text stringlengths 14 4.79k | source stringlengths 13 304 | tokens float64 75 1.06k ⌀ | char_length float64 106 4.79k ⌀ | article_title stringlengths 16 300 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
About 55% of the Bulgarