2 (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_2) 3 (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_3) 4 (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_4) 5 (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_5) 6 (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_6) 7 (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_7) 8 (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_8) 9 (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel_season_9) Contestants Winners Larissa Marolt (/wiki/Larissa_Marolt) Aylin Kösetürk (/wiki/Aylin_K%C3%B6set%C3%BCrk) Lydia Obute Antonia Hausmair (/wiki/Antonia_Hausmair) Greta Uszkai (/wiki/Greta_Uszkai) Oliver Stummvoll (/wiki/Oliver_Stummvoll) Fabian Herzgsell (/wiki/Fabian_Herzgsell) Isak Omorodion (/wiki/Isak_Omorodion) Taibeh Ahmadi (/w/index.php?title=Taibeh_Ahmadi&action=edit&redlink=1) Other alumnae Miro Slavov (/wiki/Miro_Slavov) Mia Sabathy (/w/index.php?title=Mia_Sabathy&action=edit&redlink=1) Related articles Die Model WG (/wiki/Die_Model_WG_(Austria)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐rww2t Cached time: 20240713010901 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.756 seconds Real time usage: 0.969 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2945/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 24839/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2829/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 26118/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.565/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7902041/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 921.683 1 -total 34.15% 314.743 1 Template:Infobox_model 23.71% 218.576 1 Template:Reflist 20.90% 192.634 4 Template:Cite_web 16.78% 154.667 2 Template:Navbox 16.78% 154.615 1 Template:Austria's_Next_Topmodel 16.62% 153.225 1 Template:Short_description 8.84% 81.473 23 Template:Main_other 8.52% 78.532 1 Template:Infobox 7.88% 72.615 1 Template:Succession_box Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:32079810-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713010901 and revision id 1110961002. 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This category is for fashion (/wiki/Fashion) articles that have not been rated on the Wikipedia 1.0 Assessment Scale (/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Assessment) . See also Category:Fashion articles by importance (/wiki/Category:Fashion_articles_by_importance) . Administrators: Please do not delete this category as empty! This category may be empty occasionally or even most of the time. FA (/wiki/Category:FA-Class_fashion_articles) A (/wiki/Category:A-Class_fashion_articles) GA (/wiki/Category:GA-Class_fashion_articles) B (/wiki/Category:B-Class_fashion_articles) C (/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles) Start (/wiki/Category:Start-Class_fashion_articles) Stub (/wiki/Category:Stub-Class_fashion_articles) FL (/wiki/Category:FL-Class_fashion_articles) List (/wiki/Category:List-Class_fashion_articles) Category (/wiki/Category:Category-Class_fashion_articles) Disambig (/wiki/Category:Disambig-Class_fashion_articles) Draft (/wiki/Category:Draft-Class_fashion_articles) File (/wiki/Category:File-Class_fashion_articles) Portal (/wiki/Category:Portal-Class_fashion_articles) Project (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) Template (/wiki/Category:Template-Class_fashion_articles) NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) ??? 27 0 96 453 1,362 4,790 2,498 2 125 1,295 18 150 75 2 31 124 517 589 Contents Top (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles) 0–9 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=0) A (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=A) B (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=B) C (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=C) D (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=D) E (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=E) F (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=F) G (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=G) H (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=H) I (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=I) J (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=J) K (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=K) L (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=L) M (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=M) N (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=N) O (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=O) P (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=P) Q (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=Q) R (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=R) S (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=S) T (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=T) U (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=U) V (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=V) W (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=W) X (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=X) Y (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=Y) Z (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles&from=Z) This page has a backlog (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_assessment_backlog) that requires the attention of willing editors. 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American luxury men's fashion brand Robert Graham Designs Company type Public Industry Fashion Founded New York City, New York (/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York) , United States (2001 ( 2001 ) ) Founder Graham Fowler Robert Stock Headquarters New York City, New York , USA Area served North America Europe Key people Andrew Berg ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Products Clothing and Accessories Brands Robert Graham Limited Edition Modern Americana Owner Centric Brands (/w/index.php?title=Centric_Brands&action=edit&redlink=1) Website www (http://www.robertgraham.us) .robertgraham (http://www.robertgraham.us) .us (http://www.robertgraham.us) Robert Graham is a New York (/wiki/New_York_City) -based luxury (/wiki/Luxury_goods) men's fashion brand (/wiki/Fashion_brand) launched in 2001, taking its name from its co-founders, fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) Robert Stock and textile designer (/wiki/Textile_designer) Graham Fowler. It is known for its use of complicated and colorful fabric patterns (/wiki/Pattern_(sewing)) , including contrasting patterns inside the cuffs of its shirt sleeves. [1] (#cite_note-chicago-1) [2] (#cite_note-robb-2) History [ edit ] Robert Stock is a native of the Bronx (/wiki/Bronx,_New_York) whose interest in fashion was influenced by his father, a mechanic (/wiki/Car_mechanic) and gas station (/wiki/Gas_station) owner who liked to wear bright, colorful, patterned shirts. [3] (#cite_note-culturemap-3) [4] (#cite_note-beck-4) He began his career working for small New York-based menswear designer Paul Ressler, but in 1970 created his own line called Country Britches. [5] (#cite_note-wwd_2004-5) While still working at a local men's store in the Bronx, he met fellow New York designer Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) when Lauren entered the store as a tie salesman. [6] (#cite_note-2020here-6) The two became friends and Stock sold his own company to collaborate with Lauren on his Chaps (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) collection. [1] (#cite_note-chicago-1) [3] (#cite_note-culturemap-3) [7] (#cite_note-founder-7) The two parted ways in 1975 for Stock to launch his own Country Roads line, for which he won a Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) for Best American Sportswear Designer and a Cutty Sark Award for Leading American Men's Wear Designer. [5] (#cite_note-wwd_2004-5) [7] (#cite_note-founder-7) He then developed his Robert Stock Designs brand, growing internationally, until forming Robert Graham. [5] (#cite_note-wwd_2004-5) The idea that would become Robert Graham came after meeting Graham Fowler, a French textile designer. [3] (#cite_note-culturemap-3) The two launched the label in 2001. Fowler left the following year to pursue other projects while Stock remained to serve as co-chairman and Chief Creative Officer. [4] (#cite_note-beck-4) [7] (#cite_note-founder-7) As of 2019 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graham_(fashion_brand)&action=edit) Robert Graham has 21 retail stores and 12 outlet stores, and is sold by independent boutiques as well as large department store chains like Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) , Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) , Sak's Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Sak%27s_Fifth_Avenue) , and Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) . It has a flagship store (/wiki/Flagship_store) on Abbot Kinney Boulevard (/wiki/Abbot_Kinney_Boulevard) in Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Design [ edit ] Stock and Fowler intended to fill a menswear niche "that craved pops of color and interesting, conversation-provoking pieces," a style Stock would later call "American Eclectic." [7] (#cite_note-founder-7) [9] (#cite_note-stlouis-9) By offering sizes up to 4XL, the brand has been able to expand upon that niche to customers not typically served by luxury fashion labels. [10] (#cite_note-sanantonio-10) In addition to bright colors and patterns, Robert Graham shirts use contrasting patterns and embroidery on inward-facing surfaces such as inside shirt cuffs, under collars, and along the button line. [11] (#cite_note-dailynewsrecord-11) Printed or embroidered on every garment is the company motto "Knowledge Wisdom Truth." [4] (#cite_note-beck-4) The unusual, frequently hidden details have become as closely identified with the brand as the outward patterns. [12] (#cite_note-westport-12) Though it began with and continues to focus on menswear, and men's shirts in particular, the brand has branched out to pants (/wiki/Pants) , shorts (/wiki/Shorts) , sport coats (/wiki/Sport_coat) , outerwear (/wiki/Outerwear) , neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) , accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessories) , hats (/wiki/Hat) , shoes (/wiki/Shoes) , and denim (/wiki/Denim) . [10] (#cite_note-sanantonio-10) [13] (#cite_note-chinaweekly-13) In 2005 the company began production of womenswear (/wiki/Womenswear) as well, using the same kinds of color, contrast, and detail-heavy aesthetics. [5] (#cite_note-wwd_2004-5) [14] (#cite_note-wwd_womenswear-14) In addition to its main line, the company has offered a number of sub-labels with slightly different aesthetics: the more elaborate, higher-end Limited Edition and Zen lines; [2] (#cite_note-robb-2) [9] (#cite_note-stlouis-9) the more subtle, slim-cut X Collection; [10] (#cite_note-sanantonio-10) a more casual line named after the very first Robert Graham collection, Freshly Laundered Shirt Co.;; [15] (#cite_note-statesman-15) and more traditional patterns in the RG line. All of the fabrics used in Robert Graham shirts are designed in-house and, according to Stock, the embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) is done such that no two shirts are identical. [3] (#cite_note-culturemap-3) After discovering "collectors" among customers, the company began its Collector's Club promotion, rewarding those with more than 100 shirts by naming a shirt after them. [10] (#cite_note-sanantonio-10) As of 2014 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graham_(fashion_brand)&action=edit) , Robert Graham produces four menswear collections and one women's wear collection per year. [2] (#cite_note-robb-2) [16] (#cite_note-ecu_fragrances-16) In 2012 Stock designed a collection of Robert Graham sunglasses (/wiki/Sunglasses) and prescription eyeglass (/wiki/Eyeglass) frames for Revolution Eyewear [6] (#cite_note-2020here-6) [17] (#cite_note-2020revolution-17) [18] (#cite_note-2020sunglasses-18) and in 2014 the company licensed its name to Batallure Beauty to develop a line of fragrances (/wiki/Perfume) and personal care (/wiki/Personal_care) products. [12] (#cite_note-westport-12) [16] (#cite_note-ecu_fragrances-16) Popular culture [ edit ] Detail of Townsend Bell's #24 Robert Graham sponsored car at the Indianapolis 500 (/wiki/Indianapolis_500) American Idol (/wiki/American_Idol) judge Randy Jackson (/wiki/Randy_Jackson) frequently wears Robert Graham shirts on the show [19] (#cite_note-jackson-19) and the contrasting shirt cuffs have become closely identified with the character Cameron Tucker (/wiki/Characters_of_Modern_Family#Cameron_Tucker) from the television show Modern Family (/wiki/Modern_Family) . [20] (#cite_note-harleys-20) Race car driver (/wiki/Race_car_driver) Townsend Bell (/wiki/Townsend_Bell) was noted for wearing a Robert Graham polka dotted (/wiki/Polka_dot) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) at the 2013 Indianapolis 500 (/wiki/Indianapolis_500) . For the 2014 race (/wiki/2014_Indianapolis_500) , Bell brought the company on as a primary sponsor of his KV Racing Technology (/wiki/KV_Racing_Technology) Number 6 car. Both the exterior and, unusually, the interior of the car display characteristic colors, patterns, and logos. Bell's racing crew uniforms and firesuit were likewise custom designs. [21] (#cite_note-aponline_indy-21) [22] (#cite_note-indy500insights-22) [23] (#cite_note-nbcsnsown-23) [24] (#cite_note-paddocktalk-24) Robert Graham also sponsored Bell's subsequent Number 24 and Number 29 cars, which raced in the 2015 and 2016 Indianapolis 500s, respectively. [25] (#cite_note-25) According to Stock, the company has an interest in motorsports predating sponsorship of Bell, due to a noted overlap in customers and a suggestion by Bill Sweedler (/w/index.php?title=Bill_Sweedler&action=edit&redlink=1) , a race car driver and financial manager whose firm, Tengram Capital Partners, owns a majority interest in the company. [26] (#cite_note-forbes25may2016-26) companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Fashion Trends & Tips - Robert Stock Designer Profile" (http://www.stylechicago.com/Category.asp?ID=12264) . Style Chicago . June 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130914060409/http://stylechicago.com/Category.asp?ID=12264) from the original on 14 September 2013 . Retrieved 20 June 2014 . ^ a b c Kissel, William (4 October 2011). "Robert Graham's Shirt Story" (http://robbreport.com/Fashion/Robert-Grahams-Shirt-Story) . Robb Report . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150618224742/http://robbreport.com/Fashion/Robert-Grahams-Shirt-Story) from the original on 18 June 2015 . Retrieved 20 June 2014 . ^ a b c d Pugh, Clifford (6 July 2012). "Robert Graham founder unleashes every man's inner peacock with colorful clothing" (http://houston.culturemap.com/news/fashion/07-06-12-meet-the-man-who-transformed-mens-fashion-with-colorful-robert-graham-shirts/) . Culturemap Houston . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150322095548/http://houston.culturemap.com/news/fashion/07-06-12-meet-the-man-who-transformed-mens-fashion-with-colorful-robert-graham-shirts/) from the original on 22 March 2015 . Retrieved 20 June 2014 . ^ a b c "Robert Graham" (http://beckonmelrose.blogspot.com/2011/03/robert-graham.html) . Beck on Melrose . 31 March 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095240/http://beckonmelrose.blogspot.com/2011/03/robert-graham.html) from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ a b c d DeCarlo, Lauren (24 November 2004). "Robert Graham's Softer Side" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181116151728/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-125413375.html) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-125413375.html) on 16 November 2018 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ a b Benz, Breanna (September 2013). "Here Comes the Robert Graham Revolution" (http://www.2020mag.com/story/42725/) . 20/20 magazine . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130910070453/http://www.2020mag.com/story/42725/) from the original on 10 September 2013 . Retrieved 22 June 2014 . ^ a b c d "Robert Stock biography" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140621083343/http://www.robertgraham.us/founder/) . Robert Graham official website . Archived from the original (http://www.robertgraham.us/founder/) on 21 June 2014 . Retrieved 20 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Store Locator" (http://www.robertgraham.us/storelocator/) . Robertgraham.us . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161016055556/http://www.robertgraham.us/storelocator/) from the original on 16 October 2016 . Retrieved 14 October 2016 . ^ a b Bass, Debra (10 July 2007). "Check out these not-so-secret gems in upscale menswear" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040039/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-166248053.html) . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . HighBeam. Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-166248053.html) on 8 March 2016 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ a b c d Quinanilla, Michael (19 February 2014). "Wild style Robert Graham shirts become collectibles" (http://www.mysanantonio.com/lifestyle/trends-style/article/Wild-style-Robert-Graham-shirts-become-5248837.php) . My San Antonio . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140301220907/http://www.mysanantonio.com/lifestyle/trends-style/article/Wild-style-Robert-Graham-shirts-become-5248837.php) from the original on 1 March 2014 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-dailynewsrecord_11-0) Bailey, Ellen Askin; Gellers, Stan; Nygaard, Sandra; Palmieri, Jean E. (25 July 2005). "Retailers at the collective; the hunt for the next big thing; specialty stores seek alternatives for multicolored stripes in woven shirts, add soft blazers to mix" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040258/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-134629537.html) . Daily News Record . HighBeam. Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-134629537.html) on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ a b Johnson, Jill (January–February 2014). "The Robert Graham Effect: Fashion's contrarian has fun breaking fashion rules" (http://www.westportmag.com/w/January-February-2014/The-Robert-Graham-Effect/) . Westport Magazine . Moffly Publications. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150408210548/http://www.westportmag.com/w/January-February-2014/The-Robert-Graham-Effect/) from the original on 8 April 2015 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-chinaweekly_13-0) "Robert Graham Brings Their American Eclectic Style to the World of Denim" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160409122616/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-263525182.html) . China Weekly News . 2 August 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-263525182.html) on 9 April 2016 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-wwd_womenswear_14-0) Gillett, Caperton (25 May 2005). "Contrasting Styke; With Showy Linings as Its Signature, Robert Graham Launches at Americasmart" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181118222111/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-132780097.html) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-132780097.html) on 18 November 2018 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-statesman_15-0) Harper, Marques G. (11 August 2010). "Robert Graham has become a staple in the city's night life scene" (http://www.statesman.com/news/lifestyles/fashion-style/robert-graham-has-become-a-staple-in-the-citys-nig/nRwxj/) . Statesman . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150429105339/http://www.statesman.com/news/lifestyles/fashion-style/robert-graham-has-become-a-staple-in-the-citys-nig/nRwxj/) from the original on 29 April 2015 . Retrieved 22 June 2014 . ^ a b "Robert Graham Enters Licensing Pact with Batallure Beauty" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160415225053/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-361394614.html) . Entertainment Close-up . 14 March 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-361394614.html) on 15 April 2016 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2020revolution_17-0) "Revolution: Robert Graham RX" (http://www.2020mag.com/story/42736) . 2020 Magazine . September 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040203/http://www.2020mag.com/story/42736) from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 22 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-2020sunglasses_18-0) "Revolution: Robert Graham Sunglasses" (http://www.2020mag.com/whats-new/44220/) . 20/20 Magazine . October 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150126080703/http://www.2020mag.com/whats-new/44220) from the original on 26 January 2015 . Retrieved 22 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-jackson_19-0) Patteson, Jean (7 June 2006). "Fashion Q&A" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035805/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-146736342.html) . Orlando Sentinel . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-146736342.html) on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-harleys_20-0) Prince, Lilly (17 February 2014). "How Robert Graham Colorized Menswear" (http://harleys4men.com/blog/how-robert-graham-colorized-menswear/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150223144304/http://harleys4men.com/blog/how-robert-graham-colorized-menswear/) from the original on 23 February 2015 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-aponline_indy_21-0) "Robert Graham brings bold fashion to Indianapolis" (http://bigstory.ap.org/article/robert-graham-brings-bold-fashion-indianapolis) . Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . 9 May 2014. Archived (https://archive.today/20140622173100/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/robert-graham-brings-bold-fashion-indianapolis) from the original on 22 June 2014 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-indy500insights_22-0) DiZinno, Tony (19 May 2014). "Indy 500 Highlights: How Townsend Bell puts a deal together" (http://motorsportstalk.nbcsports.com/2014/05/19/indy-500-insights-how-townsend-bell-puts-a-deal-together/) . MotorSportsTalk . NBC Sports. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140624072351/http://motorsportstalk.nbcsports.com/2014/05/19/indy-500-insights-how-townsend-bell-puts-a-deal-together/) from the original on 24 June 2014 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-nbcsnsown_23-0) Estrada, Chris (14 April 2014). "NBCSN's own Townsend Bell joins KV Racing for Indy 500" (http://motorsportstalk.nbcsports.com/2014/04/14/nbcsns-own-townsend-bell-joins-kv-racing-for-indy-500/) . MotorSportsTalk . NBC Sports. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140620070527/http://motorsportstalk.nbcsports.com/2014/04/14/nbcsns-own-townsend-bell-joins-kv-racing-for-indy-500/) from the original on 20 June 2014 . Retrieved 22 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-paddocktalk_24-0) "KV Racing Technology Unveils Robert Graham Designed Livery for Townsend Bell Indy 500 Entry" (http://paddocktalk.com/news/html/story-250561.html) . PaddockTalk . 10 May 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111232/http://paddocktalk.com/news/html/story-250561.html) from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 21 June 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Clash, Jim (21 May 2015). "Townsend Bell's 'Robert Graham Special' Is Coolest Car At Indy 500. But Can It Win?" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimclash/2015/05/21/townsend-bells-robert-graham-special-is-coolest-car-at-indy-500-but-can-it-win/#7b482a1d65b1) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201108105041/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimclash/2015/05/21/townsend-bells-robert-graham-special-is-coolest-car-at-indy-500-but-can-it-win/#7b482a1d65b1) from the original on 8 November 2020 . Retrieved 4 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-forbes25may2016_26-0) Clash, Jim (25 May 2016). "Robert Graham Shirts: Where Indy 500 Speed And California Pizza Meet" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimclash/2016/05/25/robert-graham-shirts-where-indy-500-speed-and-california-pizza-meet/#4aa5f1825339) . Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210117203919/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimclash/2016/05/25/robert-graham-shirts-where-indy-500-speed-and-california-pizza-meet/#4aa5f1825339) from the original on 17 January 2021 . Retrieved 4 January 2022 . 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(Redirected from Russian Wedding Ring (/w/index.php?title=Russian_Wedding_Ring&redirect=no) ) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Russian_wedding_ring) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Russian_wedding_ring) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article includes a list of references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , related reading (/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading) , or external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links) , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. 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Submission declined on 5 June 2024 by DoubleGrazing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:DoubleGrazing) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:DoubleGrazing) ). This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) . In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: in-depth (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability#General_notability_guideline) (not just passing mentions about the subject) reliable secondary independent of the subject Make sure you add references that meet these criteria before resubmitting. Learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue. If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Saks+Potts%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Saks+Potts%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Saks+Potts%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Saks+Potts%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22Saks+Potts%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22Saks+Potts%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Saks+Potts%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22Saks+Potts%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:Saks_Potts) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:Saks_Potts&defaults=y) Declined by DoubleGrazing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:DoubleGrazing) 44 days ago. Last edited by DoubleGrazing (/wiki/User:DoubleGrazing) 44 days ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:EmilTorgeirsen&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D§ion=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Submission declined on 15 May 2024 by Greenman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Greenman) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Greenman) ). This submission appears to read more like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam#Advertisements_masquerading_as_articles) than an entry in an encyclopedia. Encyclopedia articles need to be written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) , and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) , not just to materials produced by the creator of the subject being discussed. This is important so that the article can meet Wikipedia's verifiability policy (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) and the notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) of the subject can be established. If you still feel that this subject is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, please rewrite your submission to comply with these policies. Declined by Greenman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Greenman) 2 months ago. Submission declined on 13 May 2024 by Theroadislong (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Theroadislong) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Theroadislong) ). This submission appears to read more like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam#Advertisements_masquerading_as_articles) than an entry in an encyclopedia. Encyclopedia articles need to be written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) , and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) , not just to materials produced by the creator of the subject being discussed. This is important so that the article can meet Wikipedia's verifiability policy (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) and the notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) of the subject can be established. If you still feel that this subject is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, please rewrite your submission to comply with these policies. This draft's references do not show that the subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are: in-depth (not just brief mentions about the subject or routine announcements) reliable secondary strictly independent of the subject Make sure you add references that meet all four of these criteria before resubmitting. Learn about mistakes to avoid (/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_sourcing_mistakes_(notability)) when addressing this issue. If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. Declined by Theroadislong (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Theroadislong) 2 months ago. Comment: The BT article is the strongest of the sources, and probably the only one that meets the WP:GNG (/wiki/Wikipedia:GNG) standard, but it alone isn't enough to establish notability. DoubleGrazing (/wiki/User:DoubleGrazing) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:DoubleGrazing) ) 11:21, 5 June 2024 (UTC) Comment: Please fix your COI declaration. You may also want to take note of WP:COI (/wiki/Wikipedia:COI) , which states "COI editing is strongly discouraged on Wikipedia. It undermines public confidence and risks causing public embarrassment to the individuals and companies being promoted. Editors with a COI are sometimes unaware of whether or how much it has influenced their editing. If COI editing causes disruption, an administrator may opt to place blocks on the involved accounts." Greenman (/wiki/User:Greenman) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Greenman) ) 18:27, 15 May 2024 (UTC) Copenhagen based clothing brand . Saks Potts Aps Industry Fashion Founded 2014 in Copenhagen, Denmark Founder Cathrine Saks & Barbara Potts Headquarters Bredgade 73. Copenhagen, Denmark Website https://www.sakspotts.com/ (https://www.sakspotts.com/) Saks Potts is a Scandinavian (/wiki/Scandinavia) fashion brand established in 2014 by Cathrine Saks and Barbara Potts. [1] (#cite_note-1) The brand draws inspiration from the Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) lifestyle and various global influences. Saks Potts was founded with the aim of creating distinctive and vibrant winter coats, leading to the release of the brand's first product, the Foxy Coat. Saks Potts emphasizes heritage craftsmanship and uses premium materials such as Harris Tweed (/wiki/Harris_tweed) wool, Thomas Mason cotton poplin (/wiki/Poplin) , and certified leathers. The brand collaborates with manufacturers to produce high-quality garments with a focus on ethical production practices. Saks Potts typically presents its collections during Copenhagen Fashion Week (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The brand has attracted a diverse customer base, including celebrities such as Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , and Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) . [3] (#cite_note-3) While predominantly producing womenswear, Saks Potts also offers unisex products. Saks Potts has received multiple Elle Style Awards (/wiki/Elle_Style_Awards) [4] (#cite_note-4) and has been featured on Forbes' 30 Under 30 (/wiki/Forbes_30_Under_30) list [5] (#cite_note-5) . In November 2023, the brand was awarded the Wessel & Vett Fashion Prize. [6] (#cite_note-6) Saks Potts' products are available through various global retailers, including Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) and Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) . The brand operates a physical store at Bredgade 73, Copenhagen, in the former apothecary associated with the Royal Danish Academy of Surgery (/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Surgery) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The J39 Portraits - Saks Potts - Fredericia Furniture" (https://www.fredericia.com/the-j39-portraits-saks-potts) . Fredericia . Retrieved 2024-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Nast, Condé. "Saks Potts News, Collections, Fashion Shows, Fashion Week Reviews, and More" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/designer/saks-potts) . Vogue . Retrieved 2024-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Bakalus, Silla (2021-08-15). "To danske barndomsveninder skabte modebrand – nu går Rihanna, Lady Gaga og Kardashians i deres tøj" (https://www.bt.dk/content/item/1523731) . www.bt.dk (in Danish) . Retrieved 2024-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Vinderinterview med Saks Potts" (https://www.elle.dk/mode/elle-style-awards/vinderinterview-med-saks-potts) . ELLE (in Danish). 2018-05-09 . Retrieved 2024-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Saks Potts" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/saks-potts/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2024-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Saks Potts scoops Denmark's biggest annual fashion award" (https://www.voguescandinavia.com/articles/saks-potts-winner-wessel-and-vett-award-danish-fashion-2023) . Vogue Scandinavia . 2023-10-25 . Retrieved 2024-06-05 . 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English author, critic, art historian, and museum curator James Laver James Laver (around 1950) Born ( 1899-03-14 ) 14 March 1899 Liverpool (/wiki/Liverpool) , England Died 3 June 1975 (1975-06-03) (aged 76) Blackheath, London (/wiki/Blackheath,_London) , England Spouse Veronica Turleigh (/wiki/Veronica_Turleigh) (m. 1928–1971; her death); 2 children James Laver , CBE (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) , FRSA (/wiki/FRSA) (14 March 1899 – 3 June 1975) was an English author, critic, art historian (/wiki/Art_historian) , and museum curator (/wiki/Museum_curator) who acted as Keeper of Prints, Drawings and Paintings for the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) between 1938 and 1959. He was also an important and pioneering fashion historian described as "the man in England who made the study of costume respectable". [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] James Laver was born in Liverpool (/wiki/Liverpool) , England, on 14 March 1899, the second child and only son of Arthur James Laver, a maritime (/wiki/Ocean) printer and stationer (/wiki/Stationer) , and his wife, Florence Mary (née Barker), strict Congregationalists (/wiki/Congregationalists) who brought up their children in a puritanical (/wiki/Puritanical) manner. [2] (#cite_note-times-2) [3] (#cite_note-moore-3) He attended the Liverpool Institute (/wiki/Liverpool_Institute) . His academic progress was put on hold by the First World War (/wiki/First_World_War) , in which he served as a second lieutenant (/wiki/Second_lieutenant) . In 1919 he resumed his residency at New College, Oxford (/wiki/New_College,_Oxford) , where he earned a BA (/wiki/BA_(Hons)) degree second class in modern history 1921. The next year, he earned a B.Litt (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Letters) in theology for a thesis on John Wesley (/wiki/John_Wesley) . His college fees and travel expenses were subsidised by a wealthy shipping magnate, Lawrence Holt (/wiki/Lawrence_Holt) . [ why? ] [3] (#cite_note-moore-3) At Oxford, he contributed to the student magazine Isis (/wiki/Isis_magazine) and won the 1921 Newdigate Prize (/wiki/Newdigate_Prize) for his poem on Cervantes (/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes) . [2] (#cite_note-times-2) Laver at the Victoria & Albert Museum [ edit ] In 1922, Laver entered the Department of Engraving (/wiki/Engraving) , Illustration (/wiki/Illustration) , Design and Painting at the Victoria & Albert Museum where he worked under Martin Hardie (/wiki/Martin_Hardie_(artist)) . He arrived shortly before the International Theatre Exhibition was transferred to the V&A from Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) and was shown as part of his department. It showcased work by all the leading European designers of the time, and the Museum purchased several designs and models, which became the basis of the Museum's Theatre Collection. Laver was put in charge of this collection. Stage design became one of his passions, possibly in reaction against his upbringing. [2] (#cite_note-times-2) In 1938 he succeeded Martin Hardie as Keeper of the department, a post he held until his retirement in 1958. Despite his significant contributions to object-centred dress history, he was never Keeper of Textiles for the Museum, or part of the Textiles section. [4] (#cite_note-taylor-4) Laver and fashion [ edit ] Laver had an interest in fashion history (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) , which emerged through a desire to date images accurately through the clothing depicted within. [5] (#cite_note-cumming-5) Laver defined the relationships between dress design and other applied arts (/wiki/Applied_arts) , and discussed the influence of economic and social factors upon the development of fashionable taste. [2] (#cite_note-times-2) In 1962, Laver received a Neiman Marcus Fashion Award (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award) in recognition of his work in the field of fashion history. In 1937 Laver, with Pearl Binder (/wiki/Pearl_Binder) , co-presented the first television programme to be dedicated to fashion history. [4] (#cite_note-taylor-4) Clothes-Line (/wiki/Clothes-Line) , a six-part series, was so successful that in 1938, Laver and Binder reunited to present a revised re-tread (in three parts) of the programme, this time called Clothes Through The Centuries (/wiki/Clothes-Line) . [4] (#cite_note-taylor-4) Laver followed the theories of Thorstein Veblen (/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen) and John Flügel (/wiki/John_Fl%C3%BCgel) , using them to develop his favourite theories. These were: Hierarchical Principle – dressing to indicate one's position in society Utility Principle – dressing for warmth and comfort Seduction Principle – dressing to attract the opposite sex. [5] (#cite_note-cumming-5) In the 1980s and 1990s, feminist fashion historians such as Elizabeth Wilson (/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Wilson_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1) and Amanda Vickery (/wiki/Amanda_Vickery) found these problematic, arguing that Laver and C. Willett Cunnington (/wiki/C._Willett_Cunnington) 's views trivialised women's behaviour, role within the family, and their contributions to society and culture. [4] (#cite_note-taylor-4) Laver's Law [ edit ] Laver's Law was an attempt to compress the complex cycle of fashion change and the general attitude towards any certain style or period into a simple timeline. It first appeared in Taste and Fashion (1937): [6] (#cite_note-taf-6) Indecent 10 years before its time Shameless 5 years before its time Outré (Daring) 1 year before its time Smart Current fashion Dowdy 1 year after its time Hideous 10 years after its time Ridiculous 20 years after its time Amusing 30 years after its time Quaint 50 years after its time Charming 70 years after its time Romantic 100 years after its time Beautiful 150 years after its time Non-curatorial career [ edit ] To supplement his pay whilst at the Victoria & Albert Museum, Laver dedicated his free time to writing magazine articles (/wiki/Article_(publishing)) , book reviews, play translations, dramatic criticism and light verse (/wiki/Light_verse) . One of the plays he translated was Klabund (/wiki/Klabund) 's The Circle of Chalk from the original German. [2] (#cite_note-times-2) His 1927 poem, A Stitch in Time , a pastiche (/wiki/Pastiche) of Alexander Pope (/wiki/Alexander_Pope) 's The Rape of the Lock (/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock) set in modern times, successfully captured public attention, and led to Laver's popularity as a fashionable party guest. [3] (#cite_note-moore-3) A sequel in 1929 followed, Love's Progress , the two poems being published together as Ladies' Mistakes in 1933. [2] (#cite_note-times-2) In 1932 he published a novel, Nymph Errant , about a girl returning to her finishing school (/wiki/Finishing_school) , who went astray along the way and ended up in a Turkish (/wiki/Ottoman_Empire) harem (/wiki/Harem) . [3] (#cite_note-moore-3) It was an instant best-seller and in 1933, Charles B. Cochran (/wiki/Charles_B._Cochran) turned it into a musical, Nymph Errant (/wiki/Nymph_Errant) , featuring songs by Cole Porter (/wiki/Cole_Porter) and Gertrude Lawrence (/wiki/Gertrude_Lawrence) as the leading lady (/wiki/Leading_lady) . [2] (#cite_note-times-2) [3] (#cite_note-moore-3) Laver felt as if he was leading a double life (/wiki/Double_life) . He once stated: "To my colleagues at South Kensington (/wiki/South_Kensington) I had become a cigar-smoking, Savoy (/wiki/Savoy_Hotel) -supping, enviable but slightly disreputable character, hobnobbing with chorus girls and hanging round stage doors. To Gertrude Lawrence and her friends I was something 'in a museum', engaged in mysterious and apparently useless activities quite outside their comprehension; a character out of The Old Curiosity Shop (/wiki/The_Old_Curiosity_Shop) , hardly fit to be let out alone." [2] (#cite_note-times-2) Laver continued to write fiction and work for the theatre and film on a less ambitious scale, but did not attempt becoming a full-time writer. His work on films included acting as historical advisor for The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders (/wiki/The_Amorous_Adventures_of_Moll_Flanders) (1965) and The Amateur Gentleman (/wiki/The_Amateur_Gentleman_(1936_film)) (1936), and he co-wrote the screenplay for Warning to Wantons (/wiki/Warning_to_Wantons) (1948). During the Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) , he determined to read all the books on occultism (/wiki/Occultism) in the London Library (/wiki/London_Library) . As a result, he became an expert in the field, writing a book on the prophet Nostradamus (/wiki/Nostradamus) . [2] (#cite_note-times-2) Between 1926 and 1938, James Laver was the Director of Art Classes at the Working Men's College (/wiki/Working_Men%27s_College) , Camden Town (/wiki/Camden_Town) . [7] (#cite_note-Harrison-7) He ran a course on English literature (/wiki/English_literature) and also re-organised the art class, introducing living models (/wiki/Model_(art)) . [3] (#cite_note-moore-3) Marriage and family [ edit ] Laver married the Irish actress Veronica Turleigh (/wiki/Veronica_Turleigh) (1903–1971), a Roman Catholic in 1928. The couple had two children, a son and a daughter. They first lived in a flat in Piccadilly, London (/wiki/Piccadilly,_London) , which proved convenient for their theatrical friends, and later moved to Chelsea (/wiki/Chelsea,_London) . [3] (#cite_note-moore-3) Death [ edit ] Laver died on 3 June 1975 following a fire at his home in Blackheath, London (/wiki/Blackheath,_London) . Select bibliography [ edit ] Poetry [ edit ] Cervantes (1921) The Young Man Dances and Other Poems (1925) A Stitch in Time (1927) Love's Progress (1929) Ladies' Mistakes (1933) "Macrocosmos" Published by William Heinemann, London (1929) Limited edition of 775 "Macrocosmos" Published by Alfred A. Knopf, New York (1930) Limited edition of 500 Fiction [ edit ] Nymph Errant (1933) Winter Wedding – A Decoration (1935) Background for Venus (1935) Panic Among Puritans (1936) Art history [ edit ] Portraits in Oil and Vinegar (1925) A History of British and American Etching (1928) Whistler (1930) "Vulgar Society": The Romantic Career of James Tissot (1936) French Painting and the Nineteenth Century (1937) Adventures in Monochrome (1941) English Sporting Prints ( Ward Lock Limited, London, 1970) Fashion [ edit ] Taste and Fashion; from the French Revolution until today (1937) Fashions and Fashion Plates (1943) Style in Costume (1949) Clothes (Pleasures of Life Series) (1953) Dandies (Pageant of History) (1968) Modesty in Dress (1969) A Concise History of Costume (' The World of Art Library (/wiki/World_of_Art) ' series) (1968), revised and retitled Costume and Fashion: A Concise History (1995, 2003) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-500-20348-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-20348-4) Autobiography [ edit ] Museum Piece; or, The Education of an Iconographer (1964) Other [ edit ] Design in the Theatre (with George Sheringham (/wiki/George_Sheringham) ) (1927) Nostradamus, or the Future Foretold (1942) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0704102021 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0704102021) The First Decadent: Being the Strange Life of J. K. Huysmans (/wiki/Joris-Karl_Huysmans) (1954) Oscar Wilde (1968) "Victorian Vista" (1954) "Edwardian Promenade" (1958) (pub Edward Hulton, London) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Gibbs-Smith, Charles, Obituary in Costume (Journal of The Costume Society (/wiki/The_Costume_Society) ) no 10 (1976) [ ISBN missing ] ^ a b c d e f g h i "Obituary in (https://web.archive.org/web/20090525071017/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/features/history/staff_obituaries/prints_drawings/laver/index.html) The Times , 4 June 1975 (reproduced on the V&A website)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090525071017/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/features/history/staff_obituaries/prints_drawings/laver/index.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/features/history/staff_obituaries/prints_drawings/laver/index.html) on 25 May 2009 . Retrieved 18 March 2009 . ^ a b c d e f g Profile of James Laver by Doris Langley Moore, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2007 (http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31337) ; accessed 10 February 2009. ^ a b c d Taylor, Lou, Establishing Dress History , (Manchester, 2004) ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7190-6639-5 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-6639-5) ^ a b Cumming, Valerie, Understanding Fashion History (London, 2004); ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7134-8875-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-8875-1) ^ (#cite_ref-taf_6-0) Laver, James, Taste and Fashion , chapter 18, (London, 1937) ^ (#cite_ref-Harrison_7-0) J. F. C. Harrison (/wiki/J._F._C._Harrison) A History of the Working Men's College (1854–1954) p.166, Routledge Kegan Paul, 1954; ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-415-43221-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-43221-9) External links [ edit ] "Men About Town" (http://www.britishpathe.com/video/mens-fashions-in-technicolor) – James Laver in a short British Pathé (/wiki/British_Path%C3%A9) film of men's fashions in 1952 James Laver Collection (https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadID=00922) at the Harry Ransom Center (/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1434730/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000121302997) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/44312869) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhmKKJRfDT373mQbB9qwC) National Spain (http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1044545) France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12027538m) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12027538m) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1043003355) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007272047905171) Belgium (https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14807546) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50039873) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20050802011&CON_LNG=ENG) Korea (https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201752660) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067822940) Poland (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810621018505606) Portugal (http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/328478) People Trove (https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/900819) Other SNAC (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6w68h40) IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/028440730) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐vjgq6 Cached time: 20240722165810 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.423 seconds Real time usage: 0.562 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2680/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 24351/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2744/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 23/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28198/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.270/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5345176/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 506.861 1 -total 23.56% 119.433 1 Template:Authority_control 22.06% 111.819 1 Template:Infobox_writer 21.13% 107.078 1 Template:Infobox 14.22% 72.092 1 Template:Short_description 13.16% 66.728 5 Template:ISBN 11.63% 58.965 3 Template:Br_separated_entries 11.16% 56.558 1 Template:Cite_web 9.91% 50.255 5 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 8.39% 42.533 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:21501309-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722165810 and revision id 1228896919. 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For the landmark 1975 court case concerning self-representation (/wiki/Pro_se_legal_representation_in_the_United_States) , see Faretta v. California (/wiki/Faretta_v._California) . Croatian fashion model Faretta Born Radić 11 March 1998 [ citation needed ] Split (/wiki/Split,_Croatia) , Croatia (/wiki/Croatia) Nationality Croatian (/wiki/Croat) Modeling information Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Hair color Brown Eye color Green Agency colors model management The Society Management (/wiki/The_Society_Management) (New York) Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (worldwide) MP Management (/wiki/MP_Management) (Stockholm) [1] (#cite_note-1) Faretta Radic is a Croatian-Swedish fashion model. [1] (https://www.tiktok.com/@lafaretta?_t=8l92x6ccNEm&_r=1) She was scouted in her home town in Croatia, when she was 17 years old, later that when she finished the Medical high school she started working as a professional model. Career [ edit ] Faretta (who works mononymously (/wiki/Mononymous_person) ) debuted as a Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) exclusive in 2016, [2] (#cite_note-2) in addition to opening for Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) , Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) , Mugler (/wiki/Mugler) , and closing Chloé (/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9) ; she also walked for designers including Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) , Céline (/wiki/C%C3%A9line) , Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Alberta Ferretti (/wiki/Alberta_Ferretti) , Isabel Marant (/wiki/Isabel_Marant) , Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) , Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) , Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) , Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) , and Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) W magazine chose her as one of the 15 breakout models of the spring 2017 fashion week, [5] (#cite_note-5) while Vogue stated, "It's rare for a model to have the total package of a powerful walk, commanding presence, and next-level beauty, but somehow Faretta managed it." [6] (#cite_note-6) Faretta has been the face of Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) , [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-BoF-8) and brands like Blumarine (/wiki/Blumarine) , [9] (#cite_note-9) Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo) , Valentino, Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) , Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(company)) , and Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) . [10] (#cite_note-10) She has appeared on the cover of Vogue Russia , Vogue Japan (/wiki/Vogue_Japan) , British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) , [11] (#cite_note-11) Vogue Spain , and Vogue Germany . [8] (#cite_note-BoF-8) She has also appeared in W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) , Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Vogue Paris (/wiki/Vogue_Paris) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , and V (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) Videography [ edit ] Year Title Artist Role 2017 Versace on the Floor (/wiki/Versace_on_the_Floor) (Versace edition) [16] (#cite_note-16) Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) Herself References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Faretta- Model" (https://models.com/models/adesuwa-aighewi) . models.com. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The 5 New Girls Who Stole the Men's Shows" (https://www.vogue.com/article/new-girls-at-the-mens-collections) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Faretta Is Modeling's Newest One-Name Wonder" (https://www.vogue.com/article/models-faretta-runway-spring-2017) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Spring 2017 was Faretta's first full ready-to-wear season, and she came on like gangbusters, opening three shows (Victoria Beckham, Roberto Cavalli, and Mugler) and closing one (Chloé). She wore key looks like Saint Laurent's bustier top and Céline's Yves Klein–inspired dress. What made Faretta right for each of the distinct brands that cast her? There's nothing saccharine about her; rather, she communicates an innate strength combined with an air of fresh-scrubbed healthiness. It's a winning combo. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Moss, Hillary. "New Models to Watch This Season" (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/08/t-magazine/new-models-fashion-week-ulrikke-hoyer-najiyah-faretta.html) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . In the last half-year, Faretta officially debuted at Givenchy's fall/winter 2016 show (and walked for the house's spring/summer 2017 men's wear show), and had a solid couture week, walking for Atelier Versace, Christian Dior, Chanel, Valentino and Fendi. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Meet the 15 Must-Know Models of the New Season" (https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/meet-the-15-must-know-models-of-the-new-season/all) . W . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The 16 Models Who Ruled the Spring 2017 Runways" (https://www.vogue.com/article/top-new-models-spring-2017) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "TROGIR GIRL FARETTA TO BECOME THE NEW RALPH LAUREN MODEL" (https://www.croatia-times.com/the-adriatic-times/trogir-girl-faretta-become-new-ralph-lauren-model/) . Croatia-Times (/w/index.php?title=Croatia-Times&action=edit&redlink=1) . ^ Jump up to: a b "Faretta BoF 500 The People Shaping the Fashion Industry" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/faretta) . Business of Fashion (/wiki/Business_of_Fashion) . The Croatian model was scouted in 2016 and has risen rapidly due to her classical looks, scoring numerous covers and editorials for international Vogue editions and becoming the face of Ralph Lauren. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Faretta fronts the new Blumarine campaign" (https://news.yahoo.com/faretta-fronts-blumarine-campaign-104430137.html) . Yahoo (/wiki/Yahoo) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Miu Miu's girl gang explore Rome by night" (https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/33569/1/miu-mius-girl-gang-explore-rome-by-night) . Dazed (/wiki/Dazed) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Enninful, Edward (/wiki/Edward_Enninful) . "9 Trailblazing Models Cover May Vogue" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/may-cover-vogue-2018) . British Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Lara Stone, Saskia de Brauw, and Faretta Are Ready for Fall" (https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/lara-stone-saskia-de-brauw-faretta-fall-fashion/all) . W . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Faretta Is 'Picture Perfect' In Tom Munro Images For Vogue Italia May 2019" (https://www.anneofcarversville.com/style-photos/2019/6/1/faretta-tom-munro-vogue-italia) . Anne of Carversville . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Faretta Radic Editorials" (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/faretta_radic/editorials/) . Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "V PRESENTS: BUFFALO STANCE" (https://vmagazine.com/article/v-presents-buffalo-stance/) . V . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Donatella Versace and Models Lip Sync Bruno Mars in Loving Tribute" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/donatella-versace-bruno-mars-lip-sync) . W . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gowns (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gowns) . The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Gown (/wiki/Gown) . Long, lightweight, loose, undivided garments which cannot be fully opened at the front. Includes both indoor and outdoor garments. For equivalent garments which can be opened at the front, see Robes and cloaks (/wiki/Category:Robes_and_cloaks) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐jkjrr Cached time: 20240720173555 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.061 seconds Real time usage: 0.095 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 151/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2781/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 226/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.035/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1225823/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 85.650 1 -total 78.50% 67.236 1 Template:Commonscat 74.92% 64.168 1 Template:Sister_project 73.22% 62.712 1 Template:Side_box 36.12% 30.935 2 Template:If_then_show 21.38% 18.310 1 Template:Cat_main Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:9894646-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720173555 and revision id 946605113. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. A Academic dress (/wiki/Category:Academic_dress) (1 C, 37 P) C Corsetry (/wiki/Category:Corsetry) (41 P, 2 F) H Haute couture (/wiki/Category:Haute_couture) (7 C, 64 P) W Wedding dresses (/wiki/Category:Wedding_dresses) (2 C, 27 P) Pages in category "Gowns" The following 35 pages are in this category, out of 35 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Gown (/wiki/Gown) A Academic dress in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Academic_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom) Alb (/wiki/Alb) B Babydoll (/wiki/Babydoll) Ball gown (/wiki/Ball_gown) Bouffant gown (/wiki/Bouffant_gown) Burqa (/wiki/Burqa) C Chasuble (/wiki/Chasuble) Choir dress (/wiki/Choir_dress) Cleanroom suit (/wiki/Cleanroom_suit) Close-bodied gown (/wiki/Close-bodied_gown) D Debutante dress (/wiki/Debutante_dress) E Evening gown (/wiki/Evening_gown) H Herigaut (/wiki/Herigaut) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Houppelande (/wiki/Houppelande) J Journade (/wiki/Journade) K Kappōgi (/wiki/Kapp%C5%8Dgi) Kirtle (/wiki/Kirtle) M Mantua (clothing) (/wiki/Mantua_(clothing)) Medical gown (/wiki/Medical_gown) N Negligee (/wiki/Negligee) Nightgown (/wiki/Nightgown) P Patient gown (/wiki/Patient_gown) Peignoir (/wiki/Peignoir) Q Quadrille dress (/wiki/Quadrille_dress) R Robe de cour (/wiki/Robe_de_cour) Rochet (/wiki/Rochet) S Sack-back gown (/wiki/Sack-back_gown) Sleeved blanket (/wiki/Sleeved_blanket) Smock-frock (/wiki/Smock-frock) Surplice (/wiki/Surplice) T Thawb (/wiki/Thawb) Train (clothing) (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) W Wedding dress (/wiki/Wedding_dress) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Gowns&oldid=946605113 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Gowns&oldid=946605113) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by type (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_type) Dresses (/wiki/Category:Dresses) Formal wear (/wiki/Category:Formal_wear) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) Semi-formal wear (/wiki/Category:Semi-formal_wear) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
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Czech women who worked as fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Czech Republic portal (/wiki/Portal:Czech_Republic) This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:Czech fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Czech_fashion_designers) . It includes Czech fashion designers that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐k568r Cached time: 20240721210749 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.066 seconds Real time usage: 0.111 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 137/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4009/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 297/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.038/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933506/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 98.396 1 -total 49.98% 49.182 1 Template:Non-diffusing 43.05% 42.359 1 Template:Cmbox 38.02% 37.413 1 Template:Portal 11.83% 11.641 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 8.49% 8.353 2 Template:Category_other 6.58% 6.475 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 3.70% 3.637 1 Template:Single_namespace 1.71% 1.684 1 Template:Template_other 1.66% 1.630 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72300145-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721210749 and revision id 1177797487. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Czech women fashion designers" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Lola Beer Ebner (/wiki/Lola_Beer_Ebner) G Sidonie Grünwald-Zerkowitz (/wiki/Sidonie_Gr%C3%BCnwald-Zerkowitz) Y Betty Yokova (/wiki/Betty_Yokova) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Czech_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177797487 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Czech_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177797487) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Czech fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Czech_fashion_designers) Czech women artists (/wiki/Category:Czech_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden categories: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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Indian costume designer Sandhya Raman Born ( 1967-07-13 ) 13 July 1967 (age 56) New Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi) , India (/wiki/India) Nationality Indian Education National Institute of Design (/wiki/National_Institute_of_Design) Occupation Costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) Sandhya Raman is an Indian costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) and curator (/wiki/Curator) whose focus is on socially responsible designs. [1] (#cite_note-three-1) [2] (#cite_note-one-2) Raman is the founder of Desmania Foundation. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-two-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Sandhya Raman designs costumes for dancers practicing contemporary as well as traditional dance forms. [7] (#cite_note-nine-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-five-9) Education and career [ edit ] Raman is an alumnus of the National Institute of Design (/wiki/National_Institute_of_Design) , ( Ahmedabad (/wiki/Ahmedabad) ) with a specialization in Apparel and Textile Design. [1] (#cite_note-three-1) [10] (#cite_note-four-10) [11] (#cite_note-ten-11) Exhibitions [ edit ] Enigmatic East - From Ziro to Infinity at The India Habitat Centre, Delhi on 29 January 2019. [12] (#cite_note-eleven-12) [4] (#cite_note-two-4) Enchanted Tree - an interactive exhibition celebrating the diverse textiles of India at Kamaldevi Complex, March 2017 [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) When the Pleats Dance - evolution of four decades of dance costumes at The Art Gallery of India International Centre [2] (#cite_note-one-2) [10] (#cite_note-four-10) [15] (#cite_note-eight-15) (Un)masked - October 2017 (raised funds for International Medical Health Organization). [16] (#cite_note-six-16) Productions [ edit ] Goddess Central a dance drama which addressed the issue of female foeticide (/wiki/Foeticide) . [17] (#cite_note-17) Moonbeam (1991) choreographed by Jonathan Hollander (/wiki/Jonathan_Hollander) Battery Dance Co. USA. enacted by Mallika Sarabhai (/wiki/Mallika_Sarabhai) . [18] (#cite_note-seven-18) [10] (#cite_note-four-10) Songs of Tagore , choreographed by Jonathan Hollander (/wiki/Jonathan_Hollander) . [18] (#cite_note-seven-18) [9] (#cite_note-five-9) Beauty and Beast : Bharathakala Natya Academy . [19] (#cite_note-fourteen-19) Padme: Anita Ratnam . [20] (#cite_note-fifteen-20) Interrupted Aditi Mangaldas and Drishtikon Dance Company . [21] (#cite_note-sixteen-21) Pralaya by Sampradaya Canada Lata pada . [22] (#cite_note-seventeen-22) The incomplete Gesture : Natya Dance Theatre Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) . [23] (#cite_note-eighteen-23) Anekanta : Geeta Chandran (/wiki/Geeta_Chandran) and Natya Vriksha Dance company . [24] (#cite_note-nineteen-24) Awards [ edit ] (Stree) Nari Shakti Puraskar (/wiki/Nari_Shakti_Puraskar) from Govt. of India 2008 and the Creative Excellence Award from UNFPA (/wiki/UNFPA) 2008. [25] (#cite_note-25) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Stories crafted in clothes" (https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/stories-crafted-in-clothes-763680) . The Tribune . 28 April 2019. ^ a b "Dancing pleats" (https://www.thestatesman.com/supplements/dancing-pleats-69993.html) . The Statesman . 18 June 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Designing the Classic Language of Costumes" (https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2015/jun/17/designing-the-classic-language-of-costumes-770397.html) . The New Indian Express . Retrieved 26 November 2020 . ^ a b "Focussing on Arunachal's weaves" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190123051649/http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2019/jan/20/focussing-on-arunachals-weaves-1927591.html) . The New Indian Express . The Sunday Standard. 20 January 2019. Archived from the original (https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2019/jan/20/focussing-on-arunachals-weaves-1927591.html) on 23 January 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Stories crafted in clothes" (https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/stories-crafted-in-clothes-763680) . Tribuneindia News Service . Retrieved 26 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Tankha, Madhur (29 January 2019). "Sandhya Raman: Lending a helping hand" (https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/fashion/sandhya-raman-lending-a-helping-hand/article26120138.ece) . The Hindu . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 26 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-nine_7-0) "Costumes that go into Indian dances" (https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/costumes-that-go-into-indian-dances-115061400217_1.html) . Business Standard . 14 June 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "when silk strikes an enigmatic pose" (https://www.deccanherald.com/content/483912/when-silk-strikes-enigmatic-pose.html) . Deccan Herald . 11 June 2015. ^ a b Rajan, Anjana (10 June 2015). "Designs for stage" (https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/designing-costumes-for-indian-classical-dancers/article7302252.ece) . The Hindu . ^ a b c "Clothing the Form" (https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/clothing-the-form/) . The Indian Express . 15 June 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-ten_11-0) "Sway in sync" (https://www.dailypioneer.com/2015/vivacity/sway-in-sync.html) . The Pioneer . 18 June 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-eleven_12-0) "Weaving Arunachal's Textile Lagacy" (https://thevoiceoffashion.com/fabric-of-india/inside-northeast/weaving-arunachals-textile-legacy-2118/) . The Voive of Fashion (29 January 2019). ^ (#cite_ref-13) Lowen, Sharon (21 March 2017). "A million Sitas in the forest" (https://www.asianage.com/life/art/210317/a-million-sitas-in-the-forest.html) . The Asian Age . Retrieved 26 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "IIC| India International Centre - Home" (http://iicdelhi.nic.in/User_Panel/ProgramDetails.aspx?Value=MnMbKpZavpRArkIjN6zH56TgUr7QmoPz/EVnOdy+5/XKRIA+TqoUYApoI1dgCBQoKJBZ73ACWI4=) . iicdelhi.nic.in . Retrieved 26 November 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-eight_15-0) "when silk strikes an enigmatic pose" (https://www.deccanherald.com/content/483912/when-silk-strikes-enigmatic-pose.html) . Deccan Herald . 11 June 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-six_16-0) "(Un)Masked: Colorfully layered Third Eye Dancers presentation raises funds for IMHO" (https://www.nripulse.com/unmasked-colorfully-layered-third-eye-dancers-presentation-raises-funds-for-imho/) . 8 December 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Dance drama : Goddess central" (https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/c1TNcjC1AjlTIcwzO0eFwO/Dance-drama-Goddess-central.html) . livemint. 15 September 2007. ^ a b "artists have stay ahead curve ; at the same time, not lose human aspect" (https://www.sakaltimes.com/art-culture/%E2%80%98artists-have-stay-ahead-curve-same-time-not-lose-human-aspect%E2%80%99-11701) . Sakal Times . 12 January 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-fourteen_19-0) "Beauty, the Beast and Bharatanatyam" (https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/beauty-the-beast-and-bharatanatyam/article7846990.ece) . The Hindu . 5 November 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-fifteen_20-0) "Inspired by the lotus, dancers come together" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/inspired-by-the-lotus-dancers-come-together/article7377334.ece) . The hindu . 2 July 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-sixteen_21-0) " (http://www.aditimangaldasdance.com/dance-drishtikon.php) "1... Breath" – Kathak" (http://www.aditimangaldasdance.com/dance-drishtikon.php) . aditimangaldasdance.com . ^ (#cite_ref-seventeen_22-0) Maqsood, Zofeen (11 December 2019). "BWW Previews: Rasaja Foundation Presents Pralaya – A Collaboration In Bharatanatyam And Baliness Dance" (https://www.broadwayworld.com/india/article/BWW-Previews-RASAJA-FOUNDATION-PRESENTS-PRALAYA-A-Collaboration-In-Bharatanatyam-And-Baliness-Dance-20191211) . Broadway World . ^ (#cite_ref-eighteen_23-0) Molzahn, Laura (2 October 2016). "Indian and Indonesian dance don't mix, except in 'Incomplete Gesture' (https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/ct-natya-gesture-dance-review-ent-1003-20161002-story.html) " (https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/ct-natya-gesture-dance-review-ent-1003-20161002-story.html) . Chicago Tribune . ^ (#cite_ref-nineteen_24-0) Kothari, Sunil (11 November 2016). "The enigma of subjectivity" (https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/The-enigma-of-subjectivity/article16442877.ece) . The Hindu . Retrieved 6 July 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Veena (8 December 2017). "(Un)Masked: Colorfully layered Third Eye Dancers presentation raises funds for IMHO" (https://www.nripulse.com/unmasked-colorfully-layered-third-eye-dancers-presentation-raises-funds-for-imho/) . NRI Pulse . Retrieved 26 November 2020 . This article about an artist from India is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Traditional Chinese trousers Ku A ku worn by a small boy, likely worn by a member of the imperial family or nobility, Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) Chinese name Traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) 褲 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A4%B2) Simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) 裤 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%A4) Literal meaning Trousers/ pants Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Kù Bopomofo (/wiki/Bopomofo) ㄎㄨˋ Hakka (/wiki/Hakka_Chinese) Pha̍k-fa-sṳ (/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk-fa-s%E1%B9%B3) fu Yue: Cantonese (/wiki/Cantonese) Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) fu3 English name English Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Ku ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 褲 ; lit. 'trousers') or kuzi ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 褲子 ; lit. 'trousers/pants'), collectively refers to the traditional Chinese trousers (/wiki/Trousers) in Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) in the broad sense. Ku can also refer to the kaidangku ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 開襠褲 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E8%A5%A0%E8%A4%B2) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : kāidāngkù ; lit. 'Open crotch trousers'), [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) [note 1] (#cite_note-2) which are Chinese trousers without a rise as opposed to the trousers with a rise, referred as hedangku ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 合襠褲 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%88%E8%A5%A0%E8%A4%B2) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : hédāngkù ; lit. 'crotch trousers') or kun ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 褌 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A4%8C) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : kūn ; lit. 'breeches/drawers') in ancient times. [note 2] (#cite_note-3) [2] (#cite_note-:1-4) [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The upper garment yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) , the ku which evolved from the jingyi which existed since the neolithic period, and the chang (/wiki/Qun) ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 裳 ; lit. 'skirt') from which the qun (/wiki/Qun) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 裙 ; lit. 'skirt') eventually evolved from, are indigenous to Central area of China. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) When the ku is combined with the yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) upper garment and the chang , the complete attire in the Hanfu -system is formed. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The ku is worn as a lower garment in a set of attire known as shanku (/wiki/Shanku) and/or sometimes be worn under the skirt of the ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) . [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) With time, the Chinese trousers evolved and changed in a variety of shapes and styles. [2] (#cite_note-:1-4) The adoption of the hedangku used in the Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) of Northern nomadic people through the adoption of the Hufuqishe policy by King Wuling of Zhao (/wiki/King_Wuling_of_Zhao) during the Warring States period (/wiki/Warring_States_period) eventually made the hedangku -style trousers popular among the ancestors of the Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) and the Chinese ethnic minorities (/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China) in the South. [2] (#cite_note-:1-4) [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The Hufu -style hedangku influenced the development of both the ku and kun of the Han Chinese and the hedangku of the other ethnic minorities of China leading to the creation and development of more innovative styles of trousers with time. [2] (#cite_note-:1-4) There are many different styles and shapes of hedangku which differ based on the ethnic groups of China; the shape and form of the rise structure in the hedangku also vary depending on different ethnic minorities. [2] (#cite_note-:1-4) Terminology [ edit ] As a general term, the term kuzi ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 褲子 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A4%B2%E5%AD%90) ) and ku ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 褲 ; lit. 'trousers') can both be literally translated as " trousers (/wiki/Trousers) or pants" in English language. [4] (#cite_note-:2-6) : 55 [5] (#cite_note-:6-7) : 111 The Chinese character for ku (褲) has other character variants such as ( 袴 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A2%B4) ) and ( 絝 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B5%9D) ). [6] (#cite_note-8) The character ku ( 绔 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BB%94) ) is the archaic form of character of ku ( 袴 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A2%B4) ). [7] (#cite_note-:4-9) The term duanku ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 短褲 ; lit. 'duǎnkù') refers to shorts (/wiki/Shorts) . [4] (#cite_note-:2-6) : 55 Hedangku / kun [ edit ] The hedangku were referred as kun ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 褌 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : kūn ; lit. 'breeches/drawers') in the Warring States period (/wiki/Warring_States_period) . [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) In a Qin dynasty (/wiki/Qin_dynasty) manuscript called Zhiyi 《制衣》( lit. ' Making Clothes ' ), however, Chinese trousers, including hedangku , are recorded as ku ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 絝 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : kù ) [7] (#cite_note-:4-9) Styles of hedangku Name English name Description Period Images Dashao ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 大袑 ) A trousers with extremely wide and loose legs in the Han-style to make them look harmonious with the paofu (/wiki/Paofu) . It was worn by civil and military officials. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Han [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Dakouku ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 大口褲 ) / fu A type of trousers with loose legs, which were tied with strings under the knee in the Han dynasty and became a prevalent form of trousers in the Wei (/wiki/Cao_Wei) , Jin (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)) , Northern and Southern dynasties (/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties) . [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The strings were tied around the knees to prevent its wearer from getting caught by something while walking. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Han – Tang [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Dubikun ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 犢鼻褌 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : dúbíkūn ; lit. 'calf-nose trousers') Calf-nose pants [8] (#cite_note-:8-10) : 259 / calf-nose shorts [9] (#cite_note-11) : 166 It was used as an under-trousers. [8] (#cite_note-:8-10) : 259 In terms of appearance: it was a form of short trousers in length, [2] (#cite_note-:1-4) which was cut in the shape of a calf-nose, thus gaining its name. [8] (#cite_note-:8-10) : 259 Han [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Zhangshikun ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 長式褌 ) A form of trousers which are long in length. [2] (#cite_note-:1-4) Kaidangku / ku [ edit ] The jingyi ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 脛衣 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : jìngyī ; lit. ' shin clothing (/wiki/Tibia) '), as the earliest form of trousers consisting of two separate legs for each leg, [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) also became known as ku ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 絝 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : kù ), [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) qian ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 褰 ), duo ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 襗 ), and taoku ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 套袴 ) through different period of time. [7] (#cite_note-:4-9) In the Shang dynasty, the term chang ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 裳 ; lit. 'lower garments') could be used as a general term to refer to both the ku and the skirt called chang ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 裳 ; lit. 'skirt'). [10] (#cite_note-:3-12) : 15 In the Spring and Autumn period (/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period) and Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) , trousers without crotches were called ku ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 絝 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : kù ). [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The term ku ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 袴 ) can also be found in the ancient texts, such as in the Western Han dynasty text called Fang Yan 《方言 》by Yang Xiong (/wiki/Yang_Xiong_(author)) , and in the chapter Xiaoerya 《小爾雅》of the kongcongzi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 孔叢子 ) dating from the Eastern Han to Three Kingdoms period. [11] (#cite_note-13) According to the Fang Yan , the ku ( Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 袴 ), which was in Guangxi, was also called《 䙭 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%99%AD) 》or《 襱 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%B1) 》in Qilu ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 齊魯 ). [12] (#cite_note-14) Styles of kaidangku Name English name Description Period Images Jingyi ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 脛衣 ) The earliest form of ku in China; made up of two legs which cover the shank (/wiki/Human_leg) only (i.e. from the knees to the ankles); when worn, it was directly worn on the shank. [13] (#cite_note-:0-15) [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) It came in pairs like shoes (/wiki/Shoe) . [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Neolithic to Han [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Kaidangku (/wiki/Open-crotch_pants) ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 開襠褲 ) Open-crotch pants/ open-crotch trousers/ split pants A trousers worn by toddlers in China. Qiongku ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 窮絝 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : qióngkù ) A trousers with an upper part covering the hip and with the lower part which covers the lower legs; the rise and hips are closed at the front and multiple strings are used to tie it at the back. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Western Han – Ming [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Taoku ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 套袴 ) A jingyi -style ku which evolved from the Song dynasty's xiku in the Ming dynasty; it was worn over other forms of trousers. In the Qing dynasty, the taoku covered both the thighs and the legs [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Ming – Qing [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Waku ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 襪褲 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : wàkù )/ kuwa ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 褲襪 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : kùwà ) A style of xiku which was forbidden in the Song dynasty to be worn by women except if the wearer was an actress performing in drama theatre. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Xiku ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 膝褲 ) A jingyi -style ku which first appeared in the Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) and later became prevalent in the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) . [13] (#cite_note-:0-15) [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) When worn, it was used on top of another form of trousers, which marks its difference from the jingyi of the ancient times. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) It eventually evolved into the taoku in the Ming dynasty. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Song – Ming [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) History [ edit ] Pre-Warring States period [ edit ] The ku was worn in China since the neolithic times, where it was called jingyi ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 胫衣 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 脛衣 ; lit. ' shin clothing (/wiki/Tibia) '). [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The jingyi was the earliest form of in China and only covered the shank (/wiki/Human_leg) of its wearer. [13] (#cite_note-:0-15) The jingyi consisted of two separated legs which were tied on calves and allowed to exposure of the thighs. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) As a result, a wrap-skirt had to be worn to hide the lower body and the crotch area. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The jingyi was also used to protect its wearer from the cold and to protect its wearer's skin. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) In the Spring and Autumn period (/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period) , trousers without crotches were still in use. [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) Warring States period, Qin dynasty [ edit ] Main article: Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) The Warring States period (/wiki/Warring_States_period) marks the beginning of the history of hedangku through the Hufuqishe policy adopted by King Wuling of Zhao (/wiki/King_Wuling_of_Zhao) . [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The hedangku with a loose rise was a form of Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) , which were originally worn by the Northern nomadic peoples. Through the Hufuqishe policy, the Hufu -style hedangku with loose rise was introduced in Central China and first adopted and used by the military troops before eventually being used by the general populations in the succeeding dynasties. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Under the influence of the Hufu -style hedangku with loose rise, the Chinese-style hedangku , referred as kun ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 裈 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 褌 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : kūn ; lit. 'breeches/drawers'), was developed. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The Hufu -style hedangku also influenced the jingyi -style ku leading to the lengthening of the ku to the thigh and to the development of a waist enclosure with an open rise and rear which allowed for urination and defecation, thus forming the basic form of ku as trousers with open rise. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Since the rear and the rise of the ku trousers were both opened, a skirt continued to be worn to hide the genitals. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) An example of a typical form of ku trousers is the embroidered silk brocade ku discovered in the Mashan Chu (/wiki/Chu_(state)) tomb in Jiangling (/wiki/Jiangling_County) , Hubei province (/wiki/Hubei) . [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) In a Qin dynasty (/wiki/Qin_dynasty) manuscript called Zhiyi , however, the term ku ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 绔 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : kù ) could also be used to refer to the kun while the rise of the trousers itself was referred as zi ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 子 ). [7] (#cite_note-:4-9) While new forms of ku trousers were developed, the jingyi -style ku continued to be worn until the early Han dynasty. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Han dynasty [ edit ] Ku (left) and kun (right), Han dynasty There were variety of trousers in the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) , including full trousers with tampered cuffs. [14] (#cite_note-:9-16) : 312 The shanku (/wiki/Shanku) attire was worn by men in ordinary times. [10] (#cite_note-:3-12) : 16 In this period, the kun developed into new styles of Chinese trousers, such as dashao ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 大袑 ) which were trousers with extremely wide legs and the dakouku ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 大口褲 ), which was a type of trousers which were tied with strings under the knees in this period. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The kun however was rarely used by the general population and were only used by warriors and servants during this period as the members of the high society were still deeply influenced by the traditional etiquette of the Han culture and found the kun disgraceful for allowing the exposure of its wearer's leg shape; moreover, people had difficulty adjusting to the use of the kun in their everyday lifestyle and routines as they were used to their traditional ku . [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) In the chapter Jijiupian 《急就篇》by Shi You (/wiki/Shi_You) during the Western Han dynasty, the zheku (/wiki/Shanku) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 褶袴 ) consisted of the zhekukun ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 褶袴褌 ), a wide-legged kun which were bound with strings at the around the knees, and was worn with a tight knee-length chanyu (/wiki/Shenyi#Qin_to_Han_dynasties) ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 襜褕 ) robe. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) [15] (#cite_note-17) Compared to the kun , the ku was more acceptable in the Han tradition and became an important form of garment attire item in Hanfu . [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) A typical form of ku in the Han dynasty had two complete legs connected to the waist with a piece of fabric which would cover the abdomen but leave the hips uncovered; an example of this form of ku can be found in the Mawangdui (/wiki/Mawangdui) Han tomb at Changsha, Hunan Province; compared to the kun , this form of ku had a closed front rise and an open rear. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) In the Western Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) , another form of ku , called qiongku ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 穷裤 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 窮褲 ), was designed for the maids living in the palace and was also worn in the imperial court. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The qiongku was characterized with an upper part which covered the hip regions and a lower part which covered the lower legs; the rise and the waist of the qiongku is closed at the front and multiple strings were used to tie it at the back. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) According to the Biography of Queen Shangguan in the History of the Han dynasty , the qiongku was exclusively designed for the imperial concubines who were then forced to wear it; the reason behind it was to help queen Shangguan to monopolize the favour of Emperor Zhao (/wiki/Emperor_Zhao_of_Han) Di and to produce an heir; the use of qiongku would therefore prevent Emperor Zhao Di from having sexual activities with other imperial concubines. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties [ edit ] Full trousers with tampered cuffs, early Six dynasties Trousers under ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) , early Six dynasties In the early Six dynasties period (/wiki/Six_Dynasties) , the trousers which were worn by commoners were similar to those worn in the Han dynasty having full legs with tapered cuffs. [14] (#cite_note-:9-16) : 312 [16] (#cite_note-:10-18) : 435 Male commoners continued to wore it in their shanku (/wiki/Shanku) while female commoners could either wore it in their shanku (/wiki/Shanku) or under their ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) . [14] (#cite_note-:9-16) : 312 [16] (#cite_note-:10-18) : 435 In the Jin dynasty (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)) , clothing did not change much and trousers were worn by servants and people with low status. [14] (#cite_note-:9-16) : 220–221 Kun without knee-binding, Western Jin Kuzhefu consisting of dakouku (or fuku), Northern Qi. During the Wei (/wiki/Cao_Wei) , Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties (/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties) , the dakouku (especially the wide-bottomed dakouku ) became a common form of kun amongst the nobles and the commoners. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) This style of knee-bound kun was also known as fuku . [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) By binding the trousers below the knees, the dakouku would facilitate movements, [16] (#cite_note-:10-18) : 435 including when horseback riding or when men were on duty. [14] (#cite_note-:9-16) : 319 The chord used to bind the knees were made out of felt (/wiki/Felt) in the Western Jin (/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)) ; however, as the use of felt was a product of the Eurasian steppes (/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe) ; it was assumed to be Hufu by the contemporary observers of this period. [14] (#cite_note-:9-16) : 319 In fact, while the dakouku was designed under the influence of the ancient Hufu -style hedangku , it was a Chinese innovation and was not a form of Hufu . [14] (#cite_note-:9-16) : 319 In the Northern Wei (/wiki/Northern_Wei) , some women started to wear dakouku instead of skirts under the influence of the northern nomads. [14] (#cite_note-:9-16) : 322 When the dakouku was matched with a tight knee-length upper garment, it formed the kuzhefu (/wiki/Shanku) , [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) which then became both the military and official attire in both the north and south of China at those times. [14] (#cite_note-:9-16) : 319 The kuzhefu was a popular form of attire until the Sui (/wiki/Sui_dynasty) and Tang dynasties (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) . [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Sui and Tang dynasties [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ku_(trousers)&action=edit§ion=) . ( June 2022 ) In the Tang dynasty (/wiki/Tang_dynasty) , the dakouku were only used by warriors and the guards of honour. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The hedangku became popular amongst women who wore it under their skirt. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) New form of trousers then appeared with narrow legs instead of loose legs. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Song dynasty and Yuan dynasty [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ku_(trousers)&action=edit§ion=) . ( June 2022 ) Right: woman wearing xiaoku ; left: woman wearing xiku , Song dynasty painting. Farmers in narrow legged-trousers, c. Song to Yuan dynasty, before 1353 Trousers with narrow legs, called xiaoku , were worn by the general population. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The xiku ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 膝裤 ), a jingyi -style ku , [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) first appeared in the Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) . [13] (#cite_note-:0-15) [1] (#cite_note-:5-1) It became so popular that it was occasionally worn by the Emperors. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) The xiku remained popular in the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) . [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) A style of xiku was called kuwa ; however, the wearing of kuwa was forbidden for noble ladies and only actresses were allowed to wear them when performing in drama theatres. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Ming dynasty [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ku_(trousers)&action=edit§ion=) . ( June 2022 ) In the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) , xiku evolved into another jingyi -style ku called taoku ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 套袴 ); the taoku however had to be worn over other forms of trousers. [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Trousers continued to be worn by both genders either under the paofu (/wiki/Paofu) or skirt of the ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) . [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Qing dynasty [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ku_(trousers)&action=edit§ion=) . ( June 2022 ) 21st century [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ku_(trousers)&action=edit§ion=) . ( June 2022 ) Ethnic clothing [ edit ] The jingyi -style ku remains popular among minority ethnicities, such as the Hani (/wiki/Hani_people) and the Miao (/wiki/Miao_people) women; they are now referred as jiaotong . [3] (#cite_note-:7-5) Derivatives and influences [ edit ] Hakama (/wiki/Hakama) Chinese-style trousers were adopted in the precursor of the áo dài (/wiki/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i) in during the Nguyễn dynasty (/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty) in Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam) . [17] (#cite_note-19) : 61 See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) Not to be confused with the modern-style kaidangku (/wiki/Open-crotch_pants) which is worn by toddlers in present-days. ^ (#cite_ref-3) The trousers with crotch can also be called as mandangku (缦裆裤), mangdangku (满裆裤), mingdanku (抿裆裤) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Li, Zhejing. "浅谈中国封建礼教思想与"开裆裤"的发展--《文学界(理论版)》2010年07期" (https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WXJL201007100.htm) [Talking about the development of Chinese feudal ethics and "open crotch pants"]. www.cnki.com.cn . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220620193111/https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WXJL201007100.htm) from the original on 2022-06-20 . Retrieved 2022-06-16 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Xie, Yong; Wu, Qiuying; Jiang, Ru; Qi, Yujie (2019). "云贵粤地区少数民族合裆裤的多元化构成" (https://web.archive.org/web/20220616024807/http://www.humencx.com/upfile/201903/2019033136055429.pdf) (PDF) . Journal of Silk . 56 (3): 78–83. Archived from the original (http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SICO201903012.htm) on 16 June 2022. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg Xu, Rui; Sparks, Diane (2011). "Symbolism and Evolution of Ku-form in Chinese Costume" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-15-01-2011-b002) . Research Journal of Textile and Apparel . 15 (1): 11–21. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1108/rjta-15-01-2011-b002 (https://doi.org/10.1108%2Frjta-15-01-2011-b002) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1560-6074 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1560-6074) . ^ Jump up to: a b McEnery, Tony (2010). Corpus-based contrastive studies of English and Chinese . Richard Xiao. New York: Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-203-84795-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1086452482 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1086452482) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220620193107/https://www.worldcat.org/title/corpus-based-contrastive-studies-of-english-and-chinese/oclc/1086452482) from the original on 2022-06-20 . Retrieved 2022-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-:6_7-0) Dong, Li (2015). Tuttle learner's Chinese-English dictionary (Second ed.). Rutland, Vermont: Tuttle Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4629-1768-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 914150800 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/914150800) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220620193107/https://www.worldcat.org/title/tuttle-learners-chinese-english-dictionary/oclc/914150800) from the original on 2022-06-20 . Retrieved 2022-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "袴 - Chinese Text Project" (https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&char=%E8%A2%B4) . ctext.org . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220620193107/https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&char=%E8%A2%B4) from the original on 2022-06-20 . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Hao, Peng; Ling, Zhang (2018-01-11). "On "Skirts" and "Trousers" in the Qin Dynasty Manuscript Making Clothes in the Collection of Peking University*" (https://www.eastviewpress.com/on-skirts-and-trousers-in-the-qin-dynasty-manuscript-making-clothes-in-the-collection-of-peking-university/) . East View Press . Chinese Cultural Relics. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220620193107/https://www.eastviewpress.com/on-skirts-and-trousers-in-the-qin-dynasty-manuscript-making-clothes-in-the-collection-of-peking-university/) from the original on 2022-06-20 . Retrieved 2022-06-16 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Hawaii Reader in Traditional Chinese Culture . Paul R. Goldin, Victor H. Mair, Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt. Honolulu. 2005. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8248-5235-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1076475573 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1076475573) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220620193108/https://www.worldcat.org/title/hawaii-reader-in-traditional-chinese-culture/oclc/1076475573) from the original on 2022-06-20 . Retrieved 2022-06-20 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-11) Xingpei, Yuan (2018). An outline of Chinese literature II . Paul White. Milton. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-315-27788-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 995765563 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/995765563) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220620193108/https://www.worldcat.org/title/outline-of-chinese-literature-ii/oclc/995765563) from the original on 2022-06-20 . Retrieved 2022-06-20 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Feng, Ge (2015). Traditional Chinese rites and rituals . Zhengming Du. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4438-8783-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 935642485 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/935642485) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220611205015/https://www.worldcat.org/title/traditional-chinese-rites-and-rituals/oclc/935642485) from the original on 2022-06-11 . Retrieved 2022-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Kongcongzi : 小爾雅 : 廣服 - Chinese Text Project" (https://ctext.org/xiao-er-ya/guang-fu) . ctext.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220614205902/https://ctext.org/xiao-er-ya/guang-fu) from the original on 2022-06-14 . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . 袴，謂之裳。 ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Fang Yan : 第四 - Chinese Text Project" (https://ctext.org/fang-yan/di-si/ens) . ctext.org (in Chinese (China)). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220410002136/https://ctext.org/fang-yan/di-si/ens) from the original on 2022-04-10 . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . 袴，齐鲁之间谓之䙭，或谓之襱。关西谓之袴 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Chen, Chen (2016). "明代女子"膝裤"研究 - 硕士" (https://r.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=1016000256.nh&dbcode=WWBM&dbname=WWBMTOTAL&v=) [Research on Women's "Knee Pants" in Ming Dynasty]. r.cnki.net . 北京服装学院. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220620193110/https://r.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=1016000256.nh&dbcode=WWBM&dbname=WWBMTOTAL&v=) from the original on 2022-06-20 . Retrieved 2022-06-15 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Dien, Albert E. (2007). Six dynasties civilization . New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-300-07404-8 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 72868060 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/72868060) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220620193114/https://www.worldcat.org/title/six-dynasties-civilization/oclc/72868060) from the original on 2022-06-20 . Retrieved 2022-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Ji Jiu Pian - 褶袴 - Chinese Text Project" (https://ctext.org/jijiupian) . ctext.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220616205217/https://ctext.org/jijiupian) from the original on 2022-06-16 . Retrieved 2022-06-18 . 襜褕袷複褶袴褌 ^ Jump up to: a b c Early medieval China : a sourcebook . Wendy Swartz, Robert Ford Campany, Yang Lu, Jessey Jiun-Chyi Choo. New York. 2014. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-231-53100-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 873986732 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/873986732) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220620193113/https://www.worldcat.org/title/early-medieval-china-a-sourcebook/oclc/873986732) from the original on 2022-06-20 . Retrieved 2022-06-20 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Steele, Valerie (2005). Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion . Valerie Steele (3-volume set ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-684-31394-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 55085919 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55085919) . v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) Goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) Belief system and social movement Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) Wufu (/wiki/Wufu) Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) (/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)) Yin and Yang (/wiki/Yin_and_Yang) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) Sumptuary laws Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) Related rituals Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) Ji Li (ceremony) (/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)) Garments Set of attire Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) Bianfu (/wiki/Bianfu) Tongtianguanfu (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Xuanduan (/wiki/Xuanduan) Diyi (/wiki/Diyi) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) Upper garment Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Shan (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Chang'ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) Baijiayi (/wiki/Baijiayi) Daxiushan (/wiki/Daxiushan) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) Pifeng (/wiki/Beizi) Hechang (/wiki/Beizi) Shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Robe Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Zhiju (/wiki/Shenyi) Quju (/wiki/Shenyi) Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) Daopao (/wiki/Daopao) Zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) Longpao (/wiki/Dragon_robe) Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Tieli (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) Zhisun (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) Feiyufu (/wiki/Feiyufu) Inner and undergarment Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Hezi (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Moxiong (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Lower garment Ku Qun (/wiki/Qun) Baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Religious clothing Daojiao fushi (/wiki/Daojiao_fushi) Headwear (list) (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Fangxingquling (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Shoulders Pibo (/wiki/Pibo) Xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) Chest Yajin (/wiki/Yajin) Waist Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Lap Bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) Ribbons and knots Lào zi (/wiki/L%C3%A0o_zi) Portable Hebao (/wiki/Hebao) Xiangnang (fragrant sachet) (/wiki/Hebao) Hu (ritual baton) (/wiki/Hu_(ritual_baton)) Fu (tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)) Yufu (fish tally) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Fish_tally/_yufu) Yudai (fish bag) (/wiki/Fu_(tally)#Yudai) Folding fan (/wiki/Hand_fan) Tuanshan (/wiki/Tuanshan) Jewellery Longevity lock (/wiki/Lock_charm) Yupei (/wiki/Yupei) Jinbu (/wiki/Yupei#Jinbu_(禁步)) Influenced clothing Traditional clothing Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Hanbok (/wiki/Hanbok) Ryusou (/wiki/Ryusou) Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing) Performance costume Xifu (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) Guzhuang (/wiki/Guzhuang_(costume)) Cosmetics Huadian (/wiki/Huadian_(make-up)) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐v8ddb Cached time: 20240719193104 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.920 seconds Real time 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British model and cook This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Lorraine Pascale" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lorraine+Pascale%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lorraine+Pascale%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lorraine+Pascale%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lorraine+Pascale%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lorraine+Pascale%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lorraine+Pascale%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( October 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Lorraine Pascale Born ( 1972-11-17 ) 17 November 1972 (age 51) Hackney (/wiki/Hackney,_London) , London (/wiki/London) , England (/wiki/England) Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Spouses Kaz Balinski-Jundzill (divorced) Dennis O'Brien ( m. 2021) Children Ella Balinska (/wiki/Ella_Balinska) Culinary career Television show(s) Baking Made Easy Bakers vs. Fakers Donut Showdown (/wiki/Donut_Showdown) Halloween Baking Championship (/wiki/Halloween_Baking_Championship) Holiday Baking Championship (/wiki/Holiday_Baking_Championship) Home Cooking Made Easy How to Be a Better Cook Lorraine's Fast, Fresh & Easy Food Lorraine's Last Minute Christmas My Kitchen Rules (/wiki/My_Kitchen_Rules_(British_TV_series)) Spring Baking Championship (/wiki/Spring_Baking_Championship) Sugar Showdown Worst Bakers in America (/wiki/Worst_Bakers_in_America) Website www (http://www.lorrainepascale.com) .lorrainepascale (http://www.lorrainepascale.com) .com (http://www.lorrainepascale.com) Lorraine Pascale (born 17 November 1972) is a British television cook and USA Food Network host and former top model, best known for selling almost one million books in the UK alone. Her TV shows are in 70 countries worldwide. She had her own cooking show on the BBC for several seasons. From 2007 to 2012 she owned a retail outlet in London selling baked goods called Ella's Bakehouse named after her daughter. She is the United Kingdom Government Fostering and Adoption Ambassador and an emotional wellness advocate. She is the mother of Charlie’s Angels (/wiki/Charlie%27s_Angels_(2019_film)) star Ella Balinska (/wiki/Ella_Balinska) . Personal life [ edit ] Pascale was born to Jamaican (/wiki/Jamaicans) parents [1] (#cite_note-gua-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) in Hackney (/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney) at The Mothers' Hospital and was fostered in Leytonstone (/wiki/Leytonstone) immediately after she was born. [3] (#cite_note-3) She was adopted (/wiki/Adoption) at 18 months old and brought up in Witney (/wiki/Witney) , Oxfordshire (/wiki/Oxfordshire) , by a white couple, Roger and Audrey Woodward, who already had a son, Jason. Her adoptive father was a multilingual Spanish academic who had taught at Oxford, and her mother was a nurse. When her parents divorced when she was three years old, Pascale remained with her mother, who subsequently became ill and could no longer care for her. At this point, at age seven, she was fostered (/wiki/Foster_care) to more than one family, with differing degrees of 'fit'. After a year she returned to her mother and met up again with her father, who had remarried and had a daughter. She won a full scholarship given by the Buttle Trust (/wiki/Buttle_UK) and was educated at a boarding school (/wiki/Boarding_school) in Devon. [1] (#cite_note-gua-1) Pascale has an elder brother and a younger half-sister. She knows her biological parents' identity and their four other children, but she does not wish to re-establish contact: "I know my birth parents' names. I know I've got three brothers and one sister, I know that some of them are in London but I don't have any desire or need to find them. One family is enough." [1] (#cite_note-gua-1) In her early twenties Pascale married Polish musician [4] (#cite_note-4) Count Kaz Balinski-Jundzill, [5] (#cite_note-5) and gave birth to her daughter, actress Ella Balinska (/wiki/Ella_Balinska) , "a year or two later". The couple have since separated and subsequently divorced. [1] (#cite_note-gua-1) On 26 June 2021, she wed businessman Dennis O’Brien at Chelsea Old Town Hall in London. [6] (#cite_note-6) Career [ edit ] At age 16, Pascale was spotted as potential model by the agent who had found Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) , during her career as a model, she walked with supermodels like Naomi Campbell, Karen Mulder and Kate Moss for Chanel, Versace and many fashion designers. [7] (#cite_note-fmd-7) Based in New York, she achieved recognition as the first black British model to appear on the cover of American Elle (/wiki/Elle_(magazine)) . [8] (#cite_note-obs-8) She appeared in the 1998 Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) , [9] (#cite_note-sportsillustrated-9) and as one of the Bond Girls (/wiki/Bond_Girls) in Robbie Williams (/wiki/Robbie_Williams) ' " Millennium (/wiki/Millennium_(song)) " video. [10] (#cite_note-10) Pascale recognised the need to ensure her future after modelling and embarked on a series of career "try-outs", including hypnotherapy (/wiki/Hypnotherapy) and car mechanics (/wiki/Car_mechanic) . She took a diploma cookery course at Leith's School of Food and Wine in 2005 and found that cookery fitted her "like a pair of old jeans". After gaining her diploma, she did a series of 'stages' in some London restaurants but, realising that restaurant hours would not suit her, Pascale established herself as a specialist cakemaker, with a contract with Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) . Her introduction to Selfridges was at the suggestion of chef Marco Pierre White (/wiki/Marco_Pierre_White) and in 2008 and 2010 she supplied the London store with over 1000 Christmas cakes. Pascale has opened her own cupcake shop in Covent Garden (/wiki/Covent_Garden) . She also studied Culinary Arts at Thames Valley University (now University of West London (/wiki/University_of_West_London) ) and in March 2012 graduated with a first class degree. [8] (#cite_note-obs-8) [11] (#cite_note-obsa-11) In 2015, Pascale said she practises Transcendental Meditation (/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation_technique) to relax after work. [12] (#cite_note-12) Television and publishing work [ edit ] In January 2011, Pascale presented a television bakery programme, Baking Made Easy , on BBC (/wiki/BBC) television [8] (#cite_note-obs-8) and published a bakery book based upon this series. Later that year, a second series, Home Cooking Made Easy , was broadcast in September and October, with an accompanying book. A Last Minute Christmas programme aired on BBC Two on 22 December 2011. A third book was published in 2012 and a series based upon it, called Fast, Fresh & Easy Food , aired in August and September 2012 on BBC Two (/wiki/BBC_Two) . In early 2014, Pascale co-presented and judged the UK version of My Kitchen Rules (/wiki/My_Kitchen_Rules_(UK_TV_series)) with Jason Atherton (/wiki/Jason_Atherton) on Sky Living (/wiki/Sky_Living) . In April of that year, it was announced that Pascale was to host a new six-part television series called Lorraine Pascale: How to be a Better Cook that would air later in the year on BBC Two (/wiki/BBC_Two) . [13] (#cite_note-13) In March 2015, she co-hosted an episode of The Nation's Favourite Food alongside the Hairy Bikers (/wiki/The_Hairy_Bikers) on BBC Two. Pascale was a judge on Food Network (/wiki/Food_Network) 's Holiday Baking Championship (/wiki/Holiday_Baking_Championship) and Spring Baking Championship (/wiki/Spring_Baking_Championship) from 2014 to 2020, as well as a mentor on Worst Bakers in America (/wiki/Worst_Bakers_in_America) . [14] (#cite_note-14) She was a judge on two episodes of the first season of Bakers vs. Fakers (/wiki/Bakers_vs._Fakers) , and became the host for Season 2 before the show's abrupt cancellation in 2017. [15] (#cite_note-15) She has not returned to the U.S. to appear on any Food Network shows since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . Charity [ edit ] Pascale is the patron of TACT (/wiki/The_Adolescent_and_Children%27s_Trust) , the UK's largest fostering and adoption charity, and an ambassador of both the charities Rays of Sunshine (https://www.raysofsunshine.org.uk/) and The Prince's Trust (/wiki/The_Prince%27s_Trust) . In summer 2008, she was made the ambassador of the National Careers Service (/wiki/National_Careers_Service) launching the service with Skills Minister John Hayes (/wiki/John_Hayes_(British_politician)) . [16] (#cite_note-16) Pascale visits schools and Women's Maximum security prisons across the country talking about confidence and emotional resilience. Bibliography [ edit ] Pascale has published a number of books, including: Baking Made Easy (https://www.amazon.co.uk/Baking-Made-Easy-Lorraine-Pascale/dp/0007275943) , HarperCollins, 2011 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0007275946 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0007275946) Home Cooking Made Easy (https://www.amazon.co.uk/Home-Cooking-Made-Lorraine-Pascale/dp/0007275927) , HarperCollins, 2011 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0007275922 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0007275922) Lorraine Pascale's Fast, Fresh and Easy Food (https://www.amazon.co.uk/Lorraine-Pascales-Fast-Fresh-Easy/dp/0007489668) , HarperCollins, 2012 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0007489664 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0007489664) A Lighter Way To Bake (https://www.amazon.co.uk/Lighter-Way-Bake-Lorraine-Pascale/dp/0007538332) , HarperCollins, 2013 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0007538331 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0007538331) How to Be a Better Cook (https://www.amazon.co.uk/How-Better-Cook-Lorraine-Pascale/dp/0007489684) , HarperCollins, 2014 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0007489688 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0007489688) Eating Well Made Easy (https://www.amazon.co.uk/Eating-Well-Made-Easy-Deliciously/dp/0007489706) ,HarperCollins 2015 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0007489701 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0007489701) Bake (https://www.amazon.co.uk/Bake-Show-Stopping-Recipes-Made-Simple/dp/1509820736) , Bluebird 2017 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1509820733 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1509820733) The Girlies' Guide to Football (https://www.rebuy.de/i,1302770/buecher/kick-it-das-ultimative-fuballbuch-fuer-frauen-lorraine-balinska) , Knaur ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3426623770 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3426623770) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Episodes 2011 Home Cooking Made Easy "Comfort" (26 September 2011) "Favourites" (3 October 2011) "Entertaining" (10 October 2011) "Simple" (17 October 2011) Baking Made Easy "So Easy" (10 January 2011) "Speed Baking" (17 January 2011) "Modern Classics" (24 January 2011) "Very Entertaining" (31 January 2011) "Bake to Impress" (7 February 2011) "Time to Bake" (14 February 2011) Lorraine's Last Minute Christmas TX 22 December 2011 2012 Lorraine's Fast, Fresh & Easy Food "Easy Entertaining" (13 August 2012) "Feel Good Food" (20 August 2012) "Simple Classics" (27 August 2012) "Baking It" (3 September 2012) "Posh Nosh" (10 September 2012) "Easy Everyday" (17 September 2012) 2014 My Kitchen Rules (/wiki/My_Kitchen_Rules_(UK_TV_series)) Fostering & Me with Lorraine Pascale TX 19 June 2014 Lorraine Pascale: How to be a Better Cook "Tony Sartori" (12 September 2014) "Bryony Crutcher" (19 September 2014) "Sonia Harwood" (26 September 2014) "Neil Forster" (3 October 2014) "Travis Francis" (10 October 2014) "Sally Mack" (17 October 2014) 2015 The Hairy Bikers and Lorraine Pascale: Cooking the Nation's Favourite Food TX 17 March 2015 2022 RuPaul's Drag Race UK (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_UK) Series 4 (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_UK_(series_4)) ; Guest judge References [ edit ] ^ a b c d McGrath, Nick (22 January 2011). "Lorraine Pascale: My family values" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jan/22/lorraine-pascal-baking-cakes) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 22 January 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "My adoption experience:Lorraine Pascale, 38, TV baker and former model" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/my-adoption-experiencelorraine-pascale-38-tv-baker-and-former-model-3fj6hf5ghdw) . 20 April 2011 – via www.thetimes.co.uk. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Fostering and Me with Lorraine Pascale. BBC documentary. (Shown on BBC2 on 19 June 2014.) ^ (#cite_ref-4) Cocozza, Paula (29 November 2016). " (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/nov/29/lorraine-pascale-modelling-food-childhood-motherhood) 'I've ridden camels in fashion shoots' – Lorraine Pascale on the moments that made her" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/nov/29/lorraine-pascale-modelling-food-childhood-motherhood) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 7 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Cope, Rebecca (9 August 2021). " (https://www.tatler.com/article/sophie-anderton-engaged-count-kaz-balinski-jundzill) '90s It girl Sophie Anderton marries Count Kaz Balinski-Jundzill" (https://www.tatler.com/article/sophie-anderton-engaged-count-kaz-balinski-jundzill) . Tatler . Retrieved 7 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Marshall, Michell (29 June 2021). "TV chef Lorraine Pascale drops surprise wedding news after daughter gives her away" (https://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/1455945/lorraine-pascale-husband-wedding-Ella-Balinska-Instagram-pictures-news-latest-update) . express.co.uk . Retrieved 7 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-fmd_7-0) "Lorraine Pascale" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Lorraine_Pascale/) . Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) . 2 January 2011 . Retrieved 22 January 2011 . ^ a b c Cooke, Rachel (2 January 2011). "Lorraine Pascale: 'I absolutely eat what I cook' (https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2011/jan/02/lorraine-pascale-ellas-bakery-cupcakes) " (https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2011/jan/02/lorraine-pascale-ellas-bakery-cupcakes) . The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) . Retrieved 22 January 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-sportsillustrated_9-0) "Swimsuit collection – Lorraine Pascale" (http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/swimsuit/modelfeatured/lorraine_pascale/1998/model/1/5/index.htm) . Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) . Time Warner (/wiki/Time_Warner) . Retrieved 6 February 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Baking hot with new BBC chef, Lorraine Pascale" (https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/baking-hot-with-new-bbc-chef-lorraine-pascale-6566152.html) . Evening Standard . 11 February 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-obsa_11-0) Vernon, Polly (24 May 2009). "The model baker" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/may/24/lorraine-pascale-model-baker) . The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) . Retrieved 22 January 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Fitspiration – Lorraine Pascale" (http://hipandhealthy.com/fitspiration-lorraine-pascale/) . Hip & Healthy . 5 March 2015 . Retrieved 28 August 2015 . To unwind after a busy day I practise transcendental meditation which I do morning and evening for 20 minutes each time. ... The meditation keeps me grounded, learn to be honest with myself, and only do the things which I feel will make me happy. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Lorraine Pascale gives novice cooks a helping hand in BBC Two factual series" (http://www.atvtoday.co.uk/54372-bbc/) . ATV Today. 7 April 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Lorraine Pascale Bio : Food Network" (http://www.foodnetwork.com/hosts/lorraine-pascale/bio.html?oc=linkback) . www.foodnetwork.com . Retrieved 9 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Bakers vs. Fakers (TV Series 2016– ) - IMDb" (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6144174/) . www.imdb.com . Retrieved 13 June 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "TV Chef Lorraine Pascale and Minister John Hayes launch National Careers Service" (http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140108013054/http://www.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk/news/pressreleases/TV-Chef-Lorraine-Pascale-and-Minister-John-Hayes-launch-National--Careers-Service.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk/news/pressreleases/TV-Chef-Lorraine-Pascale-and-Minister-John-Hayes-launch-National--Careers-Service.htm) on 8 January 2014. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.lorrainepascale.com) Lorraine Pascale (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4261091/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Lorraine Pascale (https://x.com/lorrainepascale) on X (/wiki/X_(social_network)) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/lorrainepascale/?hl=en) Storm Management Company (https://www.stormmanagement.com/artist/lorraine-pascale/) v t e 1990–1999 Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) Swimsuit Issue (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue) 1990 Sabrina Barnett (/w/index.php?title=Sabrina_Barnett&action=edit&redlink=1) Michaela Bercu (/wiki/Michaela_Bercu) Anna Getaneh (/w/index.php?title=Anna_Getaneh&action=edit&redlink=1) Rachel Hunter (/wiki/Rachel_Hunter) Kathy Ireland (/wiki/Kathy_Ireland) Estelle Lefébure (/wiki/Estelle_Lef%C3%A9bure) Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) Judit Mascó (/wiki/Judit_Masc%C3%B3) Ashley Richardson (/wiki/Ashley_Richardson) Maria von Hartz (/w/index.php?title=Maria_von_Hartz&action=edit&redlink=1) Louise Vyent (/wiki/Louise_Vyent) Akure Wall (/w/index.php?title=Akure_Wall&action=edit&redlink=1) Roshumba Williams (/wiki/Roshumba_Williams) 1991 Monica Bellucci (/wiki/Monica_Bellucci) Rosie de la Cruz (/w/index.php?title=Rosie_de_la_Cruz&action=edit&redlink=1) Angie Everhart (/wiki/Angie_Everhart) Rachel Hunter (/wiki/Rachel_Hunter) Kathy Ireland (/wiki/Kathy_Ireland) Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) Judit Mascó (/wiki/Judit_Masc%C3%B3) Ashley Richardson (/wiki/Ashley_Richardson) Stephanie Seymour (/wiki/Stephanie_Seymour) Roshumba Williams (/wiki/Roshumba_Williams) 1992 Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) Angie Everhart (/wiki/Angie_Everhart) Kathy Ireland (/wiki/Kathy_Ireland) Vendela Kirsebom (/wiki/Vendela_Kirsebom) Judit Mascó (/wiki/Judit_Masc%C3%B3) Gail O'Neill (/wiki/Gail_O%27Neill) Paulina Porizkova (/wiki/Paulina_Porizkova) Ashley Richardson (/wiki/Ashley_Richardson) Roshumba Williams (/wiki/Roshumba_Williams) Stacey Williams (/wiki/Stacey_Williams) Shana Zadrick (/wiki/Shana_Zadrick) 1993 Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) Britta Dubbels (/w/index.php?title=Britta_Dubbels&action=edit&redlink=1) Rachel Hunter (/wiki/Rachel_Hunter) Kathy Ireland (/wiki/Kathy_Ireland) Vendela Kirsebom (/wiki/Vendela_Kirsebom) Estelle Lefébure (/wiki/Estelle_Lef%C3%A9bure) Ashley Richardson (/wiki/Ashley_Richardson) Ingrid Seynhaeve (/wiki/Ingrid_Seynhaeve) Amber Smith (/wiki/Amber_Smith) Maria von Hartz (/w/index.php?title=Maria_von_Hartz&action=edit&redlink=1) Stacey Williams (/wiki/Stacey_Williams) 1994 Veronica Blume (/wiki/Veronica_Blume) Jenny Brunt (/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Brunt&action=edit&redlink=1) Angie Everhart (/wiki/Angie_Everhart) Rachel Hunter (/wiki/Rachel_Hunter) Kathy Ireland (/wiki/Kathy_Ireland) Kate James (/w/index.php?title=Kate_James&action=edit&redlink=1) Vendela Kirsebom (/wiki/Vendela_Kirsebom) Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) Judit Mascó 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(/wiki/Niki_Taylor) Stacey Williams (/wiki/Stacey_Williams) 1998 Tyra Banks (/wiki/Tyra_Banks) Caprice Bourret (/wiki/Caprice_Bourret) Laetitia Casta (/wiki/Laetitia_Casta) Louise Forsling (/w/index.php?title=Louise_Forsling&action=edit&redlink=1) Eva Herzigová (/wiki/Eva_Herzigov%C3%A1) Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) Tanga Moreau (/wiki/Tanga_Moreau) Karen Mulder (/wiki/Karen_Mulder) p Chandra North (/wiki/Chandra_North) Irina Pantaeva (/wiki/Irina_Pantaeva) Lorraine Pascale Daniela Peštová (/wiki/Daniela_Pe%C5%A1tov%C3%A1) Rebecca Romijn (/wiki/Rebecca_Romijn) Niki Taylor (/wiki/Niki_Taylor) Stacey Williams (/wiki/Stacey_Williams) 1999 Kadra Ahmed Omar (/w/index.php?title=Kadra_Ahmed_Omar&action=edit&redlink=1) Michelle Behennah (/wiki/Michelle_Behennah) * Laetitia Casta (/wiki/Laetitia_Casta) Yamila Díaz (/wiki/Yamila_Diaz-Rahi) * Amber Noelle Ehresmann (/w/index.php?title=Amber_Noelle_Ehresmann&action=edit&redlink=1) Luján Fernández (/wiki/Luj%C3%A1n_Fern%C3%A1ndez) Eva Herzigová 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Dutch fashion model In this Dutch name (/wiki/Dutch_name) , the surname (/wiki/Surname) is de Vries , not Vries . Demy de Vries Born ( 1999-12-23 ) 23 December 1999 (age 24) [2] (#cite_note-2) Egmond aan den Hoef (/wiki/Egmond_aan_den_Hoef) , Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) [3] (#cite_note-3) Nationality Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) Modeling information Hair color Blonde Eye color Blue Agency DNA Models (/w/index.php?title=DNA_Models&action=edit&redlink=1) (New York) VIVA Model Management (/wiki/VIVA_Model_Management) (London, Paris, Barcelona) Why Not Model Management (Milan) [1] (#cite_note-1) Demy de Vries is a Dutch fashion model. Career [ edit ] De Vries was discovered at a Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) store. [4] (#cite_note-VogueDe-4) She debuted as a Prada exclusive (/wiki/Prada) , which is considered to be the highest feat for a model. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) She has modeled for Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) , and Christopher Kane (/wiki/Christopher_Kane) . [4] (#cite_note-VogueDe-4) De Vries has also walked for Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) , and Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2018, models.com chose her as a “Top Newcomer” having walked for Prada, Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) , Erdem (/wiki/Erdem_Moral%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu) , Giambattista Valli (/wiki/Giambattista_Valli) , Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) , and Altuzarra (/wiki/Altuzarra) among others in the F/W season. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Demy de Vries - Model" (https://models.com/models/Demy-de-Vries) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Demy de Vries (22 December 2018). "I feel so blessed to celebrate my 19TH birthday here ❤️🍾🎉" (https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BrssCw6laxs) . Instagram . Archived from the original (https://www.instagram.com/p/BrssCw6laxs/) on 2021-12-26. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Model of the Week: Demy de Vries is the Dutch beach babe who has shot for Coach" (https://models.com/newfaces/modeloftheweek/60608) . models.com . ^ a b "Demy de Vries – eines der vielversprechendsten New Faces der Saison" (https://www.vogue.de/lifestyle/artikel/demy-de-vries-model-interview) . Vogue Germany . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Moss, Hilary (2018-02-09). "8 Models to Watch This Season" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/09/t-magazine/fashion/models-to-watch-fashion-week.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Prada Casting: Can Any House Really Compete?" (http://www.thefashionlaw.com/home/casting-prada-can-any-house-really-compete) . The Fashion Law . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Model of the Week:Demy de Vries" (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/news/models/model-of-the-week-demy-de-vries.htm) . FashionModelDirectory . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "NEWCOMERS F/W 18" (https://models.com/mdx/these-are-the-top-newcomers-of-fw-2018/) . models.com . This article about a person from the Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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This template does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) : Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This template is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7cd59cdcfb‐2t8bl Cached time: 20240717223859 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.005 seconds CPU time usage: 0.148 seconds Real time usage: 0.191 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 132/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8553/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7430/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.120/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1608162/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 171.181 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell 100.00% 171.181 1 -total 59.90% 102.530 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 1.60% 2.739 1 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40043893-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717223859 and revision id 1228967901. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Chanel&oldid=1228967901 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Chanel&oldid=1228967901) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Template-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:Template-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles)
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Walker is a term coined by Women's Wear Daily publisher John Fairchild (/wiki/John_Fairchild_(editor)) to describe a man, often gay, who escorts fashionable women to societal events when their husbands are disinclined to attend. The term originated to describe Jerry Zipkin (/wiki/Jerry_Zipkin) , a New York real estate heir who became a sought-after confidant and advisor to New York society, and eventually became a close confidant of Nancy Reagan (/wiki/Nancy_Reagan) . [1] (#cite_note-allen1-1) [2] (#cite_note-landman1-2) [3] (#cite_note-shelnman1-3) The practice of using a walker stemmed from the social undesirability in the mid-20th century of women appearing unaccompanied, and the social impossibility of gay men appearing as a couple. The arrangement allowed both parties to socialize with greater freedom. With changing social practices that removed such stigmas, the practice was dying out by the late 20th century. Publicists or agents increasingly assumed the duty of walker. [2] (#cite_note-landman1-2) It is similar in function to the eighteenth-century Cicisbeo (/wiki/Cicisbeo) . References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-allen1_1-0) Allen, Jennifer (November 30, 1980). "Nancy Reagan and the Flamboyant Prince Of New York Society" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1980/11/30/nancy-reagan-and-the-flamboyant-prince-of-new-york-society/4ed91e7c-413f-4037-a162-99aa1e53f57e/) . New York Daily News . Retrieved 25 April 2021 . ^ a b Landman, Beth (April 17, 2019). "The Last of New York City's "Walkers": "They Knew Everyone's Secrets" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/inside-last-new-york-citys-walkers-1200106) " (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/inside-last-new-york-citys-walkers-1200106) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 25 April 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-shelnman1_3-0) Shelnman, Mort. "The Consummate Chum: Jerome Zipkin Dies at 80" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/article-1141261/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 25 April 2021 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5687cfbf8b‐l66wf Cached time: 20240709212952 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.281 seconds Real time usage: 0.338 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 196/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5477/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 79/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12237/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.198/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3027494/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 317.995 1 -total 80.04% 254.522 1 Template:Reflist 66.48% 211.418 3 Template:Cite_news 19.93% 63.361 1 Template:Authority_control 0.83% 2.649 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:67498701-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709212952 and revision id 1222182489. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walker_(escort)&oldid=1222182489 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walker_(escort)&oldid=1222182489) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Gendered occupations (/wiki/Category:Gendered_occupations)
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cosmetics companies by country (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_by_country) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐9xm52 Cached time: 20240720170228 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.079 seconds Real time usage: 0.103 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2715/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 455/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.044/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946205/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 92.236 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 92.236 1 -total 97.09% 89.548 1 Template:Sister_project 94.62% 87.274 1 Template:Side_box 7.57% 6.983 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:13209257-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720170228 and revision id 833658478. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 34 subcategories, out of 34 total. A Cosmetics companies of Australia (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Australia) (11 P) Cosmetics companies of Azerbaijan (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Azerbaijan) (1 P) B Cosmetics companies of Brazil (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Brazil) (3 P) C Cosmetics companies of Cameroon (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Cameroon) (1 P) Cosmetics companies of Canada (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Canada) (3 P) Cosmetics companies of China (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_China) (2 P) F Cosmetics companies of France (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_France) (1 C, 41 P, 1 F) G Cosmetics companies of Germany (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Germany) (1 C, 15 P) Cosmetics companies of Greece (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Greece) (2 P) I Cosmetics companies of India (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_India) (10 P) Cosmetics companies of Indonesia (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Indonesia) (5 P) Cosmetics companies of Israel (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Israel) (3 P) Cosmetics companies of Italy (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Italy) (3 P) J Cosmetics companies of Japan (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Japan) (1 C, 20 P) L Cosmetics companies of Latvia (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Latvia) (1 P) Cosmetics companies of Luxembourg (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Luxembourg) (1 P) M Cosmetics companies of Malaysia (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Malaysia) (5 P) N Cosmetics companies of the Netherlands (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_the_Netherlands) (1 P) Cosmetics companies of Norway (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Norway) (1 P) O Cosmetics companies of Oman (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Oman) (1 P) P Cosmetics companies of the Philippines (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_the_Philippines) (7 P) Cosmetics companies of Poland (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Poland) (2 P) Cosmetics companies of Portugal (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Portugal) (1 P) R Cosmetics companies of Russia (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Russia) (3 P) S Cosmetics companies of South Korea (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_South_Korea) (1 C, 10 P) Cosmetics companies of Spain (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Spain) (1 P) Cosmetics companies of Sweden (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Sweden) (2 P) Cosmetics companies of Switzerland (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Switzerland) (3 P) T Cosmetics companies of Thailand (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Thailand) (4 P) Cosmetics companies of Trinidad and Tobago (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago) (1 P) Cosmetics companies of Turkey (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Turkey) (2 P) U Cosmetics companies of Uganda (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Uganda) (1 P) Cosmetics companies of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom) (26 P) Cosmetics companies of the United States (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_the_United_States) (7 C, 91 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cosmetics_companies_by_country&oldid=833658478 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cosmetics_companies_by_country&oldid=833658478) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cosmetics companies (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies) Companies by industry and country (/wiki/Category:Companies_by_industry_and_country) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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Models (/wiki/Model_(person)) who identify with a gender that is outside of the gender binary (/wiki/Gender_binary) ( non-binary (/wiki/Non-binary_gender) or genderqueer). Non-binary gender identities include agender (/wiki/Agender) and bigender (/wiki/Bigender) . This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:Models (/wiki/Category:Models) . It includes models that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐jg6qc Cached time: 20240719205258 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.049 seconds Real time usage: 0.062 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 56/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1702/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 176/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2310/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.028/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627769/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 51.985 1 Template:Non-diffusing_subcategory 100.00% 51.985 1 -total 88.61% 46.064 1 Template:Cmbox 7.13% 3.708 1 Template:Single_namespace 3.09% 1.605 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:61145833-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719205258 and revision id 1194001533. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Non-binary models" The following 33 pages are in this category, out of 33 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Fin Argus (/wiki/Fin_Argus) C Violet Chachki (/wiki/Violet_Chachki) Kat Cunning (/wiki/Kat_Cunning) D Cara Delevingne (/wiki/Cara_Delevingne) Sushant Divgikar (/wiki/Sushant_Divgikar) Rain Dove (/wiki/Rain_Dove) F Ari Fitz (/wiki/Ari_Fitz) G River Gallo (/wiki/River_Gallo) Flora Gionest-Roussy (/wiki/Flora_Gionest-Roussy) Tamy Glauser (/wiki/Tamy_Glauser) H Ericka Hart (/wiki/Ericka_Hart) Cory Wade Hindorff (/wiki/Cory_Wade_Hindorff) K Janae Kroc (/wiki/Janae_Kroc) L Shaneel Lal (/wiki/Shaneel_Lal) Robyn Lambird (/wiki/Robyn_Lambird) Pauli Lovejoy (/wiki/Pauli_Lovejoy) LustSickPuppy (/wiki/LustSickPuppy) M Bobbi Salvör Menuez (/wiki/Bobbi_Salv%C3%B6r_Menuez) Rose Montoya (/wiki/Rose_Montoya) Indya Moore (/wiki/Indya_Moore) O Hanne Gaby Odiele (/wiki/Hanne_Gaby_Odiele) P Bárbara Paz (/wiki/B%C3%A1rbara_Paz) R Ruby Rose (/wiki/Ruby_Rose) Ryuchell (/wiki/Ryuchell) S Patruni Sastry (/wiki/Patruni_Sastry) Richie Shazam (/wiki/Richie_Shazam) Octavia St. Laurent (/wiki/Octavia_St._Laurent) Amandla Stenberg (/wiki/Amandla_Stenberg) Courtney Stodden (/wiki/Courtney_Stodden) Alin Szewczyk (/wiki/Alin_Szewczyk) T Lio Tipton (/wiki/Lio_Tipton) Nico Tortorella (/wiki/Nico_Tortorella) Y Takayuki Yanagi (/wiki/Takayuki_Yanagi) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Non-binary_models&oldid=1194001533 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Non-binary_models&oldid=1194001533) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Non-binary people by occupation (/wiki/Category:Non-binary_people_by_occupation) LGBT models (/wiki/Category:LGBT_models) Hidden category: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories)
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French couturier For the Canadian ice hockey player, see Lloyd Klein (ice hockey) (/wiki/Lloyd_Klein_(ice_hockey)) . Lloyd Klein Born Lloyd David Klein [1] (#cite_note-akiko-1) Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) , Quebec (/wiki/Quebec) , Canada Labels Lloyd Klein Couture (/wiki/Lloyd_Klein_Couture) LKLA Website lloydklein (http://lloydklein.com) .com (http://lloydklein.com) Lloyd David Klein [1] (#cite_note-akiko-1) is a French couturier (/wiki/Couturier) born in Canada. His fashion label is Lloyd Klein Couture. Career [ edit ] Klein was born in Montreal (/wiki/Montreal) , Quebec, Canada, to French parents and was raised in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , France. [2] (#cite_note-vesilind-2) He studied architecture at the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs (/wiki/%C3%89cole_Nationale_Sup%C3%A9rieure_des_Arts_D%C3%A9coratifs) , and worked in an architect's practice in New York. [1] (#cite_note-akiko-1) He returned to Paris [1] (#cite_note-akiko-1) and switched to studying fashion after seeing a Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) runway show; [3] (#cite_note-moore-3) he presented a prêt-à-porter (/wiki/Pr%C3%AAt-%C3%A0-porter) collection in October 1987. [1] (#cite_note-akiko-1) Klein's first runway show was at the Opéra-Comique de Paris (/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Comique_de_Paris) in 1994. [3] (#cite_note-moore-3) Not long after, he was appointed head designer for the house of Grès (/wiki/Gr%C3%A8s) . He then started his own label. In 1998 he moved his business to the United States. [3] (#cite_note-moore-3) He opened premises in the Heinsbergen Decorating Company Building (/wiki/Heinsbergen_Decorating_Company_Building) on Beverly Boulevard (/wiki/Beverly_Boulevard) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [ unreliable source? ] In 2012 Klein started marketing sportswear for men and women under the label LKLA. [5] (#cite_note-5) In August 2013 a collaboration between Klein and eyewear manufacturer Ivory Mason was announced. [6] (#cite_note-6) Among those who have worn clothes designed by Klein are: Natalie Cole (/wiki/Natalie_Cole) , [7] (#cite_note-7) Paula Abdul (/wiki/Paula_Abdul) , [8] (#cite_note-8) [ unreliable source? ] Tara Reid (/wiki/Tara_Reid) , [9] (#cite_note-9) Marissa Miller (/wiki/Marissa_Miller) , [10] (#cite_note-10) Dita von Teese (/wiki/Dita_von_Teese) , [11] (#cite_note-11) [ unreliable source? ] Brandy Norwood (/wiki/Brandy_Norwood) (in " It All Belongs To Me (/wiki/It_All_Belongs_To_Me) ") [12] (#cite_note-12) [ unreliable source? ] and Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) (in " Your Love (/wiki/Your_Love_(Nicki_Minaj_song)) "). [13] (#cite_note-13) Life [ edit ] In February 2004 Klein was badly injured in a car crash outside Paris, and was in coma (/wiki/Coma) for two days. His planned runway show at the New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) was cancelled as a result. [14] (#cite_note-14) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Akiko Nakajima (1994). Invitation Cards: the Paris Collections . Tokyo: P.I.E. Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9784938586560 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784938586560) . p. 193. ^ (#cite_ref-vesilind_2-0) Emili Vesilind (December 6, 2006). Lloyd Klein’s Homage to Elegance in L.A (http://www.wwd.com/retail-news/retail-features/lloyd-klein-s-homage-to-elegance-in-l-a-514634?full=true) . Women's Wear Daily. (subscription required) ^ Jump up to: a b c Booth Moore (January 6, 2007). Designs on L.A (http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jan/06/entertainment/et-notebook6) . Los Angeles Times . Accessed December 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-4) N. Jayne Seward (March 26, 2010). A Parisian Afternoon at Lloyd Klein (https://web.archive.org/web/20100612125202/http://www.apparelnews.net/blog/797_a_parisian_afternoon_at_lloyd_klein.html) . California Apparel News.net. Archived June 21, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Erin Weinger (March 2012). A Look That Could Save L.A. Fashion (http://www.palmspringslife.com/Palm-Springs-Life/March-2012/A-Look-That-Could-Save-LA-Fashion) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053640/http://www.palmspringslife.com/Palm-Springs-Life/March-2012/A-Look-That-Could-Save-LA-Fashion/) 2013-09-21 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) . Palm Springs Life . Accessed January 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Danielle Directo-Meston (August 29, 2013). LA's Lloyd Klein Collabs with Retro Specs Line Ivory+Mason (http://la.racked.com/archives/2013/08/29/las_lloyd_klein_collabs_with_retro_specs_line_ivorymason.php) . Racked LA . Accessed January 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-7) WENN (10 September 2009). "Cole Returns To Stage After Kidney Transplant" (http://www.contactmusic.com/news/cole-returns-to-stage-after-kidney-transplant_1115639) . contactmusic.com. Accessed January 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "paulafan.net" (https://archive.today/20110713104003/http://www.paulafan.net/gallery/thumbnails.php?album=395) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Celeb Fashion Hit or Miss? – Tara Reid (http://www.peoplestylewatch.com/people/stylewatch/gallery/0,,20042403_9,00.html#20062297) . People.com. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Lloyd Klein | Ali On The Go" (http://www.alionthego.com/2010/08/09/lloyd-klein/) . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Elegance Above All | A conversation with Lloyd Klein (https://web.archive.org/web/20140425095953/http://renata-and-jonathan.blogspot.com/2012/12/elegance-above-all-conversation-with.html) . Renata and Jonathan blog. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Monica & Brandy “It All Belongs To Me” Video Fashion Round-Up" (http://www.realitytvfashion.com/2012/05/monica-brandy-it-all-belongs-to-me-video-fashion) . Reality TV Fashion & Style | Basketball Wives, Real Housewives of Atlanta, Love & Hip Hop, Being Mary Jane, & More . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Look By Look: The Complete Fashion Breakdown Of Nicki Minaj's New Video 'Your Love'" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100725003325/http://style.mtv.com/2010/07/22/nicki-minaj-your-love/) . Style . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "USATODAY.com - Designer Lloyd Klein injured in car wreck" (http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2004-02-10-lloyd-klein_x.htm) . 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British fashion model Adwoa Aboah Aboah at the 2019 British Fashion Awards (/wiki/British_Fashion_Awards) Born Adwoa Caitlin Maria Aboah ( 1992-05-18 ) 18 May 1992 (age 32) Westminster, London, England [2] (#cite_note-2) Alma mater Brunel University (/wiki/Brunel_University_London) Parent(s) Charles Aboah Camilla Lowther (/wiki/Camilla_Lowther) Relatives Kesewa Aboah (/wiki/Kesewa_Aboah) (sister) Anthony Lowther, Viscount Lowther (/wiki/Anthony_Lowther,_Viscount_Lowther) (great-grandfather) Modelling information Height 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) Hair colour Red-brown Eye colour Brown Agency DNA Models (/w/index.php?title=DNA_Models&action=edit&redlink=1) (New York City) VIVA Model Management (/wiki/VIVA_Model_Management) (Paris, Barcelona) TESS Management (London) [1] (#cite_note-1) Adwoa Caitlin Maria Aboah [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) (born 18 May 1992) is a British fashion model and actress. In December 2017 she appeared on the cover of British Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(British_magazine)) . [5] (#cite_note-5) She has also been on the cover of American Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) , Vogue Poland (/wiki/Vogue_Poland) , and i-D (/wiki/I-D) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2017, the fashion industry voted her as Model of the Year for models.com. [9] (#cite_note-9) She is the founder of Gurls Talk, a platform that provides resources and a safe space for young women and girls to discuss Mental Health. [10] (#cite_note-10) Early life and family [ edit ] Adwoa Aboah was born in Westminster (/wiki/Westminster,_London) , London, England, to Charles Aboah and Camilla Lowther (/wiki/Camilla_Lowther) . [11] (#cite_note-herald-11) The name Adwoa (/wiki/Adwoa) means "born on Monday" (she was born on a Monday) in the Twi language (/wiki/Twi_language) of the Ashanti Region (/wiki/Ashanti_Region) . [12] (#cite_note-12) The Lowther family, headed by the Earl of Lonsdale (/wiki/Earl_of_Lonsdale) , are members of the British nobility (/wiki/British_nobility) . Aboah's maternal great-grandfather was Anthony Lowther, Viscount Lowther (/wiki/Anthony_Lowther,_Viscount_Lowther) . Aboah is a second cousin of Matilda Lowther (/wiki/Matilda_Lowther) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Her granduncle was James Lowther, 7th Earl of Lonsdale (/wiki/James_Lowther,_7th_Earl_of_Lonsdale) . [11] (#cite_note-herald-11) Her father was born and raised in Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) , and immigrated to England. [14] (#cite_note-14) Through him, she is related to the Ghanaian politician William Kwasi Aboah (/wiki/William_Kwasi_Aboah) . Both Aboah's parents are involved in the fashion industry, as a location scout and photography agent, respectively. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) Her sister Kesewa Aboah (/wiki/Kesewa_Aboah) is also a model. Educated at Millfield (/wiki/Millfield) , Aboah later graduated from Brunel University (/wiki/Brunel_University) in 2013, with a bachelor's degree (/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree) in Modern Drama (/wiki/Drama) . [18] (#cite_note-18) Career [ edit ] Adwoa Aboah on noughties fashion, Jeremy Scott and LA – LOVE (/wiki/LOVE_(magazine)) 2017 At (5 ft 8) [19] (#cite_note-vogue.fr-19) Aboah has modelled for Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) , [20] (#cite_note-20) DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) , Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) , [21] (#cite_note-21) Theory (/wiki/Theory_(clothing_retailer)) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , [22] (#cite_note-22) Aldo (/wiki/Aldo_Group) , [23] (#cite_note-23) Versus (Versace) (/wiki/Versus_(Versace)) , Topshop (/wiki/Topshop) , [24] (#cite_note-24) Fenty (/wiki/Rihanna) x Puma (/wiki/Puma_SE) , [25] (#cite_note-25) Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo) , Simone Rocha (/wiki/Simone_Rocha) , and Erdem (/wiki/Erdem_Moral%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu) among others. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) She was previously signed to The Lions (/wiki/The_Lions_(agency)) but sued the agency for damages after they allegedly withheld $190,000 of her earnings. [32] (#cite_note-32) Outside of modelling, Aboah had performed some short-films and music videos and in 2017 she landed her first Hollywood role as Lia in the 2017 Hollywood adaptation (/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell_(2017_film)) of the Japanese manga Ghost in the Shell (/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell_(manga)) . [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) After her own personal struggles with sobriety and a concern over the lack of mental-health resources for young women, In 2017 Aboah launched an organisation for young women called Gurls Talk. [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) During the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) Aboah created the '#CreativeTogether' initiative, with the hope that creativity could be a way to connect people and combat some of the anxiety surrounding the lockdown. [38] (#cite_note-38) She was featured in a 2018 commercial for Revlon's PhotoReady Insta-Filter Foundation. [39] (#cite_note-39) Aboah was named British GQ's 'Woman of the Year' for 2017. [40] (#cite_note-40) In 2017, Aboah made $1 million in modeling contracts alone. [41] (#cite_note-41) In 2018, she was listed on the list of top 50 female models by models.com. [42] (#cite_note-42) and was one of fifteen women selected to appear on the cover of the September 2019 issue of British Vogue (/wiki/British_Vogue) , by guest editor Meghan, Duchess of Sussex (/wiki/Meghan,_Duchess_of_Sussex) . [43] (#cite_note-IT-2019-07-31-43) She is also a British Vogue contributing editor. [44] (#cite_note-44) 2020 saw Aboah listed for the first time on the Powerlist (/wiki/Powerlist) of the most influential Black British people across all industries. [45] (#cite_note-45) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2011 To Get Her Emily Mateo Film 2017 Ghost in the Shell (/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell_(2017_film)) Lia Film 2022 Willow (/wiki/Willow_(TV_series)) Scorpia TV series - 2 episodes 2022–2023 Top Boy (/wiki/Top_Boy) Becks TV series - 8 episodes 2024 RuPaul's Drag Race: UK vs. the World (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race:_UK_vs._the_World) Herself (Guest judge) TV series - 1 episode ( Series 2 (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race:_UK_vs._the_World_(series_2)) ) Personal life [ edit ] Aboah has suffered from depression and drug addiction and is now sober. [46] (#cite_note-discusses_battle-46) [47] (#cite_note-Opens_Up-47) She self-medicated with drugs from a young age due to depression and bipolar disorders. [19] (#cite_note-vogue.fr-19) [46] (#cite_note-discusses_battle-46) She attempted suicide by overdose in 2015, at a rehab centre in London, which resulted in a four-day coma before recovering in a psychiatric hospital. [47] (#cite_note-Opens_Up-47) Aboah is expecting her first child in 2024, which she officially revealed at the Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) . [48] (#cite_note-48) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Adwoa Aboah - Model" (https://models.com/models/adwoa-aboah) . MODELS.com . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Adwoa Aboah - Births & Baptisms [1] - Genes Reunited" (https://www.genesreunited.co.uk/search/results?sourcecategory=birthsutf002c%20marriages%20utf0026%20deaths&collection=births%20utf0026%20baptisms&firstname=adwoa&lastname=aboah®ion=great%20britain) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Adwoa Caitlin Maria ABOAH – Personal Appointments (free information from Companies House)" (https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/bHBiTYLJG_Ap9kqey2gKaj7ywc0/appointments) . Companies House, Government of the United Kingdom. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Adwoa Aboah" (https://www.findmypast.com/transcript?id=192/ABOAH/ADWOA/W11/1096774303) . findmypast.com . Retrieved 15 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Theodosi, Natalie (7 November 2017). "Adwoa Aboah Fronts Edward Enninful's First Issue of British Vogue" (http://wwd.com/business-news/media/adwoa-aboah-fronts-enninfuls-first-issue-british-vogue-11043920/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 17 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Girl Crush: Adwoa Aboah" (http://www.vogue.it/en/fashion/models/2016/04/12/girl-crush-adwoa-aboah/) . Vogue (in Italian). 12 April 2016 . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "get the first look at i-D's female gaze issue! | read | i-D" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052434/https://i-d.vice.com/en_gb/article/get-the-first-look-at-i-ds-female-gaze-issue) . i-D . Archived from the original (https://i-d.vice.com/en_gb/article/get-the-first-look-at-i-ds-female-gaze-issue) on 20 March 2017 . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Ashley Graham, Liu Wen, and More Vogue March 2017 Cover Models' Beauty Secrets" (http://www.vogue.com/article/ashley-graham-liu-wen-vogue-march-2017-cover-models-beauty-tips) . Vogue . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Model of the Year Awards 2017 | models.com MDX" (https://models.com/mdx/model-of-the-year-awards-2017/) . MODELS.com . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Adwoa Aboah Isn't Afraid to Have the Hard Conversations" (https://www.wmagazine.com/life/adwoa-aboah-gurls-talk-podcast-mental-health-interview) . wmagazine.com . 10 October 2023 . Retrieved 20 October 2023 . ^ a b "Woman with great literary mind" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180110114658/http://www.cwherald.com/a/archive/woman-with-great-literary-mind.167321.html) . Cumberland and Westmorland Herald (/wiki/Cumberland_and_Westmorland_Herald) . 11 January 2003. Archived from the original (http://www.cwherald.com/a/archive/woman-with-great-literary-mind.167321.html) on 10 January 2018 . Retrieved 9 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Adwoa Aboah, Hailey Baldwin, Dilone And More... The Topshop Models Told Us What Their Names Mean To Them" (http://www.topshop.com/blog/2017/09/adwoa-aboah-hailey-baldwin-dilone-topshop-models-told-us-names-mean) . Topshop. 18 September 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "MATILDA LOWTHER" (https://www.5elevenmag.com/post/matilda-lowther) . 5eleven Magazine . 12 February 2019. Industry wise I admire my cousin Adwoa Aboah for being a badass and speaking up about what she believes in. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Adwoa Aboah felt "emotional" returning to Ghana for new Burberry campaign" (https://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/style-beauty/adwoa-aboah-felt-emotional-returning-to-ghana-for-new-burberry-campaign-14777215) . www.iol.co.za . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Camilla Lowther | #BoF500 | The Business of Fashion" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/camilla-lowther) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Location, Location, Location" (http://wwd.com/eye/people/location-location-location-743356/) . Women's Wear Daily . 3 December 2002 . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Branch, Kate (7 April 2018). "Adwoa Aboah Is Changing What a Supermodel Looks Like—One Fashion Campaign at a Time" (https://www.vogue.com/article/adwoa-aboah-model-shaved-head-feminist-gurls-talk-armani-fragrance-si-passione) . Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Adwoa Aboah opens up about feeling unattractive, drug addiction and her new mental health project" (https://www.standard.co.uk/fashion/news/adwoa-aboah-opens-up-about-feeling-unattractive-drug-addiction-and-her-new-mental-health-project-a3591516.html) . London Evening Standard . 20 July 2017. ^ a b "Everything you've always wanted to know about Adwoa Aboah" (https://www.vogue.fr/fashion/profile/story/everything-youve-always-wanted-to-know-about-adwoa-aboah-british-model-vogue-edward-enniful-profile/3405) . Vogue France (in French). 13 July 2018 . Retrieved 19 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "The Cultish Backstage Product Behind Fendi's Cool Girl Hair" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170319143731/http://www.vogue.com/article/milan-fashion-week-fall-2017-ready-to-wear-fendi-backstage-beauty-cool-girl-hair) . Vogue . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/article/milan-fashion-week-fall-2017-ready-to-wear-fendi-backstage-beauty-cool-girl-hair) on 19 March 2017 . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Chia, Jessica. "Alexander Wang Is Bringing Back the Ultimate Throwback Tee" (http://www.allure.com/story/alexander-wang-spring-2017-backstage-beauty) . Allure . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Adwoa Aboah has all her sisters with her | H&M CN" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052138/http://www2.hm.com/en_cn/life/culture/top-model-secrets/adwoa-aboah-has-all-her-sisters-with-her.html) . H&M . Archived from the original (http://www2.hm.com/en_cn/life/culture/top-model-secrets/adwoa-aboah-has-all-her-sisters-with-her.html) on 20 March 2017 . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Aldo F/W 2014 (Aldo Shoes)" (https://models.com/work/aldo-aldo-fw-2014/291427) . MODELS.com . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) McCarthy, Lauren. "Lottie Moss, Lily Donaldson, Adwoa Aboah and More It Models Hit the Topshop Runway" (http://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/topshop-fall-2017-lottie-moss-lily-donaldson) . W Magazine . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "A Look at Rihanna's Fenty for Puma Collection" (https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2016/09/28/fashion/rihanna-fenty-puma-collection-paris-fashion-week/s/RIHANNA-SS-PARIS-WEB-04.html) . The New York Times . 28 September 2016. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Kendall Jenner Calvin Klein Spring 2016 Campaign" (http://www.fashiongonerogue.com/kendall-jenner-calvin-klein-spring-2016-campaign/adwoa-aboah-calvin-klein-spring-2016-campaign/) . Fashion Gone Rogue . 27 January 2016 . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "The Lions" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190404113702/http://www.thelionsny.com/story/736/) . www.thelionsny.com . Archived from the original (https://www.thelionsny.com/story/736/) on 4 April 2019 . Retrieved 22 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Adwoa Aboah (top) in the Roberto Cavalli Fall/Winter 2016–17 Advertising Campaign" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170320054542/https://gma.yahoo.com/photos/adwoa-aboah-top-roberto-cavalli-fall-winter-2016-photo-124001375.html) . Yahoo . Archived from the original (https://gma.yahoo.com/photos/adwoa-aboah-top-roberto-cavalli-fall-winter-2016-photo-124001375.html) on 20 March 2017 . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Terrific Tulle and the Return of the Supers On Day 2 Of LFW" (http://www.elleuk.com/fashion/news/a34144/london-fashion-week-aw17-versus-molly-goddard-house-of-holland/) . ELLE UK . 19 February 2017 . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Simone Rocha Proves the Runway Has No Age Limit" (http://www.vogue.com/article/london-fashion-week-fall-2017-ready-to-wear-simone-rocha-vintage-models) . Vogue . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Bennett, Elizabeth. "Meet The Model of the Moment: Adwoa Aboah" (http://lifestyle.one/grazia/fashion/news/adwoa-aboah/) . Grazia . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Adwoa Aboah Sues Modeling Agency Claiming She Wasn't Paid Nearly $190,000" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/adwoa-aboah-sues-modeling-agency) . Teen Vogue . 23 March 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-33) Desta, Yohana. "Get a Moody First Look at Scarlett Johansson in Ghost in the Shell" (https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/09/scarlett-johansson-ghost-in-the-shell-teasers) . HWD . Retrieved 17 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Adwoa Aboah" (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4205851/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0) . IMDb . Retrieved 17 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "About" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170309171715/http://www.gurlstalk.com/about) . Gurls Talk . Archived from the original (http://www.gurlstalk.com/about/) on 9 March 2017 . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Adwoa Aboah Is the Fashion Activist Our Industry Needs" (http://www.elle.com/fashion/news/a41777/who-is-adwoa-aboah/) . ELLE . 4 January 2017 . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Why Model Adwoa Aboah Has Girls Talking" (http://www.vogue.com/article/model-adwoa-aboah-feminist-rising-star) . Vogue . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Petter, Oliver (26 March 2020). "Adwoa Aboah launches #CopingTogether scheme to encourage creativity during lockdown" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/coronavirus-adwoa-aboah-coping-together-lockdown-instagram-creativity-a9426676.html) . The Independent . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200327172603/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/coronavirus-adwoa-aboah-coping-together-lockdown-instagram-creativity-a9426676.html) from the original on 27 March 2020 . Retrieved 17 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) revlon (12 February 2018). "Look Picture Perfect with Revlon's PhotoReady Insta-Filter Foundation – Revlon" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEN8s2DW6tM) – via YouTube. ^ (#cite_ref-40) Heaf, Jonathan (19 October 2017). "Adwoa Aboah: 'We've broken the ice, now it's about continuing to speak up – loudly' (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/adwoa-aboah-gurls-talk-interview) " (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/adwoa-aboah-gurls-talk-interview) . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Adwoa Aboah" (https://www.forbes.com/nft-profile/adwoa-aboah/) . Forbes . Retrieved 19 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Adwoa Aboah" (https://models.com/models/adwoa-aboah) . MODELS.com . Retrieved 22 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-IT-2019-07-31_43-0) "Meghan Markle puts Sinéad Burke on the cover of Vogue's September issue" (https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/fashion/meghan-markle-puts-sinéad-burke-on-the-cover-of-vogue-s-september-issue-1.3970604) . The Irish Times . Retrieved 31 July 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Adwoa Aboah Debuts Column in British Vogue's January 2018 Issue" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/adwoa-aboah-british-vogue-gurls-talk-column) . Teen Vogue . 6 December 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-45) Motune, Vic (29 October 2019). "Powerlist 2020 reveals Britain's most influential black people" (https://www.voice-online.co.uk/news/uk-news/2019/10/29/powerlist-2020-reveals-britains-most-influential-black-people/) . Voice Online . Retrieved 17 April 2020 . ^ a b Dazed (27 April 2016). "Model Adwoa Aboah discusses battle with depression and drugs" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/30917/1/adwoa-aboah-reveals-battle-with-depression-and-drugs) . Dazed . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ a b "Vogue Cover Model Opens Up About Drug Addiction And Suicide Attempt" (http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/vogue-cover-model-adwoa-aboah-opens-up-about-drug-addiction-and-suicide-attempt_uk_571f8e09e4b06bf544e0cc09) . HuffPost . 26 April 2016 . Retrieved 19 March 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-48) Jackson, Hannah (7 May 2024). "Adwoa Aboah Revealed Her Pregnancy at the 2024 Met Gala" (https://www.vogue.com/article/adwoa-aboah-reveals-her-pregnancy-at-the-2024-met-gala) . Vogue . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adwoa Aboah (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Adwoa_Aboah) . 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Annual fundraising gala held in New York City This article is about the fundraising gala for the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute. For the Metropolitan Opera gala, see Met Gala (opera) (/wiki/Met_Gala_(opera)) . Met Gala The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) , on the Upper East Side (/wiki/Upper_East_Side_(Manhattan)) of Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) Genre Fundraising gala, contribution of $75,000 per seat to enter the 2024 Met Gala Frequency Annual, held on the first Monday of May [1] (#cite_note-1) Venue Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) , Costume Institute (/wiki/Costume_Institute) Location(s) Fifth Avenue (/wiki/Fifth_Avenue) , Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , New York City Country United States Years active 1948–present [2] (#cite_note-2) Founder Eleanor Lambert (/wiki/Eleanor_Lambert) Most recent May 6, 2024 ( 2024-05-06 ) Next event May 5, 2025 ( 2025-05-05 ) Organized by Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) Website The Costume Institute (https://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/the-costume-institute) The Gala was founded in 1946, and the first major event was held in 1948. [3] (#cite_note-3) The Met Gala , formally called the Costume Institute Benefit , is the annual haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) fundraising festival (/wiki/Festival) held for the benefit of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) 's Costume Institute (/wiki/Costume_Institute) in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) . The Met Gala is popularly regarded as the world's most prestigious and glamorous (/wiki/Glamour_(presentation)) fashion event (/wiki/Fashion#Fashion_trends) . Fashion stars and models are able to express themselves by their fit according to the theme and social gathering and is known as "fashion's biggest night"; [4] (#cite_note-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight1-4) [5] (#cite_note-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight2-5) an invitation is highly sought after. Personalities who are perceived to be culturally relevant to contemporary society (/wiki/Society) amongst various professional spheres, including fashion (/wiki/Fashion_District,_New_York_City) , film (/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City#Film) , television (/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City#Television) , music (/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City) , theater (/wiki/Broadway_theatre) , business (/wiki/Wall_Street) , sports (/wiki/Sports_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area) , social media (/wiki/Social_media) , and politics (/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_City) , are invited to attend the Met Gala, [6] (#cite_note-Annie_Brown-6) organized by the fashion magazine Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . The entry price for one ticket has risen to US$75,000 in 2024, an increase from $50,000 in 2023, to attend the annual gala in the world's principal financial center (/wiki/Financial_center) and fashion capital (/wiki/Fashion_capital) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [7] (#cite_note-MetGalaAttendancePriceIncreasing-7) [8] (#cite_note-NYCFinancialCapitalWorld-8) The Gala is an event held annually on the first Monday of May, [9] (#cite_note-MetGalaMostFamousFashionEventWorld-9) which marks the opening of the Costume Institute's annual fashion exhibit hosted on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. (/wiki/Upper_East_Side) [10] (#cite_note-metmuseum.org-10) Many of the attendees are depicted on the covers and pages of Vogue . Each year's event celebrates the specific theme of that year's Costume Institute exhibition, which sets the tone for the formal attire (/wiki/Formal_attire) of the night. Guests are expected to curate (/wiki/Curator) their fashions to match the theme of the annual exhibit, generally in haute couture. Fashion executive Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , who is the editor-in-chief (/wiki/Editor-in-chief) of Vogue , has chaired or co-chaired the Met Gala since 1995, except for the 1996 Met Gala, which was chaired by Wintour's successor at British (/wiki/British_Vogue) Vogue , Liz Tilberis (/wiki/Liz_Tilberis) , who attended with her friend Diana, Princess of Wales (/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Over time, the Met Gala has evolved beyond the New York fashion epicenter to become increasingly global and diverse in its perspective and scope. History [ edit ] Supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) poses for photographers as per protocol prior to ascending the famous Met Gala stairs. The Met Gala was established in 1948 by fashion (/wiki/Fashion) publicist Eleanor Lambert (/wiki/Eleanor_Lambert) as a fundraiser (/wiki/Fundraiser) for the newly founded Costume Institute (/wiki/Costume_Institute) to mark the opening of its annual exhibit. The first gala comprised a dinner, and tickets were 50 dollars each. [12] (#cite_note-Chilton-12) Over the first few decades of its existence, the Gala was simply one of many annual benefits held for New York charitable institutions (/wiki/Charitable_organization) . Accordingly, the attendees of the early Galas were almost entirely members of New York high society (/wiki/High_society_(social_class)) or the city's fashion industry (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . From 1948 to 1971, the event was held at various Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) venues, including the Waldorf Astoria (/wiki/Waldorf_Astoria_New_York) , Central Park (/wiki/Central_Park) , and the Rainbow Room (/wiki/Rainbow_Room) . [13] (#cite_note-Architectural_Digest-13) When Diana Vreeland (/wiki/Diana_Vreeland) became consultant (/wiki/Consultant) to the Costume Institute in 1972, the Gala began to evolve into a more global and glamorous affair, although one that was still aimed at the local New York high-societal set. [14] (#cite_note-14) The event started to become higher profile celebrity-oriented with attendees like Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) , Andy Warhol (/wiki/Andy_Warhol) , Bianca Jagger (/wiki/Bianca_Jagger) , Diana Ross (/wiki/Diana_Ross) , Elton John (/wiki/Elton_John) , Liza Minnelli (/wiki/Liza_Minnelli) , Madonna (/wiki/Madonna_(singer)) , Barbra Streisand (/wiki/Barbra_Streisand) , and Cher (/wiki/Cher) intermixing with the city's elite. [13] (#cite_note-Architectural_Digest-13) It was during the Vreeland years that the Gala was first held at the Met and that Gala themes were introduced. [13] (#cite_note-Architectural_Digest-13) The Met Gala has since evolved to become widely regarded as the most prominent, glamorous (/wiki/Glamour_(presentation)) , and exclusive social event in the world. It is also one of the biggest fundraising nights in New York City, with US$9 million raised in 2013, $12 million the following year, and a record $17.4 million by 2022. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) The Met Gala is one of the most notable sources of funding for the Institute, [19] (#cite_note-19) with total contributions surpassing $200 million for the first time after the 2019 event. Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , the chairperson of the event, assumed the chairmanship of the Institute in 1995. Her guest list grew to include celebrities globally from the worlds of fashion, entertainment, business, sports, and politics who would eventually grace the pages of Vogue . [6] (#cite_note-Annie_Brown-6) Since 1948, the Met Gala has occurred consecutively each year, except in 1957, 2000, and 2002. The 2020 Met Gala was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . [20] (#cite_note-20) The Gala resumed in 2021, but was held in September rather than in May that year. [21] (#cite_note-21) In 2022, the Gala returned to holding its traditional May ceremony. [22] (#cite_note-22) Present day [ edit ] Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , who has been invited on the Met Gala's guest list fourteen times, was a co-host of the haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) Met Gala in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) on Monday, May 6, 2024, with a theme of Sleeping Beauties: Reawakening Fashion (/wiki/Sleeping_Beauties:_Reawakening_Fashion) . The Met Costume Institute Gala is a globally renowned, haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) fundraising (/wiki/Fundraising) spectacle that serves as an opening celebration for the Institute's annual fashion exhibit. [23] (#cite_note-23) [24] (#cite_note-FL-24) Following the event, the exhibition runs for several months. For example, the 2014 exhibition was scheduled to run from May 8 until August 10, 2014. [25] (#cite_note-CJ-25) The affair, attended by personalities from the arts (/wiki/The_arts) , fashion, high-society, film, and music, has been held at the Met since 1948 [26] (#cite_note-26) and is considered to be the global fashion industry's premier annual red carpet (/wiki/Red_carpet) event, and as such, promote haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) themes and styles. [24] (#cite_note-FL-24) [27] (#cite_note-nytlambertobittrebay-27) [28] (#cite_note-TCBG-28) [29] (#cite_note-nyt2008-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) The event’s red carpet fashions are widely photographed, reviewed, critiqued, and emulated. [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) [34] (#cite_note-34) The museum is closed to the general public on the first Monday of May to facilitate the Gala's festivities. [35] (#cite_note-35) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , the editor-in-chief (/wiki/Editor-in-chief) of Vogue and the lead chairperson (/wiki/Chairman) of the Gala event since 1995 (excluding 1996 and 1998), oversees both the benefit committee and the guest list, with Vogue staffers helping to assemble the list of invitees. [10] (#cite_note-metmuseum.org-10) [28] (#cite_note-TCBG-28) In 2014, the individual tickets cost US$30,000 for those outside the official guest list, after prices were raised by $10,000 to increase the exclusivity of the event. [36] (#cite_note-36) [28] (#cite_note-TCBG-28) [37] (#cite_note-37) The annual guest list is limited to approximately 650 or 700 people. [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-TWB-39) Starting in the 2020s, the Met Gala has started including social-media influencers (/wiki/Influencer) . [40] (#cite_note-40) The cost of a seat per guest to attend the Met Gala rose to US$50,000 by 2023, [9] (#cite_note-MetGalaMostFamousFashionEventWorld-9) and to $75,000 in 2024. [7] (#cite_note-MetGalaAttendancePriceIncreasing-7) The 2015 Gala and its theme of " China (/wiki/China) : Through the Looking Glass" became the subject of a documentary— The First Monday in May (/wiki/The_First_Monday_in_May) , directed by Andrew Rossi (/wiki/Andrew_Rossi) and produced by Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) Entertainment, Vogue , and Relativity Studios. [41] (#cite_note-41) 225 approved photographers, reporters, and social media (/wiki/Social_media) participants documented the event for the documentary. [42] (#cite_note-42) All other attendees were forbidden from using social media at the event. [43] (#cite_note-43) Guests received notices about the restriction of selfies (/wiki/Selfie) and social media inside the gala. [44] (#cite_note-44) The no-selfie ordinance was extended to the following editions of the Met Gala. Despite the existing "No Selfie (/wiki/Selfie) Rule," celebrities including Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) , Dakota Johnson (/wiki/Dakota_Johnson) , and Kylie Jenner (/wiki/Kylie_Jenner) have started the tradition of taking an annual selfie in the Met bathroom. These pictures have become viral for their eclectic grouping of celebrities who are rarely seen in the same room as each other. A no-smoking (/wiki/Smoking_ban) rule had to be added to the Met Gala bathroom after images of Bella Hadid (/wiki/Bella_Hadid) surfaced smoking in the Met bathroom in 2017, the rule enforced for public health (/wiki/Public_health) and safety reasons. [45] (#cite_note-45) The bathroom has become a place of celebrities coming together to socialize more casually outside the formality of the red carpet and where fans worldwide eagerly await an online glimpse into the Met bathroom every year. [46] (#cite_note-46) As of 2018, Wintour announced that guests may not be allowed to attend the gala before the age of 18. [47] (#cite_note-47) In the Met Gala of 2021, K-pop (/wiki/K-pop) girlgroup BLACKPINK Rosé had finally made her debut with a custom Little Black Dress. She was also one of the first Korean artists to joined the event. The 2024 Met Gala took place on Monday, May 6, hosted by Anna Wintour with co-hosts Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , Zendaya (/wiki/Zendaya) , Chris Hemsworth (/wiki/Chris_Hemsworth) , and Bad Bunny (/wiki/Bad_Bunny) . [48] (#cite_note-48) Theme [ edit ] The exhibit is assigned a specific theme each year, with guests being expected but not mandated to follow. [49] (#cite_note-49) It includes a cocktail hour and a formal dinner. [50] (#cite_note-50) During the cocktail hour, guests arrive to walk on the red carpet (/wiki/Red_carpet) , tour the year's special themed exhibition, and be seated before the dinner party that includes entertainment from the preeminent entertainers of the day. [39] (#cite_note-TWB-39) The theme not only sets the tone for the annual exhibit, but also for the guests who attempt to dress in conjunction with the theme of the year, oftentimes causing runs on certain fashion themes among the world's leading fashion retailers. [51] (#cite_note-51) [52] (#cite_note-52) Sometimes, such as in 2013, with Punk: Chaos to Couture, the theme given is considered unclear or difficult to follow because it does not provide a clear stylistic directive. At other times, including in 2014, with Charles James (/wiki/Charles_James_(designer)) : Beyond Fashion, the theme may be far more challenging for one gender, as James made clothing intended for women. [53] (#cite_note-53) [54] (#cite_note-54) Although, according to Vogue in 2021 Met Gala: American Fashion, Andrew Bolton was "really impressed by American designers’ responses to the social and political climate, particularly around issues of body inclusivity and gender fluidity (/wiki/Gender_fluid) ". [55] (#cite_note-55) Some other themes throughout the years were In America: An Anthology of Fashion (2022), In America: A Lexicon of Fashion (2021), and About Time: Fashion and Duration (2020). Controversies [ edit ] Models Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) and Stephanie Seymour (/wiki/Stephanie_Seymour) pulled out of attending the 2009 Met Gala at the last minute, in a show of support for designer Azzedine Alaïa (/wiki/Azzedine_Ala%C3%AFa) . [56] (#cite_note-Horyn-56) [57] (#cite_note-57) After discovering that none of his work was included in the Costume Institute exhibit, Alaïa asked the models not to wear the dresses he had designed for them to the Gala and they chose not to attend altogether. Alaïa was well-known for having close relationships with his models, and his exclusion from the "Model as Muse" exhibit was seen as a snub. [58] (#cite_note-58) He criticized Wintour (with whom he had a longtime feud) [59] (#cite_note-59) for having "too much power over this museum." [56] (#cite_note-Horyn-56) In 2014, the theme was "Charles James: Beyond Fashion," when the Met Gala announced a dress code (/wiki/Dress_code) requiring white tie (/wiki/White_tie) , a number of media outlets pointed out the difficulty and expense of obtaining traditional white tie, even for the celebrity (/wiki/Celebrity) guests. [60] (#cite_note-60) [61] (#cite_note-61) The Gala was disturbed by a streaker who wasn't able to make it up the stairs but nevertheless caused a commotion. [62] (#cite_note-62) This was followed by a fight in the elevator at the after party between Solange Knowles (/wiki/Solange_Knowles) and Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) . Security tape showed Solange speaking angrily to Jay-Z (the husband of her sister Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) ) before hitting and kicking him. [63] (#cite_note-Oswald-63) In 2015, the Gala's theme, originally named "Chinese Whispers: Tales of the East in Art, Film and Fashion," was renamed to "China: Through the Looking Glass." [64] (#cite_note-au.complex.com-64) The theme was met with critics saying it was "A reminder of the subtle institutionalized racism that's been compounded by centuries of Asian isolationism across the board, and enduring Western stereotypes exacerbated by ignorance and the meme-able nature of social media." [64] (#cite_note-au.complex.com-64) One of the most criticized actresses was Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) , who wore a headdress which was thought to conform to the Dragon Lady (/wiki/Dragon_Lady) stereotype. [63] (#cite_note-Oswald-63) In October 2017, an episode of James Corden’s Late Late Show aired a segment with Anna Wintour where she announced that the former President Donald J. Trump is banned from the Met Gala. Despite his consecutive appearances from 2004–2012, he becomes the first celebrity to ever be banned from the guest list. [65] (#cite_note-65) The 2018 Gala had a Roman Catholic (/wiki/Roman_Catholic) theme. In attendance, Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) wore a pearl and jewel-encrusted robe, matching papal mitre (/wiki/Mitre) and necklace, Christian Louboutin (/wiki/Christian_Louboutin) heels, an outfit designed by Maison Margiela (/wiki/Maison_Margiela) . [66] (#cite_note-66) Critics on social media called it "blasphemous" and "sacrilegious cosplay," even though the Catholic Church (/wiki/Catholic_Church) lent more than forty papal vestments (/wiki/Papal_vestment) from the Vatican (/wiki/Holy_See) for the exhibition, and Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan (/wiki/Timothy_M._Dolan) attended. [67] (#cite_note-67) [68] (#cite_note-68) American critic Kyle Smith (/wiki/Kyle_Smith_(critic)) argued that the Catholic Church was in fact "abetting the mockery of its symbols." [69] (#cite_note-69) The 2021 Met Gala theme was "In America: A Lexicon of Fashion." The American theme of the gala allowed celebrities to go in many different directions with how they chose to embody the theme. Democratic (/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)) U.S. Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez) of New York attended the 2021 Met Gala dressed by designer Aurora James (/wiki/Aurora_James) . Ocasio-Cortez's controversial look was bold and targeted the attendees of the Met; she wore a white off-the-shoulder gown with the phrase "tax the rich" sewn onto the back in bold red satin (/wiki/Satin) lettering. [70] (#cite_note-70) This look faced controversy as many thought it was hypocritical to condemn wealth inequality (/wiki/Wealth_inequality) while attending an event with a $35,000 ticket. In an interview, designer Aurora James explains how she thinks it smart to be able to deliver the message directly to those who need to hear it. [71] (#cite_note-71) In 2022, ("Gilded Glamour"), Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) wore the gown Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) wore when singing " Happy Birthday, Mr. President (/wiki/Happy_Birthday,_Mr._President) " to John F. Kennedy (/wiki/John_F._Kennedy) in 1962. The gown is the property of Ripley's Believe It or Not (/wiki/Ripley%27s_Believe_It_or_Not!) . The controversy around the gown started when some noticed some damage to the gown. [72] (#cite_note-72) Other controversies came from the diet that Kim Kardashian had to adhere to in order to wear the gown. [73] (#cite_note-73) She claimed to have cut out all sugar and carbs, resulting in 16 lbs lost in 3 weeks. [74] (#cite_note-74) In 2024, the Met Gala was the flashpoint for the Blockout 2024 (/wiki/Blockout_2024) online social media campaign to block the accounts of celebrities who attended the event. [75] (#cite_note-75) The appearance of attendees after recent university campus war protests (/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses) related to the Gaza–Israel conflict (/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict) and the ongoing Rafah offensive (/wiki/Rafah_offensive) caused many to compare the celebrities to those in The Hunger Games (/wiki/The_Hunger_Games) . [76] (#cite_note-76) In an opinion piece for USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) , columnist Nicole Russell compared the Met Gala to The Hunger Games ' wealthy Capitol (/wiki/The_Hunger_Games#Setting) , and the rest of the United States and the world to the Districts of Panem which "struggle with consequences like poverty, inflation, homelessness and even war". [77] (#cite_note-77) List of Met Galas [ edit ] The following is a list of Met Galas, as well as the chairs and entertainment, for the Galas that have taken place since themes were introduced in 1973. Date of Gala Theme Co-chairs Honorary Chairs Sponsor Ticket Price References March 21, 1973 The World of Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) None None Government of Spain (/wiki/Spain) $85 [78] (#cite_note-immoderatestyleworldbalenciaga-78) [79] (#cite_note-79) [80] (#cite_note-80) December 12, 1973 The 10s, the 20s, the 30s: Inventive Clothes: 1909–1939 Phyllis Ellsworth Dillon (/wiki/C._Douglas_Dillon) None $100 [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) [82] (#cite_note-82) November 20, 1974 Romantic and Glamorous Hollywood Design Jane Engelhard (/wiki/Jane_Engelhard) None SCM Corporation (/wiki/SCM_Corporation) $150 [83] (#cite_note-83) December 10, 1975 American Women of Style Jane Engelhard (/wiki/Jane_Engelhard) None SCM Corporation $125 [84] (#cite_note-84) December 6, 1976 The Glory of Russian Costume Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) None SCM Corporation $150 [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) [85] (#cite_note-oclchistoryrussiancostume-85) [86] (#cite_note-86) December 12, 1977 Vanity Fair: A Treasure Trove Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) None Halston (/wiki/Halston) [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) [87] (#cite_note-stpetersburgteasuretrove-87) [88] (#cite_note-88) November 20, 1978 Diaghilev (/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev) : Costumes and Designs of the Ballets Russes (/wiki/Ballets_Russes) Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) December 3, 1979 Fashions of the Habsburg (/wiki/House_of_Habsburg) Era: Austria-Hungary Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None $200 [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) [89] (#cite_note-89) [90] (#cite_note-90) December 9, 1980 The Manchu Dragon: Costumes of China, the Chi'ng Dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) December 7, 1981 The Eighteenth-Century Woman Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None Merle Norman Cosmetics (/wiki/Merle_Norman_Cosmetics) $350 [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) [91] (#cite_note-18thcwomannyt-91) [92] (#cite_note-18thcwomannyt2-92) December 6, 1982 La Belle Époque (/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque) Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None Pierre Cardin (/wiki/Pierre_Cardin) $500 [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) [93] (#cite_note-bellepoquenyt-93) December 5, 1983 Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(designer)) : 25 Years of Design Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None Gustave Zumsteg $500 [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) [94] (#cite_note-yslnyt-94) December 3, 1984 Man and the Horse Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) $750 [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) [95] (#cite_note-equestriannyt-95) December 9, 1985 Costumes of Royal India Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None Ratti, Christian Humann Foundation [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) [96] (#cite_note-royalindianyt-96) December 8, 1986 Dance Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None Shiseido (/wiki/Shiseido) $750 [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) [97] (#cite_note-dancenyt-97) December 7, 1987 A Tribute to Diana Vreeland Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None Reliance Group Holdings (/wiki/Reliance_Group_Holdings) $850 [98] (#cite_note-instylenyt-98) December 5, 1988 From Queen to Empress: Victorian Dress 1837–1877 Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None The Leslie Fay Companies (/w/index.php?title=The_Leslie_Fay_Companies&action=edit&redlink=1) $850 [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) [99] (#cite_note-victorian1988nyt-99) December 4, 1989 The Age of Napoleon (/wiki/Napoleon) : Costume from Revolution to Empire, 1789–1815 Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None Wolfgang K. Flottl (/wiki/Wolfgang_Fl%C3%B6ttl) [81] (#cite_note-costumeinstexhibits-81) [100] (#cite_note-100) [101] (#cite_note-101) December 3, 1990 Théâtre de la Mode – Fashion Dolls: The Survival of Haute Couture Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None Wolfgang K. Flottl (/wiki/Wolfgang_Fl%C3%B6ttl) $900 [102] (#cite_note-102) December 9, 1991 No theme, as no concurrent costume exhibition was held Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None [103] (#cite_note-103) December 7, 1992 Fashion and History: A Dialogue (/wiki/Fashion_and_History:_A_Dialogue) Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None [104] (#cite_note-fashionandhistorynyt-104) December 6, 1993 Diana Vreeland (/wiki/Diana_Vreeland) : Immoderate Style Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) None $900 [105] (#cite_note-immoderatestylevehournyt-105) [106] (#cite_note-106) December 5, 1994 Orientalism: Visions of the East in Western dress Pat Buckley (/wiki/Patricia_Buckley) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Bill Blass (/wiki/Bill_Blass) None $900 [107] (#cite_note-107) [108] (#cite_note-glourguysfortheball-108) December 4, 1995 Haute Couture Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Annette de la Renta (/wiki/Annette_de_la_Renta) , Clarissa Bronfman Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) , Gianni Versace (/wiki/Gianni_Versace) Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) for Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Gianni Versace (/wiki/Gianni_Versace) $1,000 [109] (#cite_note-hautecouturechroniclenyt-109) December 9, 1996 Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) Elizabeth Tilberis (/wiki/Liz_Tilberis) , Marie-Chantal, Crown Princess of Greece (/wiki/Marie-Chantal,_Crown_Princess_of_Greece) , Helene David-Weill None Dior (/wiki/Dior) , LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) $1,000 [110] (#cite_note-diornyt-110) December 8, 1997 Gianni Versace (/wiki/Gianni_Versace) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Julia Koch (/wiki/Julia_Koch) , Patrick McCarthy (/wiki/Patrick_McCarthy_(publisher)) None David H. Koch Foundation (/wiki/David_H._Koch_Foundation) , VH1 (/wiki/VH1) , Fairchild Publications (/wiki/Fairchild_Fashion_Media) $2,000 [111] (#cite_note-nyobserverversace-111) [112] (#cite_note-nytversace-112) [113] (#cite_note-versacenytwhite-113) December 7, 1998 Cubism and Fashion Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Miuccia Prada (/wiki/Miuccia_Prada) , Paula Cussi, Pia Getty (/wiki/Pia_Getty) None Prada (/wiki/Prada) $2,000 [114] (#cite_note-cubismpressrelease-114) December 6, 1999 Rock Style Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Aerin Lauder (/wiki/Aerin_Lauder) None Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger_(company)) , Estée Lauder (/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) [115] (#cite_note-rockstylepressrelease-115) April 23, 2001 Jacqueline Kennedy (/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) : The White House Years Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Christina and Lindsay Owen-Jones (/wiki/Lindsay_Owen-Jones) , Annette and Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera) Caroline Kennedy (/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy) and Edwin A. Schlossberg (/wiki/Edwin_Schlossberg) L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) [116] (#cite_note-jackiekennedypressrelease-116) April 28, 2003 Goddess: The Classical Mode Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) None Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) [117] (#cite_note-goddess2003pressrelease-117) April 26, 2004 Dangerous Liaisons: Fashion and Furniture in the 18th Century Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Renée Zellweger (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger) , Lawrence Stroll (/wiki/Lawrence_Stroll) , Silas Chou (/wiki/Silas_Chou) , Edgar Bronfman Jr. (/wiki/Edgar_Bronfman_Jr.) Jacob Rothschild (/wiki/Jacob_Rothschild,_4th_Baron_Rothschild) , Jayne Wrightsman (/wiki/Jayne_Wrightsman) Asprey (/wiki/Asprey) [118] (#cite_note-dangerousliaisonsnyt-118) May 2, 2005 The House of Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) , Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) Caroline, Princess of Hanover (/wiki/Caroline,_Princess_of_Hanover) Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) [119] (#cite_note-houseofchanel2005pressrelease-119) May 1, 2006 AngloMania: Tradition and Transgression in British Fashion (/wiki/AngloMania:_Tradition_and_Transgression_in_British_Fashion) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Christopher Bailey (/wiki/Christopher_Bailey_(fashion_designer)) , Sienna Miller (/wiki/Sienna_Miller) Rose Marie Bravo (/wiki/Rose_Marie_Bravo) , The Duke of Devonshire (/wiki/Peregrine_Cavendish,_12th_Duke_of_Devonshire) Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) [120] (#cite_note-anglomaniametpr-120) May 7, 2007 Poiret (/wiki/Paul_Poiret) : King of Fashion Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , Nicolas Ghesquière (/wiki/Nicolas_Ghesqui%C3%A8re) François-Henri Pinault (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Henri_Pinault) Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) [121] (#cite_note-poiretmetpr-121) May 5, 2008 Superheroes: Fashion and Fantasy (/wiki/Superheroes:_Fashion_and_Fantasy) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , George Clooney (/wiki/George_Clooney) , Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Armani) [122] (#cite_note-superheroestmetpr-122) [123] (#cite_note-nytstarsuperheroes-123) May 4, 2009 The Model As Muse: Embodying Fashion (/wiki/The_Model_as_Muse:_Embodying_Fashion) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Kate Moss (/wiki/Kate_Moss) , Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) $7,500 [124] (#cite_note-modelasmusetmetpr-124) [125] (#cite_note-nytmodelasmuse-125) May 3, 2010 American Woman: Fashioning a National Identity (/wiki/American_Woman:_Fashioning_a_National_Identity) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Oprah Winfrey (/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey) , Patrick Robinson (/wiki/Patrick_Robinson_(fashion_designer)) None Gap (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) [126] (#cite_note-americanwomanpressrelease-126) [127] (#cite_note-nytamericanwoman-127) [128] (#cite_note-nytamericanwoman2-128) May 2, 2011 Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen:_Savage_Beauty) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Colin Firth (/wiki/Colin_Firth) , Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) François-Henri Pinault (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Henri_Pinault) and Salma Hayek (/wiki/Salma_Hayek) Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) [129] (#cite_note-AMIDtbCiaS2CIR-129) [130] (#cite_note-nysavagebeauty-130) May 7, 2012 Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) and Prada (/wiki/Prada) : Impossible Conversations Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Carey Mulligan (/wiki/Carey_Mulligan) , Miuccia Prada (/wiki/Miuccia_Prada) Jeff Bezos (/wiki/Jeff_Bezos) Amazon (/wiki/Amazon_(company)) [131] (#cite_note-schiaparellipradaspressrelease-131) May 6, 2013 Punk: Chaos to Couture Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Rooney Mara (/wiki/Rooney_Mara) , Lauren Santo Domingo (/wiki/Lauren_Santo_Domingo) , Riccardo Tisci (/wiki/Riccardo_Tisci) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) Moda Operandi (/wiki/Moda_Operandi) $15,000 [132] (#cite_note-Punkpressrelease-132) [133] (#cite_note-telegraphpunk-133) May 5, 2014 Charles James (/wiki/Charles_James_(designer)) : Beyond Fashion Aerin Lauder (/wiki/Aerin_Lauder) , Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Bradley Cooper (/wiki/Bradley_Cooper) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Sarah Jessica Parker (/wiki/Sarah_Jessica_Parker) , Lizzie and Jonathan Tisch (/wiki/Jonathan_Tisch) None AERIN (/wiki/Aerin_Lauder) $25,000 [134] (#cite_note-charlesjamesmetpressrelease-134) [135] (#cite_note-charlesjamesnyt-135) [136] (#cite_note-latimescharlesjames-136) [137] (#cite_note-137) May 4, 2015 China: Through the Looking Glass (/wiki/China:_Through_the_Looking_Glass) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Jennifer Lawrence (/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence) , Gong Li (/wiki/Gong_Li) , Marissa Mayer (/wiki/Marissa_Mayer) , Wendi Murdoch (/wiki/Wendi_Deng_Murdoch) Silas Chou (/wiki/Silas_Chou) Yahoo (/wiki/Yahoo!) $25,000 [138] (#cite_note-Chinapressrelease-138) May 2, 2016 Manus x Machina: Fashion in an Age of Technology (/wiki/Manus_x_Machina:_Fashion_in_an_Age_of_Technology) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Taylor Swift (/wiki/Taylor_Swift) , Idris Elba (/wiki/Idris_Elba) , Jonathan Ive (/wiki/Jony_Ive) Nicolas Ghesquière (/wiki/Nicolas_Ghesqui%C3%A8re) , Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) , Miuccia Prada (/wiki/Miuccia_Prada) Apple (/wiki/Apple_Inc.) $30,000 [139] (#cite_note-ManusxMachinapressrelease-139) [140] (#cite_note-140) May 1, 2017 Rei Kawakubo/Comme des Garçons: Art of the In-Between (/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons_Art_of_the_In-Between) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Gisele Bündchen (/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen) and Tom Brady (/wiki/Tom_Brady) , Katy Perry (/wiki/Katy_Perry) , Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) Rei Kawakubo (/wiki/Rei_Kawakubo) Apple (/wiki/Apple_Inc.) , Condé Nast (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) , Farfetch (/wiki/Farfetch) , H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , Maison Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) $30,000 [141] (#cite_note-ReiKawakubopressrelease-141) [142] (#cite_note-142) May 7, 2018 Heavenly Bodies: Fashion and the Catholic Imagination (/wiki/Heavenly_Bodies:_Fashion_and_the_Catholic_Imagination) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Amal Clooney (/wiki/Amal_Clooney) , Donatella Versace (/wiki/Donatella_Versace) Christine and Stephen A. Schwarzman (/wiki/Stephen_A._Schwarzman) Christine and Stephen A. Schwarzman (/wiki/Stephen_A._Schwarzman) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) $30,000 [143] (#cite_note-143) [144] (#cite_note-144) [145] (#cite_note-145) [146] (#cite_note-146) May 6, 2019 Camp: Notes on Fashion (/wiki/Camp:_Notes_on_Fashion) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , Harry Styles (/wiki/Harry_Styles) , Serena Williams (/wiki/Serena_Williams) , Alessandro Michele (/wiki/Alessandro_Michele) None Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) $35,000 [147] (#cite_note-147) [148] (#cite_note-148) [149] (#cite_note-149) Planned for May 4, 2020 (canceled) [150] (#cite_note-150) About Time: Fashion and Duration Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Meryl Streep (/wiki/Meryl_Streep) , Emma Stone (/wiki/Emma_Stone) , Lin-Manuel Miranda (/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda) , Nicolas Ghesquière (/wiki/Nicolas_Ghesqui%C3%A8re) None Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) N/A [151] (#cite_note-2020_Met_Gala_Theme-151) September 13, 2021 In America: A Lexicon of Fashion (/wiki/In_America:_A_Lexicon_of_Fashion) Timothée Chalamet (/wiki/Timoth%C3%A9e_Chalamet) , Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) , Amanda Gorman (/wiki/Amanda_Gorman) , Naomi Osaka (/wiki/Naomi_Osaka) [152] (#cite_note-152) Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , Adam Mosseri (/wiki/Adam_Mosseri) , Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) $35,000 [153] (#cite_note-Friedman-153) [154] (#cite_note-154) May 2, 2022 In America: An Anthology of Fashion (/wiki/In_America:_An_Anthology_of_Fashion) Blake Lively (/wiki/Blake_Lively) and Ryan Reynolds (/wiki/Ryan_Reynolds) , Lin-Manuel Miranda (/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda) , Regina King (/wiki/Regina_King) Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , Adam Mosseri (/wiki/Adam_Mosseri) , Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) $35,000 [155] (#cite_note-155) [156] (#cite_note-156) May 1, 2023 Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) : A Line of Beauty Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Dua Lipa (/wiki/Dua_Lipa) , Michaela Coel (/wiki/Michaela_Coel) , Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) , Roger Federer (/wiki/Roger_Federer) None Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) , Karl Lagerfeld (brand) $50,000 [157] (#cite_note-157) [158] (#cite_note-158) [159] (#cite_note-159) May 6, 2024 Sleeping Beauties: Reawakening Fashion (/wiki/Sleeping_Beauties:_Reawakening_Fashion) Anna Wintour (/wiki/Anna_Wintour) , Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , Zendaya (/wiki/Zendaya) , Chris Hemsworth (/wiki/Chris_Hemsworth) , Bad Bunny (/wiki/Bad_Bunny) Shou Zi Chew (/wiki/Shou_Zi_Chew) , Jonathan Anderson (/wiki/Jonathan_Anderson_(fashion_designer)) TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) , Loewe (/wiki/Loewe_(fashion_brand)) $75,000 [160] (#cite_note-160) [161] (#cite_note-161) [162] (#cite_note-162) [7] (#cite_note-MetGalaAttendancePriceIncreasing-7) See also [ edit ] Caput Mundi (/wiki/Caput_Mundi) LGBT culture in New York City (/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City) Ocean's 8 (/wiki/Ocean%27s_8) The First Monday in May (/wiki/The_First_Monday_in_May) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Friedman, Vanessa (May 3, 2018). "What Is the Met Gala, and Who Gets to Go?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/03/fashion/what-is-the-met-gala-and-who-gets-to-go.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved August 22, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Hardie, Beth (May 7, 2018). "What is the Met Gala 2018 theme – and what it means" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/when-met-gala-2018-where-12460938) . Mirror (UK) (/wiki/Mirror_(UK)) . Retrieved August 22, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Ward, Maria (May 7, 2018). "What Is the Met Gala? Everything You Need to Know" (https://www.vogue.com/article/what-is-the-met-gala-things-to-know-andre-leon-talley) . Vogue . Retrieved August 22, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight1_4-0) Ali Bauman (May 1, 2023). "Met Gala 2023: Fashion's biggest night honors Karl Lagerfeld" (https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/newyork/news/met-gala-2023-red-carpet/) . CBS News (/wiki/CBS_News) . Retrieved November 26, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight2_5-0) "Met Gala 2024: How to Watch Fashion's Biggest Night" (https://www.glamour.com/story/met-gala-2024-how-to-watch) . Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . April 29, 2024 . Retrieved April 30, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Annie Brown (May 5, 2019). "How the Met Gala became the 'fashion Oscars' (https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/how-the-met-gala-became-the-fashion-oscars-20190502-p51jbo.html) " (https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/how-the-met-gala-became-the-fashion-oscars-20190502-p51jbo.html) . Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved May 4, 2022 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Vanessa Friedman (April 24, 2024). "Everything You Need to Know About the 2024 Met Gala" (https://www.nytimes.com/article/met-gala-theme-hosts-watch.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . 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The Met Gala is the world's most famous fashion bash and takes place in May. ^ Jump up to: a b "The Costume Institute | The Metropolitan Museum of Art" (http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/curatorial-departments/the-costume-institute) . www.metmuseum.org . Retrieved May 17, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Nast, Condé (February 25, 2024). "Princess Diana's One and Only Met Gala Dress Was Loaded With Meaning" (https://www.vogue.com/article/princess-diana-met-gala-dress) . Vogue . Retrieved May 3, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-Chilton_12-0) Chilton, Nancy (April 30, 2018). "The Met Gala: From Midnight Suppers to Superheroes and Rihanna" (https://www.metmuseum.org/blogs/now-at-the-met/2018/met-gala-costume-institute-benefit-brief-history) . www.metmuseum.org . Retrieved January 3, 2019 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "A Look Back At The Met Gala's History And Decor Throughout The Years | Architectural Digest" (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/the-met-galas-history-and-decor-throughout-the-years/all) . 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Retrieved April 26, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-162) "De 2014 à 2024, le Met Gala en dix ans de thèmes" (https://www.vanityfair.fr/article/met-gala-themes) . Vanity Fair . Retrieved April 26, 2024 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://metmuseum.org/metgala) v t e Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) Places The Met Fifth Avenue (/wiki/The_Met_Fifth_Avenue) Anna Wintour Costume Center (/wiki/Anna_Wintour_Costume_Center) Astor Court (/wiki/Astor_Court_(Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art)) Robert Goldwater Library (/wiki/Robert_Goldwater_Library) Temple of Dendur (/wiki/Temple_of_Dendur) Thomas J. 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Double ikat woven fabric of Bali Geringsing Young Women dressed in geringsing Type Art Fabric Material silk (/wiki/Silk) and cotton (/wiki/Cotton) Place of origin Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) ( Bali (/wiki/Bali) ) Geringsing is a Tenun (/wiki/Tenun) textile created by the double ikat (/wiki/Double_ikat) method in the Bali Aga (/wiki/Bali_Aga) village of Tenganan Pegeringsingan (/wiki/Tenganan) in Bali (/wiki/Bali) . The demanding technique is only practiced in parts of India, Japan and Indonesia. In Indonesia it is confined to the village of Tenganan. [1] (#cite_note-1) According to textile expert John Guy, "the ancestry of Balinese geringsing is far from clear, although some cloths display the unmistakable influence of patola ", [2] (#cite_note-2) the silk double ikats produced in Gujarat during the height of the Spice Trade (/wiki/Spice_trade) (16-17C). Many of these imported cloths became the inspiration for later locally-made textiles, but one theory is that the Balinese-made cloths were exported to India and copied there for production to Asian markets. Many have unique Hindu motifs such as a bird's eye view of a mandala with a sacred center from which everything radiates. Others feature designs clearly inspired by patola , for example a design known as the frangipani flower (/wiki/Plumeria) ( Jepun ). [3] (#cite_note-3) The palette of geringsing is typically red, neutral, and black. Geringsing are regarded as sacred cloths, "ascribed supernatural properties, especially to assist in forms of healing, including exorcism." [4] (#cite_note-4) Gering means disease and sing means no. History [ edit ] The people of Tenganan Pegeringsin are said to come from the pre- Majapahit (/wiki/Majapahit) Bali kingdom of Pejeng, pre-dating the occupation of Bali by the Hindu Javanese who arrived at the end of the Majapahit era (15th century). There is a legend that they were bequeathed (/wiki/Bequeath) their land by the king who said that they could have as much land as a man and horse could ride around in a day. The horseman chosen had a magical horse and he encircled a vast tract of land which the king was obliged to grant him. Geringsing is mentioned in the poem Rangga Lawe which tells of the first Majapahit (/wiki/Majapahit) king, Raden Wijaya (/wiki/Raden_Wijaya) giving his warriors gerinsing sashes to protect them in Battle. A later mention is in the poem Nagarakrtagama (/wiki/Nagarakrtagama) by the Buddhist sage Prapancana (/w/index.php?title=Prapancana&action=edit&redlink=1) , composed in 1365 who describes curtains of the king Hayam Wuruk's carriage as being made of Geringsing. [5] (#cite_note-5) The first European to describe geringseng was W.O.J Nieuwenkamp in 1906. He found 2 cloths in a box of textiles that he bought in Tabanan for the Ethnographic Museum in Leiden. After this he discovered where they came from and made a journey to Tenganan. [6] (#cite_note-6) Weaving technique [ edit ] Bundles of cotton tied and drying in the family temple waiting to be dyed The cloths are woven on a narrow back-strap looms. The cotton is hand-spun. Before dying the threads are soaked in a bath of kemiri , candle nut oil, and wood ash to aid the take-up of the red dye, then hung up to dry in the sun. Ramseyer said that the yarn was left to soak for 42 days and then left to dry for the same time. [7] (#cite_note-7) Gillow states that this is repeated up to 12 times. The threads are wrapped around the dying frame and the pattern is tied into the bundles of thread to form a resist. The bound warp and weft threads are then sent out to the neighboring village of Bug-Bug to be dyed as indigo is forbidden to be used in Tenganan. [8] (#cite_note-8) Once dyed indigo, the threads are put back on the frames and some of the ties are undone to allow the red component of the pattern to be developed. The indigo is also over-dyed by the red to give the characteristic dark rust-brown color. The warp is then laid out on the loom and the cloth is woven in a loose balanced weave. The pattern is carried by both the warp and the weft. Great precision is needed at all stages of the production. Using a pick the weaver adjust the weft with each pass of the shuttle to make sure the alignment of the pattern is precise. [9] (#cite_note-9) Form and design [ edit ] There are about 20 designs of geringsing known, not all are still being made. Recently some enterprising Japanese actually copyrighted some geringsing designs. [10] (#cite_note-10) The fear is the potential to sue the people of Tenganan for copyright breach when they produce one of those designs. The color of geringsing is consistent across the range of the designs consisting of red, reddish brown, an eggshell color and a dark blue/black/brown. There are two head patterns or Tumpal, similar to some batik designs leaving a central panel. The pattern can be made of vertically orientated geometric and abstract floral motif repeating across the central field ( gerinsing paparé, geingsing enjékan, geringsing battun tuung ). In other cloths the pattern is not only vertical and horizontal, but the repetition is pursued across the diagonal ( geringsing cicempaka, geringsing cemplong ). Portion of a Geringsing Wayang Putri textile 200 x 40 cm Central field patterns are formed in a different way in that the design has large four pointed stars dividing the cloth into semicircular segments. these segments contain stars, emblems, architectural, elements animals, and wayang kulit (/wiki/Wayang_kulit) style figures. ( gerigsing wayang kebo, geringsing wayan putri, gerigsing patelikur isi, gerigsing lubèng ) [11] (#cite_note-11) The width of the cloths vary, investigations so far have shown seven different widths of which five are still in use. The narrowest cloth are composed of 14 patterned strips, the fringes of which are uncut and worn by boys and men as tubular sashes ( sabuk tubuhan ) and knotted at the front of the chest or loin height so that the knotted fringe hangs downwards. The other way they are worn is around the neck so that the knot falls forward in the method of wearing called menatangkon . These narrow cloths are also worn as kemben (/wiki/Kemben) by women. [12] (#cite_note-12) Rules and restraints [ edit ] Back-strap loom with an incomplete weaving showing its protective white cloth There are rules that constrain both dying and the weaving of geringsing in order to protect its magical properties. During the period of the soaking of the un-dyed thread bundles in the candlenut and wood ash water, they are kept in an earthenware jar for 42 days covered with a black and white cloth ( gotia ) to protect from spirits. As a general rule women do not weave if they are menstruating. When the cloths are not being worked on the loom is covered by a white cloth. [13] (#cite_note-13) There are many other strict rituals related to the dying and weaving of gerinsing mentioned in the Western literature, but none of the older inhabitants seem to remember them. [14] (#cite_note-14) Ritual use of geringsing [ edit ] By virtue of their magical qualities geringsing are not only capable of keeping impurities and danger out of the village, but also shield and protect humans from baleful influences during rites of passage as they transition from one phase of life to the next. The Tengananese receive their first geringsing at the hair cutting ritual. His hair is cut and placed in a basket which is placed on a folded geringsing on the balé tengah , on which the Tegananese both enters and leaves the world. In the ceremony that admits a boy or girl to the youth association of the village, they are carried in a geringsing cloth on their father's right shoulder. In the concluding ceremony of teruna nyoma which is the initiation, the candidates wear a geringsing and bear a keris for the tooth filing ceremony, an essential rite of passage for all Balinese Hindu. The participants pillow is covered by geringsing . After death the genitals of the deceased are covered by a geringsing hip sash. These cloths may not be used again and so usually are sold. In the purification of the soul ceremony (muhun) the dead person's presence, which is symbolizes by an inscribed palm leaf, is also arrayed in a geringsing . In the wedding ceremony the groom invites his in-laws to visit the couple, dressed in festal geringsing clothing, at his parents home where relatives bring symbolic gifts which are placed on a geringsing cloth . [15] (#cite_note-15) Gallery [ edit ] See also [ edit ] clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Indonesia portal (/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) Balinese textiles (/wiki/Balinese_textiles) Textiles of Sumba (/wiki/Textiles_of_Sumba) Ulos (/wiki/Ulos) Batik (/wiki/Batik) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Hauser-Schäublin, Brigitta.; Nabholz-Kartaschoff, Marie-Louise.; Ramseyer, Urs. (1991). Balinese textile . London: British Museum Press. p. 117. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7141-2505-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Guy, John, Indian Textiles in the East , Thames & Hudson, 2009, p. 13 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Guy, p. 96. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Guy, p. 96. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Hauser-Schäublin, Brigitta.; Nabholz-Kartaschoff, Marie-Louise.; Ramseyer, Urs. (1991). Balinese textile . London: British Museum Press. p. 130. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7141-2505-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Carpenter, B W (1997). W.O.J.Nieuwenkamp, First European Artist in Bali . Hong Kong: Periplus. p. 193. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 962-593-318-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Ramseyer, Urs, 1975, "Geringsin" in Patola und Geringsing, Alfred Buhler. Museum fur Volkerkunde und SchweizerrichesMuseum fur Volkskunde. Basel. pp.48-72 ^ (#cite_ref-8) Gittinger. M. 1979 Splendid Symbols. pp. 147 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Gillow J (1992). Traditional Indonesian Textiles . Thames and Hudson. p. 86. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-500-23641-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Helmi, Rio. Memories of the Sacred. After Hours publisher ^ (#cite_ref-11) Hauser-Schäublin, Brigitta.; Nabholz-Kartaschoff, Marie-Louise.; Ramseyer, Urs. (1991). Balinese textile . London: British Museum Press. p. 119. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7141-2505-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Hauser-Schäublin, Brigitta.; Nabholz-Kartaschoff, Marie-Louise.; Ramseyer, Urs. (1991). Balinese textile . London: British Museum Press. p. 120. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7141-2505-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Hazzard, C J. 1982. personal observation, illustrated ^ (#cite_ref-14) Hauser-Schäublin, Brigitta.; Nabholz-Kartaschoff, Marie-Louise.; Ramseyer, Urs. (1991). Balinese textile . London: British Museum Press. p. 129. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7141-2505-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Hauser-Schäublin, Brigitta.; Nabholz-Kartaschoff, Marie-Louise.; Ramseyer, Urs. (1991). Balinese textile . London: British Museum Press. p. 127. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7141-2505-9 . Further reading [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Geringsing (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geringsing) . v t e Indonesian clothing (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Clothing identified with Indonesian culture (/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia) and still worn today Textiles and weaving Geringsing Kain Bali (/wiki/Balinese_textiles) Kain Sumba (/wiki/Textiles_of_Sumba) Kain kulit kayu (/wiki/Barkcloth) Lurik Songket (/wiki/Songket) Tapis (/wiki/Tapis_(Indonesian_weaving_style)) Tenun (/wiki/Tenun) Ulos (/wiki/Ulos) Dyeing Batik (/wiki/Batik) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Jumputan (/wiki/Tie-dye) Prada Clothing Angkin (/wiki/Sash) Baju Bodo (/wiki/Bodo_blouse) Baju kain rumput Baju Koko Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) Baju Melayu (/wiki/Baju_Melayu) Beskap Cawat (/wiki/Loincloth) Kain jarik Kain panjang Kain samping (/wiki/Samping) Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Kemben (/wiki/Kemben) Kemeja Batik (/wiki/Batik) Koje Koteka (/wiki/Koteka) Rok Rumbia Sarung (/wiki/Sarong) Selendang (/wiki/Sash) Surjan Uis Gara Headgear Beluko Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Caping (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Iket Jamang Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Kerudung (/wiki/Veil) Kopiah (/wiki/Kupiah) Konde or sanggul (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( hair extension (/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations) ) Makuta (/wiki/Maku%E1%B9%ADa) Peci (/wiki/Songkok) Siger Suntiang Tanjak (/wiki/Tanjak) (destar) Tengkuluk Tudung (/wiki/Tudong) Udeng Jewelry and ornaments Anting-anting (/wiki/Earring) Cincin (/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)) Gelang (/wiki/Bracelet) Giwang Gesper (/wiki/Belt_buckle) Kembang goyang (cunduk mentul) Kelat bahu (/wiki/Arm_ring) Kerongsang Pending Sabuk (/wiki/Belt_(clothing)) Subang Sumping Tusuk konde (/wiki/Hairpin) Upawita (/wiki/Upavita) Armour Baju Empurau (/wiki/Baju_Empurau) Baju Lamina (/wiki/Baju_Lamina) Baju Rantai (/wiki/Baju_Rantai) Baru Lema'a (/wiki/Baru_Lema%27a) Baru Öröba (/wiki/Baru_%C3%96r%C3%B6ba) Karambalangan (/wiki/Karambalangan) Kawaca (/wiki/Kawaca) Siping-siping (/wiki/Siping-siping) Footwear Bakiak (kelom) (/wiki/Clog) Sandals (/wiki/Sandal) Selop Sepatu NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐6mf8p Cached time: 20240720172944 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.373 seconds Real time usage: 0.499 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1163/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32746/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1037/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 48425/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.248/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5585867/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 437.661 1 -total 33.13% 145.014 1 Template:Reflist 28.90% 126.470 8 Template:Cite_book 20.08% 87.865 1 Template:Indonesian_clothing 19.60% 85.769 1 Template:Navbox 16.46% 72.059 1 Template:Short_description 9.22% 40.346 1 Template:Commons_category 9.15% 40.025 2 Template:Pagetype 8.90% 38.963 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_type 8.73% 38.189 1 Template:Sister_project Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37493989-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720172944 and revision id 1219407130. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geringsing&oldid=1219407130 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geringsing&oldid=1219407130) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Textile arts of Indonesia (/wiki/Category:Textile_arts_of_Indonesia) Balinese art (/wiki/Category:Balinese_art) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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Italian fashion designer Elvira Leonardi Bouyeure Elvira Leonardi Bouyeure, 1950’s Born ( 1906-06-01 ) 1 June 1906 Died 24 February 1999 (1999-02-24) (aged 92) Nationality Italian Occupation(s) fashion (/wiki/Fashion_design) designer and couturier (/wiki/Couturier) Known for Long-term stylist of Maria Callas (/wiki/Maria_Callas) [1] (#cite_note-cor2-1) [2] (#cite_note-nyt-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Spouse Robert Bouyeure [4] (#cite_note-donne-4) Children Roberta Bouyeure [4] (#cite_note-donne-4) Relatives Giacomo Puccini (/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini) (step grandfather) Elvira Leonardi Bouyeure (1 June 1906 – 24 February 1999), [4] (#cite_note-donne-4) [5] (#cite_note-rep-5) [6] (#cite_note-cor1-6) known professionally as Biki , [7] (#cite_note-7) was a notable Italian fashion (/wiki/Fashion_design) designer and couturier (/wiki/Couturier) of the post-war (/wiki/Post-war) period based in Milan (/wiki/Milan) . [6] (#cite_note-cor1-6) Her clients were mainly connected to the La Scala (/wiki/La_Scala) opera, [1] (#cite_note-cor2-1) and she is known as the creator of the style for Maria Callas (/wiki/Maria_Callas) , [1] (#cite_note-cor2-1) [8] (#cite_note-nf-8) whom she first met in 1951 at a dinner party organized by Wally Toscanini. [2] (#cite_note-nyt-2) Bouyeure was a granddaughter of the composer (/wiki/Composer) Giacomo Puccini (/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini) . [9] (#cite_note-9) [1] (#cite_note-cor2-1) Biography [ edit ] Bouyeure was born in Milan on 1 June 1906. [5] (#cite_note-rep-5) She studied at A. Manzoni linguistic school (/wiki/Civico_Liceo_Linguistico_Alessandro_Manzoni) where she also learned music and singing. [4] (#cite_note-donne-4) Bouyeure travelled to Paris many times and decided to learn fashion. After a few years apprenticeship she created a line of French-style underwear named "Domina" (the name was proposed by the poet Gabriele D'Annunzio (/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio) who was a friend of the Puccini family). [4] (#cite_note-donne-4) On 5 May 1936 she opened her atelier (/wiki/Atelier) in Milan (/wiki/Milan) on via Senato, [4] (#cite_note-donne-4) [5] (#cite_note-rep-5) catering mostly to La Scala (/wiki/La_Scala) opera singers. [1] (#cite_note-cor2-1) Her long-term cooperation with Maria Callas (/wiki/Maria_Callas) started in 1954. [1] (#cite_note-cor2-1) Bouyeure designed a plain black evening cape in wool crepe for Callas that she wore for the 1970 opening of the Teatro alla Scala (/wiki/Teatro_alla_Scala) season in Milan, a paisley coat in 1971, [10] (#cite_note-am-10) and also a floor-length dress with silk satin collar which she wore in 1973 for the farewell concert at the Royal Festival Hall (/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall) in London. [2] (#cite_note-nyt-2) In 1967 Bouyeure worked with the Italian fashion photographer Johnny Moncada (/wiki/Johnny_Moncada) and in 1968 for the Linea Italiana magazine. [11] (#cite_note-11) Her atelier was located in Via Monte Napoleone (/wiki/Via_Monte_Napoleone) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Bouyeure died on 24 February 1999. [2] (#cite_note-nyt-2) [5] (#cite_note-rep-5) Personal life [ edit ] The name Biki was given to Bouyeure as a child by her step grandfather Puccini (/wiki/Puccini) , who called her Bicchi (Italian "biricchina" meaning naughty girl). [13] (#cite_note-13) She married art expert Robert Bouyeure in 1936. [4] (#cite_note-donne-4) They had a daughter named Roberta, born in 1937. [4] (#cite_note-donne-4) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Gian Luca Bauzano (2017-08-25). "Maria Callas, i segreti dello stile unico della prima diva mediatica" (http://www.corriere.it/moda/news/17_agosto_25/maria-callas-bella-come-audrey-mediatica-come-madonna-50233656-8983-11e7-aad2-bad72feebda7.shtml) [Maria Callas, the secrets of the unique style of the first media diva]. Corriere della Sera (/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera) (in Italian). Archived (https://archive.today/20180213082054/http://www.corriere.it/moda/news/17_agosto_25/maria-callas-bella-come-audrey-mediatica-come-madonna-50233656-8983-11e7-aad2-bad72feebda7.shtml) from the original on 2018-02-13 . Retrieved 2018-02-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Olsen, Kerry (2017-02-21). "Maria Callas, From Reality to Runway" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180126150407/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/21/fashion/maria-callas-exhibition-milan.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Archived from the original (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/21/fashion/maria-callas-exhibition-milan.html) on 2018-01-26 . Retrieved 2018-02-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sally Williams (2007-11-04). "A Problem Mile Maria" (http://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-sunday-telegraph-stella/20071104/282037617807114) . The Sunday Telegraph (/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph) . Retrieved 2018-02-13 – via pressreader.com. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Michela Panigo. "Elvira Leonardi Bouyeure (Biki)" (http://www.enciclopediadelledonne.it/biografie/elvira-leonardi-bouyeure-biki/) . enciclopediadelledonne.it (in Italian) . Retrieved 2018-02-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Paola Zonca (2004-10-07). "All' asta i gioielli della Biki la signora dell' alta moda" (http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2004/10/07/all-asta-gioielli-della--la-signora.html) [Jewels of , the lady of high fashion, at an auction]. la Repubblica (/wiki/La_Repubblica) (in Italian). Archived (https://archive.today/20180213085105/http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2004/10/07/all-asta-gioielli-della-biki-la-signora.html) from the original on 2018-02-13 . Retrieved 2018-02-13 . ^ Jump up to: a b Marta Boneschi (2010-10-18). "La donna lombarda, una forza di modernità e di integrazione" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180213064140/http://www.corriere.it/economia/italie/lombardia/notizie/boneschi-donna-lombarda-forza-modernita_d33fca90-dad0-11df-9e55-00144f02aabc.shtml) [The Lombard woman, a force of modernity and integration]. Corriere della Sera (/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera) (in Italian). Archived from the original (http://www.corriere.it/economia/italie/lombardia/notizie/boneschi-donna-lombarda-forza-modernita_d33fca90-dad0-11df-9e55-00144f02aabc.shtml) on 2018-02-13 . Retrieved 2018-02-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Masiola, Rosanna; Cittadini, Sabrina (2020-07-06). The Golden Dawn of Italian Fashion: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Maria Monaci Gallenga . Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 55. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5275-5575-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-nf_8-0) Evelin Ojamets (2017-05-22). "Biki – the style creator of diva Callas" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180213093439/http://nordicfashionistalifestyle.com/biki-the-style-creator-of-diva-callas/) . nordicfashionistalifestyle.com . Archived from the original (http://nordicfashionistalifestyle.com/biki-the-style-creator-of-diva-callas/) on 2018-02-13 . Retrieved 2018-02-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Phillips-Matz, Mary Jane (2002-10-03). Puccini: A Biography . UPNE. p. XIII. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-55553-530-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-am_10-0) Rosalind McKever (2014-04-16). "Review: Made in Italy, 'The Glamour of Italian Fashion' at the V&A" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180213204350/https://www.apollo-magazine.com/review-made-italy-glamour-italian-fashion-va/) . Apollo (/wiki/Apollo_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (https://www.apollo-magazine.com/review-made-italy-glamour-italian-fashion-va/) on 2018-02-13 . Retrieved 2018-02-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Made in Italy" (http://www.johnnymoncada.com/made-in-italy) . johnnymoncada.com . Retrieved 2017-12-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Potvin, John, ed. (2013-01-11). The Places and Spaces of Fashion, 1800-2007 . Routledge. p. 149. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-1360-8610-6 . Retrieved 2017-12-27 – via Google Books. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Umberto De Agostino (2017-09-28). "L'amica di Marta Marzotto: "Così le rubai il fidanzato" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180213211847/http://laprovinciapavese.gelocal.it/tempo-libero/2017/09/28/news/l-amica-di-marta-marzotto-cosi-le-rubai-il-fidanzato-1.15914746) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20180213211847/http://laprovinciapavese.gelocal.it/tempo-libero/2017/09/28/news/l-amica-di-marta-marzotto-cosi-le-rubai-il-fidanzato-1.15914746) [Marta Marzotto's friend: «So I stole her boyfriend»]. La Provincia Pavese (/wiki/La_Provincia_Pavese) (in Italian). Archived from the original (http://laprovinciapavese.gelocal.it/tempo-libero/2017/09/28/news/l-amica-di-marta-marzotto-cosi-le-rubai-il-fidanzato-1.15914746) on 2018-02-13 . Retrieved 2018-02-13 . 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Dress worn by Victoria, Princess Royal, at her wedding to Prince Frederick of Prussia in 1858 Left to right: Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) , Prince Albert (/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort) , and Victoria, Princess Royal (/wiki/Victoria,_Princess_Royal) , in the clothes they wore for the princess's wedding The wedding dress of Victoria, Princess Royal (/wiki/Victoria,_Princess_Royal) , was worn by the eldest daughter of Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) in 1858. On 25 January 1858, a royal wedding took place that was designed to align the fortunes of Europe's two most important powers, Great Britain and Germany's chief principality, Prussia. The bride was Victoria, Princess Royal, the oldest child of Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) and her husband, Prince Albert (/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort) . She married Prince Frederick of Prussia (/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor) , later Frederick III, German Emperor (/wiki/German_Emperor) and King of Prussia (/wiki/King_of_Prussia) , son of Prince Wilhelm (/wiki/Wilhelm_I,_German_Emperor) (heir-presumptive to the Prussian throne) and Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (/wiki/Augusta_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach) , at St. James's Palace (/wiki/St._James%27s_Palace) , Chapel Royal (/wiki/Chapel_Royal) , St. James's, London, England. The dress was composed of a rich robe of white moire antique ornamented with three flounces of Honiton (/wiki/Honiton) lace. [1] (#cite_note-RoyalDress-1) The design of the lace consisted of bouquets in open work of the rose, shamrock, and thistle in three medallions. [1] (#cite_note-RoyalDress-1) At the top of each flounce on the front of the dress were wreaths of orange and myrtle blossoms, [1] (#cite_note-RoyalDress-1) the latter being the bridal flower of Germany. Every wreath ended with bouquets of the same flowers and the length of each being so graduated as to give the appearance of a robe hemmed with flowers. The apex of this floral pyramid was formed by a large bouquet worn on the girdle. The train, which was of an unusual length of more than three yards, was of white moire antique, trimmed with two rows of Honiton lace surmounted by wreaths similar to those on the flounces of the dress with bouquets at short intervals. [2] (#cite_note-2) See also [ edit ] Victorian era portal (/wiki/Portal:Victorian_era) List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Royal Wedding Dresses throughout history" (https://www.royal.uk/wedding-dresses) . The Royal Family. 11 May 2018 . Retrieved 9 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Walter Hilliard Bidwell (/wiki/Walter_Hilliard_Bidwell) . Imperial courts of France, England, Russia, Prussia, Sardinia, and Austria: Richly illustrated with portraits of imperial sovereigns and their cabinet ministers , C. Scribner, 1863. pg 349. v t e Wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dress) worn at British (/wiki/British_royal_family) royal weddings (/wiki/List_of_royal_weddings) 19th century Princess Charlotte of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales) (1816) Queen Victoria (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Queen_Victoria) (1840) Victoria, Princess Royal (1858) Princess Alice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1862) Princess Alexandra of Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Denmark) (1863) Princess Helena (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1866) Princess Louise (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1871) Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_Margaret_of_Prussia) (1879) Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Helen_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont) (1882) Princess Beatrice (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1885) Princess Louise of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Louise_of_Wales) (1889) Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Schleswig-Holstein) (1891) Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Victoria_Mary_of_Teck) (1893) Princess Maud of Wales (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Maud_of_Wales) (1896) 20th century Princess Alice of Albany (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alice_of_Albany) (1904) Princess Margaret of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_Connaught) (1905) Princess Alexandra (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_2nd_Duchess_of_Fife#Marriage) (1913) Princess Patricia of Connaught (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Patricia_of_Connaught) (1919) Princess Mary (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Mary_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1922) Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Elizabeth_Bowes-Lyon) (1923) Princess Maud (/wiki/Maud_Carnegie,_Countess_of_Southesk#Marriage) (1923) Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Marina_of_Greece_and_Denmark) (1934) Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Alice_Montagu_Douglas_Scott) (1935) Wallis Warfield (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Wallis_Warfield) (1937) Princess Elizabeth (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Elizabeth_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1947) Princess Margaret (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Margaret_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1960) Katharine Worsley (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Katharine_Worsley) (1961) Princess Alexandra of Kent (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Alexandra_of_Kent) (1963) Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Birgitte_van_Deurs_Henriksen) (1972) Princess Anne (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1973) Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Baroness_Marie_Christine_von_Reibnitz) (1978) Lady Diana Spencer (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Lady_Diana_Spencer) (1981) Sarah Ferguson (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sarah_Ferguson) (1986) Anne, Princess Royal (/wiki/Wedding_dresses_of_Princess_Anne_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1992) Sophie Rhys-Jones (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Sophie_Rhys-Jones) (1999) 21st century Camilla Parker Bowles (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Camilla_Parker_Bowles) (2005) Catherine Middleton (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Catherine_Middleton) (2011) Meghan Markle (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Meghan_Markle) (2018) Princess Eugenie of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Eugenie_of_York) (2018) Princess Beatrice of York (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Beatrice_of_York) (2020) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐4znlg Cached time: 20240712233654 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.269 seconds Real time usage: 0.357 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 538/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20505/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1388/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14449/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.187/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3870572/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 316.772 1 -total 32.02% 101.436 1 Template:British_Royal_wedding_dresses 30.91% 97.912 1 Template:Navbox 29.80% 94.397 1 Template:Reflist 25.98% 82.282 1 Template:Cite_web 22.42% 71.029 1 Template:Short_description 12.71% 40.249 2 Template:Pagetype 8.97% 28.401 1 Template:Portal 6.08% 19.270 4 Template:Main_other 5.35% 16.943 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31711831-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712233654 and revision id 1193371244. 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Dutch model and equestrian Annette Roque Roque in 2012 Born December 1966 (age 57) Leeuwarden (/wiki/Leeuwarden) , Netherlands Occupation(s) Model, equestrian Spouse Matt Lauer (/wiki/Matt_Lauer) ( m. 1998; div. 2019) Children 3 Annette Roque (born December 1966) is a model and equestrian (/wiki/Equestrianism) . [1] (#cite_note-people-1) Her mother is Dutch and her father is Indonesian. [1] (#cite_note-people-1) As a model in the 1980s and 1990s, Roque was known professionally as "Jade Roque." She appeared widely in European cosmetics ads, and in the J. Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) and Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) catalogs in the United States. [1] (#cite_note-people-1) Roque was a Revlon (/wiki/Revlon) "spokesmodel" (/wiki/List_of_Revlon_spokesmodels) . Roque co-owns and manages Bright Side Farm, a horse farm in the Hamptons (/wiki/The_Hamptons) completed in 2013. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Personal life [ edit ] Roque was married to American television journalist Matt Lauer (/wiki/Matt_Lauer) , whom she met on a blind date (/wiki/Blind_date) in July 1997. Lauer proposed to Roque after five months of dating and the two wed in Water Mill, New York (/wiki/Water_Mill,_New_York) , on October 3, 1998. [5] (#cite_note-5) They have three children together: 2 sons and a daughter. [6] (#cite_note-tandc-6) In September 2006, while pregnant, Roque filed for divorce, citing cruel and inhumane treatment from Lauer, but they later reconciled. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) However, in 2018, she filed for divorce a second time following a series of sexual assault allegations against Lauer by multiple alleged victims. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Petit, Stephanie (November 30, 2017). "Who is Annette Roque?" (http://people.com/tv/who-is-annette-roque-matt-lauer-wife/) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved December 25, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Watson, Dawn (August 26, 2013). "Looking At Matt And Annette Lauer's Bright Side" (http://www.27east.com/news/article_print.cfm?id=30719) . The Southampton Press . Southampton, New York: Press Newspaper Group . Retrieved December 27, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Cook, Cindi (July 1, 2015). "Field of Dreams". Hamptons Cottages & Gardens . New York: Cottages & Gardens Publications. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Cook, Cindi (July 1, 2015). "Passionate for Both Horses and the Hamptons, Annette and Matt Lauer Bring Bright Side Farm to Life" (http://www.cottages-gardens.com/Hamptons-Cottages-Gardens/July-2015/Matt-Lauer-Hamptons-Horses-Bright-Side-Farm-Tour/) . Hamptons Cottages & Gardens . Retrieved December 25, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Gliatto, Tom (October 19, 1998). "Matt Lauer Annette Roque Wedding" (http://people.com/archive/today-and-forever-vol-50-no-14) . People (/wiki/People_(magazine)) . Retrieved November 29, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-tandc_6-0) Dangremond, Sam (December 21, 2017). "8 Things to Know About Matt Lauer's Wife, Annette Roque" (http://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/g13987884/annette-roque-matt-lauer-wife-facts/) . Town & Country (/wiki/Town_%26_Country_(magazine)) . Retrieved December 25, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) " (http://radaronline.com/exclusives/2014/10/matt-lauer-divorce-documents-cruel-inhumane/) 'Today' Shocker: Matt Lauer's Wife Accuses Him Of 'Cruel & Inhumane' Treatment In Divorce Papers Kept Secret — Until Now!" (http://radaronline.com/exclusives/2014/10/matt-lauer-divorce-documents-cruel-inhumane/) . Radar Online . October 14, 2014 . Retrieved November 29, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Telling, Gillian (May 16, 2017). "Matt Lauer Is Heading for a $100 Million Divorce: What's at Stake?" (http://people.com/tv/matt-lauer-heading-100-million-divorce/) . People . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Matt Lauer and Annette Roque Divorce: She Wants a 'One-Time Cash Payout' (https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/matt-lauer-annette-roque-divorce-details-who-gets-what/) " (https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/matt-lauer-annette-roque-divorce-details-who-gets-what/) . U.S. Magazine . May 16, 2018. External links [ edit ] Who is Annette Roque? (http://people.com/tv/who-is-annette-roque-matt-lauer-wife/) 8 Things to Know About Matt Lauer's Wife, Annette Roque (http://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/g13987884/annette-roque-matt-lauer-wife-facts/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐tslq2 Cached time: 20240719213105 Cache expiry: 1045736 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.329 seconds Real time usage: 0.449 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2454/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22762/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3219/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35501/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.194/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6088561/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 426.268 1 -total 46.66% 198.886 1 Template:Infobox_person 31.21% 133.024 1 Template:Reflist 23.56% 100.417 6 Template:Cite_web 19.06% 81.236 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 16.30% 69.487 1 Template:Short_description 13.93% 59.382 1 Template:Marriage 9.33% 39.772 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.28% 39.552 2 Template:Pagetype 7.70% 32.832 18 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38982281-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719213105 and revision id 1228831490. 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐554fdbb9db‐f28pn Cached time: 20240711233718 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38690435-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711233718 and revision id 1021911604. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Fashion events in Georgia (country)" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . M Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Tbilisi (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Tbilisi) T Tbilisi Fashion Week (/wiki/Tbilisi_Fashion_Week) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_events_in_Georgia_(country)&oldid=1021911604 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_events_in_Georgia_(country)&oldid=1021911604) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion of Georgia (country) (/wiki/Category:Fashion_of_Georgia_(country)) Fashion events by country (/wiki/Category:Fashion_events_by_country) Entertainment events in Georgia (country) (/wiki/Category:Entertainment_events_in_Georgia_(country))
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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Top_Model_(Scandinavian_TV_series)_season_2) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Top Model (Scandinavian TV series) season 2" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Top+Model+%28Scandinavian+TV+series%29+season+2%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Top+Model+%28Scandinavian+TV+series%29+season+2%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Top+Model+%28Scandinavian+TV+series%29+season+2%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Top+Model+%28Scandinavian+TV+series%29+season+2%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Top+Model+%28Scandinavian+TV+series%29+season+2%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Top+Model+%28Scandinavian+TV+series%29+season+2%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Season of television series Top Model Season 2 No. of episodes 12 Release Original network TV3 (/wiki/TV3_(Viasat)) Original release September 2005 ( 2005-09 ) – November 2005 ( 2005-11 ) Season chronology ← Previous Season 1 (/wiki/Top_Model_(Scandinavian_TV_series)_season_1) Next → Season 3 (/wiki/Top_Model_(Scandinavian_TV_series)_season_3) List of episodes (/wiki/Top_Model_(Scandinavia)#Seasons) Top Model, season 2 (or Top Model: Paris ) was the second season of Top Model (/wiki/Top_Model_(Scandinavia)) . It was broadcast on TV3 (/wiki/TV3_(Viasat)) in Denmark (/wiki/Denmark) , Norway (/wiki/Norway) and Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) by Viasat (/wiki/Viasat_(Nordic_television_service)) from September to November 2005. The winner of the competition 17-year-old Frøydis Elvenes from Narvik (/wiki/Narvik) . [1] (#cite_note-vg.no-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) The runners-up were Anna Nørgaard from Højbjerg (/wiki/H%C3%B8jbjerg) and Arwen Bergröm from Sundsvall (/wiki/Sundsvall) . [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Call-out order [ edit ] Call-out order [ citation needed ] Order Episodes 8 9 10 12 1 Frøydis 2 Anna Arwen 3 4 Janni Kristine Tine Holm 5 6 7 Karin Louise 8 9 Mikaela The contestant was eliminated The contestant won the competition Norway's pre-selection [ edit ] Norway's contestants Norway's competition was hosted by Kathrine Sørland (/wiki/Kathrine_S%C3%B8rland) , who was also the head judge until the three countries merged and Cynthia Garrett (/w/index.php?title=Cynthia_Garrett&action=edit&redlink=1) took over. The first episode was aired in Norway on 5 September 2005, with the finale being aired on 21 November. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The first episode saw nine contestants selected for the competition. The final three girls chosen to compete in the final competition with Denmark and Sweden were Frøydis Elvenes, Karin Santini and Kristine Øverby. The last contestant standing was Elvenes, who went on to win the competition. [1] (#cite_note-vg.no-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) As part of her prizes, Elvenes received a cover and multiple-page spread in FHM (/wiki/FHM) . Final 9 [ edit ] Contestant Age Hometown Finish Nazila Shirindel 20 Bergen (/wiki/Bergen) Episode 2 Annette Kjær 22 — Episode 3 Nora Møller 21 — Episode 4 Elise Måge 21 Haugesund (/wiki/Haugesund) Episode 5 Sarah Mohamud 18 Karmøy (/wiki/Karm%C3%B8y) Episode 6 Sandra Otteraaen 18 Bergen (/wiki/Bergen) Episode 7 Final 3 [ edit ] Contestant Age Hometown Finish Place Karin Santini 19 Bekkestua (/wiki/Bekkestua) Episode 8 9–7 Kristine Øverby 20 Aurskog (/wiki/Aurskog) Episode 10 6–4 Frøydis Elvenes 17 Narvik (/wiki/Narvik) Episode 12 1 Denmark's pre-selection [ edit ] Denmark's competition was hosted by Anne Pedersen who was also the head judge until the three countries merged and Cynthia Garrett took over. The first episode was aired in Denmark on 6 September 2005, with the finale being aired on 22 November. [5] (#cite_note-5) The first episode saw nine contestants selected for the competition. The final three girls chosen to compete in the final competition with Norway and Sweden were Anna Nørgaard, Louise Falkenblad and Tine Holm Riis. The last contestant standing was Nørgaard, who was runner-up overall. [6] (#cite_note-6) Contestants [ edit ] ( ages stated are at start of contest ) [7] (#cite_note-7) Final 9 [ edit ] Contestant Age Hometown Finish Mikaela K. Ibsen 19 Risskov (/wiki/Risskov) Episode 2 Tanja Johnsen 20 Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) Episode 3 Line Bang 19 Copenhagen (/wiki/Copenhagen) Episode 4 Sofie Thrane 22 Odense (/wiki/Odense) Episode 5 Heidi Helm Larsen 21 Holstebro (/wiki/Holstebro) Episode 6 Lise M. Andersen 23 Herlev (/wiki/Herlev) Episode 7 Final 3 [ edit ] Contestant Age Hometown Finish Place Louise Falkenblad 19 Herlev (/wiki/Herlev) Episode 8 9–7 Tine Holm Riis 21 Aarhus (/wiki/Aarhus) Episode 10 6–4 Anna Nørgaard 18 Højbjerg (/wiki/H%C3%B8jbjerg) Episode 12 3–2 Judges [ edit ] Anne Pedersen (host) Camilla Frank ( Costume editor) Helen Dohlman (runway show choreographer) Jeppe Mydtskov (Unique Models) Mariana Verkerk (guest judge, posing and catwalk coach) Sweden's pre-selection [ edit ] Sweden's contestants Sweden's competition was hosted by Mini Andén (/wiki/Mini_And%C3%A9n) , who was also the head judge until the three countries merged and Cynthia Garrett took over. The first episode was aired in Sweden on 14 September 2005, with the finale being aired on 30 November. The first episode saw nine contestants selected for the competition. The final three girls chosen to compete in the final competition with Denmark and Norway were Arwen Bergström, Janni Juntunen and Mikaela Källgren. The last contestant standing was Bergström, who was runner-up overall. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Contestants [ edit ] ( ages stated are at start of contest ) [8] (#cite_note-8) Final 9 [ edit ] Contestant Age Hometown Finish Fahrie Berisha 19 Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) Episode 2 Charlotte Treschow 22 Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) Episode 3 Anna Maria Moström † [a] (#cite_note-Anna_Maria-10) 20 Kungsör (/wiki/Kungs%C3%B6r) Episode 4 Jazzmine Berger 18 Järfälla (/wiki/J%C3%A4rf%C3%A4lla_Municipality) Episode 5 Maria Lindgren 22 Gothenburg (/wiki/Gothenburg) Episode 6 Emelie Törnqvist 20 Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) Episode 7 ^ (#cite_ref-Anna_Maria_10-0) In October 2014, contestant Anna Maria Moström died after colliding with a bus while cycling in New York. [9] (#cite_note-9) Final 3 [ edit ] Contestant Age Hometown Finish Place Mikaela Källgren 19 Bjursås (/wiki/Bjurs%C3%A5s) Episode 8 9–7 Janni Juntunen 21 Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) Episode 10 6–4 Mikaela "Arwen" Bergström 18 Sundsvall (/wiki/Sundsvall) Episode 12 3–2 Photo shoot guide [ edit ] Photo shoot 1: Workout in Paris (/wiki/Paris) Photo shoot 2: In spider's web Photo shoot 3: Water advert at the Eiffel Tower (/wiki/Eiffel_Tower) Photo shoot 4: Disco balls & bags Photo shoot 5: Angels & devils Photo shoot 6: Marie Antoinette (/wiki/Marie_Antoinette) style in Versailles (/wiki/Versailles) Photo shoot 7: Bikinis in St. Tropez (/wiki/St._Tropez) Photo shoot 8: Group photo with dogs Photo shoot 9: Moulin Rouge (/wiki/Moulin_Rouge) Photo shoot 10: Eiffel Tower glamour References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Norsk "Top Model" for andre år på rad: Slankepresset var tøft for Frøydis" (http://www.vg.no/rampelys/tv/slankepresset-var-toeft-for-froeydis/a/297376/) . 22 November 2005. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "NameBright - Coming Soon" (http://www.tvnyt.com/artikel/default.asp?id=12556) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "TopModel NO" (https://web.archive.org/web/20050911095147/http://www.topmodel.tv3.no/news_episodes.aspx?show=episodes) . www.topmodel.tv3.no . Archived from the original (http://www.topmodel.tv3.no/news_episodes.aspx?show=episodes) on 11 September 2005 . Retrieved 12 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "TopModel NO" (https://web.archive.org/web/20051211222932/http://www.topmodel.tv3.no/news_episodes.aspx?show=episodes) . www.topmodel.tv3.no . Archived from the original (http://www.topmodel.tv3.no/news_episodes.aspx?show=episodes) on 11 December 2005 . Retrieved 12 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Topmodel 2005" (https://web.archive.org/web/20051222170909/http://www.topmodel.tv3.dk/index.phtml?nav_id=29&PHPSESSID=0d7744cbac3b982a3b0f71feebac89e9) . 2005-12-22. Archived from the original on December 22, 2005 . Retrieved 2016-03-29 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) ) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Norske Frøydis blev Skandinaviens næste Top Model" (http://www.tvnyt.com/artikel/default.asp?id=12556) . www.tvnyt.com . Retrieved 2016-03-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Topmodel 2005" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060115170518/http://www.topmodel.tv3.dk/index.phtml?nav_id=4&PHPSESSID=8f561c391ef1df9d51b95f4d77af576f) . 2006-01-15. Archived from the original on January 15, 2006 . Retrieved 2016-03-29 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL) ) ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Modeduellen" (https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/tv/article10664490.ab) . 15 September 2005. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Top Swedish model dies in New York" (http://www.thelocal.se/20141014/top-swedish-model-on-death-bed) . The Local . Retrieved 15 October 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official website of Top Model Norge (https://web.archive.org/web/20050929011236/http://www.topmodel.tv3.no/) (archive at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ) Official website of Top Model Danmark (https://web.archive.org/web/20050911200503/http://www.topmodel.tv3.dk/) (archive at the Wayback Machine) v t e Top Model (/wiki/Top_Model) National franchises United States (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) (original) Albania Australia (/wiki/Australia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Austria (/wiki/Austria%27s_Next_Topmodel) Belgium ( Topmodel (/wiki/Topmodel_(Belgian_TV_series)) , Belgium's Next Top Model (/wiki/Belgium%27s_Next_Top_Model) ) Brazil (/wiki/Brazil%27s_Next_Top_Model) Cambodia (/wiki/Cambodia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Canada (/wiki/Canada%27s_Next_Top_Model) China (/wiki/China%27s_Next_Top_Model) Colombia (/wiki/Colombia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Croatia (/wiki/Hrvatski_Top_Model) Denmark (/wiki/Danmarks_N%C3%A6ste_Topmodel) Estonia (/wiki/Eesti_tippmodell) Finland (/wiki/Suomen_huippumalli_haussa) France (/wiki/Top_Model_(French_TV_series)) Georgia (/wiki/TOP_gogo) Germany (/wiki/Germany%27s_Next_Topmodel) Greece (/wiki/Greece%27s_Next_Top_Model) Hungary (/wiki/Topmodell_(Hungarian_TV_series)) India ( India's Next Top Model (/wiki/India%27s_Next_Top_Model) , Top Model India (/wiki/Top_Model_India) ) Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Israel (/wiki/HaDugmaniot) Italy (/wiki/Italia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Kazakhstan (/wiki/Ya_krasivaya) Malta Mexico (/wiki/Mexico%27s_Next_Top_Model) Mongolia (/wiki/Mongolia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Netherlands (/wiki/Holland%27s_Next_Top_Model) New Zealand (/wiki/New_Zealand%27s_Next_Top_Model) Norway (/wiki/Top_Model_Norge) Peru (/wiki/Peru%27s_Next_Top_Model) Philippines (/wiki/Philippines%27_Next_Top_Model) Poland (/wiki/Top_Model_(Polish_TV_series)) Romania (/wiki/Next_Top_Model_(Romanian_TV_series)) Russia ( You are a supermodel (/wiki/You_are_a_supermodel) , Top Model po-russki (/wiki/Top_Model_po-russki) , You are a Top Model (/wiki/You_are_a_Top_Model) ) Serbia (/wiki/Srpski_Top_Model) Slovakia Slovenia (/wiki/Slovenski_Top_Model) South Korea (/wiki/Korea%27s_Next_Top_Model) Sweden (/wiki/Top_Model_Sverige) Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland%27s_Next_Topmodel) Taiwan (/wiki/Taiwan_Supermodel_No._1) Thailand (/wiki/Thailand%27s_Next_Top_Model) Turkey (/wiki/Top_Model_T%C3%BCrkiye) Ukraine (/wiki/Top_Model_po-ukrainsky) Vietnam (/wiki/Vietnam%27s_Next_Top_Model) Multinational franchises Africa (/wiki/Africa%27s_Next_Top_Model) Asia (/wiki/Asia%27s_Next_Top_Model) Benelux (/wiki/Benelux%27_Next_Top_Model) Caribbean (/wiki/Caribbean%27s_Next_Top_Model) Scandinavia ( Top Model (/wiki/Top_Model_(Scandinavian_TV_series)) , Top Model Curves (/wiki/Top_Model_Curves) ) United Kingdom & Ireland (/wiki/Britain%27s_Next_Top_Model) Italics indicate inactive or cancelled franchise NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐vqpjn Cached time: 20240722165847 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.445 seconds Real time usage: 0.598 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1955/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 50523/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2574/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 21/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 46814/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.278/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7176657/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 534.560 1 -total 32.41% 173.251 1 Template:Infobox_television_season 24.60% 131.517 2 Template:Reflist 20.08% 107.333 9 Template:Cite_web 18.94% 101.232 1 Template:Top_Model 18.32% 97.939 1 Template:Infobox 16.95% 90.620 1 Template:Navbox 15.09% 80.662 1 Template:More_citations_needed 14.65% 78.298 12 Template:Main_other 12.35% 66.032 1 Template:Ambox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:20517880-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722165847 and revision id 1218384292. 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American fashion designer Andre Soriano Soriano at his San Diego (/wiki/San_Diego) home Born ( 1970-09-17 ) September 17, 1970 (age 53) Manila, Philippines (/wiki/Manila,_Philippines) Nationality Filipino American Citizenship American Education FIDM (/wiki/FIDM) at San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) Occupation(s) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , television actor (/wiki/Television_actor) Label Andre Soriano Political party Republican (/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)) Website www (http://www.AndreSoriano.com) .andresoriano (http://www.AndreSoriano.com) .com (http://www.AndreSoriano.com) Andre Soriano (born September 17, 1970) is an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) , specializing in couture and wedding gowns. He is also a reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) star. Early life [ edit ] Soriano was born and raised to a Filipino family [1] (#cite_note-1) in Manila (/wiki/Manila) , Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) . Television [ edit ] In 2013, he competed on the first season of Styled to Rock (/wiki/Styled_to_Rock_(American_TV_series)) and came in 7th place. [2] (#cite_note-2) Fashion [ edit ] Andre Soriano's first runway show was at San Diego Fashion Week. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2014, Soriano was featured at Style Fashion Week L.A. officially knows as Los Angeles Fashion Week (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fashion_Week) , showcasing his a pre-fall collection. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) His models included celebrities such as Jessica Sanchez (/wiki/Jessica_Sanchez) and María Conchita Alonso (/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Conchita_Alonso) . [6] (#cite_note-6) He was praised for his Heiress collection at Style Fashion Week. [7] (#cite_note-7) Sorian's swimwear line has been worn by Maitland Ward (/wiki/Maitland_Ward) . [8] (#cite_note-8) He is also well known for his luxury bridal wear. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Soriano designed a dress for singer Joy Villa (/wiki/Joy_Villa) for the 2015 Grammy Awards (/wiki/2015_Grammy_Awards) made entirely of orange construction fencing that attracted media attention. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) He was also featured in Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) for a gown he made for Christianne Christensen. [13] (#cite_note-13) Politics [ edit ] Soriano has openly spoken about LGBT (/wiki/LGBT) issues. [14] (#cite_note-14) Being a supporter of United States (/wiki/United_States) president Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) , [15] (#cite_note-15) he designed a gown for Joy Villa (/wiki/Joy_Villa) for the 2017 Grammy Awards (/wiki/2017_Grammy_Awards) in support of Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign. (/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign) [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2020, Soriano again created a dress worn by Villa supporting Donald Trump's 2020 presidential campaign (/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign) . [17] (#cite_note-17) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "About Andre - Luxury Fashion Designer, Ready-To-Wear Apparel, Custom Wedding and Bridal Gowns and Dresses - Andre Soriano" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161013003759/http://www.andresoriano.com/info/about-andre/) . Luxury Fashion Designer, Ready-To-Wear Apparel, Custom Wedding and Bridal Gowns and Dresses - Andre Soriano . Archived from the original (http://www.andresoriano.com/info/about-andre/) on October 13, 2016 . Retrieved October 11, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Andre Soriano" (http://www.bravotv.com/people/andre-soriano) . Bravo TV Official Site . September 27, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "FWSD 2013 Designer Spotlight | Andre Soriano" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161012151343/http://fashionweeksd.com/fwsd-2013-designer-spotlight-andre-soriano/) . FashionWeekSD.com . April 1, 2013. Archived from the original (http://fashionweeksd.com/fwsd-2013-designer-spotlight-andre-soriano/) on October 12, 2016 . Retrieved October 11, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "PUNK DE LUXE: ANDRE SORIANO PRE FALL 2014 Style FW L.A. Live" (http://www.newyorkfashiontimes.com/punk-de-luxe-andre-soriano-pre-fall-2014-style-fw-l-a-live/) . October 15, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Designer Andre Soriano" (http://www.finehomesandliving.com/October-2013/Designer-Andre-Soriano/) . October 7, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Jessica Sanchez saves the day for Andre Soriano at Style Fashion Week" (https://www.axs.com/jessica-sanchez-saves-the-day-for-andre-soriano-at-style-fashion-week-24137) . AXS . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Andre Soriano at Style Fashion Week" (https://www.apparelnews.net/news/2015/oct/19/andre-soriano-style-fashion-week/) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Maitland Ward is the New Face of Andre Soriano's Swimwear Line — See Pics From Her Sexy Photo Shoot" (http://www.intouchweekly.com/posts/maitland-ward-swimsuit-pics-105138/photos/maitland-ward-swimsuit-1-165399) . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Dopamine Antagonist - Andre Soriano Bridal Campaign" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsI8OY2L48Y) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . July 26, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Not For the Classic Princess: Extreme Bridal by Andre Soriano" (http://www.justluxe.com/fine-living/fashion/feature-1948936.php) . JustLuxe . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Pret-a-Reporter" (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/grammy-awards-a-pro-trump-statement-red-carpet-974968) . The Hollywood Reporter . February 12, 2017 . Retrieved February 13, 2017 . In 2015, her revealing look consisted of orange construction fencing, designed by Andre Soriano ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Orange Grammy Dress Made by Local Designer" (http://www.nbcsandiego.com/blogs/sounddiego/Orange-Fence-Dress-at-Grammys-Made-by-Local-Designer-291432921.html) . NBC 7 San Diego . February 10, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Andre Soriano Couture by Christianne Christensen on Vanity Fair" (http://ibdl.vanityfair.com/look/andre-soriano-couture) . Vanity Fair . July 30, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-14) journalist, Charlotte Robinson Broadcast; Voices', 'outtake (January 10, 2014). "Andre Soriano Talks LGBT Issues and Life After Styled to Rock (AUDIO) | Huffington Post" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/charlotte-robinson/andre-soriano-talks-lgbt-_b_4560820.html) . The Huffington Post . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Designer of MAGA Dress that SHOCKED the Red Carpet Speaks Out" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yu16Gqv3KKg) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . May 15, 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Joy Villa's Pro-Trump Grammys Dress Designer Is an Immigrant" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/grammys/7686301/joy-villa-pro-trump-grammys-dress-designer-immigrant) . Billboard . Retrieved November 12, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Williamson, Elizabeth (June 25, 2018). "At a Toast to Trump, the North Korean Anthem Has a Starring Role" (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/us/politics/trump-women-north-korea.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved March 11, 2020 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.andresoriano.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5486b6fcc7‐vjqwp Cached time: 20240629090022 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.294 seconds Real time usage: 0.389 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2345/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31990/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1894/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 62251/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.183/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7074443/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 361.268 1 -total 37.94% 137.068 1 Template:Reflist 35.14% 126.937 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 29.05% 104.964 13 Template:Cite_web 15.59% 56.323 1 Template:Short_description 10.11% 36.511 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.63% 34.780 2 Template:Pagetype 7.79% 28.151 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 6.77% 24.441 20 Template:Main_other 5.43% 19.633 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51958349-0!canonical and timestamp 20240629090022 and revision id 1225442674. 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Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma The Diamond Crown of Bulgaria ( Bulgarian (/wiki/Bulgarian_language) : Диамантена Корона на България ) was a part of the Bulgarian royal regalia (/wiki/Regalia) (along with the Sceptres (/wiki/Sceptre) of Ferdinand I (/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria) and Boris III (/wiki/Boris_III_of_Bulgaria) ), that existed during the Bulgarian monarchy from 1878 to 1946 (/wiki/List_of_Bulgarian_monarchs#Principality_(1878–1908)_and_Kingdom_of_Bulgaria_(1908–1946)) . The Bulgarian government ordered the crown as a national present at the occasion of the wedding of Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma (/wiki/Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma) to Prince Ferdinand I (/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria) . It was made by the Viennese (/wiki/Vienna) jewellers Köchert. (/wiki/A._E._K%C3%B6chert) [1] (#cite_note-1) Ferdinand I & Eleonore Reuss of Köstritz The original top of the crown was replaced from the French Fleur-de-lis (/wiki/Fleur-de-lis) to the Bulgarian boll with a cross on top of it. The crown was first used by Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma (/wiki/Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma) on her wedding to Prince Ferdinand I (/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria) . It later passed to and was used by Ferdinand's second wife, Princess Eleonore Reuss of Köstritz (/wiki/Eleonore_Reuss_of_K%C3%B6stritz) . The current whereabouts of the crown are unknown. See also [ edit ] Coronation of the Bulgarian monarch (/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Bulgarian_monarch) Regalia of the Bulgarian monarch (/wiki/Regalia_of_the_Bulgarian_monarch) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Neue Freie Presse, 26 April 1893, p.19 ANNO (https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=nfp&datum=18930426&query=%22K%c3%b6chert%22+%22Bulgarien%22&ref=anno-search&seite=19) [1] (https://books.google.com/books?id=DetPBPK9fscC&q=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2) External links [ edit ] Diamond Crown of Bulgaria (http://i73.photobucket.com/albums/i221/pastroyals/Royal%20Jewels/couronnette.jpg) Eleanore wearing the Diamond Crown (https://web.archive.org/web/20131023055626/http://www.royaltombs.dk/bulgaria/eleonora_regalia.gif) v t e Crowns (/wiki/Crown) Albania Helmet of Skanderbeg (/wiki/Arms_of_Skanderbeg#The_helmet) (Vienna) Austria Archducal hat of Austria (/wiki/Archducal_hat) (Klosterneuburg) Imperial Crown of Austria (/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Austria) (Vienna) Brilliant Crown of Empress Elisabeth (/w/index.php?title=Brilliant_Crown_of_Empress_Elisabeth&action=edit&redlink=1) ( de (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brillantkrone_der_Kaiserin_Elisabeth_von_%C3%96sterreich) ) (missing) Archducal hat of Tyrol (/wiki/Archducal_hat_of_Tyrol) (Mariastein) Ducal hat of Styria (/wiki/Ducal_hat_of_Styria) (Graz) Archducal hat of Joseph II (/wiki/Archducal_hat_of_Joseph_II) (Vienna) Bohemia (/wiki/Bohemia) Crown of Saint Wenceslas (/wiki/Crown_of_Saint_Wenceslas) (Prague) Crown of the Środa Treasure (/wiki/%C5%9Aroda_Treasure) (Środa Śląska) Brazil Crown of Pedro I (/wiki/Crown_of_Pedro_I) (Petrópolis) Imperial Crown of Brazil (/wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Brazil) (Petrópolis) Coronet of the Imperial Prince of Brazil (/w/index.php?title=Coronet_of_the_Imperial_Prince_of_Brazil&action=edit&redlink=1) Coronet of Laurels of Princess Isabel (/w/index.php?title=Coronet_of_Laurels_of_Princess_Isabel&action=edit&redlink=1) British Isles (/wiki/British_Isles) 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Traditional Chinese folk handicraft used as footwear for children Tiger-head shoes, Qing dynasty, 1800s AD Tiger-head shoes ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 虎头鞋 ) are an example of traditional Chinese folk handicraft (/wiki/Chinese_folk_art) used as footwear for children. Their name comes from the toe cap, which looks like the head of a tiger. In the North of China, people also call them cat-head shoes . In Chinese culture, tigers are regarded as auspicious; people embroider the head and the upper of the shoes with tiger or tiger-head patterns, in the hope that their children will become as robust and dynamic as tigers. Also, the vivid image of tiger-head pattern was thought to expel evil spirits to protect their children from diseases and disasters. It is a complicated work to make tiger-head shoes, there are many delicate stitch work such as embroidery, or weaving simply on the head of the shoes. The vamp (/wiki/Shoe#Shoe_construction) (upper part of the shoe) is mainly coloured in red and yellow, and residents [ which? ] usually use thick lines to draw the outline of the mouth, eyebrow, nose and the eyes of the tiger to express its power in an exaggerated way. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Legends [ edit ] The origins of tiger-head shoes are unknown, but there are several folk legends about them. Tiger-head shoes are marked by the practice of exorcising (/wiki/Exorcising) evil spirits. [3] (#cite_note-3) The following is one of the legends: Long long ago, there was a lady who has clever hands and good sense. She was very gifted in embroidery, so that her child was always well dressed. One night, a monster came to the village and caught all the children there except her son. From then people began to realize that the shoes the child wearing were decorated with a tiger’s head at the front which scared the monster, thus leaving the child safe. Therefore, people began to imitate this practice. [4] (#cite_note-4) Region distribution [ edit ] Tiger-head shoes are popular in North China, especially in Hebei (/wiki/Hebei) , Henan (/wiki/Henan) , Shanxi (/wiki/Shanxi) , Shandong (/wiki/Shandong) , Shanxi (/wiki/Shanxi) provinces. Different areas have formed different ways of making tiger-head shoes. In the southern part of Hebei province, the embroidery type is most well-known. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Culture [ edit ] In Chinese culture, the tiger is seen as sturdy and mighty with the title of "king of the beasts". Thus, when it is mentioned, people will naturally feel a sense of power and fright. As a result, the expressions concerning tiger, such as the tiger's roar ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 虎啸 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : huxiao ), its frightful appearance (Chinese: 虎威 ; pinyin: huwei ), and the phrase "vigorous as a tiger" (Chinese: 虎虎有生气 ; pinyin: huhuyoushengqi ) came into being, along with worship of the creature. When a child is growing up, he would come across a series of accidents or even calamities caused by nature or society. These accidents and calamities need to be conquered, so that the child can grow up healthily. Therefore, he is expected to become burly, dignified, and vigorous like a tiger, and possess all the inner qualities of a tiger as well. One major embodiment of this hope is to embroider the patterns of a tiger's heads on shoe toes and uppers. [9] (#cite_note-9) In other words, tiger or tiger-head patterns are used to exorcise evil spirits and accelerate the "tigerous temperament" of a child. See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "邯郸县风俗文化 | 米胖" (http://travel.mipang.com/bible/51583) . Travel.mipang.com . Retrieved 2012-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "虎头鞋官方网站-民间手工艺品（非物质文化遗产-虎头鞋） - Powered by ECShop" (http://www.hutouxie.cn/) . Hutouxie.cn . Retrieved 2012-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "虎头鞋的寓意和传说 浏览文章 大鹏新闻网" (http://www.dpcm.cn/html/zhuanti/linshi_gongyi/20100126/8c3f72d2d88aa103.htm) . Dpcm.cn. 2010-01-26 . Retrieved 2012-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "虎头鞋里的故事" (http://d.g.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_kxzy201010009.aspx) . D.g.wanfangdata.com.cn . Retrieved 2012-06-05 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "虎头鞋[邯郸市丛台教育网(丛台区文教体局)]" (http://www.ctjyw.com.cn/shyyd/ArticleShow.asp?ArticleID=2880) . Ctjyw.com.cn. 2011-04-20 . Retrieved 2012-07-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "大学生用虎头鞋创业 年收50多万元(图文)-虎头鞋,鞋,布鞋-制鞋行业-hc360慧聪网" (http://info.shoes.hc360.com/2009/10/20105956078-2.shtml) . Info.shoes.hc360.com. 2009-10-20 . Retrieved 2012-07-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) 申罡 (2012-03-07). "武香环："虎头鞋"绣出致富路_中国人物" (http://news.china.com.cn/txt/2012-03/07/content_24832608.htm) . News.china.com.cn . Retrieved 2012-07-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "永年县"虎头鞋"俏销(图)-河北新闻-河北新闻网" (http://zhuanti.hebnews.cn/2012/2012-01/16/content_2491993.htm) . Zhuanti.hebnews.cn . Retrieved 2012-07-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) 南京史志 . 南京市地方志编纂委員会办公室. 1997. v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square (/wiki/Mandarin_square) Chinese ornamental gold silk (/wiki/Chinese_ornamental_gold_silk) Goldwork (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) Chinese patchwork (/wiki/Chinese_patchwork) Belief system and social movement Confucianism (/wiki/Confucianism) Taoism (/wiki/Taoism) Wufu (/wiki/Wufu) Wuxing (Chinese philosophy) (/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)) Yin and Yang (/wiki/Yin_and_Yang) Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_movement) Sumptuary laws Tifayifu (/wiki/Tifayifu) Related rituals Guan Li (/wiki/Guan_Li) Ji Li (ceremony) (/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)) Garments Set of attire Ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) Tanling ruqun (/wiki/Tanling_ruqun) Qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) Mianfu (/wiki/Mianfu) Bianfu (/wiki/Bianfu) Tongtianguanfu (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Xuanduan (/wiki/Xuanduan) Diyi (/wiki/Diyi) Zaju chuishao fu (/wiki/Zaju_chuishao_fu) Shanku (/wiki/Shanku) Upper garment Ru (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Shan (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) Chang'ao (/wiki/Chang%27ao) Baijiayi (/wiki/Baijiayi) Daxiushan (/wiki/Daxiushan) Bijia (/wiki/Bijia) Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) Pifeng (/wiki/Beizi) Hechang (/wiki/Beizi) Shuitianyi (/wiki/Shuitianyi) Yuanlingshan (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Robe Shenyi (/wiki/Shenyi) Zhiju (/wiki/Shenyi) Quju (/wiki/Shenyi) Paofu (/wiki/Paofu) Daopao (/wiki/Daopao) Zhiduo (/wiki/Zhiduo_(clothing)) Yuanlingpao (/wiki/Yuanlingshan) Fanlingpao (/wiki/Fanlingpao) Panling Lanshan (/wiki/Panling_Lanshan) Longpao (/wiki/Dragon_robe) Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Tieli (/wiki/Terlig) Yesa (/wiki/Yesa_robe) Zhisun (/wiki/Jis%C3%BCn) Feiyufu (/wiki/Feiyufu) Inner and undergarment Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) Hezi (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Moxiong (/wiki/Hezi_(clothing)) Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) Lower garment Ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) Qun (/wiki/Qun) Baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) Religious clothing Daojiao fushi (/wiki/Daojiao_fushi) Headwear 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This is the user sandbox (/wiki/Help:My_sandbox) of KanyeWest2003 (/w/index.php?title=User:KanyeWest2003&action=edit&redlink=1) . A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page (/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages) . It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article . Create or edit your own sandbox here (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:MyPage/sandbox&action=edit&preload=Template:User_sandbox/preload) . Other sandboxes: Main sandbox (/wiki/Draft:Sandbox) | Template sandbox (/wiki/Template:Template_sandbox) Finished writing a draft article? Are you ready to request review of it by an experienced editor for possible inclusion in Wikipedia? Submit your draft for review! American rapper and producer (born 1977) "Kanye" redirects here. For other uses, see Kanye (disambiguation) (/wiki/Kanye_(disambiguation)) and Kanye West (disambiguation) (/wiki/Kanye_West_(disambiguation)) . Kanye West West in August 2000 Born Kanye Omari West ( 1977-02-05 ) February 5, 1977 (age 47) Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) , Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)) , U.S. Died 23 October 2002 (2002-10-23) (aged 25) West Hollywood, California, United States Cause of death After leaving the studio at around 3 a.m. in his rented Lexus, he had a fatal crash when he had fallen asleep at the wheel, he was taken to the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and shortly died. Resting place Hollywood Forever Cemetery, California Other names Ye [a] (#cite_note-name-1) Yeezy Occupations Rapper singer songwriter record producer Years active 1996–2001 Organization Donda (/wiki/Donda_(company)) Parent Donda West (/wiki/Donda_West) (mother) Relatives Devo Harris (/wiki/Devo_Harris) (cousin) Tony Williams (/wiki/The_WRLDFMS_Tony_Williams) (cousin) Musical career Origin Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) , Illinois (/wiki/Illinois) , U.S. Genres Hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) progressive rap (/wiki/Progressive_rap) pop (/wiki/Pop_music) art pop (/wiki/Art_pop) gospel (/wiki/Gospel_music) Discography Albums (/wiki/Kanye_West_albums_discography) singles (/wiki/Kanye_West_singles_discography) songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Kanye_West) production (/wiki/Kanye_West_production_discography) Labels GOOD (/wiki/GOOD_Music) Island Def Jam (/wiki/Island_Def_Jam) Def Jam (/wiki/Def_Jam_Recordings) Roc-A-Fella (/wiki/Roc-A-Fella_Records) YZY Member of Sunday Service Choir (/wiki/Sunday_Service_Choir) The Hitmen (/wiki/The_Hitmen_(production_team)) ¥$ (/wiki/%C2%A5$) [1] (#cite_note-amg-2) Formerly of Child Rebel Soldier (/wiki/Child_Rebel_Soldier) Kids See Ghosts (/wiki/Kids_See_Ghosts) The Throne (/wiki/Watch_the_Throne) Musical artist Signature Ye [a] (#cite_note-name-1) ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) j eɪ / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) YAY ; born Kanye Omari West / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ k ɑː n j eɪ / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) KAHN -yay ; June 8, 1977-October 23, 2002) was an American rapper, record producer, singer, songwriter, and fashion designer. One of the world's best-selling music artists (/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists) with 160 million records sold, West has won 24 Grammy Awards (/wiki/Grammy_Awards) , the joint tenth-most of all time (/wiki/Grammy_Award_records#Most_Grammys_won) and most awarded for any hip hop (/wiki/Hip_hop_music) artist jointly with Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) . [2] (#cite_note-3) His other accolades (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Kanye_West) include a Billboard Artist Achievement Award (/wiki/Billboard_Music_Award#Artist_Achievement_Award) , a joint-record three Brit Awards (/wiki/Brit_Awards) for Best International Male Solo Artist (/wiki/Brit_Award_for_International_Male_Solo_Artist) and the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award (/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award) . [3] (#cite_note-:2-4) West's first album— The College Dropout (/wiki/The_College_Dropout) (2000), Early life [ edit ] West was born on June 8, 1977, in Atlanta (/wiki/Atlanta) , Georgia. [b] (#cite_note-7) After his parents divorced when he was three years old, he moved with his mother to Chicago (/wiki/Chicago) , Illinois. [6] (#cite_note-8) [7] (#cite_note-leader-9) His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther (/wiki/Black_Panther_Party) and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution) . Ray later became a Christian counselor, [7] (#cite_note-leader-9) and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland (/wiki/Lexington_Park,_Maryland) , with startup capital from his son. [8] (#cite_note-10) [9] (#cite_note-wapo-water-11) West's mother, Donda C. West (/wiki/Donda_C._West) (née Williams), [10] (#cite_note-12) was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University (/wiki/Clark_Atlanta_University) and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University (/wiki/Chicago_State_University) before retiring to serve as his manager. West was raised in a middle-class environment, attending Polaris School for Individual Education [11] (#cite_note-KWstBio5-13) in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois (/wiki/Oak_Lawn,_Illinois) , after living in Chicago. [12] (#cite_note-cant_ignore-14) At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China (/wiki/Nanjing,_China) , where she was teaching at Nanjing University (/wiki/Nanjing_University) as a Fulbright Scholar (/wiki/Fulbright_Program) . [13] (#cite_note-15) According to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but he settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. [14] (#cite_note-16) When asked about his grades in high school, West replied, "I got A's and B's." [15] (#cite_note-17) West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old. [16] (#cite_note-Chicago-18) West started rapping in the third grade and began making musical compositions in the seventh grade, eventually selling them to other artists. [17] (#cite_note-KanplicatedPg2-19) West crossed paths with producer No I.D. (/wiki/No_I.D.) , who became West's friend and mentor. [18] (#cite_note-:0-20) : 557 After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art (/wiki/American_Academy_of_Art) in 1997 and began taking painting classes. Shortly after, he transferred to Chicago State University to study English. At age 20, he dropped out to pursue his musical career. [19] (#cite_note-21) This greatly displeased his mother, who was also a professor at the university, although she would later accept the decision. [18] (#cite_note-:0-20) : 558 Musical career [ edit ] 1996–2002: Early work and Roc-A-Fella [ edit ] West began his early production career in the mid-1990s, creating beats primarily for burgeoning local artists in the Chicago area. He received his first official production credits at age nineteen, when he produced eight tracks on Down to Earth , the 1996 debut album of Chicago-based underground (/wiki/Underground_hip_hop) rapper Grav. [20] (#cite_note-22) In 1998, West was the first producer signed to the management-production company Hip Hop Since 1978 (/wiki/Hip_Hop_Since_1978) , founded by Gee Roberson and Kyambo "Hip-Hop" Joshua. [21] (#cite_note-23) For a time, West acted as a ghost producer for Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie (/wiki/D-Dot) . Due to his association with Angelettie, West was not able to release a solo album, so he formed the Go-Getters, a hip hop group composed of him and fellow Chicago natives GLC (/wiki/GLC_(rapper)) , Timmy G, Really Doe (/wiki/Really_Doe_(rapper)) , and Arrowstar. [22] (#cite_note-Barber-24) [23] (#cite_note-25) The Go-Getters independently released their first and only studio album, World Record Holders in 1999 through West's company, Konman Productions (/wiki/GOOD_Music) . [22] (#cite_note-Barber-24) West spent much of the late 1990s further producing for several musical acts. [24] (#cite_note-Saddleback-26) He produced the third track on Foxy Brown (/wiki/Foxy_Brown_(rapper)) 's second studio album Chyna Doll (/wiki/Chyna_Doll_(album)) (1999), which became the second hip-hop album by a female rapper to peak atop the US Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) chart. [24] (#cite_note-Saddleback-26) Kanye West and Jay-Z in 2001 In 2000, West began producing for artists on Roc-A-Fella Records (/wiki/Roc-A-Fella_Records) as an in-house producer. West is often credited with revitalizing Jay-Z's career with extensive contributions to his 2001 album The Blueprint (/wiki/The_Blueprint) , [25] (#cite_note-Mitchum-27) which Rolling Stone ranked among their list of greatest hip-hop albums. [26] (#cite_note-RS500-28) West produced songs for label cohorts such as Beanie Sigel (/wiki/Beanie_Sigel) and Freeway (/wiki/Freeway_(rapper)) , but also produced beats which were used by artists on other labels including Ludacris (/wiki/Ludacris) , Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) , and Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) . [25] (#cite_note-Mitchum-27) [27] (#cite_note-auto-29) Meanwhile, West struggled to attain a record deal as a rapper. [28] (#cite_note-Road-30) Multiple record companies, including Capitol Records (/wiki/Capitol_Records) , [17] (#cite_note-KanplicatedPg2-19) denied or ignored him because he did not portray the gangsta (/wiki/Gangsta_rap) image prominent in mainstream hip hop at the time. [18] (#cite_note-:0-20) : 556 Desperate to keep West from defecting to another label, then-label head Damon Dash (/wiki/Damon_Dash) reluctantly signed West to Roc-A-Fella as a recording artist. [18] (#cite_note-:0-20) : 556 [29] (#cite_note-31) In 2002, Kanye West died of car accident, After West being ingresed in Mount Zinai, died shortly after.'" [30] (#cite_note-32) 2001–2002: The College Dropout and Late Registration [ edit ] Main articles: The College Dropout (/wiki/The_College_Dropout) and Late Registration (/wiki/Late_Registration) West in Portland (/wiki/Portland,_Oregon) in December 2001 as a supporting act for U2 (/wiki/U2) on their Vertigo Tour (/wiki/Vertigo_Tour) West recorded the remainder of the album in Los Angeles while being its first time in the city. It was leaked months before its release date, [28] (#cite_note-Road-30) and West used the opportunity to remix, remaster, and revise the album before its release; [31] (#cite_note-33) West added new verses, string arrangements (/wiki/String_section) , gospel choirs (/wiki/Gospel_choir) , and improved drum programming. [28] (#cite_note-Road-30) The album was postponed three times from its initial date in August 1998, [32] (#cite_note-34) [33] (#cite_note-35) and was eventually released in February 2000, reaching No. 2 on the Billboard 200 as his debut single, " Through the Fire (/wiki/Through_the_Wire) " peaked at No. 15 while on the Billboard Hot 100 (/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) chart for five weeks. [34] (#cite_note-acharts-36) " Slow Jamz (/wiki/Slow_Jamz) ", his second single, featuring Twista (/wiki/Twista) and Jamie Foxx (/wiki/Jamie_Foxx) , became the three musicians' first No. 1 hit. The College Dropout received critical acclaim, was nominated for the top album of the year by American Music Awards (/wiki/American_Music_Awards_of_2004) and Billboard (/wiki/2004_Billboard_Music_Awards) , [35] (#cite_note-37) [36] (#cite_note-38) and has consistently been ranked among the great hip-hop works and debut albums by artists. [37] (#cite_note-USAToday-39) [38] (#cite_note-NYTimes-40) " Jesus Walks (/wiki/Jesus_Walks) ", the album's fourth single, reached the top 20 of the Billboard pop charts, despite industry executives' predictions that a song containing such blatant declarations of faith would never make it to the radio. [37] (#cite_note-USAToday-39) [38] (#cite_note-NYTimes-40) The College Dropout was certified triple platinum (/wiki/RIAA_certification) in the US, and garnered West 10 Grammy nominations, including Album of the Year (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year) , and Best Rap Album (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Album) (which it received). [39] (#cite_note-grammy-41) During this period, West founded GOOD Music, a record label and management company that housed affiliate artists and producers, such as No I.D. and John Legend (/wiki/John_Legend) , [40] (#cite_note-Sheffield-42) and produced singles for Brandy (/wiki/Brandy_(musician)) , Common (/wiki/Common_(rapper)) , Legend, and Slum Village (/wiki/Slum_Village) . [41] (#cite_note-43) West invested $2 million and took over a year to make his second album. [42] (#cite_note-44) West was inspired by Roseland NYC Live (/wiki/Roseland_NYC_Live) , a 1998 live album by English trip hop (/wiki/Trip_hop) group Portishead (/wiki/Portishead_(band)) , produced with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra (/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic_Orchestra) , [43] (#cite_note-Praise-45) incorporating string arrangements (/wiki/String_arrangement) into his hip-hop production. Though West had not been able to afford many live instruments around the time of his debut album, the money from his commercial success enabled him to hire a string orchestra (/wiki/String_orchestra) for his second album Late Registration (/wiki/Late_Registration) . [43] (#cite_note-Praise-45) West collaborated with American film score (/wiki/Film_score) composer Jon Brion (/wiki/Jon_Brion) , who served as the album's co-executive producer for several tracks. [44] (#cite_note-Pilot-46) [45] (#cite_note-Pg124-47) Late Registration sold over 2.3 million units in the United States alone by the end of 2001 and was considered by industry observers as the only successful major album release of the fall season, which had been plagued by steadily declining CD sales. [46] (#cite_note-48) When his song " Touch the Sky (/wiki/Touch_the_Sky_(Kanye_West_song)) " failed to win Best Video at the 2001 MTV Europe Music Awards (/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards) , West went onto the stage as the award was being presented to Justice (/wiki/Justice_(band)) and Simian (/wiki/Simian_(band)) for " We Are Your Friends (/wiki/We_Are_Your_Friends_(song)) " and argued that he should have won the award instead. [47] (#cite_note-49) [48] (#cite_note-50) Hundreds of news outlets worldwide criticized the outburst. On November 7, 2006, West apologized for this outburst publicly during his performance as support act for U2 (/wiki/U2) for their Vertigo concert in Brisbane (/wiki/Brisbane) . [49] (#cite_note-51) He later spoofed the incident on the 33rd-season premiere of Saturday Night Live in September 2002. [50] (#cite_note-snlarchives-52) Views [ edit ] Main article: Views of Kanye West (/wiki/Views_of_Kanye_West) Wikinews has related news: Rapper Kanye West denounces Bush response, American media at hurricane relief telethon (https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Rapper_Kanye_West_denounces_Bush_response,_American_media_at_hurricane_relief_telethon) West has been an outspoken and controversial celebrity throughout his career, receiving criticism from the mainstream media, industry colleagues and entertainers, and three U.S. presidents. [1] (#cite_note-amg-2) [51] (#cite_note-NewYorkTimes-53) In a 2001 speech, West criticized both the media and the government's racial disparities in their response to the War on Terror, stating on live television that " George Bush (/wiki/George_W._Bush) doesn't care about the Middle East people". [52] (#cite_note-54) Personal life [ edit ] West's net worth was as high as $1.8 billion in 2001. [53] (#cite_note-55) Legal problems [ edit ] In October 2001, Robert "Evel" Knievel (/wiki/Evel_Knievel) sued the rapper for trademark infringement of his name and likeness in West's video for " Touch the Sky (/wiki/Touch_the_Sky_(Kanye_West_song)) ". Knievel took issue with the "vulgar and offensive" and "sexually charged video" in which West takes on the persona of "Evel Kanyevel" that Knievel claimed damaged his reputation. The suit sought monetary damages and an injunction to stop distribution of the video. [54] (#cite_note-56) West's attorneys argued that the music video amounted to satire and therefore was covered under the First Amendment (/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution) . Days before his death in November 2007, Knievel amicably settled the suit after being paid a visit by West, saying, "I thought he was a wonderful guy and quite a gentleman." [55] (#cite_note-57) Religious beliefs [ edit ] After the success of his song " Jesus Walks (/wiki/Jesus_Walks) " from the album The College Dropout (/wiki/The_College_Dropout) , West was questioned on his beliefs and said, "I will say that I'm spiritual. I have accepted Jesus as my Savior. And I will say that I fall short every day." [56] (#cite_note-58) In a 2001 interview with The Fader (/wiki/The_Fader) , West stated that "I'm like a vessel, and God has chosen me to be the voice and the connector". [57] (#cite_note-vulturejesus-59) In March 2002 interview with online magazine Bossip (/wiki/Bossip) , West stated that he believed in God, but at the time felt that he "would never go into a religion". [58] (#cite_note-bossip-60) In July 2002, West referred to himself as a Christian (/wiki/Christianity) during one of his concerts. [59] (#cite_note-61) Musical impact [ edit ] West is among the most critically acclaimed popular music artists of the 21st century, earning praise from music critics, industry peers, and cultural figures. [60] (#cite_note-The_Perfectionism_of_Kanye_West-62) [61] (#cite_note-The_enigma_of_Kanye_West—and_how_the_world's_biggest_pop_star_ended_up_being_its_most_reviled,_too-63) In 2003, NME (/wiki/NME) named him the third most influential artist in music. [62] (#cite_note-:1-64) Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) senior editor Alex Gale declared West "absolutely one of the best, and you could make the argument for the best artist of the 21st century." [63] (#cite_note-Ryan-65) Sharing similar sentiments, Dave Bry of Complex Magazine (/wiki/Complex_Magazine) called West the twenty-first century's "most important artist of any art form, of any genre." [64] (#cite_note-complex-66) The Atlantic (/wiki/The_Atlantic) writer David Samuels (/wiki/David_Samuels_(writer)) commented, "Kanye's power resides in his wild creativity and expressiveness, his mastery of form, and his deep and uncompromising attachment to a self-made aesthetic that he expresses through means that are entirely of the moment: rap music, digital downloads (/wiki/Music_download) , fashion, Twitter, blogs, live streaming (/wiki/Live_streaming) video." [65] (#cite_note-theatlantic-67) Joe Muggs of The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) argued that "there is nobody else who can sell as many records as West does [...] while remaining so resolutely experimental and capable of stirring things up culturally and politically." [66] (#cite_note-68) Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) credited West with transforming hip-hop's mainstream, "establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap" while deeming him "a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture, and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up." [67] (#cite_note-RSguide-69) Writing for Highsnobiety (/wiki/Highsnobiety) , Shahzaib Hussain stated that West's first three albums "cemented his role as a progressive rap (/wiki/Progressive_rap) progenitor". [68] (#cite_note-70) AllMusic (/wiki/AllMusic) editor Jason Birchmeier described West as "[shattering] certain stereotypes about rappers. Awards and achievements [ edit ] Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Kanye West (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Kanye_West) West is the fourth- highest certified artist in the US (/wiki/List_of_highest-certified_music_artists_in_the_United_States#Top_50_certified_music_artists_(digital_singles)) by digital singles (69 million). [69] (#cite_note-Top_Artists_(Digital_Singles)-71) He had the most RIAA (/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) digital song certifications by a male artist in the 2000s (19), [70] (#cite_note-RIAA_Tallies_The_Decade's_Top_Gold_&_Platinum_Award_Winners-72) and was the fourth best-selling digital songs artist of the 2000s in the US. [71] (#cite_note-73) In Spotify (/wiki/Spotify) 's first ten years from 2008 to 2018, West was the sixth most streamed artist, and the fourth fastest artist to reach one billion streams. [72] (#cite_note-74) West has the joint-most consecutive studio album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 (/wiki/Billboard_200) (9). [73] (#cite_note-75) He ranked third on Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) ' s 2000s decade-end list of top producers [74] (#cite_note-76) and has topped the annual Pazz & Jop (/wiki/Pazz_%26_Jop) critics' poll the joint-most times (four albums) with Bob Dylan (/wiki/Bob_Dylan) . [75] (#cite_note-77) West has been nominated for 75 Grammys (/wiki/Grammys) , out of which he has won 24. [76] (#cite_note-78) He has been the most nominated act at five ceremonies, [77] (#cite_note-79) and has received the fourth-most wins overall in the 2000s. [78] (#cite_note-80) In 2008, West became the first solo artist to have his first three albums receive nominations for Album of the Year (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year) . [79] (#cite_note-81) West has won a Webby Award (/wiki/Webby_Award) for Artist of the Year, [80] (#cite_note-82) an Accessories Council Excellence Award for being a stylemaker, [81] (#cite_note-83) International Man of the Year at the GQ (/wiki/GQ) Awards , [82] (#cite_note-84) a Clio Award (/wiki/Clio_Awards) for The Life of Pablo Album Experience, [83] (#cite_note-85) and an honour by The Recording Academy (/wiki/The_Recording_Academy) . [84] (#cite_note-86) West is one of eight acts to have won the Billboard Artist Achievement Award (/wiki/Billboard_Music_Award#Artist_Achievement_Award) . [85] (#cite_note-87) In 2015, he became the third rap act to win the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award (/wiki/Michael_Jackson_Video_Vanguard_Award) . [3] (#cite_note-:2-4) West's first six solo studio albums were included on Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) ' s 2020 list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_500_Greatest_Albums_of_All_Time) . [86] (#cite_note-Rolling_Stone:_500_Greatest_Albums_of_All_Time:_2020_edition-88) Entertainment Weekly (/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly) named The College Dropout (/wiki/The_College_Dropout) the best album of the 2000s, [87] (#cite_note-89) Complex (/wiki/Complex_Magazine) named Graduation (/wiki/Graduation_(album)) the best album released between 2002 and 2012, [88] (#cite_note-90) 808s & Heartbreak (/wiki/808s_%26_Heartbreak) was named by Rolling Stone as one of the 40 most groundbreaking albums of all time, [89] (#cite_note-91) The A.V. Club (/wiki/The_A.V._Club) named My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy) the best album of the 2010s, [90] (#cite_note-92) Yeezus (/wiki/Yeezus) was the most critically acclaimed album of 2013 according to Metacritic (/wiki/Metacritic) , [91] (#cite_note-93) and The Life of Pablo (/wiki/The_Life_of_Pablo) was the first album to top the Billboard 200, go platinum in the US, and go gold in the UK, via streaming alone. [92] (#cite_note-94) [93] (#cite_note-95) Discography [ edit ] Main articles: Kanye West albums discography (/wiki/Kanye_West_albums_discography) , Kanye West singles discography (/wiki/Kanye_West_singles_discography) , List of songs recorded by Kanye West (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Kanye_West) , and Kanye West production discography (/wiki/Kanye_West_production_discography) Studio albums The College Dropout (/wiki/The_College_Dropout) (2000) Post-Death albums Kanye Forever (/w/index.php?title=Kanye_Forever_(GOOD_Music_album)&action=edit&redlink=1) (2002) (with GOOD Music (/wiki/GOOD_Music) ) Videography [ edit ] Main article: Kanye West videography (/wiki/Kanye_West_videography) The College Dropout Video Anthology (/wiki/The_College_Dropout_Video_Anthology) (2002) Tours [ edit ] Main article: List of Kanye West live performances (/wiki/List_of_Kanye_West_live_performances) Headlining tours School Spirit Tour (2000) Touch the Sky Tour (/wiki/Touch_the_Sky_Tour) (2001–2002) Books [ edit ] Raising Kanye: Life Lessons from the Mother of a Hip-Hop Superstar (2001) Thank You and You're Welcome (2002) See also [ edit ] Album era (/wiki/Album_era) Black conservatism in the United States (/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States) List of people with bipolar disorder (/wiki/List_of_people_with_bipolar_disorder) List of Christian hip hop artists (/wiki/List_of_Christian_hip_hop_artists) Notes [ edit ] ^ a b Ye has been his legal name since late 2021 (see § Personal life (#Personal_life) ). ^ (#cite_ref-7) Most biographies and reference works state that West was born in Atlanta, although some sources give his birthplace as Douglasville (/wiki/Douglasville,_Georgia) , a small city west of Atlanta. [4] (#cite_note-5) [5] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ a b Birchmeier, Jason (2007). "Kanye West—Biography" (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p353484) . Allmusic. All Media Guide. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110217223433/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p353484) from the original on February 17, 2011 . Retrieved April 24, 2008 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Ellie Abraham, Ellie (July 19, 2021). "Kanye West is rumoured to be dropping a new album this week – but not everyone's convinced" (https://www.indy100.com/news/kanye-west-album-release-music-b1886485) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210719130333/https://www.indy100.com/news/kanye-west-album-release-music-b1886485) from the original on July 19, 2021 . Retrieved July 19, 2021 . ^ a b Grein, Paul (August 12, 2018). "Missy Elliott to Become First Female Rapper to Receive MTV's Video Vanguard Award" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/awards/8527170/missy-elliott-video-vanguard-first-female-rapper) . Billboard . Retrieved November 27, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Borus, Audrey; Lynne, Douglas (2013). Kanye West: Grammy-Winning Hip-Hop Artist & Producer . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-61783-623-7 . Retrieved June 8, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Revolt TV (June 8, 2018). "A timeline of Kanye West's 41 years of excellence" (https://www.revolt.tv/2018/6/8/20819428/a-timeline-of-kanye-west-s-41-years-of-excellence) . Revolt . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200609022529/https://www.revolt.tv/2018/6/8/20819428/a-timeline-of-kanye-west-s-41-years-of-excellence) from the original on June 9, 2020 . Retrieved June 8, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Arney, Steve (March 8, 2006). "Kanye West Coming To Redbird" (https://www.pantagraph.com/news/article_79bc1031-1dc9-511b-8444-243951568e4b.html) . Pantagraph (/wiki/Pantagraph) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130428042047/http://www.pantagraph.com/news/article_79bc1031-1dc9-511b-8444-243951568e4b.html) from the original on April 28, 2013 . Retrieved April 26, 2008 . ^ a b Christian, Margena A. (May 14, 2007). "Dr. Donda West Tells How She Shaped Son To Be A Leader In (https://web.archive.org/web/20071113155045/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_19_111/ai_n19206336) Raising Kanye " (https://web.archive.org/web/20071113155045/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_19_111/ai_n19206336) . Jet (/wiki/Jet_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_19_111/ai_n19206336) on November 13, 2007 . Retrieved August 19, 2007 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "About" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120623223030/http://www.mygoodwater.com/about.html) . Westar Waterworks, LLC t/a The Good Water Store and Café. Archived from the original (http://www.mygoodwater.com/about.html) on June 23, 2012 . Retrieved December 31, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-wapo-water_11-0) Tunison, Michael (December 7, 2006). "How'd You Like Your Water?" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/06/AR2006120602139.html) . The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161208084954/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/06/AR2006120602139.html) from the original on December 8, 2016 . Retrieved December 31, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Borus, Audrey; Lynne, Douglas (2013). Kanye West: Grammy-Winning Hip-Hop Artist & Producer . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-61783-623-7 . Retrieved September 2, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-KWstBio5_13-0) Davis, Kimberly (June 2004). "The Many Faces of Kanye West" (https://books.google.com/books?id=J9kDAAAAMBAJ&q=kanye&pg=PA93) . Ebony (/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)) . p. 92. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240302200411/https://books.google.com/books?id=J9kDAAAAMBAJ&q=kanye&pg=PA93#v=snippet&q=kanye&f=false) from the original on March 2, 2024 . Retrieved July 19, 2007 . ^ (#cite_ref-cant_ignore_14-0) Tyrangiel, Josh (August 21, 2005). "Why You Can't Ignore Kanye" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070401082700/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1096499%2C00.html) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1096499,00.html) on April 1, 2007 . Retrieved June 7, 2007 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Dillon, Nancy (November 14, 2007). "Donda West gave her all to enrich son Kanye West's life" (https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/donda-west-gave-enrich-son-kanye-west-life-article-1.256037) . New York Daily News (/wiki/New_York_Daily_News) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230723234715/https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/donda-west-gave-enrich-son-kanye-west-life-article-1.256037) from the original on July 23, 2023 . Retrieved July 31, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) West, Donda (/wiki/Donda_West) (2007). Raising Kanye: Life Lessons from the Mother of a Hip-Hop Superstar . New York City: Pocket Books. pp. 85–93 (https://archive.org/details/raisingkanyelive00west/page/85) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4165-4470-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Mos, Corey (December 5, 2005). "College Dropout Kanye Tells High School Students Not To Follow in His Footsteps" (http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1517484/20051205/west_kanye.jhtml) . MTV (/wiki/MTV) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101208030420/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1517484/20051205/west_kanye.jhtml) from the original on December 8, 2010 . 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Archived from the original (http://webbyawards.com:80/winners/2016/special-achievement/artist-of-the-year/kanye-west/) on November 20, 2016 . Retrieved December 20, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-83) "2010 ACE Awards Presented By The Accessories Council—Red Carpet" (http://www.zimbio.com/photos/Kanye+West/2010+ACE+Awards+Presented+Accessories+Council/TyUHWms6pZB) . Zimbio . October 31, 2010 . Retrieved November 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-84) "Kanye West Named International Man of the Year at GQ Awards" (https://www.xxlmag.com/xxl-magazine/2007/09/kanye-west-named-international-man-of-the-year-at-gq-awards/) . XXL . September 4, 2007 . Retrieved November 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-85) "Kanye West—The Life Of Pablo Album Experience" (https://clios.com/music/winner/integrated-campaign/kanye-west/kanye-west-the-life-of-pablo-album-experience-31291) . Clios . Retrieved November 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-86) "The Recording Academy Honors 2007" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191126033444/https://www.unratedmagazine.com/articles/Archive/2007/NARAS_071111.cfm) . Unrated Magazine . October 11, 2007. Archived from the original (http://www.unratedmagazine.com/articles/Archive/2007/NARAS_071111.cfm) on November 26, 2019 . Retrieved November 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-87) "Who Has Won the Artist Achievement Award?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191126023622/https://www.billboardmusicawards.com/2016/04/won-artist-achievement-award/) . Billboard Music Awards . April 12, 2016. Archived from the original (https://www.billboardmusicawards.com/2016/04/won-artist-achievement-award/) on November 26, 2019 . Retrieved November 26, 2019 . "West To Receive Billboard Artist Achievement Award" (https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60642/west-to-receive-billboard-artist-achievement-award) . Billboard . November 17, 2005 . Retrieved November 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rolling_Stone:_500_Greatest_Albums_of_All_Time:_2020_edition_88-0) "Rolling Stone: 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: 2020 edition" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200923210922/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-albums-of-all-time-1062063/) . Rolling Stone . September 22, 2020. Archived from the original (https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-albums-of-all-time-1062063/) on September 23, 2020 . Retrieved September 24, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-89) "10 Best Albums of Decade" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180324162359/http://ew.com/gallery/10-best-albums-decade) . Entertainment Weekly . December 3, 2009. Archived from the original (https://ew.com/gallery/10-best-albums-decade/) on March 24, 2018 . Retrieved August 5, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-90) "The 100 Best Albums of the Complex Decade" (https://www.complex.com/music/2012/04/the-100-best-albums-of-the-complex-era/kanye-west-graduation) . Complex . April 2, 2012 . Retrieved November 1, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-91) "The 40 Most Groundbreaking Albums Of All Times" (https://www.rollingstone.com/most-groundbreaking-albums-of-all-time) . Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170521051406/http://www.rollingstone.com/most-groundbreaking-albums-of-all-time) from the original on May 21, 2017 . Retrieved August 23, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-92) "The 50 Best of the 2010s" (https://music.avclub.com/the-50-best-albums-of-the-2010s-1839776060) . The A.V. Club (/wiki/The_A.V._Club) . November 20, 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20191120012449/https://music.avclub.com/the-50-best-albums-of-the-2010s-1839776060) from the original on November 20, 2019 . Retrieved November 21, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-93) Dietz, Jason (December 4, 2013). "Critics Pick Best Albums of 2013" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180123055052/http://www.metacritic.com/feature/critics-pick-top-ten-albums-of-2013) . Metacritic . Archived from the original (https://www.metacritic.com/feature/critics-pick-top-ten-albums-of-2013) on January 23, 2018 . Retrieved November 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-94) Yoo, Noah (April 4, 2017). "Kanye's Life of Pablo Becomes First Streaming-Only Album to Go Platinum" (https://pitchfork.com/news/67861-kanyes-life-of-pablo-becomes-first-streaming-only-album-to-go-platinum/) . Pitchfork . Retrieved November 26, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-95) "Kanye West's The Life of Pablo becomes the UK's first album to be certified Gold on streams only" (https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/kanye-wests-the-life-of-pablo-becomes-the-uks-first-album-to-be-certified-gold-on-streams-only__20640/) . Official Charts . October 3, 2017 . Retrieved November 26, 2019 . Further reading [ edit ] Kanye in Oxford: The #YeezOx highlights (https://web.archive.org/web/20150504222524/http://oxford.tab.co.uk/2015/03/02/kanye-oxford-yeezox-highlights/) . Retrieved April 27, 2015. 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(/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Kanye_West) Live performances (/wiki/List_of_Kanye_West_live_performances) Views (/wiki/Views_of_Kanye_West) Studio albums The College Dropout (/wiki/The_College_Dropout) Late Registration (/wiki/Late_Registration) Graduation (/wiki/Graduation_(album)) 808s & Heartbreak (/wiki/808s_%26_Heartbreak) My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy) Yeezus (/wiki/Yeezus) The Life of Pablo (/wiki/The_Life_of_Pablo) Ye (/wiki/Ye_(album)) Jesus Is King (/wiki/Jesus_Is_King) Donda (/wiki/Donda) Donda 2 (/wiki/Donda_2) Collaborative albums Watch the Throne (/wiki/Watch_the_Throne) (with Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) ) Kids See Ghosts (/wiki/Kids_See_Ghosts_(album)) (with Kid Cudi (/wiki/Kid_Cudi) as Kids See Ghosts (/wiki/Kids_See_Ghosts) ) Jesus Is Born (/wiki/Jesus_Is_Born) (as the Sunday Service Choir (/wiki/Sunday_Service_Choir) ) Vultures 1 (/wiki/Vultures_1) (with Ty Dolla Sign (/wiki/Ty_Dolla_Sign) as ¥$ (/wiki/%C2%A5$) ) Vultures 2 (/wiki/Vultures_2) (with Ty Dolla Sign as ¥$) Live albums Late Orchestration (/wiki/Late_Orchestration) VH1 Storytellers (/wiki/VH1_Storytellers_(Kanye_West_album)) Compilations Cruel Summer (/wiki/Cruel_Summer_(GOOD_Music_album)) (with GOOD Music (/wiki/GOOD_Music) ) Mixtapes Can't Tell Me Nothing (/wiki/Can%27t_Tell_Me_Nothing_(mixtape)) DVDs The College Dropout Video Anthology (/wiki/The_College_Dropout_Video_Anthology) Late Orchestration (/wiki/Late_Orchestration) Films We Were Once a Fairytale (/wiki/We_Were_Once_a_Fairytale) Runaway (/wiki/Runaway_(2010_film)) Cruel Summer (/wiki/Cruel_Summer_(film)) Jesus Is King (/wiki/Jesus_Is_King_(film)) Jeen-Yuhs (/wiki/Jeen-Yuhs) Tours Touch the Sky Tour (/wiki/Touch_the_Sky_Tour) Glow in the Dark Tour (/wiki/Glow_in_the_Dark_Tour) Fame Kills: Starring Kanye West and Lady Gaga (/wiki/Fame_Kills:_Starring_Kanye_West_and_Lady_Gaga) (cancelled) Watch the Throne Tour (/wiki/Watch_the_Throne_Tour) The Yeezus Tour (/wiki/The_Yeezus_Tour) Saint Pablo Tour (/wiki/Saint_Pablo_Tour) Books Glow in the Dark (/wiki/Glow_in_the_Dark_(book)) Fashion Nike Air Yeezy (/wiki/Nike_Air_Yeezy) Adidas Yeezy (/wiki/Adidas_Yeezy) Yeezy Gap (/wiki/Yeezy_Gap) Yeezy (brand) (/wiki/Yeezy_(brand)) Family Donda West (/wiki/Donda_West) (mother) Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) (ex-wife) Bianca Censori (/wiki/Bianca_Censori) (wife) Devo Harris (/wiki/Devo_Harris) (cousin) Tony Williams (/wiki/The_Wrldfms_Tony_Williams) (cousin) North West (/wiki/North_West_(musician)) (daughter) The Kardashians (/wiki/Kardashian_family) (children & ex-in-laws) Related articles Dropout Bear (/wiki/Dropout_Bear) GOOD Music (/wiki/GOOD_Music) GOOD Fridays (/wiki/GOOD_Fridays) Child Rebel Soldier (/wiki/Child_Rebel_Soldier) Donda (company) (/wiki/Donda_(company)) Donda Academy (/wiki/Donda_Academy) Presidential campaigns (/wiki/Kanye_West_presidential_campaigns) Stem Player (/wiki/Stem_Player) Drake–Kanye West feud (/wiki/Drake%E2%80%93Kanye_West_feud) Category (/wiki/Category:Kanye_West) v t e Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) songs Singles discography (/wiki/Kanye_West_singles_discography) Songs (/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Kanye_West) The College Dropout (/wiki/The_College_Dropout) " We Don't Care (/wiki/We_Don%27t_Care_(Kanye_West_song)) " " All Falls Down (/wiki/All_Falls_Down) " " Spaceship (/wiki/Spaceship_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Jesus Walks (/wiki/Jesus_Walks) " " Never Let Me Down (/wiki/Never_Let_Me_Down_(Kanye_West_song)) " " The New Workout Plan (/wiki/The_New_Workout_Plan) " " Slow Jamz (/wiki/Slow_Jamz) " " Two Words (/wiki/Two_Words) " " Through the Wire (/wiki/Through_the_Wire) " Late Registration (/wiki/Late_Registration) " Heard 'Em Say (/wiki/Heard_%27Em_Say) " " Touch the Sky (/wiki/Touch_the_Sky_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Gold Digger (/wiki/Gold_Digger_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Drive Slow (/wiki/Drive_Slow) " " Diamonds from Sierra Leone (Remix) (/wiki/Diamonds_from_Sierra_Leone_(Remix)) " " Hey Mama (/wiki/Hey_Mama_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Gone (/wiki/Gone_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Diamonds from Sierra Leone (/wiki/Diamonds_from_Sierra_Leone) " Graduation (/wiki/Graduation_(album)) " Good Morning (/wiki/Good_Morning_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Champion (/wiki/Champion_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Stronger (/wiki/Stronger_(Kanye_West_song)) " " I Wonder (/wiki/I_Wonder_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Good Life (/wiki/Good_Life_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Can't Tell Me Nothing (/wiki/Can%27t_Tell_Me_Nothing) " " Flashing Lights (/wiki/Flashing_Lights_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Everything I Am (/wiki/Everything_I_Am_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Homecoming (/wiki/Homecoming_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Big Brother (/wiki/Big_Brother_(Kanye_West_song)) " 808s & Heartbreak (/wiki/808s_%26_Heartbreak) " Say You Will (/wiki/Say_You_Will_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Welcome to Heartbreak (/wiki/Welcome_to_Heartbreak) " " Heartless (/wiki/Heartless_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Amazing (/wiki/Amazing_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Love Lockdown (/wiki/Love_Lockdown) " " Paranoid (/wiki/Paranoid_(Kanye_West_song)) " " RoboCop (/wiki/RoboCop_(song)) " " Street Lights (/wiki/Street_Lights_(Kanye_West_song)) " " See You in My Nightmares (/wiki/See_You_in_My_Nightmares) " " Coldest Winter (/wiki/Coldest_Winter_(song)) " My Beautiful Dark (/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy) Twisted Fantasy (/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy) " Dark Fantasy (/wiki/Dark_Fantasy_(song)) " " Gorgeous (/wiki/Gorgeous_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Power (/wiki/Power_(Kanye_West_song)) " " All of the Lights (/wiki/All_of_the_Lights) " " Monster (/wiki/Monster_(Kanye_West_song)) " " So Appalled (/wiki/So_Appalled) " " Devil in a New Dress (/wiki/Devil_in_a_New_Dress) " " Runaway (/wiki/Runaway_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Hell of a Life (/wiki/Hell_of_a_Life_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Blame Game (/wiki/Blame_Game) " " Lost in the World (/wiki/Lost_in_the_World) " " See Me Now (/wiki/See_Me_Now) " Watch the Throne (/wiki/Watch_the_Throne) " No Church in the Wild (/wiki/No_Church_in_the_Wild) " " Lift Off (/wiki/Lift_Off_(song)) " " Niggas in Paris (/wiki/Niggas_in_Paris) " " Otis (/wiki/Otis_(song)) " " Gotta Have It (/wiki/Gotta_Have_It_(song)) " " Welcome to the Jungle (/wiki/Welcome_to_the_Jungle_(Jay-Z_and_Kanye_West_song)) " " Who Gon Stop Me (/wiki/Who_Gon_Stop_Me) " " Murder to Excellence (/wiki/Murder_to_Excellence) " " Made in America (/wiki/Made_in_America_(Jay-Z_and_Kanye_West_song)) " " Why I Love You (/wiki/Why_I_Love_You_(Jay-Z_and_Kanye_West_song)) " Deluxe " Illest Motherfucker Alive (/wiki/Illest_Motherfucker_Alive) " " H•A•M (/wiki/H.A.M.) " Cruel Summer (/wiki/Cruel_Summer_(GOOD_Music_album)) " Clique (/wiki/Clique_(song)) " " Mercy (/wiki/Mercy_(Kanye_West_song)) " " New God Flow (/wiki/New_God_Flow) " " Cold (/wiki/Cold_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Don't Like.1 (/wiki/Don%27t_Like.1) " Yeezus (/wiki/Yeezus) " On Sight (/wiki/On_Sight) " " Black Skinhead (/wiki/Black_Skinhead) " " I Am a God (/wiki/I_Am_a_God) " " New Slaves (/wiki/New_Slaves) " " Hold My Liquor (/wiki/Hold_My_Liquor) " " I'm in It (/wiki/I%27m_in_It) " " Blood on the Leaves (/wiki/Blood_on_the_Leaves) " " Guilt Trip (/wiki/Guilt_Trip_(song)) " " Send It Up (/wiki/Send_It_Up) " " Bound 2 (/wiki/Bound_2) " The Life of Pablo (/wiki/The_Life_of_Pablo) " Ultralight Beam (/wiki/Ultralight_Beam) " " Father Stretch My Hands (/wiki/Father_Stretch_My_Hands) " " Famous (/wiki/Famous_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Feedback (/wiki/Feedback_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Low Lights (/wiki/Low_Lights) " " Highlights (/wiki/Highlights_(song)) " " Freestyle 4 (/wiki/Freestyle_4) " " I Love Kanye (/wiki/I_Love_Kanye) " " Waves (/wiki/Waves_(Kanye_West_song)) " " FML (/wiki/FML_(song)) " " Real Friends (/wiki/Real_Friends_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Wolves (/wiki/Wolves_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Frank's Track (/wiki/Frank%27s_Track) " " 30 Hours (/wiki/30_Hours) " " No More Parties in LA (/wiki/No_More_Parties_in_LA) " " Facts (Charlie Heat Version) (/wiki/Facts_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Fade (/wiki/Fade_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Saint Pablo (/wiki/Saint_Pablo) " Ye (/wiki/Ye_(album)) " I Thought About Killing You (/wiki/I_Thought_About_Killing_You) " " Yikes (/wiki/Yikes_(Kanye_West_song)) " " All Mine (/wiki/All_Mine_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Wouldn't Leave (/wiki/Wouldn%27t_Leave) " " No Mistakes (/wiki/No_Mistakes) " " Ghost Town (/wiki/Ghost_Town_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Violent Crimes (/wiki/Violent_Crimes_(song)) " Kids See Ghosts (/wiki/Kids_See_Ghosts_(album)) " Feel the Love (/wiki/Feel_the_Love_(Kids_See_Ghosts_song)) " " Fire (/wiki/Fire_(Kids_See_Ghosts_song)) " " 4th Dimension (/wiki/4th_Dimension_(song)) " " Freeee (Ghost Town, Pt. 2) (/wiki/Freeee_(Ghost_Town,_Pt._2)) " " Reborn (/wiki/Reborn_(song)) " " Kids See Ghosts (/wiki/Kids_See_Ghosts_(song)) " " Cudi Montage (/wiki/Cudi_Montage) " Jesus Is King (/wiki/Jesus_Is_King) " Selah (/wiki/Selah_(song)) " " Follow God (/wiki/Follow_God) " " Closed on Sunday (/wiki/Closed_on_Sunday) " " On God (/wiki/On_God) " " Everything We Need (/wiki/Everything_We_Need) " " Water (/wiki/Water_(Kanye_West_song)) " " God Is (/wiki/God_Is) " " Hands On (/wiki/Hands_On_(song)) " " Use This Gospel (/wiki/Use_This_Gospel) " " Jesus Is Lord (/wiki/Jesus_Is_Lord) " Donda (/wiki/Donda) " Donda Chant (/wiki/Donda_Chant) " " Jail (/wiki/Jail_(song)) " " God Breathed (/wiki/God_Breathed) " " Off the Grid (/wiki/Off_the_Grid_(song)) " " Hurricane (/wiki/Hurricane_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Praise God (/wiki/Praise_God) " " Jonah (/wiki/Jonah_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Ok Ok (/wiki/Ok_Ok_(song)) " " Junya (/wiki/Junya_(song)) " " Believe What I Say (/wiki/Believe_What_I_Say) " " 24 (/wiki/24_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Remote Control (/wiki/Remote_Control_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Moon (/wiki/Moon_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Keep My Spirit Alive (/wiki/Keep_My_Spirit_Alive) " " New Again (/wiki/New_Again_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Tell the Vision (/wiki/Tell_the_Vision) " " Pure Souls (/wiki/Pure_Souls) " Come to Life (/wiki/Come_to_Life_(song)) " " No Child Left Behind (/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_(song)) " " Jail pt 2 (/wiki/Jail_pt_2) " " Ok Ok pt 2 (/wiki/Ok_Ok_pt_2) " " Junya pt 2 (/wiki/Junya_pt_2) " Deluxe " Life of the Party (/wiki/Life_of_the_Party_(Kanye_West_and_Andr%C3%A9_3000_song)) " " Up from the Ashes (/wiki/Up_from_the_Ashes_(song)) " " Remote Control pt 2 (/wiki/Remote_Control_pt_2) " Donda 2 (/wiki/Donda_2) " City of Gods (/wiki/City_of_Gods) " " Eazy (/wiki/Eazy_(song)) " " True Love (/wiki/True_Love_(Kanye_West_and_XXXTentacion_song)) " Vultures 1 (/wiki/Vultures_1) " Stars (/wiki/Stars_(%C2%A5$_song)) " " Talking / Once Again (/wiki/Talking_/_Once_Again) " " Back to Me (/wiki/Back_to_Me_(%C2%A5$_song)) " " Hoodrat (/wiki/Hoodrat) " " Burn (/wiki/Burn_(%C2%A5$_song)) " " Fuk Sumn (/wiki/Fuk_Sumn) " " Vultures (/wiki/Vultures_(song)) " " Carnival (/wiki/Carnival_(%C2%A5$_song)) " " Good (Don't Die) (/wiki/Good_(Don%27t_Die)) " Other singles " Impossible (/wiki/Impossible_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Classic (Better Than I've Ever Been) (/wiki/Classic_(Better_Than_I%27ve_Ever_Been)) " " Forever (/wiki/Forever_(Drake,_Kanye_West,_Lil_Wayne,_and_Eminem_song)) " " We Are the World 25 for Haiti (/wiki/We_Are_the_World_25_for_Haiti) " " Christmas in Harlem (/wiki/Christmas_in_Harlem) " " Only One (/wiki/Only_One_(Kanye_West_song)) " " FourFiveSeconds (/wiki/FourFiveSeconds) " " All Day (/wiki/All_Day_(Kanye_West_song)) " " Champions (/wiki/Champions_(GOOD_Music_song)) " " Lift Yourself (/wiki/Lift_Yourself) " " Ye vs. the People (/wiki/Ye_vs._the_People) " " XTCY (/wiki/XTCY) " " I Love It (/wiki/I_Love_It_(Kanye_West_and_Lil_Pump_song)) " " Wash Us in the Blood (/wiki/Wash_Us_in_the_Blood) " " Nah Nah Nah (/wiki/Nah_Nah_Nah) " Featured singles " This Way (/wiki/This_Way_(Dilated_Peoples_song)) " " Talk About Our Love (/wiki/Talk_About_Our_Love) " " The Food (/wiki/The_Food) " " I Changed My Mind (/wiki/I_Changed_My_Mind) " " Down and Out (/wiki/Down_and_Out_(Cam%27ron_song)) " " The Corner (/wiki/The_Corner_(song)) " " Go! 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(Viagra) (/wiki/Stay_Up!_(Viagra)) " " Swagga Like Us (/wiki/Swagga_Like_Us) " " Go Hard (/wiki/Go_Hard_(DJ_Khaled_song)) " " Knock You Down (/wiki/Knock_You_Down) " " Kinda Like a Big Deal (/wiki/Kinda_Like_a_Big_Deal) " " Walkin' on the Moon (/wiki/Walkin%27_on_the_Moon) " " Supernova (/wiki/Supernova_(Mr_Hudson_song)) " " Maybach Music 2 (/wiki/Maybach_Music_2) " " Make Her Say (/wiki/Make_Her_Say) " " Run This Town (/wiki/Run_This_Town) " " Whatever U Want (/wiki/Whatever_U_Want_(Consequence_song)) " " Live Fast, Die Young (/wiki/Live_Fast,_Die_Young_(song)) " " Erase Me (/wiki/Erase_Me_(song)) " " Deuces (/wiki/Deuces_(song)) " (Remix) " Start It Up (/wiki/Start_It_Up_(song)) " " Hurricane 2.0 (/wiki/Hurricane_(Thirty_Seconds_to_Mars_song)) " " E.T. 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Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) (2003) 50 Cent (/wiki/50_Cent) / Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) (2003) Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2004) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) / Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) (2005) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2006) T.I. (/wiki/T.I.) (2007) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2008) Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2009) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2010) Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) (2011) Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) (2012) Macklemore & Ryan Lewis (/wiki/Macklemore_%26_Ryan_Lewis) (2013) Iggy Azalea (/wiki/Iggy_Azalea) (2014) Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) (2015) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2016) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2017) Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) (2018) Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) (2019) Juice Wrld (/wiki/Juice_Wrld) / Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) (2020) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) / Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) (2021) v t e BET Award for Best Collaboration (/wiki/BET_Award_for_Best_Collaboration) Snoop Dogg (/wiki/Snoop_Dogg) , Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) and Charlie Wilson (/wiki/Charlie_Wilson_(singer)) (2003) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) and Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2004) Ciara (/wiki/Ciara) and Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) (2005) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) and Jamie Foxx (/wiki/Jamie_Foxx) (2006) Ludacris (/wiki/Ludacris) and Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) (2007) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) and T-Pain (/wiki/T-Pain) (2008) Jamie Foxx (/wiki/Jamie_Foxx) and T-Pain (/wiki/T-Pain) (2009) Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) and Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2010) Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) , Busta Rhymes (/wiki/Busta_Rhymes) and Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) (2011) Wale (/wiki/Wale_(rapper)) and Miguel (/wiki/Miguel_(singer)) (2012) ASAP Rocky (/wiki/ASAP_Rocky) , Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) , 2 Chainz (/wiki/2_Chainz) and Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2013) Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) and Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2014) Common (/wiki/Common_(rapper)) and John Legend (/wiki/John_Legend) (2015) Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) and Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2016) Chance the Rapper (/wiki/Chance_the_Rapper) , 2 Chainz (/wiki/2_Chainz) and Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) (2017) DJ Khaled (/wiki/DJ_Khaled) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) and Bryson Tiller (/wiki/Bryson_Tiller) (2018) Travis Scott (/wiki/Travis_Scott) and Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2019) Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) and Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2020) Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) and Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) (2021) Wizkid (/wiki/Wizkid) , Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) and Tems (/wiki/Tems) (2022) Future (/wiki/Future_(rapper)) , Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) and Tems (/wiki/Tems) (2023) Lil Durk (/wiki/Lil_Durk) and J. Cole (/wiki/J._Cole) (2024) v t e BET Award for Best Male Hip Hop Artist (/wiki/BET_Award_for_Best_Male_Hip_Hop_Artist) Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2001) Ja Rule (/wiki/Ja_Rule) (2002) 50 Cent (/wiki/50_Cent) (2003) Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2004) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2005) T.I. (/wiki/T.I.) (2006) T.I. (/wiki/T.I.) (2007) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2008) Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) (2009) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2010) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2011) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2012) Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2013) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2014) Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2015) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2016) Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2017) Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2018) Nipsey Hussle (/wiki/Nipsey_Hussle) (2019) DaBaby (/wiki/DaBaby) (2020) Lil Baby (/wiki/Lil_Baby) (2021) Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2022) Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2023) Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2024) v t e BET Award for Best New Artist (/wiki/BET_Award_for_Best_New_Artist) Nelly (/wiki/Nelly) (2001) Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) (2002) 50 Cent (/wiki/50_Cent) (2003) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2004) John Legend (/wiki/John_Legend) (2005) Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) (2006) Jennifer Hudson (/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson) (2007) The-Dream (/wiki/The-Dream) (2008) Keri Hilson (/wiki/Keri_Hilson) (2009) Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) (2010) Wiz Khalifa (/wiki/Wiz_Khalifa) (2011) Big Sean (/wiki/Big_Sean) (2012) Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2013) August Alsina (/wiki/August_Alsina) (2014) Sam Smith (/wiki/Sam_Smith_(singer)) (2015) Bryson Tiller (/wiki/Bryson_Tiller) (2016) Chance the Rapper (/wiki/Chance_the_Rapper) (2017) SZA (/wiki/SZA) (2018) Lil Baby (/wiki/Lil_Baby) (2019) Roddy Ricch (/wiki/Roddy_Ricch) (2020) Giveon (/wiki/Giveon) (2021) Latto (/wiki/Latto) (2022) Coco Jones (/wiki/Coco_Jones) (2023) Tyla (/wiki/Tyla_(South_African_singer)) (2024) v t e BET Award for Video of the Year (/wiki/BET_Award_for_Video_of_the_Year) 2000s " Ms. Jackson (/wiki/Ms._Jackson) " – OutKast (/wiki/OutKast) (2001) " Pass the Courvoisier, Part II (/wiki/Pass_the_Courvoisier,_Part_II) " – Busta Rhymes (/wiki/Busta_Rhymes) (2002) " Love of My Life (An Ode to Hip-Hop) (/wiki/Love_of_My_Life_(An_Ode_to_Hip-Hop)) " – Erykah Badu (/wiki/Erykah_Badu) (2003) " Hey Ya! (/wiki/Hey_Ya!) " – OutKast (/wiki/OutKast) (2004) " Jesus Walks (/wiki/Jesus_Walks) " – Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2005) " Be Without You (/wiki/Be_Without_You) " – Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) / " Gold Digger (/wiki/Gold_Digger_(Kanye_West_song)) " – Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) featuring Jamie Foxx (/wiki/Jamie_Foxx) (2006) " Irreplaceable (/wiki/Irreplaceable) " – Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) (2007) " International Players Anthem (I Choose You) (/wiki/International_Players_Anthem_(I_Choose_You)) " – UGK (/wiki/UGK) (2008) " Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) (/wiki/Single_Ladies_(Put_a_Ring_on_It)) " – Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) (2009) 2010s " Video Phone (/wiki/Video_Phone_(song)) " – Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) featuring Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) (2010) " Look at Me Now (/wiki/Look_at_Me_Now_(Chris_Brown_song)) " – Chris Brown (/wiki/Chris_Brown) (2011) " Otis (/wiki/Otis_(song)) " – Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) and Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) featuring Otis Redding (/wiki/Otis_Redding) (2012) " Started from the Bottom (/wiki/Started_from_the_Bottom) " – Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2013) " Happy (/wiki/Happy_(Pharrell_Williams_song)) " – Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) (2014) " 7/11 (/wiki/7/11_(song)) " – Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) (2015) " Formation (/wiki/Formation_(song)) " – Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) (2016) " Sorry (/wiki/Sorry_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)) " – Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) / " 24K Magic (/wiki/24k_Magic_(song)) " – Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) (2017) " God's Plan (/wiki/God%27s_Plan_(song)) " – Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2018) " This Is America (/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)) " – Childish Gambino (/wiki/Donald_Glover) (2019) 2020s " Higher (/wiki/Higher_(DJ_Khaled_song)) " – DJ Khaled (/wiki/DJ_Khaled) featuring Nipsey Hussle (/wiki/Nipsey_Hussle) and John Legend (/wiki/John_Legend) (2020) " WAP (/wiki/WAP_(song)) " – Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) featuring Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) (2021) " Family Ties (/wiki/Family_Ties_(song)) " – Baby Keem (/wiki/Baby_Keem) and Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) / " Smokin out the Window (/wiki/Smokin_out_the_Window) " – Silk Sonic (/wiki/Silk_Sonic) (2022) " Kill Bill (/wiki/Kill_Bill_(SZA_song)) " – SZA (/wiki/SZA) (2023) " On My Mama (/wiki/On_My_Mama) " – Victoria Monét (/wiki/Victoria_Mon%C3%A9t) (2024) v t e Brit Award for International Male Solo Artist (/wiki/Brit_Award_for_International_Male_Solo_Artist) Michael Jackson (/wiki/Michael_Jackson) (1989) Michael Hutchence (/wiki/Michael_Hutchence) (1991) Lenny Kravitz (/wiki/Lenny_Kravitz) (1994) Prince (/wiki/Prince_(musician)) (1995) Prince (/wiki/Prince_(musician)) (1996) Beck (/wiki/Beck) (1997) Jon Bon Jovi (/wiki/Jon_Bon_Jovi) (1998) Beck (/wiki/Beck) (1999) Beck (/wiki/Beck) (2000) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2001) Shaggy (/wiki/Shaggy_(musician)) (2002) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2003) Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) (2004) Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2005) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2006) Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) (2007) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2008) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2009) Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2010) CeeLo Green (/wiki/CeeLo_Green) (2011) Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) (2012) Frank Ocean (/wiki/Frank_Ocean) (2013) Bruno Mars (/wiki/Bruno_Mars) (2014) Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) (2015) Justin Bieber (/wiki/Justin_Bieber) (2016) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2017) Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2018) Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2019) Tyler, the Creator (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator) (2020) The Weeknd (/wiki/The_Weeknd) (2021) v t e Consequence (/wiki/Consequence_(publication)) Artist / Band of the Year Artist 2010 Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) 2011 James Blake (/wiki/James_Blake_(musician)) 2012 Frank Ocean (/wiki/Frank_Ocean) 2013 Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) 2014 Run the Jewels (/wiki/Run_the_Jewels) 2015 Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) 2016 Chance the Rapper (/wiki/Chance_the_Rapper) 2017 Lorde (/wiki/Lorde) 2018 Janelle Monáe (/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e) 2019 Billie Eilish (/wiki/Billie_Eilish) 2020 Phoebe Bridgers (/wiki/Phoebe_Bridgers) 2021 Lil Nas X (/wiki/Lil_Nas_X) 2022 Harry Styles (/wiki/Harry_Styles) Band 2010 The Roots (/wiki/The_Roots) 2011 Foo Fighters (/wiki/Foo_Fighters) 2012 Death Grips (/wiki/Death_Grips) 2013 Arcade Fire (/wiki/Arcade_Fire) 2014 The War on Drugs (/wiki/The_War_on_Drugs_(band)) 2015 Tame Impala (/wiki/Tame_Impala) 2016 Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band (/wiki/E_Street_Band) 2017 King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard (/wiki/King_Gizzard_%26_the_Lizard_Wizard) 2018 Pearl Jam (/wiki/Pearl_Jam) 2019 Tool (/wiki/Tool_(band)) 2020 BTS (/wiki/BTS) 2021 Chvrches (/wiki/Chvrches) 2022 Muna (/wiki/Muna_(band)) v t e Glamour Award for Man of the Year (/wiki/Glamour_Awards) David Schwimmer (/wiki/David_Schwimmer) (2004) Usher (/wiki/Usher_(musician)) (2005) Paul Bettany (/wiki/Paul_Bettany) (2006) Eric Mabius (/wiki/Eric_Mabius) (2007) Mark Ronson (/wiki/Mark_Ronson) (2008) Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2009) Aaron Johnson (/wiki/Aaron_Taylor-Johnson) (2010) Garrett Hedlund (/wiki/Garrett_Hedlund) (2011) Tom Hiddleston (/wiki/Tom_Hiddleston) (2012) Daniel Radcliffe (/wiki/Daniel_Radcliffe) (2013) Sam Claflin (/wiki/Sam_Claflin) (2014) Calvin Harris (/wiki/Calvin_Harris) (2015) James Norton (/wiki/James_Norton_(actor)) (2016) James Corden (/wiki/James_Corden) (2017) v t e Grammy Award for Best Rap Album (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Album) 1990s Poverty's Paradise (/wiki/Poverty%27s_Paradise) – Naughty by Nature (/wiki/Naughty_by_Nature) (1995) The Score (/wiki/The_Score_(album)) – Fugees (/wiki/Fugees) (1996) No Way Out (/wiki/No_Way_Out_(Puff_Daddy_album)) – Puff Daddy (/wiki/Sean_Combs) and the Family (1997) Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life (/wiki/Vol._2..._Hard_Knock_Life) – Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (1998) The Slim Shady LP (/wiki/The_Slim_Shady_LP) – Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (1999) 2000s The Marshall Mathers LP (/wiki/The_Marshall_Mathers_LP) – Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2000) Stankonia (/wiki/Stankonia) – Outkast (/wiki/Outkast) (2001) The Eminem Show (/wiki/The_Eminem_Show) – Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2002) Speakerboxxx/The Love Below (/wiki/Speakerboxxx/The_Love_Below) – Outkast (/wiki/Outkast) (2003) The College Dropout (/wiki/The_College_Dropout) – Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2004) Late Registration (/wiki/Late_Registration) – Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2005) Release Therapy (/wiki/Release_Therapy) – Ludacris (/wiki/Ludacris) (2006) Graduation (/wiki/Graduation_(album)) – Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2007) Tha Carter III (/wiki/Tha_Carter_III) – Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) (2008) Relapse (/wiki/Relapse_(Eminem_album)) – Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2009) 2010s Recovery (/wiki/Recovery_(Eminem_album)) – Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2010) My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy) – Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2011) Take Care (/wiki/Take_Care_(album)) – Drake (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) (2012) The Heist (/wiki/The_Heist_(album)) – Macklemore & Ryan Lewis (/wiki/Macklemore_%26_Ryan_Lewis) (2013) The Marshall Mathers LP 2 (/wiki/The_Marshall_Mathers_LP_2) – Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2014) To Pimp a Butterfly (/wiki/To_Pimp_a_Butterfly) – Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2015) Coloring Book (/wiki/Coloring_Book_(mixtape)) – Chance the Rapper (/wiki/Chance_the_Rapper) (2016) Damn (/wiki/Damn_(Kendrick_Lamar_album)) – Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2017) Invasion of Privacy (/wiki/Invasion_of_Privacy_(album)) – Cardi B (/wiki/Cardi_B) (2018) Igor (/wiki/Igor_(album)) – Tyler, the Creator (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator) (2019) 2020s King's Disease (/wiki/King%27s_Disease) – Nas (/wiki/Nas) (2020) Call Me If You Get Lost (/wiki/Call_Me_If_You_Get_Lost) – Tyler, the Creator (/wiki/Tyler,_the_Creator) (2021) Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers (/wiki/Mr._Morale_%26_the_Big_Steppers) – Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2022) Michael (/wiki/Michael_(Killer_Mike_album)) – Killer Mike (/wiki/Killer_Mike) (2023) v t e Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Solo_Performance) 1990s " U Can't Touch This (/wiki/U_Can%27t_Touch_This) " – MC Hammer (/wiki/MC_Hammer) (1990) " Mama Said Knock You Out (/wiki/Mama_Said_Knock_You_Out_(song)) " – LL Cool J (/wiki/LL_Cool_J) (1991) " Baby Got Back (/wiki/Baby_Got_Back) " – Sir Mix-a-Lot (/wiki/Sir_Mix-a-Lot) (1992) " Let Me Ride (/wiki/Let_Me_Ride) " – Dr. Dre (/wiki/Dr._Dre) (1993) " U.N.I.T.Y. (/wiki/U.N.I.T.Y.) " – Queen Latifah (/wiki/Queen_Latifah) (1994) " Gangsta's Paradise (/wiki/Gangsta%27s_Paradise) " – Coolio (/wiki/Coolio) (1995) " Hey Lover (/wiki/Hey_Lover) " – LL Cool J (/wiki/LL_Cool_J) (1996) " Men in Black (/wiki/Men_in_Black_(song)) " – Will Smith (/wiki/Will_Smith) (1997) " Gettin' Jiggy wit It (/wiki/Gettin%27_Jiggy_wit_It) " – Will Smith (/wiki/Will_Smith) (1998) " My Name Is (/wiki/My_Name_Is) " – Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (1999) 2000s " The Real Slim Shady (/wiki/The_Real_Slim_Shady) " – Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2000) " Get Ur Freak On (/wiki/Get_Ur_Freak_On) " – Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) (2001) "Scream a.k.a. Itchin'" – Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) / " Hot in Herre (/wiki/Hot_in_Herre) " – Nelly (/wiki/Nelly) (2002) " Work It (/wiki/Work_It_(Missy_Elliott_song)) " – Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) / " Lose Yourself (/wiki/Lose_Yourself) " – Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2003) " 99 Problems (/wiki/99_Problems) " – Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2004) " Gold Digger (/wiki/Gold_Digger_(Kanye_West_song)) " – Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2005) " What You Know (/wiki/What_You_Know_(T.I._song)) " – T.I. (/wiki/T.I.) (2006) " Stronger (/wiki/Stronger_(Kanye_West_song)) " – Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2007) " A Milli (/wiki/A_Milli) " – Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) (2008) " D.O.A. (Death of Auto-Tune) (/wiki/D.O.A._(Death_of_Auto-Tune)) " – Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2009) 2010s " Not Afraid (/wiki/Not_Afraid) " – Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) (2010) v t e Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Performance) 1980s " Parents Just Don't Understand (/wiki/Parents_Just_Don%27t_Understand) " – DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince (/wiki/DJ_Jazzy_Jeff_%26_The_Fresh_Prince) (1988) " Bust a Move (/wiki/Bust_a_Move_(song)) " – Young MC (/wiki/Young_MC) (1989) 2010s " Otis (/wiki/Otis_(song)) " – Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) & Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2011) " Niggas in Paris (/wiki/Niggas_in_Paris) " – Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) & Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (2012) " Thrift Shop (/wiki/Thrift_Shop) " – Macklemore & Ryan Lewis (/wiki/Macklemore_%26_Ryan_Lewis) featuring Wanz (/wiki/Wanz) (2013) " I (/wiki/I_(Kendrick_Lamar_song)) " – Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2014) " Alright (/wiki/Alright_(Kendrick_Lamar_song)) " – Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2015) " No Problem (/wiki/No_Problem_(Chance_the_Rapper_song)) " – Chance the Rapper (/wiki/Chance_the_Rapper) featuring Lil Wayne (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) & 2 Chainz (/wiki/2_Chainz) (2016) " Humble (/wiki/Humble_(song)) " – Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2017) " Bubblin (/wiki/Bubblin_(song)) " – Anderson .Paak (/wiki/Anderson_.Paak) / " King's Dead (/wiki/King%27s_Dead) " – Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) , Jay Rock (/wiki/Jay_Rock) , Future (/wiki/Future_(rapper)) & James Blake (/wiki/James_Blake_(musician)) (2018) " Racks in the Middle (/wiki/Racks_in_the_Middle) " – Nipsey Hussle (/wiki/Nipsey_Hussle) featuring Roddy Ricch (/wiki/Roddy_Ricch) & Hit-Boy (/wiki/Hit-Boy) (2019) 2020s " Savage (/wiki/Savage_(Megan_Thee_Stallion_song)) " – Megan Thee Stallion (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) featuring Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) (2020) " Family Ties (/wiki/Family_Ties_(song)) " – Baby Keem (/wiki/Baby_Keem) featuring Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2021) " The Heart Part 5 (/wiki/The_Heart_Part_5) " – Kendrick Lamar (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) (2022) "Scientists & Engineers" – Killer Mike (/wiki/Killer_Mike) featuring André 3000 (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_3000) , Future (/wiki/Future_(rapper)) & Eryn Allen Kane (/wiki/Eryn_Allen_Kane) (2023) Between 1990–2010, the category was split into two categories Best Rap Solo Performance (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Solo_Performance) and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Performance_by_a_Duo_or_Group) . v t e Grammy Award for Best Rap Song (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rap_Song) 2000s " Lose Yourself (/wiki/Lose_Yourself) " – Jeff Bass (/wiki/Jeff_Bass) , Eminem (/wiki/Eminem) & Luis Resto (/wiki/Luis_Resto_(musician)) (songwriters) (2003) " Jesus Walks (/wiki/Jesus_Walks) " – Miri Ben-Ari (/wiki/Miri_Ben-Ari) , Che Smith (/wiki/Rhymefest) & Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (songwriters) (2004) " Diamonds from Sierra Leone (/wiki/Diamonds_from_Sierra_Leone) " – Devon Harris (/wiki/Devo_Harris) & Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (songwriters) (2005) " Money Maker (/wiki/Money_Maker) " – Ludacris (/wiki/Ludacris) and Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) (songwriters) (2006) " Good Life (/wiki/Good_Life_(Kanye_West_song)) – Aldrin Davis (/wiki/Aldrin_Davis) , Faheem Najm (/wiki/T-Pain) & Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (songwriters) (2007) " Lollipop (/wiki/Lollipop_(Lil_Wayne_song)) " – Dwayne Carter (/wiki/Lil_Wayne) , Stephen Garrett (/wiki/Static_Major) , Darius Harrison (/wiki/Deezle) , Jim Jonsin (/wiki/Jim_Jonsin) & Rex Zamor (songwriters) (2008) " Run This Town (/wiki/Run_This_Town) " – Shawn Carter (/wiki/Jay-Z) , Robyn Fenty (/wiki/Rihanna) , Makeba Riddick (/wiki/Makeba_Riddick) , Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) & Ernest Wilson (/wiki/No_I.D.) (songwriters) (2009) 2010s " Empire State of Mind (/wiki/Empire_State_of_Mind) " – Shawn Carter (/wiki/Jay-Z) , Angela Hunte (/wiki/7669_(group)) , Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) , Jane't "Jnay" Sewell-Ulepic & Alexander Shuckburgh (/wiki/Al_Shux) (songwriters) (2010) " All of the Lights (/wiki/All_of_the_Lights) " – Jeff Bhasker (/wiki/Jeff_Bhasker) , Stacy Ferguson (/wiki/Fergie_(singer)) , Malik Jones (/wiki/Malik_Yusef) , Warren Trotter (/wiki/Really_Doe_(rapper)) & Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (songwriters) (2011) " Niggas in Paris (/wiki/Niggas_in_Paris) " – Shawn Carter (/wiki/Jay-Z) , Mike Dean (/wiki/Mike_Dean_(producer)) , Chauncey Hollis (/wiki/Chauncey_Hollis) & Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) (songwriters) (2012) " Thrift Shop (/wiki/Thrift_Shop) " – Ben Haggerty (/wiki/Macklemore) & Ryan Lewis (/wiki/Ryan_Lewis) (songwriters) (2013) " i (/wiki/I_(Kendrick_Lamar_song)) " – Kendrick Duckworth (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) , Columbus Smith (/wiki/Rahki) & Ronald Isley (/wiki/Ronald_Isley) (songwriters) (2014) " Alright (/wiki/Alright_(Kendrick_Lamar_song)) " – Kendrick Duckworth (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) , Kawan Prather (/wiki/Kawan_Prather) , Mark Spears (/wiki/Mark_Spears) & Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) (songwriters) (2015) " Hotline Bling (/wiki/Hotline_Bling) " – Aubrey Graham (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) & Paul Jefferies (/wiki/Nineteen85) (songwriters) (2016) " Humble (/wiki/Humble_(song)) " – Kendrick Duckworth (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) , Asheton Hogan (/wiki/Asheton_Hogan) & Michael Williams II (/wiki/Mike_Will_Made_It) (songwriters) (2017) " God's Plan (/wiki/God%27s_Plan_(song)) " – Aubrey Graham (/wiki/Drake_(musician)) , Ronald LaTour (/wiki/Cardo_(record_producer)) , Daveon Jackson, Brock Korsan, Matthew Samuels (/wiki/Boi-1da) & Noah Shebib (/wiki/40_(record_producer)) (songwriters) (2018) " A Lot (/wiki/A_Lot_(song)) " – Jermaine Cole (/wiki/J._Cole) , Dacoury Natche (/wiki/DJ_Dahi) , 21 Savage (/wiki/21_Savage) & Anthony White (/wiki/J._White_Did_It) (songwriters) (2019) 2020s " Savage (/wiki/Savage_(Megan_Thee_Stallion_song)) " – Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Shawn Carter (/wiki/Jay-Z) , Brittany Hazzard (/wiki/Starrah) , Derrick Milano (/wiki/Derrick_Milano) , Terius Nash (/wiki/The-Dream) , Megan Pete (/wiki/Megan_Thee_Stallion) , Bobby Sessions Jr. (/wiki/Bobby_Sessions) , Jordan Kyle Lanier Thorpe (/wiki/Pardison_Fontaine) & Anthony White (/wiki/J._White_Did_It) (songwriters) (2020) " Jail (/wiki/Jail_(song)) " – Dwayne Abernathy, Jr. (/wiki/Dem_Jointz) , Shawn Carter (/wiki/Jay-Z) , Raul Cubina (/wiki/Ojivolta) , Michael Dean (/wiki/Mike_Dean_(record_producer)) , Charles M. Njapa (/wiki/88-Keys) , Sean Solymar, Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) & Mark Williams (/wiki/Ojivolta) (songwriters) (2021) " The Heart Part 5 (/wiki/The_Heart_Part_5) " – Jake Kosich, Johnny Kosich, Kendrick Duckworth (/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar) & Matt Schaeffer (songwriters) (2022) "Scientists & Engineers" – Andre Benjamin (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_3000) , Paul Beauregard (/wiki/DJ_Paul) , James Blake (/wiki/James_Blake_(musician)) , Michael Render (/wiki/Killer_Mike) , Tim Moore & Dion Wilson (/wiki/No_I.D.) (songwriters) (2023) v t e Grammy Award for Best Melodic Rap Performance (/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Melodic_Rap_Performance) 2000s " Let Me Blow Ya Mind (/wiki/Let_Me_Blow_Ya_Mind) " – Eve (/wiki/Eve_(rapper)) featuring Gwen Stefani (/wiki/Gwen_Stefani) (2001) " Dilemma (/wiki/Dilemma_(Nelly_song)) " – Nelly (/wiki/Nelly) featuring Kelly Rowland (/wiki/Kelly_Rowland) (2002) " Crazy in Love (/wiki/Crazy_in_Love) " – Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) featuring Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2003) " Yeah! (/wiki/Yeah!_(Usher_song)) " – Usher (/wiki/Usher_(musician)) featuring Ludacris (/wiki/Ludacris) and Lil Jon (/wiki/Lil_Jon) (2004) " Numb/Encore (/wiki/Numb/Encore) " – Linkin Park (/wiki/Linkin_Park) and Jay-Z (/wiki/Jay-Z) (2005) " My Love (/wiki/My_Love_(Justin_Timberlake_song)) " – Justin Timberlake (/wiki/Justin_Timberlake) featuring T.I. (/wiki/T.I.) 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(/wiki/New_God_Flow) " " Clique (/wiki/Clique_(song)) " " Champions (/wiki/Champions_(GOOD_Music_song)) " Other songs " Don't Like (/wiki/I_Don%27t_Like#GOOD_Music_remix) " Related articles GOOD Fridays (/wiki/GOOD_Fridays) Cruel Summer (film) (/wiki/Cruel_Summer_(film)) Kids See Ghosts (/wiki/Kids_See_Ghosts) v t e Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) List of performances (/wiki/List_of_Kim_Kardashian_performances) Television Keeping Up with the Kardashians (/wiki/Keeping_Up_with_the_Kardashians) Kourtney and Kim Take Miami (/wiki/Kourtney_and_Kim_Take_Miami) Kourtney and Kim Take New York (/wiki/Kourtney_and_Kim_Take_New_York) The Kardashians (/wiki/The_Kardashians) Books Kardashian Konfidential (/wiki/Kardashian_Konfidential) Dollhouse (/wiki/Dollhouse_(book)) Selfish (/wiki/Selfish_(book)) Games Kim Kardashian: Hollywood (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian:_Hollywood) Songs " Jam (Turn It Up) (/wiki/Jam_(Turn_It_Up)) " Family (/wiki/Kardashian_family) Robert Kardashian (/wiki/Robert_Kardashian) 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French clothing business This article is about the brand. For other uses, see Anne Fontaine (/wiki/Anne_Fontaine_(disambiguation)) . This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Anne_Fontaine_(brand)) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Anne Fontaine" brand (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Anne+Fontaine%22+brand) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Anne+Fontaine%22+brand+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Anne+Fontaine%22+brand&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Anne+Fontaine%22+brand+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Anne+Fontaine%22+brand) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Anne+Fontaine%22+brand&acc=on&wc=on) ( July 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Anne Fontaine Company type Private (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1993 Headquarters Corporate: Avenue du Canada 14600 Honfleur (/wiki/Honfleur) , France Key people Anne Fontaine, Ari Zlotkin Products Apparel (/wiki/Apparel) Website www.annefontaine.com (http://www.annefontaine.com/) Anne Fontaine is a women's fashion (/wiki/Fashion) brand. The company is based in France (/wiki/France) , and its products include clothing, shoes, handbags and accessories. Founder and namesake [ edit ] An Anne Fontaine flagship store in Paris, France Fontaine has been the recipient of several awards, including the French National Order of Merit (/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)) ( French (/wiki/French_language) : Ordre national du Mérite ) and received the award of l'élan de Mode in 2006 (French Federation of Fashion) [1] (#cite_note-1) In 2011, Fontaine created the New York-based Anne Fontaine Foundation (/wiki/Anne_Fontaine_Foundation) , to support the protection of endangered forests and promote reforestation. The Foundation's projects are focused on the Brazilian Atlantic forest, also known as the Mata Atlântica. History [ edit ] Anne Fontaine opened their first boutique in the Rive Gauche section of Paris in 1994. Since the opening of the original store, Anne Fontaine has expanded to 85 boutiques worldwide including Paris (/wiki/Paris) , Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) and New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) On January 16, 2024, Anne Fontaine filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy (/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy) in the United States. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Gérard Darel, un succès à la française" (http://madame.lefigaro.fr/style/gerard-darel-succes-francaise-080607-9028) . Retrieved 22 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Rohrlich, Marianne (3 September 2008). "Andrée Putman, French Designer, Is the Subject of a Retrospective" (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/04/garden/04shows.html) . Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via NYTimes.com. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "French Impressions: Anne Fontaine's white shirts and the color of happiness – A Woman's Paris" (http://awomansparis.com/2012/11/16/french-impressions-anne-fontaines-white-shirts-and-the-color-of-happiness/) . awomansparis.com . Retrieved 22 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Clothier Anne Fontaine hits Chapter 11 after pandemic slump" (https://www.law360.com/articles/1786759/clothier-anne-fontaine-hits-ch-11-after-pandemic-slump) . Law360 . January 17, 2024 . Retrieved January 18, 2024 . External links [ edit ] Official Website (http://www.annefontaine.com/) Flag Leggings (https://www.southernsistersdesigns.com/ladies-texas-flag-leggings-premium/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐74xhk Cached time: 20240710155118 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.331 seconds Real time usage: 0.445 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1335/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22872/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1005/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18836/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.240/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16245596/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 412.088 1 -total 28.50% 117.442 1 Template:Reflist 25.08% 103.370 4 Template:Cite_web 18.98% 78.229 1 Template:Lang-fr 18.58% 76.554 1 Template:Infobox_company 16.41% 67.627 1 Template:Infobox 14.94% 61.567 1 Template:Short_description 13.58% 55.950 1 Template:More_citations_needed 12.59% 51.880 1 Template:Ambox 8.54% 35.199 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47245366-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710155118 and revision id 1208146111. 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2013 industrial building collapse in Savar, Bangladesh For the 2005 collapse of a garment factory in Dhaka, see 2005 Dhaka garment factory collapse (/wiki/2005_Dhaka_garment_factory_collapse) . Rana Plaza Collapse Side view of the collapsed building Date 24 April 2013 (11 years ago) Time 08:45 am BST (/wiki/Bangladesh_Standard_Time) ( UTC+06:00 (/wiki/UTC%2B06:00) ) [1] (#cite_note-DS_card-1) Location Savar Upazila (/wiki/Savar_Upazila) , Dhaka District (/wiki/Dhaka_District) , Bangladesh Coordinates (/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system) 23°50′46″N 90°15′27″E / 23.84611°N 90.25750°E / 23.84611; 90.25750 Also known as Savar building collapse Deaths 1,134 [2] (#cite_note-The_Guardian-2) Non-fatal injuries ~2,500 [3] (#cite_note-3) Suspects Sohel Rana (/wiki/Sohel_Rana_(businessman)) Charges Murder The Rana Plaza collapse (also referred to as the Savar building collapse or the collapse of Rana Plaza ) was a structural failure (/wiki/Structural_failure) that occurred on 24 April 2013 in the Savar Upazila (/wiki/Savar_Upazila) of Dhaka District (/wiki/Dhaka_District) , Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) , where an eight-storey commercial building called Rana Plaza collapsed. The search for the dead ended on 13 May 2013 with a death toll of 1,134. [2] (#cite_note-The_Guardian-2) Approximately 2,500 injured people were rescued from the building. [4] (#cite_note-Yahoo_News-4) It is considered as one of the deadliest structural failure (/wiki/Structural_integrity_and_failure) in modern human history, as well as the deadliest garment-factory (/wiki/Garment_factory) disaster in history and the deadliest industrial accident in the history of Bangladesh. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-huffpost-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) Amnesty International (/wiki/Amnesty_International) called this "The most shocking recent example of business-related human rights abuse." [8] (#cite_note-8) The building housed five garment factories, a bank, and apartments. It was constructed in 2006 on the site of a former pond, and was built without proper permits. [9] (#cite_note-cnn-9) The fifth through eighth floors were added onto the building without supporting walls. The heavy equipment from the garment factories was more than the structure could support. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-BBC-24-Apr-11) [12] (#cite_note-bd-12) [13] (#cite_note-telegraph-13) On 23 April 2013, large cracks were discovered in the building. The shops and the bank on the lower floors immediately closed, but the garment factory owners on the upper floors ignored the warnings and forced the workers to return to work the following day. On 24 April, the building collapsed at 9:00 am local time, trapping thousands of people inside. [14] (#cite_note-14) The court in Bangladesh formally charged 38 people with murder, along with the building owner Sohel Rana (/wiki/Sohel_Rana_(businessman)) . Rana was arrested after a four-day manhunt, apparently trying to flee across the border to India (/wiki/India) . A total of 41 defendants face charges over the collapse of the complex, which housed five garment factories supplying global brands. Of the 41 people charged, 35 (including Rana) appeared before the court and pleaded not guilty. Rana was not granted bail. He was charged with corruption again in 2017; the trials continue to this day. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-bbc29Aug2017-16) The collapse of Rana Plaza was a major turning point in the Bangladesh garment industry (/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Bangladesh) . It led to widespread protests and calls for better safety standards. [17] (#cite_note-17) In the aftermath of the disaster, the Bangladesh government passed a new law that requires all garment factories to be inspected by a government-approved agency. [18] (#cite_note-18) The International Labour Organization (/wiki/International_Labour_Organization) (ILO) also established the Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Building Safety, which is a legally binding agreement between brands, retailers, and unions to improve safety standards in the Bangladesh garment industry. [19] (#cite_note-19) Background [ edit ] The location of Savar (red marker), the site of the building collapse, in relation to Dhaka (/wiki/Dhaka) . Photo of Rana Plaza taken one year before the collapse. Rana Plaza was built in 2006 and owned by Sohel Rana (/wiki/Sohel_Rana_(businessman)) —allegedly a member of the local unit of Jubo League (/wiki/Jubo_League) (the youth wing of Bangladesh Awami League (/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League) , the political party in power). [12] (#cite_note-bd-12) [20] (#cite_note-20) It housed a number of separate garment factories, employing around 5,000 people, plus ground-level shops and a bank. [21] (#cite_note-guardian-21) The factories manufactured apparel for international brands including Benetton (/wiki/Benetton_Group) , [22] (#cite_note-Forbes-22) Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) , [23] (#cite_note-tg29Apr2013-23) The Children's Place (/wiki/The_Children%27s_Place) , [13] (#cite_note-telegraph-13) El Corte Inglés (/wiki/El_Corte_Ingl%C3%A9s) , [24] (#cite_note-NYT-13-May-24) Joe Fresh (/wiki/Joe_Fresh) , [22] (#cite_note-Forbes-22) Mango (/wiki/Mango_(clothing)) , [23] (#cite_note-tg29Apr2013-23) Matalan (/wiki/Matalan) , [25] (#cite_note-25) Primark (/wiki/Primark) , [26] (#cite_note-usatoday-26) and Walmart (/wiki/Walmart) . [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-Johnson,_Kay_and_Alam,_Julhas-28) The head of the Bangladesh Fire Service & Civil Defence (/wiki/Bangladesh_Fire_Service_%26_Civil_Defence) , Ali Ahmed Khan, said that the upper four floors had been built without a permit. [29] (#cite_note-nyt-29) Rana Plaza's architect, Massood Reza, said the building was "planned for shops and offices, but not factories". Other architects stressed the risks involved in placing factories inside a building designed only for shops and offices, noting the structure was potentially not strong enough to bear the weight and vibration of heavy machinery. [30] (#cite_note-30) On 23 April 2013 (one day before the collapse), a TV channel reported on and showed footage of cracks in the Rana Plaza building. Upon this broadcast, the building was evacuated, [31] (#cite_note-libcom.org-31) and the shops and the bank on the lower floors were closed. [21] (#cite_note-guardian-21) [29] (#cite_note-nyt-29) [32] (#cite_note-DS-10-32) Later in the day, Sohel Rana told the media that the building was "safe", and that workers "should return" the following day. [31] (#cite_note-libcom.org-31) Reportedly, management at Ether Tex threatened to withhold a month's pay from workers who refused to come back to work. [33] (#cite_note-33) Collapse and rescue [ edit ] Video clip of rescue work at the collapsed building. On the morning of 24 April, there was a power outage (/wiki/Power_outage) and diesel generators (/wiki/Diesel_generator) on the top floor were started. [34] (#cite_note-thedailystar.net-34) At 08:54 am BST, loud vibrations and rumbling noises erupted on the top floors and spread throughout Rana Plaza, causing many workers to jump from their positions and rush towards the exits, but the structural failure started less than a minute later. The building collapsed completely at about 08:57 am BST, [34] (#cite_note-thedailystar.net-34) leaving only the ground floor intact. [11] (#cite_note-BBC-24-Apr-11) The Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (/wiki/Bangladesh_Garment_Manufacturers_and_Exporters_Association) president confirmed that 3,122 workers were in the building at the time of the collapse. [35] (#cite_note-itv-35) One local resident described the scene as if "an earthquake had struck." [36] (#cite_note-36) The United Nations (/wiki/United_Nations) ' urban search and rescue (/wiki/Urban_search_and_rescue) coordination group – known as the International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (/wiki/International_Search_and_Rescue_Advisory_Group) (INSARAG) – offered assistance from its members, but the government of Bangladesh (/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh) rejected this offer. The government made a statement, suggesting that the area's local rescue emergency services were sufficiently well-equipped. [37] (#cite_note-37) Before offering assistance to Bangladesh, the UN held consultations and reviews to assess the government's ability to mount an effective rescue operation, reaching the conclusion that they lacked that capability. Bangladeshi officials, desiring to take "face-saving" actions and protect national sensibilities, still refused to accept the assistance offered to them by the UN. A large portion of the rescue operation consisted of inadequately-equipped volunteers, many of whom wore no protective clothing or gear, with mere sandals on their feet. Some buried survivors drank their own urine to survive the high temperatures while waiting to be saved. Not only was the Bangladeshi government accused of favouring national pride over those buried alive, but many relatives of those trapped in the debris criticized the government for trying to end the rescue mission prematurely. [38] (#cite_note-telegraph-aidRefused-38) One of the garment manufacturers' websites indicates that more than half of the victims were women, along with a number of their children who were in nursery (/wiki/Day_care) facilities within the building. [13] (#cite_note-telegraph-13) Bangladeshi Home Minister Muhiuddin Khan Alamgir (/wiki/Muhiuddin_Khan_Alamgir) confirmed that fire service (/wiki/Bangladesh_Fire_Service_%26_Civil_Defense) personnel, police (/wiki/Bangladesh_Police) and military personnel were assisting with the rescue effort. [9] (#cite_note-cnn-9) Volunteer rescue workers used bolts of fabric (/wiki/Bolt_(fabric)) to assist survivors to escape from the building. [39] (#cite_note-39) A national day of mourning was held on 25 April. [9] (#cite_note-cnn-9) On 8 May, army spokesman Mir Rabbi said the army's attempt to recover more bodies from the rubble would continue for at least another week. [40] (#cite_note-Blb8-40) On 10 May, 17 days after the collapse, a woman named Reshma was found and rescued alive, and almost unhurt, under the rubble. [41] (#cite_note-NYT10-41) [42] (#cite_note-BBC10thMay-42) [43] (#cite_note-43) [44] (#cite_note-44) Causes [ edit ] The direct reasons for the building problems were: The building having been built on a filled-in pond, which compromised structural integrity, [31] (#cite_note-libcom.org-31) Conversion from commercial use to industrial use, [45] (#cite_note-:0-45) Unauthorized addition of four floors not included in the original building permit, [46] (#cite_note-:1-46) The use of substandard construction material (which led to an overload of the building structure aggravated by vibrations due to the generators and heavy industrialised machinery). [45] (#cite_note-:0-45) Those various elements indicated dubious business practices by Sohel Rana and dubious administrative practices in Savar. [31] (#cite_note-libcom.org-31) [47] (#cite_note-DhakaTribune-47) [48] (#cite_note-USAToday-48) The collapse of the building was preceded by a number of administrative failures, leading to early warning signs being ignored. It was reported that the industrial police first requested the evacuation of the building until an inspection had been conducted. [49] (#cite_note-49) [50] (#cite_note-50) It was also reported that Abdur Razak Khan, an engineer, declared the building unsafe and requested public authorities to conduct a more thorough inspection; he was arrested for helping the owner illegally add three floors. [48] (#cite_note-USAToday-48) [51] (#cite_note-51) It is also reported that Kabir Hossain Sardar, the Upazila Nirbahi Officer (/wiki/Upazila_Nirbahi_Officer) who visited the site, met with Sohel Rana and declared the building safe. [47] (#cite_note-DhakaTribune-47) Sohel Rana said to the media that the building was safe and workers should return to work the next day. [52] (#cite_note-52) One manager of the factories in the Rana Plaza reported that Sohel Rana told them that the building was safe. [53] (#cite_note-53) Managers then requested the workers to go back to work. Managers at Ether Tex threatened to withhold a month's pay from workers who refused to come to work. [35] (#cite_note-itv-35) As a result, workers also returned to the factories the next day. Management and safety compliance [ edit ] The decision by managers to send workers back into the factories was partially due to the pressure to complete orders on time, putting partial responsibility for the disaster on the short production deadlines preferred by buyers due to the fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) industry. [54] (#cite_note-54) Media including The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) have argued the demand for fast fashion and low-cost clothing motivated minimal oversight by clothing brands and that collectively organised trade unions (/wiki/Trade_union) could have responded to the pressure of management. [55] (#cite_note-55) [56] (#cite_note-56) [57] (#cite_note-Colin_Long-57) [58] (#cite_note-58) Others have argued that trade unions would increase workforce costs and thus endanger the Bangladesh garment industry. [59] (#cite_note-59) Since the Spectrum factory collapse (/wiki/2005_Dhaka_garment_factory_collapse) in 2005, prominent manufacturers organized projects like the Ethical Trading Initiative (/wiki/Ethical_Trading_Initiative) and Business Social Compliance Initiative (BSCI) to prevent such disasters in the Bangladesh textile industry (/wiki/Bangladesh_textile_industry) and elsewhere. [60] (#cite_note-60) These programs ultimately failed to prevent the Savar building collapse. Despite social compliance audits conducted according to BSCI procedure at two of the factories at Rana Plaza, auditors failed to detect the structural concerns. In a press release following the collapse, BSCI explained that their system did not cover building safety. [61] (#cite_note-61) This has been contested, as the BSCI audit questionnaire required auditors to check building permits, and discrepancies between the permit and the number of floors in practice were evident. [62] (#cite_note-62) Some have argued that the BSCI has weak incentives to report such violations. [63] (#cite_note-63) More conclusions about causes will be available when the investigation is over and the courts give their decisions. [64] (#cite_note-64) Aftermath [ edit ] Bangladesh [ edit ] Rescuers carrying out one of the survivors from the collapsed building The day after the Rana Plaza building collapsed, the Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (/wiki/Rajdhani_Unnayan_Kartripakkha) (Capital Development Authority) filed a case against the owners of the building and the five garment factories operating inside it. [35] (#cite_note-itv-35) On the same day, dozens of survivors were discovered in the remains of the building. [65] (#cite_note-65) Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina (/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina) had said in Parliament that the name "Sohel Rana" was not in the Jubo League office bearers list; she then ordered the arrest of Sohel Rana and four of the owners of the garment factories operating in the building. [66] (#cite_note-arrest-66) [67] (#cite_note-67) Sohel Rana was reported to have gone into hiding; [66] (#cite_note-arrest-66) however, authorities reported that four other individuals had already been arrested in connection with the collapse. [68] (#cite_note-68) Two days after the building collapsed, garment workers across the industrial areas of Dhaka, Chittagong (/wiki/Chittagong) and Gazipur (/wiki/Gazipur,_Dhaka_Division) rioted, targeting vehicles, commercial buildings and garment factories. [69] (#cite_note-69) The next day, leftist political parties and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party) -led 18 Party Alliance (/wiki/18_Party_Alliance) demanded the arrest and trial of suspects and an independent commission to identify vulnerable factories. [70] (#cite_note-70) Four days after the building collapsed, the owner of the Rana Plaza, Sohel Rana (/wiki/Sohel_Rana_(businessman)) , was arrested at Benapole (/wiki/Benapole) , Jessore District (/wiki/Jessore_District) , on the Indo-Bangladeshi border (/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93India_border) , by security forces. [71] (#cite_note-bdnews_24_rana_arrest-71) [72] (#cite_note-Rana_is_arrested,_DhakaStar_News-72) [73] (#cite_note-daily_star_rana_arrest-73) [74] (#cite_note-BBC_rana_arrest-74) On the same day a fire broke out at the disaster site and authorities were forced to temporarily suspend the search for survivors. [75] (#cite_note-75) On 1 May, during International Workers' Day (/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day) , thousands of protesting workers paraded through central Dhaka to demand safer working conditions and the death penalty for the owner of Rana Plaza. [76] (#cite_note-76) A week later hundreds of survivors of the disaster blocked a main highway to demand wages as the death toll from the collapse passed 700. [77] (#cite_note-77) [78] (#cite_note-78) Local government officials said they had been in talks with the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association to pay the workers their outstanding April salaries plus a further three months – £97. After officials promised the surviving workers that they would be soon paid, they ended their protest. The government and garment association were compiling a list of surviving employees to establish who must be paid and compensated. [79] (#cite_note-79) The next day, 18 garment plants, including 16 in Dhaka and two in Chittagong, were closed down. Textile minister Abdul Latif Siddique (/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Siddiqui) told reporters that more plants would be shut as part of strict new measures to ensure safety. [80] (#cite_note-80) On 5 June, police in Bangladesh fired into the air in an attempt to disperse hundreds of former workers and relatives of the victims of the collapse who were protesting to demand back pay and compensation promised by the government and the Bangladesh Garments Manufacturers and Exporters Association. [81] (#cite_note-81) On 10 June, seven inspectors were suspended and accused of negligence for renewing the licenses of garment factories in the building that collapsed. [82] (#cite_note-82) On 30 August, 100 days after the collapse of Rana Plaza, injured workers and family members of those who died there along with workers rights activists inaugurated a memorial for the tragedy, a crude statue of two fists thrusting towards the sky grasping a hammer and sickle (/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle) . The police attempted to stop the erection of the memorial several times. It remains the only memorial monument for the tragedy. [57] (#cite_note-Colin_Long-57) [83] (#cite_note-83) [84] (#cite_note-84) On 22 September, at least 50 people were injured when police fired rubber bullets and tear gas into a crowd of protesters who were blocking streets in Dhaka demanding a minimum wage of $100 (৳8,114) a month. [85] (#cite_note-85) In November, a 10-storey garment factory in Gazipur, which supplied Western brands, was allegedly burned down by workers angered over rumours of a colleague's death in police firing. [86] (#cite_note-86) In March 2014 Rana Plaza owner Sohel Rana was granted six months' bail in the High Court (/wiki/Dhaka_High_Court) . This prompted angry reactions from labour leaders. However, Rana would not be released from jail as another case filed by police is pending. [87] (#cite_note-87) A December 2015 report, written by the NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights (/wiki/NYU_Stern_Center_for_Business_and_Human_Rights) , found that only eight of 3,425 factories inspected had "remedied violations enough to pass a final inspection" despite the international community's $280 million commitment to clean up Bangladesh's RMG (/wiki/Ready-made_garment) industry. [88] (#cite_note-theatlantic_2015_dec-88) On 14 June 2016 Sohel Rana and 17 others were indicted for violating building code in the construction of Rana Plaza. [89] (#cite_note-89) In August 2016 the trial was postponed after defendants filed appeals with the High Court of Bangladesh. [90] (#cite_note-90) Worldwide criticism [ edit ] Politicians [ edit ] Board with photos of missing people posted by relatives Nick Clegg (/wiki/Nick_Clegg) , the Deputy Prime Minister of the UK and leader of the Liberal Democrats (/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)) said: "... consumers have more power than they think when it comes to making choices about where they shop." [91] (#cite_note-MR-91) Michael Connarty (/wiki/Michael_Connarty) , UK's Falkirk East (/wiki/Linlithgow_and_East_Falkirk_(UK_Parliament_constituency)) MP, called on the UK Government to push through new legislation to end modern day slavery (/wiki/Modern_day_slavery) by forcing major High Street (/wiki/High_Street) companies in the UK to audit their supply chain. The framework requests that those companies make vigorous checks to ensure slave labour is not used in third world countries and the UK to produce their goods. [92] (#cite_note-92) Karel De Gucht (/wiki/Karel_De_Gucht) , the European Commissioner for Trade (/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Trade) , warned that retailers and the Bangladesh government could face action from the EU if nothing is done to improve the conditions of workers – adding that shoppers should also consider where they are spending their money. [93] (#cite_note-93) On 1 May, Pope Francis (/wiki/Pope_Francis) spoke out against the working conditions in the factory: A headline that really struck me on the day of the tragedy in Bangladesh was 'Living on 38 euros a month'. That is what the people who died were being paid. This is called slave labour. Today in the world this slavery is being committed against something beautiful that God has given us – the capacity to create, to work, to have dignity. How many brothers and sisters find themselves in this situation! Not paying fairly, not giving a job because you are only looking at balance sheets, only looking at how to make a profit. That goes against God! [94] (#cite_note-94) [95] (#cite_note-95) Advocacy groups [ edit ] Human Rights Watch (/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) stated their concern over the number of factory-building tragedies in Bangladesh; there have been numerous major accidents in the country in the past decade, including the 2012 Dhaka fire (/wiki/2012_Dhaka_fire) . [96] (#cite_note-96) IndustriALL Global Union (/wiki/IndustriALL_Global_Union) , a global union federation representing textile and garment workers' trade unions around the world, launched an online campaign in support of the Bangladeshi unions' demand for labour law reform in the wake of the disaster. The campaign, hosted on LabourStart (/wiki/LabourStart) , calls for changes in the law to make it easier for unions to organise workers, as well as demanding improved health and safety conditions. [97] (#cite_note-97) On 27 April, protesters surrounded Primark (/wiki/Primark) store on Oxford Street in the City of Westminster in the West End of London. Speaking outside the store, Murray Worthy, from campaign group War on Want (/wiki/War_on_Want) , said: We're here to send a clear message to Primark that the 300 deaths in the Bangladesh building collapse were not an accident – they were entirely preventable deaths. If Primark had taken its responsibility to those workers seriously, no one need have died this week. [98] (#cite_note-98) There have been monthly protests at Benetton (/wiki/Benetton_Group) 's flagship store at Oxford Circus in London since the one year anniversary of the collapse. Benetton initially denied reports linking production of their clothing at the factory, but clothes and documents linked to Benetton were discovered at the disaster site. [99] (#cite_note-99) The protesters are demanding that Benetton contribute to the compensation fund, which they have not yet done. [100] (#cite_note-100) The Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights (/wiki/Institute_for_Global_Labour_and_Human_Rights) established a workers' relief fund, which raised $26,000 for injured workers and surviving family members by September 2013. [101] (#cite_note-101) Academia [ edit ] A team of researchers from NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights (/wiki/NYU_Stern_Center_for_Business_and_Human_Rights) began their investigation which resulted in an April 2014 report entitled "Business as Usual Is Not an Option: Supply Chains and Sourcing after Rana Plaza." [102] (#cite_note-NYU_Stern_2014-102) A December 2015 report, written by the NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights (/wiki/NYU_Stern_Center_for_Business_and_Human_Rights) , found that only eight of 3,425 factories inspected had "remedied violations enough to pass a final inspection" despite the international community's $280 million commitment to clean up Bangladesh's RMG industry. [88] (#cite_note-theatlantic_2015_dec-88) Consumers [ edit ] Dozens of consumers in the United States and Australia spoke out against unsafe working conditions found in the factory building. People also expressed their anger at retailers that did not have any connections to that specific building, but are known to source from factories located in Bangladesh. [103] (#cite_note-103) [104] (#cite_note-104) Fashion industry response [ edit ] At a meeting of retailers and NGOs a week after the collapse, a new Accord on Factory and Building Safety in Bangladesh (/wiki/Accord_on_Factory_and_Building_Safety_in_Bangladesh) , generally known as Bangladesh Accord, was created and a deadline of 16 May was set to sign it. [24] (#cite_note-NYT-13-May-24) The agreement expands on a previous accord signed only by the US-based PVH (/wiki/PVH_(company)) , which owns Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) . Walmart (/wiki/Walmart) , along with 14 other North American companies, refused to sign the Accord as the deadline passed. [105] (#cite_note-105) As of 23 May 2013, thirty-eight companies had signed the accord. [106] (#cite_note-106) Walmart, J.C. Penney (/wiki/J.C._Penney) and labour activists have been considering an agreement to improve factory safety in Bangladesh for at least two years. [40] (#cite_note-Blb8-40) In 2011, Walmart rejected reforms that would have had retailers pay more for apparel to help Bangladesh factories improve safety standards. [28] (#cite_note-Johnson,_Kay_and_Alam,_Julhas-28) [107] (#cite_note-107) On 10 July 2013, a group of 17 major North American retailers, including Walmart, Gap (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) , Target (/wiki/Target_Corporation) and Macy's (/wiki/Macy%27s) , announced a plan to improve factory safety in Bangladesh, drawing immediate criticism from labour groups who complained that it was less stringent than an accord reached among European companies. Unlike the accord joined mainly by European retailers, the plan lacks legally binding commitments to pay for those improvements. [108] (#cite_note-NYT52214-108) Dov Charney (/wiki/Dov_Charney) , the founder and CEO of American Apparel (/wiki/American_Apparel) , was interviewed on Vice.tv (/wiki/Vice.tv) and spoke out against the poor treatment of workers in developing countries and referred to it as "slave labor". Charney proposed a "Global Garment Workers Minimum Wage" and discussed in detail many of the inner workings of the modern fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) industry commerce practices that led to dangerous factory conditions like at Savar. [109] (#cite_note-109) In October 2013, Canadian Brad Loewen was given the responsibility of implementing the Accord requirement to upgrade the safety features of 1600 Bangladeshi garment factories. He and his wife, filmmaker Shelagh Carter (/wiki/Shelagh_Carter) , moved to Dhaka (/wiki/Dhaka) in December 2013 [110] (#cite_note-110) [111] (#cite_note-111) for an expected five-year term. [112] (#cite_note-112) By 2023, substantial progress had been made on fire and building safety in the Bangladesh garment industry, but survivors of the collapse still faced uncompensated economic hardships created by physical and psychological injuries. [113] (#cite_note-113) Compensation to victims [ edit ] A survivor of the building collapse. According to the International Labor Rights Forum, full compensation for the families and victims was achieved in 2015. [114] (#cite_note-114) In mid 2014, Human Rights Watch reported that initial payments of $650 each had been documented. [115] (#cite_note-115) The initial response to calls for compensation was slow. In mid September 2013, compensations to families of disaster victims were under discussion only, with many families struggling to survive after having lost their lone wage earner who used to provide them food, shelter, education and health care. [116] (#cite_note-116) Families who had received the $200 compensation from Primark (/wiki/Primark) were only those able to provide DNA evidence of their relative's death in the collapse, which proved extremely difficult. [117] (#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-117) The US government provided DNA kits to the families of victims. [117] (#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-117) Of the 29 brands identified as having sourced products from the Rana Plaza factories, only 9 attended meetings held in November 2013 to agree on a proposal on compensation to the victims. Several companies refused to sign including Walmart, Carrefour (/wiki/Carrefour) , Auchan (/wiki/Auchan) and KiK (/wiki/KiK) . The agreement was signed by Primark, Loblaw (/wiki/Loblaw) , Bonmarche and El Corte Ingles. [118] (#cite_note-Ovi2013-118) By March 2014, seven of the 28 international brands sourcing products from Rana Plaza had contributed to the Rana Plaza Donor's Trust Fund compensation fund, which is backed by the International Labour Organization (/wiki/International_Labour_Organization) . [119] (#cite_note-119) More than 2 dozen victims' families have not been compensated as they could not back up their claims with documentation. [120] (#cite_note-120) Charges [ edit ] On 15 June 2014, the Bangladesh Anti Corruption Commission (/wiki/Anti-Corruption_Commission_(Bangladesh)) filed a case against 14 people for building Rana Plaza with faulty design. [46] (#cite_note-:1-46) On 1 June 2015, murder charges were filed by the Bangladesh Police (/wiki/Bangladesh_Police) against 42 people, including the owners of the building, over the collapse. [121] (#cite_note-121) [122] (#cite_note-122) The accused were indicted on 28 July 2016. The case was delayed after the Bangladesh High Court (/wiki/Bangladesh_High_Court) stopped trial proceedings against 5 accused including Savar Mayor Refayat Ullah. [123] (#cite_note-123) On 29 August 2017, the factory owner, Sohel Rana, was sentenced to a maximum three year imprisonment by a court for failing to declare his personal wealth to the country's anti-graft commission. Rana and 37 others, including government officials, have also been charged with murder and could receive the death penalty if they are found responsible for the complex's collapse. [16] (#cite_note-bbc29Aug2017-16) As of 2021, both the murder trial and the violation of the building code trial are still pending. Only Sohel Rana is in custody (/wiki/Imprisonment) , the others accused were on bail (/wiki/Bail) , on the run or already dead. [124] (#cite_note-124) [125] (#cite_note-125) International reaction [ edit ] The Savar building collapse has led to widespread discussions about corporate social responsibility (/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility) across global supply chains (/wiki/Supply_chain) . Based on an analysis of the Savar building collapse, Wieland and Handfield (2013) suggest that companies need to audit products and suppliers; and that supplier auditing needs to go beyond direct relationships with first-tier suppliers. They also demonstrate that visibility must be improved if supply cannot be directly controlled, and that smart and electronic technologies play a key role to improve visibility. Finally, they highlight that collaboration with local partners, across the industry and with universities is crucial to successfully managing social responsibility in supply chains. [126] (#cite_note-126) Bangladesh Garment Sramik Sanghati, an organization working for the welfare of the workers, has called on the government, international buyers, and factory owners to compensate survivors and victims' families. The group has also asked that April 24 be declared Labor Safety Day in the country. Global labour and rights groups have criticized Western retailers and say they are not doing enough to ensure the safety at factories where their clothes are made. The companies linked to the Rana Plaza disaster include the Spanish brand Mango, Italian brand Benetton and French retailer Auchan. [127] (#cite_note-dwelle2404-127) On 24 April 2014, thousands of people gathered at an event held to commemorate the first anniversary of the disaster near the building site. [128] (#cite_note-128) Documentary [ edit ] Shelagh Carter (/wiki/Shelagh_Carter) produced a short documentary, Rana Plaza: Let Not the Hope Die (2014), commemorating the one-year anniversary of the tragedy, while living in Dhaka (/wiki/Dhaka) [129] (#cite_note-Rana-129) in support of her husband Brad Loewen's work in implementing the Accord. [130] (#cite_note-Sarasvati-130) See also [ edit ] Exploitation of labour (/wiki/Exploitation_of_labour) Final Embrace (/wiki/Final_Embrace) Sweatshop (/wiki/Sweatshop) The True Cost (/wiki/The_True_Cost) List of disasters in Bangladesh by death toll (/wiki/List_of_disasters_in_Bangladesh_by_death_toll) Other garment factory disasters: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire (/wiki/Triangle_Shirtwaist_Factory_fire) (1911) Pakistan garment factory fires (/wiki/2012_Pakistan_garment_factory_fires) (2012) Other building collapses: Pemberton Mill (/wiki/Pemberton_Mill) (1860 collapse) Collapse of Hotel New World (/wiki/Collapse_of_Hotel_New_World) (1986) Sampoong Department Store collapse (/wiki/Sampoong_Department_Store_collapse) (1995) Collapse of the World Trade Center (/wiki/Collapse_of_the_World_Trade_Center) (2001) Thane building collapse (/wiki/2013_Thane_building_collapse) (2013) Riga supermarket roof collapse (/wiki/Riga_supermarket_roof_collapse) (2013) Surfside condominium building collapse (/wiki/Surfside_condominium_building_collapse) (2021) Organizations Alliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety (/wiki/Alliance_for_Bangladesh_Worker_Safety) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-DS_card_1-0) Mollah, Shaheen; Bin Habib, Wasim (25 April 2013). 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"Matalan supplier among manufacturers in Bangladesh building collapse" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/24/bangladesh-building-collapse-kills-garment-workers) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . London . Retrieved 24 April 2013 . ^ a b O'Connor, Clare. " (https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2013/04/30/extreme-pricing-at-what-cost-retailer-joe-fresh-sends-reps-to-bangladesh-as-death-toll-rises/) 'Extreme Pricing' At What Cost? Retailer Joe Fresh Sends Reps To Bangladesh As Death Toll Rises" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2013/04/30/extreme-pricing-at-what-cost-retailer-joe-fresh-sends-reps-to-bangladesh-as-death-toll-rises/) . Forbes . Retrieved 26 August 2013 . ^ a b Smithers, Rebecca (29 April 2013). "Benetton admits link with firm in collapsed Bangladesh building" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/29/benetton-link-collapsed-building-bangladesh) . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 26 August 2013 . ^ a b Greenhouse, Steven (13 May 2013). 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"Campaign Victory: Full Compensation Secured for Rana Plaza Victims" (https://laborrights.org/releases/campaign-victory-full-compensation-secured-rana-plaza-victims) . ^ (#cite_ref-115) Human Rights Watch (22 April 2015). "Compensation for the Victims of the Rana Plaza and Tazreen Fashions Disasters" (https://features.hrw.org/features/HRW_2015_reports/Bangladesh_Garment_Factories/chapter-5.html#:~:text=%5B204%5D%20On%20the%20first%20anniversary,each%20of%20them%20is%20due.) . ^ (#cite_ref-116) "Garment makers to discuss Bangladesh compensation" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24042776) . BBC News . 11 September 2013. ^ a b Dhaka factory collapse: No compensation without DNA identificationBy Jane Deith, BBC News, Dhaka, 16 September 2013, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24080579 (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24080579) ^ (#cite_ref-Ovi2013_118-0) Ovi, Ibrahim Hossain (2013), "Buyers' compensation for Rana Plaza victims far from reality" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160325223918/http://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2013/nov/17/buyers%e2%80%99-compensation-rana-plaza-victims-far-reality) , Dhaka Tribune , archived from the original (http://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2013/nov/17/buyers%E2%80%99-compensation-rana-plaza-victims-far-reality) on 25 March 2016 , retrieved 16 December 2013 ^ (#cite_ref-119) Aulakh, Raveena (14 March 2014). "Rana Plaza compensation fund short millions" (https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2014/03/14/rana_plaza_compensation_fund_short_millions.html) . Toronto Star (/wiki/Toronto_Star) . Retrieved 15 March 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-120) "Bangladesh Rana Plaza Incident: 130 Families face the agony of Missing Bodies" (http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/bangladesh-rana-plaza-incident-130-families-face-the-agony-of-missing-bodies/) . news.biharprabha.com. 23 April 2015 . Retrieved 23 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-121) "Bangladesh files murder charges over Rana Plaza collapse" (http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/6/1/bangladesh-garment-factory-murder.html) . Al Jazeera. 1 June 2015 . Retrieved 1 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-122) Inani, Rohit (1 June 2015). "Bangladesh Factory Owner Charged With Murder Over Rana Plaza Collapse" (http://time.com/3902945/rana-plaza-murder-charges-owner-sohel-rana/) . Time . Retrieved 1 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-123) "Rana Plaza: Still no justice" (http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/2017/04/24/67913/Rana-Plaza:-Still-no-justice) . The Financial Express . Dhaka . Retrieved 30 April 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-124) Ch, Chaitanya; Halder, ra; Bappi, Emrul Hasan (24 April 2021). "Rana Plaza Collapse: No progress yet in trial of murder case" (https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/rana-plaza-collapse-no-progress-yet-trial-murder-case-2082749) . The Daily Star . Retrieved 11 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-125) "Eight years on, Rana Plaza cases locked in files" (https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/04/24/8-years-on-rana-plaza-cases-locked-in-files) . Dhaka Tribune . 24 April 2021 . Retrieved 11 July 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-126) Andreas Wieland; Robert B. Handfield (2013). "The Socially Responsible Supply Chain: An Imperative for Global Corporations". Supply Chain Management Review . 17 (5). ^ (#cite_ref-dwelle2404_127-0) "Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on" (http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288) . Deutsche Welle (/wiki/Deutsche_Welle) . 24 April 2014 . Retrieved 20 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-128) "Rana Plaza factory disaster anniversary marked by protests" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/24/rana-plaza-factory-disaster-anniversary-protests) . The Guardian . Agence France-Presse. 24 April 2014. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 30 April 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Rana_129-0) "Rana Plaza: Let Not The Hope Die" (https://www.winnipegfilmgroup.com/films/rana-plaza-let-not-the-hope-die/) . Winnipeg Film Group Catalogue . Winnipeg Film Group . Retrieved 13 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Sarasvati_130-0) "A Wide Array of Cabaret Artists" (https://sarasvatitransforms.wordpress.com/2015/08/19/a-wide-array-of-cabaret-artists/) . Sarasvati Productions . 19 August 2015 . Retrieved 20 March 2019 . Further reading [ edit ] Heartbreaking Bangladesh Factory Photo Shows Couple In Final Embrace (PHOTO) (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/08/bangladesh-final-embrace_n_3238492.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . 8 May 2013. Smile, Work and Die (https://www.truthdig.com/articles/smile-work-and-die/) . Vijay Prashad (/wiki/Vijay_Prashad) . Truthdig (/wiki/Truthdig) . 26 April 2013. Bangladesh factory collapse: Clothes made for a tenth of retail price, documents show | Toronto Star (https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2013/05/14/bangladesh_factory_collapse_clothes_made_for_a_tenth_of_retail_price_documents_show.html) — Toronto Star (/wiki/Toronto_Star) , 14 May 2013 Will Retailers Invest in Safer Conditions in Bangladesh? – YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukcRfrEIYQo) (7:43)— PBS NewsHour (/wiki/PBS_NewsHour) interview Miller, Doug (February 2013). "Towards Sustainable Labour Costing in UK Fashion Retail" (http://www.capturingthegains.org/pdf/ctg-wp-2013-14.pdf) (PDF) . Capturing the Gains . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-907247-86-6 . SSRN (/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)) 2212100 (https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2212100) . A year after Rana Plaza: What hasn't changed since the Bangladesh factory collapse (https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-year-after-rana-plaza-what-hasnt-changed-since-the-bangladesh-factory-collapse/2014/04/18/9a06f266-c1c3-11e3-b195-dd0c1174052c_story.html) , The Washington Post (/wiki/The_Washington_Post) , 18 April 2014 'Without stronger unions, Rana Plaza will happen time and time again' (https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2014/apr/24/rana-plaza-garment-workers-bangladesh) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . 24 April 2014. 27 Arrested at The Children's Place HQ in Protest over Factory Collapse (http://www.democracynow.org/2015/3/13/headlines/27_arrested_at_the_childrens_place_hq_in_protest_over_factory_collapse) . Democracy Now! (/wiki/Democracy_Now!) 13 March 2015. Akhter, Shamima (March 2014). "Endless misery of nimble fingers: the Rana Plaza disaster" (http://www.adpc.net/igo/category/ID596/doc/2014-pul8Ob-ADPC-ADPC_paper_on_women.pdf) (PDF) . Asian Journal of Women's Studies (/wiki/Asian_Journal_of_Women%27s_Studies) . 20 (1): 137–147. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1080/12259276.2014.11666176 (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F12259276.2014.11666176) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 149821857 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149821857) . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2013 Savar building collapse (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2013_Savar_building_collapse) . 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Television advertisement Write the Future is an advert (/wiki/Advert) made by Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) football (/wiki/Association_football) for the 2010 World Cup (/wiki/2010_World_Cup) and directed by Mexican (/wiki/Mexican_people) filmmaker (/wiki/Filmmaker) Alejandro González Iñárritu (/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu) for the UK based production company, Independent Films Limited. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) The full version is over three minutes in length and features football players Didier Drogba (/wiki/Didier_Drogba) , Fabio Cannavaro (/wiki/Fabio_Cannavaro) , Wayne Rooney (/wiki/Wayne_Rooney) , Franck Ribéry (/wiki/Franck_Rib%C3%A9ry) , Ronaldinho (/wiki/Ronaldinho) , and Cristiano Ronaldo (/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo) as its main players. All of the players play in a scenario during a World Cup (/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_Finals) match and after significant events occur, the players usually see a significant ripple effect (/wiki/Ripple_effect) outside the world of football. [3] (#cite_note-3) The advert aired during the 2010 FIFA World Cup (/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup) . [4] (#cite_note-4) It features the song "Hocus Pocus" (/wiki/Hocus_Pocus_(song)) , by progressive rock band Focus (/wiki/Focus_(band)) . It was created by Wieden+Kennedy (/wiki/Wieden%2BKennedy) and produced by Elissa Singstock and Olivier Klonhammer, written by Mark Bernath, Eric Quennoy, Stuart Harkness and Freddie Powell. The Sound design and mix was done by Raja Sehgal working out of Grand Central Recording Studios in London. The advertisement won the Film Grand Prix (/wiki/Cannes_Lions_International_Festival_of_Creativity) at the 2011 Cannes Lions festival. [5] (#cite_note-5) Plot [ edit ] Didier Drogba (/wiki/Didier_Drogba) is seen making a run towards goal against Italy, with Fabio Cannavaro (/wiki/Fabio_Cannavaro) in hot pursuit. As Drogba moves and shoots for goal, the scene shifts to broadcasters both at the stadium and in studios across Africa, beaming his efforts back to Côte d'Ivoire (/wiki/Cote_d%27Ivoire) , where a massive street party is erupting ahead of his assumed goal. However, Cannavaro makes an impressive goal-line clearance: cut to him being the guest of honor on a Mediaset (/wiki/Mediaset) -style Italian variety program, where dancers wearing sequined variations of his #6 shirt re-enact the clearance while suspended on wires, while crooner Bobby Solo (/wiki/Bobby_Solo) sings a song with the lyrics "C'è Cannavaro! C'è capitano!" The ball then comes to Wayne Rooney (/wiki/Wayne_Rooney) , who (with time running out) is looking to make a move versus France, attempting to pick out Theo Walcott (/wiki/Theo_Walcott) with a pass while thousands of English fans, both in the ground and watching at home, urge him forward. Rooney makes the pass: however, it is intercepted by Franck Ribéry (/wiki/Franck_Rib%C3%A9ry) , and the resulting reaction from the British public is shown: riots in the streets, a plunge in the stock market, young fans tearing down posters of Rooney from their bedroom walls, a tabloid headline reading "ENGLAND IN ROO-INS!" (read, with approval, by Tim Howard (/wiki/Tim_Howard) and Landon Donovan (/wiki/Landon_Donovan) ), and Rooney's eventual plunge into obscurity, bearded and overweight, working as a groundsman at a small football club and living in a caravan underneath a billboard of Ribéry (mimicking a previous ad for Nike, seen earlier in the commercial, where Rooney was painted to look like the St George's Cross (/wiki/St_George%27s_Cross) ). Having seen his "future", we cut back to present-day Rooney, sprinting after Ribéry and making a clean tackle. As the crowd chants his name, the reactions to this are shown: he is knighted, a tabloid shows his face carved into the Cliffs of Dover (/wiki/Cliffs_of_Dover) with the headline "JUST ROO IT!" (read and thrown away by Andrés Iniesta (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Iniesta) , Gerard Piqué (/wiki/Gerard_Piqu%C3%A9) and Cesc Fàbregas (/wiki/Cesc_F%C3%A0bregas) ), the stock market reaches record highs, scores of babies are named "Wayne", and he even beats Roger Federer (/wiki/Roger_Federer) in a game of table tennis. The ball then comes to Brazilian defender Thiago Silva (/wiki/Thiago_Silva) , who springs Ronaldinho (/wiki/Ronaldinho) into the corner. Faced by a defender, he then executes a number of step-overs, which become a viral video (/wiki/Viral_video) re-enacted and shared millions of times: the step-over even becomes a basis of an exercise video called "RON'S SAMBA-ROBICS" and Kobe Bryant (/wiki/Kobe_Bryant) celebrates a late 3-point basket by doing the step-over. Ronaldinho's eventual cross is chested down by Cristiano Ronaldo (/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo) , who sprints upfield with the ball past Holland. We are shown scenes of Ronaldo's celebrity: him cutting the ribbon on the "Estádio Cristiano Ronaldo", a cameo on The Simpsons (/wiki/The_Simpsons) where he appears on the doorstep of 742 Evergreen Terrace (/wiki/742_Evergreen_Terrace) and nutmegs Homer Simpson (/wiki/Homer_Simpson) (who reacts with a characteristic "Ronal-D'OH!"), the premiere of Ronaldo: The Movie starring Gael García Bernal (/wiki/Gael_Garc%C3%ADa_Bernal) as Ronaldo...until he is grabbed and taken down by a Dutch defender. As he sets up the free-kick, scenes of Ronaldo preparing to strike the ball are intercut with his potential "future": the unveiling of a giant statue of Ronaldo in a Portuguese square. Notable stars [ edit ] Notable people seen in the advert, in order of appearance: Didier Drogba (/wiki/Didier_Drogba) Fabio Cannavaro (/wiki/Fabio_Cannavaro) Bobby Solo (/wiki/Bobby_Solo) Wayne Rooney (/wiki/Wayne_Rooney) Lassana Diarra (/wiki/Lassana_Diarra) Theo Walcott (/wiki/Theo_Walcott) Patrice Evra (/wiki/Patrice_Evra) Franck Ribéry (/wiki/Franck_Rib%C3%A9ry) Tim Howard (/wiki/Tim_Howard) Landon Donovan (/wiki/Landon_Donovan) Jérémy Toulalan (/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my_Toulalan) Cesc Fàbregas (/wiki/Cesc_F%C3%A0bregas) Andrés Iniesta (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Iniesta) Gerard Piqué (/wiki/Gerard_Piqu%C3%A9) Roger Federer (/wiki/Roger_Federer) Thiago Silva (/wiki/Thiago_Silva_(footballer)) Luís Fabiano (/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Fabiano) Ronaldinho (/wiki/Ronaldinho) Alejandro González Iñárritu (/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu) Kobe Bryant (/wiki/Kobe_Bryant) Cristiano Ronaldo (/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo) Homer Simpson (/wiki/Homer_Simpson) Gael García Bernal (/wiki/Gael_Garc%C3%ADa_Bernal) André Ooijer (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ooijer) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Vazquez, Paloma M. (May 21, 2010). "Nike "Writes the Future" – Just In Time For The World Cup" (http://www.psfk.com/2010/05/nike-writes-the-future-just-in-time-for-the-world-cup.html) . PSFK (/wiki/PSFK) . Retrieved February 12, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Nike - Write the Future . Retrieved April 23, 2024 – via www.youtube.com. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "The Curse of the Nike Ad" (https://slate.com/culture/2010/07/nike-s-write-the-future-commercial-is-a-warning-against-banking-on-star-power-during-the-world-cup.html) . Slate . July 6, 2010. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1091-2339 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1091-2339) . Retrieved April 23, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Vazquez, Paloma M. (June 15, 2010). "Measuring The Value Of A Sponsorship: Nike's World Cup Buzz" (http://www.psfk.com/2010/06/measuring-the-value-of-a-sponsorship-nikes-world-cup-buzz.html) . PSFK (/wiki/PSFK) . Retrieved January 26, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Wieden Picks Up Film Grand Prix for Nike's 'Write the Future' (https://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/wieden-kennedy-picks-film-grand-prix-nikes-write-future-132915/) " (https://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/wieden-kennedy-picks-film-grand-prix-nikes-write-future-132915/) . Adweek . Retrieved September 15, 2018 . External links [ edit ] Advert on YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cl0IlD4qLUM) Independent Films (http://www.independ.net) production company Preceded by The Man Your Man Could Smell Like (/wiki/The_Man_Your_Man_Could_Smell_Like) Cannes Lions Film Grand Prix Winner (/wiki/Cannes_Lions_International_Advertising_Festival) 2011 Succeeded by Back to the Start v t e Nike, Inc. (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) 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Traditional Chinese sleeveless and collarless vest Bijia A woman wearing a Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) bijia. Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 比甲 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Bǐjiǎ Bijia ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 比甲 ) is a long, sleeveless jacket of Mongol (/wiki/Mongols) origins which has opened side slits. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) : 46, 68 The bijia started to be worn in the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) when it was designed by Empress Chabi (/wiki/Chabi) . [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The bijia eventually became one of the most typical form of women's clothing item in the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) and in the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) . [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) It is also a type of hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) which has been revived in present days. [5] (#cite_note-5) History [ edit ] Yuan dynasty [ edit ] The bijia originated from a long-length Mongol vest (/wiki/Waistcoat) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) : 46 [6] (#cite_note-:4-6) According to the Yuan shi , the invention of bijiia is attributed to Empress Chabi (/wiki/Chabi) during the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) . [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [7] (#cite_note-:5-7) Empress Chabi designed the bijia so that it would be a convenient form of attire while riding horses and shooting arrows. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) The front region of the bijia designed by Empress Chabi was made of 1-piece of fabric, and its back region was twice longer than the front region. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [7] (#cite_note-:5-7) [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) It was collarless and sleeveless, and there were two loop straps which attached to it. [2] (#cite_note-:1-2) [7] (#cite_note-:5-7) [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) It also had no lapels. [8] (#cite_note-:6-8) The bijia was first worn by the Yuan dynasty emperor but it later became popular among commoners. [9] (#cite_note-:7-9) Ming dynasty [ edit ] After the fall of the Yuan dynasty, Mongol fashion of the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Fashion_in_Yuan_dynasty) continued to influence some styles of clothing worn in the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) ; this included the persisting usage of bijia. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) : 46 [6] (#cite_note-:4-6) The bijia became a type of women clothing in the Ming dynasty, and by the middle of the Ming dynasty it had become a favourite form of dress for women, especially young women. [9] (#cite_note-:7-9) In the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) , the bijia was long in length and would reach below the knee level. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) It was embroidered on woven textile and a jade ornament would be attached at the front of the bijia as a front closure. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Bijia created an illusion of slenderness, which women in the Ming dynasty sought after. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) Qing dynasty [ edit ] In the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) , Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) women were allowed to continue the Ming dynasty (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) clothing customs. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) The bijia remained very popular in Qing dynasty, [9] (#cite_note-:7-9) and it was one of the most common forms of female clothing worn in the 17th and 18th century. [4] (#cite_note-:3-4) Woman wearing bijia (right). Woman wearing beizi (/wiki/Beizi) (left). From the painting Amorous Meeting in a Room Interior, late 18th century Qing Dynasty. 21st Century [ edit ] In the 21st century, the bijia regained popularity and is widely worn as a hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) item. [10] (#cite_note-10) Woman wearing a long, yellow bijia (middle), 2020. Influences and derivatives [ edit ] Theatrical beixin [ edit ] See also: Chinese opera costume (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) The Chinese opera beixin ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 背心 ), also known as kanjian , majia , and beida , were sleeveless vests (/wiki/Waistcoat) which originated from both the Ming dynasty's (/wiki/Ming_dynasty) long-length bijia worn by women from the lower-middle class and from the Qing dynasty's (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) majia ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 马甲 ), [11] (#cite_note-11) a type of vest which were worn by the Manchu (/wiki/Manchu_people) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Theatrical beixin for a female Buddhist priest (front view). Theatrical beixin for a female Buddhist priest (back view). Majia [ edit ] See also: Qizhuang (/wiki/Qizhuang) The majia ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 马甲 ), the sleeveless riding vest of the Qing dynasty, evolved from the bijia which was popular among women during the Ming and Qing dynasties. [9] (#cite_note-:7-9) [13] (#cite_note-13) Sleeveless Jacket with Flowering Vine Pattern and Bands (front), late 19th–early 20th century Sleeveless Jacket with Flowering Vine Pattern and Bands (back), late 19th–early 20th century Sleeveless Jacket, 19th century. Similar looking garments [ edit ] Banbi (/wiki/Banbi) Song dynasty beixin - Sleeveless and translucent vests, which became a popular female fashion in the Southern Song. [14] (#cite_note-14) : 265–266 Dahu (/wiki/Dahu_(clothing)) Zhaojia (/w/index.php?title=Zhaojia&action=edit&redlink=1) (罩甲) Baeja (/wiki/Baeja) - A sleeveless or very short-sleeved vest in Korea Beixin, Song dynasty Zhaojia, Ming dynasty See also [ edit ] Beizi (/wiki/Beizi) Fashion in Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Fashion_in_Yuan_dynasty) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Finnane, Antonia (2008). Changing clothes in China : fashion, history, nation . New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-231-14350-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 84903948 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/84903948) . ^ a b c d e Zhao, George Qingzhi (2008). Marriage as political strategy and cultural expression : Mongolian royal marriages from world empire to Yuan dynasty . New York: Peter Lang Pub. pp. 240–241. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4331-0275-2 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 192134589 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/192134589) . ^ a b c d Hua, Mei (2011). Chinese clothing (Updated ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-521-18689-6 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 781020660 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/781020660) . ^ a b c Wang, Anita Xiaoming (2018). "The Idealised Lives of Women: Visions of Beauty in Chinese Popular Prints of the Qing Dynasty" (https://www.jstor.org/stable/26585538) . Arts Asiatiques . 73 : 61–80. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.3406/arasi.2018.1993 (https://doi.org/10.3406%2Farasi.2018.1993) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0004-3958 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-3958) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 26585538 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/26585538) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "A Brief History of Chinese Outfit for Girl - Bijia (vest) - 2021" (https://www.newhanfu.com/3398.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2020-02-16. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210226034030/https://www.newhanfu.com/3398.html) from the original on 2021-02-26 . Retrieved 2021-06-23 . ^ a b Schlesinger, Jonathan (2017). A world trimmed with fur : wild things, pristine places, and the natural fringes of Qing rule . Stanford, California. p. 31. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5036-0068-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 949669739 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/949669739) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b c Shea, Eiren L. (2020). Mongol court dress, identity formation, and global exchange . New York, NY. p. 89. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-429-34065-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1139920835 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1139920835) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b c Lee, Lily Xiao Hong (2015). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II : Tang Through Ming 618-1644 . Sue Wiles. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 25. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-317-51562-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 905984401 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/905984401) . ^ a b c d 5000 years of Chinese costumes . Xun Zhou, Chunming Gao, 周汛, Shanghai Shi xi qu xue xiao. Zhongguo fu zhuang shi yan jiu zu. San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. 1987. p. 164. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8351-1822-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 19814728 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19814728) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "A Brief History of Chinese Outfit for Girl - Bijia (vest) - 2021" (https://www.newhanfu.com/3398.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2020-02-16. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210226034030/https://www.newhanfu.com/3398.html) from the original on 2021-02-26 . Retrieved 2021-07-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Ye, Tan (2020). Historical dictionary of Chinese theater (Second ed.). Lanham. p. 352. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5381-2064-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1128888776 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1128888776) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Woman's domestic vest (majia)" (https://collections.mfa.org/objects/22257/womans-domestic-vest-majia;jsessionid=9465E8DF06300335A88C473562033F49) . collections.mfa.org . Retrieved 2021-07-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Li, Jinzhao (2005). Constructing Chinese America in Hawaiʻi: the Narcissus Festival, ethnic identity, and community transformation, 1949-2005 (Thesis thesis). hdl (/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) : 10125/12055 (https://hdl.handle.net/10125%2F12055) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Kuhn, Dieter (2009). The age of Confucian rule : the Song transformation of China . Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-674-03146-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 192050158 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/192050158) . v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is for articles about fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) from Aruba (/wiki/Aruba) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐7jqdn Cached time: 20240719121808 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.067 seconds Real time usage: 0.089 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 37/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1780/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 51/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1367/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.036/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 797918/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 74.861 1 -total 71.23% 53.326 1 Template:Portal 28.56% 21.379 1 Template:Category_explanation 25.87% 19.366 1 Template:Hatnote Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:18907889-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719121808 and revision id 1220175640. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Aruban fashion designers" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . I Percy Irausquin (/wiki/Percy_Irausquin) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Aruban_fashion_designers&oldid=1220175640 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Aruban_fashion_designers&oldid=1220175640) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Culture of Aruba (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Aruba) Aruban people by occupation (/wiki/Category:Aruban_people_by_occupation) Dutch fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Dutch_fashion_designers) Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality)
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Chinese model In this Chinese name (/wiki/Chinese_name) , the family name (/wiki/Chinese_surname) is Xi (奚) (/wiki/Xi_(surname)) . Ming Xi 奚梦瑶 Ming Xi in 2019 Born Xi Mengyao ( 1989-03-18 ) 18 March 1989 (age 35) Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) , China (/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China) Spouse Mario Ho ( m. 2019) Children 1 Modeling information Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) [1] (#cite_note-The_Society_Management-1-1) Hair color Black [1] (#cite_note-The_Society_Management-1-1) Eye color Brown [1] (#cite_note-The_Society_Management-1-1) Agency The Lions (/wiki/The_Lions_(agency)) (New York) Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (Paris, Milan, Barcelona, Copenhagen, Toronto) Storm Model Management (/wiki/Storm_Model_Management) (London) Model Management (Hamburg) Munich Models (/wiki/Munich_Models) (Munich) MP Stockholm (Stockholm) [2] (#cite_note-2) Ming Xi or Xi Mengyao ( simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) : 奚梦瑶 ; traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 奚夢瑤 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Xī Mèngyáo ; born 18 March 1989) is a Chinese model. Her professional modeling career started in 2009 after she attended a TV competition. Her international modeling career began in 2011 when she debuted for the Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) Haute Spring Show. [3] (#cite_note-EliteModelLook-2-3) In the same year, she modeled the Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) collection and appeared as the face of Givenchy's Fall/Winter publicity advertising campaign. Xi also modeled for the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) in 2013. Career [ edit ] In 2008, Xi attended a television competition on Dragon Television (/wiki/Dragon_Television) called Go! Oriental Angels . This was her first notable appearance on television. [4] (#cite_note-CNNTravel-4) Two years after she graduated from college, Xi participated in the Elite Model Look (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look) competition, a fashion modeling event held by Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) . Xi ranked third in the competition. Shortly after the contest, she was offered a contract with Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , and debuted at the Givenchy Haute Couture Show and ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) shows. [3] (#cite_note-EliteModelLook-2-3) She started her international modeling career shortly after in the same year, when she appeared in the Givenchy F/W 2010 campaign, shot by Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott (/wiki/Mert_and_Marcus) . [5] (#cite_note-models.com-5) Xi also took part in the Fall/ Winter 2011 New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) with other three Chinese fashion models: Shu Pei (/wiki/Shu_Pei) , Sun Feifei (/wiki/Fei_Fei_Sun) , and Liu Wen (/wiki/Liu_Wen_(model)) . [4] (#cite_note-CNNTravel-4) Xi modeled the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) in 2013 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2013) , 2014 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2014) , 2015 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2015) , 2016 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2016) , 2017 (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show_2017) and 2018. [ citation needed ] In 2014, Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) invited Xi to model his Michael Kors Shanghai Extravaganza with Rosie Huntington-Whiteley (/wiki/Rosie_Huntington-Whiteley) and Miranda Kerr (/wiki/Miranda_Kerr) . Xi also participated in the Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) red carpet with Kors and Huntington-Whiteley. [6] (#cite_note-audreymagazine.com-6) In 2015, Olivier Rousteing (/wiki/Olivier_Rousteing) , creative director of Balmain, invited Xi to model the Balmain 2015 Fall runway along with Alessandra Ambrosio (/wiki/Alessandra_Ambrosio) , Adriana Lima (/wiki/Adriana_Lima) , Constance Jablonski (/wiki/Constance_Jablonski) , Taylor Hill (/wiki/Taylor_Hill_(model)) , Joan Smalls (/wiki/Joan_Smalls) , Cindy Bruna (/wiki/Cindy_Bruna) , Jourdan Dunn (/wiki/Jourdan_Dunn) , Karlie Kloss (/wiki/Karlie_Kloss) , Magdalena Frąckowiak (/wiki/Magdalena_Fr%C4%85ckowiak) , Devon Windsor (/wiki/Devon_Windsor) , and Lily Donaldson (/wiki/Lily_Donaldson) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2015, Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) selected Xi to star in a new campaign for his label, and cooperated with Kendall Jenner (/wiki/Kendall_Jenner) and Sasha Luss (/wiki/Sasha_Luss) . [8] (#cite_note-8) Personal life [ edit ] In July 2019, Xi married Mario Ho, son of Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) - Macau (/wiki/Macau) magnate Stanley Ho (/wiki/Stanley_Ho) , after an engagement ceremony in May earlier in the year. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) She gave birth to a son named Ronaldo in October 2019. [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "The Society Management Ming Xi" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130818153623/http://thesocietymanagement.com/details.aspx?nav=2&modelid=616556&subid=10863&mainsubid=10863) . The Society Management. Archived from the original (http://thesocietymanagement.com/details.aspx?nav=2&modelid=616556&subid=10863&mainsubid=10863) on 18 August 2013 . Retrieved Feb 14, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Ming Xi (https://models.com/models/ming-xi) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181125142644/https://models.com/models/ming-xi) 2018-11-25 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved 2017-10-31. ^ Jump up to: a b "Ming Xi" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110901/https://www.elitemodellook.com/successstories/mingxi.html) . Elite Model Look (/wiki/Elite_Model_Look) . Archived from the original (https://www.elitemodellook.com/successstories/mingxi.html) on 2015-04-02 . Retrieved 2015-02-27 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lu, Kate (2010-12-30). "5 Chinese Models to Watch in 2011" (http://travel.cnn.com/shanghai/life/five-chinese-models-worth-watching-2011-612518) . CNN (/wiki/CNN) Travel . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180328023124/http://travel.cnn.com/shanghai/life/five-chinese-models-worth-watching-2011-612518/) from the original on 2018-03-28 . Retrieved 2017-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-models.com_5-0) "Ming Xi" (http://models.com/models/ming-xi/3/year/advertising) . models.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190331220016/https://models.com/models/ming-xi/3/year/advertising) from the original on 31 March 2019 . Retrieved 1 Mar 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-audreymagazine.com_6-0) Chen, Rachel (2014-07-09). "Introducing Ming Xi, One of China's Hottest Top Models Right Now" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150103134106/http://audreymagazine.com/introducing-ming-xi-one-of-chinas-hottest-top-models-right-now/) . Audrey . Archived from the original (http://audreymagazine.com/introducing-ming-xi-one-of-chinas-hottest-top-models-right-now/) on 2015-01-03 . Retrieved 2015-04-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Yotka, Steff (2015-03-05). "Balmain Gives You Wings" (http://www.style.com/trends/industry/2015/models/balmain-victorias-secret-models) . style.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150818102447/http://www.style.com/trends/industry/2015/models/balmain-victorias-secret-models) from the original on 2015-08-18 . Retrieved 2017-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) McCarthy, Emma (2015-02-10). "The thing with Ming: the hot Chinese model that might just push Cara Delevingne off the catwalks" (https://www.standard.co.uk/fashion/partiesandpeople/the-thing-with-ming-the-hot-chinese-model-that-might-just-push-cara-delevingne-off-the-catwalks-10035653.html) . London Evening Standard . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150706061334/http://www.standard.co.uk/fashion/partiesandpeople/the-thing-with-ming-the-hot-chinese-model-that-might-just-push-cara-delevingne-off-the-catwalks-10035653.html) from the original on 2015-07-06 . Retrieved 2017-10-31 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Mario Ho Is Engaged To Supermodel Ming Xi: Here's What You Need To Know" (https://hk.asiatatler.com/society/mario-ho-is-engaged-supermodel-mingxi-heres-what-you-need-to-know) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201204075601/https://hk.asiatatler.com/society/mario-ho-is-engaged-supermodel-mingxi-heres-what-you-need-to-know) 2020-12-04 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Hong Kong Tatler [15-05-2019] ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Stanley Ho's youngest son marries model Ming Xi, who famously fell on Victoria's Secret catwalk" (https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/3017433/stanley-hos-youngest-son-marries-lingerie-model-ming-xi-who-famously-fell) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201107234946/https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/3017433/stanley-hos-youngest-son-marries-lingerie-model-ming-xi-who-famously-fell) 2020-11-07 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) South China Morning Post [05-07-2019] ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Ming Xi's Instagram" (https://www.instagram.com/p/B3_xBX6nH-Z/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230712211402/https://www.instagram.com/p/B3_xBX6nH-Z/) 2023-07-12 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) [24-10-2019] External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ming Xi (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ming_Xi) . Ming Xi (https://weibo.com/ximingxi) on Weibo (/wiki/Weibo) (in Chinese) Ming Xi (https://www.instagram.com/MingXi11/) on Instagram (/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)) Ming Xi (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/ming_xi/) at Fashion Model Directory (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Ming Xi (https://models.com/models/ming-xi) on Models.com Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/43155224414784370766) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgCQYwpGxP4YKFWm8cF8C) National United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2019033625) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐cb9rf Cached time: 20240720165158 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.782 seconds Real time usage: 1.025 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3583/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 44959/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6939/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 41144/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.567/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 20862164/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 967.442 1 -total 30.37% 293.790 1 Template:Infobox_model 20.39% 197.218 1 Template:Reflist 14.85% 143.676 1 Template:Sinaweibo 14.44% 139.687 5 Template:Cite_web 12.53% 121.257 1 Template:In_lang 9.08% 87.819 1 Template:Authority_control 7.64% 73.933 1 Template:Short_description 5.28% 51.124 1 Template:Commons_category 5.28% 51.045 1 Template:Marriage Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:45241018-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720165158 and revision id 1222213822. 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Articles relating to ritual masks (/wiki/Mask#Ritual_masks) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐kkmd4 Cached time: 20240713185532 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.003 seconds Real time usage: 0.005 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53330878-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713185532 and revision id 813790676. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. C Masquerade ceremonies (/wiki/Category:Masquerade_ceremonies) (8 C, 13 P) D Death masks (/wiki/Category:Death_masks) (7 P) K Krampus (/wiki/Category:Krampus) (1 C, 6 P) Pages in category "Ritual masks" The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Benin ivory mask (/wiki/Benin_ivory_mask) D Domino mask (/wiki/Domino_mask) Dorset Ooser (/wiki/Dorset_Ooser) E Masks among Eskimo peoples (/wiki/Masks_among_Eskimo_peoples) K Korean mask (/wiki/Korean_mask) Krampus (/wiki/Krampus) Kwakwakaʼwakw art (/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_art) L Latvian masked processions (/wiki/Latvian_masked_processions) M Mummering (/wiki/Mummering) P Perchta (/wiki/Perchta) T Tatanua mask (/wiki/Tatanua_mask) Traditional African masks (/wiki/Traditional_African_masks) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ritual_masks&oldid=813790676 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ritual_masks&oldid=813790676) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Ceremonial clothing (/wiki/Category:Ceremonial_clothing) Masks (/wiki/Category:Masks)
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American fashion designer Sergio Hudson is an American fashion designer. Biography [ edit ] Hudson was born and brought up in Ridgeway, South Carolina (/wiki/Ridgeway,_South_Carolina) . [1] (#cite_note-1) His sister was a model. He studied fashion at Bauder College. In 2013, Hudson won Bravo TV's " Styled to Rock (/wiki/Styled_to_Rock_(American_TV_series)) " fashion competition show. The $100,000 prize allowed him to launch his eponymous label the following year. The designer made his New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) debut in September 2020. [2] (#cite_note-2) For his Spring/Summer 2022 collection, he collaborated with a number of veteran models, including Beverly Johnson (/wiki/Beverly_Johnson) and Veronica Webb (/wiki/Veronica_Webb) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) He is best known for dressing Vice President Kamala Harris (/wiki/Kamala_Harris) and Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) during the 2021 US presidential inauguration proceeding, [5] (#cite_note-5) with both outfits making headlines, [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) although it wasn't the first time Michella Obama donned his clothes. [9] (#cite_note-9) He has also dressed a number of celebrities, including Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) , Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) , Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , Tiffany Haddish (/wiki/Tiffany_Haddish) , and Issa Rae (/wiki/Issa_Rae) . [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) His ready-to-wear brand has since been picked up by numerous luxury fashion retailers, including Bergdorf Goodman (/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman) and Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) . [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) Collections [ edit ] Fall/Winter 2021 Ready-To-Wear [11] (#cite_note-11) Spring/Summer 2022 Ready-To-Wear [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Fall/Winter Ready-To-Wear 2022 [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Portee, Allyson. "Why You Should Not Take Your Eyes Off Sergio Hudson, One Of America's Establishing Designers" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/allysonportee/2021/09/11/why-you-should-not-take-your-eyes-off-sergio-hudson-one-of-americas-establishing-designers/) . Forbes . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Solá-Santiago, Frances. "Sergio Hudson Is Bringing His Inauguration-Day Glamour To NYFW" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2021/09/10664401/sergio-hudson-interview-fall-2021) . www.refinery29.com . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Boucher, Vincent (2022-02-14). "NYFW: Sergio Hudson Debuts Safari-Themed Spring-Summer Collection in Pastels" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/style/sergio-hudson-spring-summer-2022-collection-new-york-fashion-week-1235093165/) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Model legends walk Sergio Hudson's NY Fashion Week runway" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/new-york-africa-revlon-michelle-obama-brazil-b2014431.html) . The Independent . 2022-02-14 . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Holland, Oscar (21 January 2021). "Michelle Obama wows US presidential inauguration in head-to-toe plum and burgundy" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/michelle-obama-inauguration-outfit/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Michelle Obama Put the Spotlight on a Black Designer at the Inauguration" (https://www.vogue.com/article/michelle-obama-inauguration-2021-sergio-hudson) . Vogue . 2021-01-20 . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) " (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/jan/23/kamala-harris-inauguration-fashion-coat-dress-designers) 'A new wave': Kamala Harris elevates black designers on world stage" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/jan/23/kamala-harris-inauguration-fashion-coat-dress-designers) . the Guardian . 2021-01-23 . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Michelle Obama receives praise for purple Inauguration Day outfit" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/michelle-obama-inauguration-outfit-designer-b1790181.html) . The Independent . 2021-01-20 . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Davis, Jessica (2019-07-08). "Michelle Obama wears a blue sequinned jumpsuit for a festival in New Orleans" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a28321730/michelle-obama-wears-a-blue-sequinned-jumpsuit-for-a-festival-in-new-orleans/) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ a b Newman, Scarlett (14 February 2022). "From Kamala Harris to Beyoncé, Sergio Hudson dresses women in charge" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/sergio-hudson-nyfw-spring-2022/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Sergio Hudson Fall 2021 Ready-to-Wear Collection" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2021-ready-to-wear/sergio-hudson) . Vogue . 2021-09-09 . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Sergio Hudson Spring 2022 Ready-to-Wear Collection" (https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2022-ready-to-wear/sergio-hudson) . Vogue . 2021-09-10 . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Every Look from Sergio Hudson Spring/Summer 2022 — NYFW Runway Photos Fashion" (https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion-week/every-look-sergio-hudson-spring-summer-2022) . L'Officiel USA . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Hyde, Shelby Ying (2022-02-14). "Sergio Hudson Took Us on an Extravagant Spring Safari" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-week/a39076053/sergio-hudson-fall-2022/) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Every Look from Sergio Hudson Fall/Winter 2022" (https://www.lofficielarabia.com/fashion-week/every-look-from-sergio-hudson-fall-winter-2022) . www.lofficielarabia.com . Retrieved 2022-04-04 . 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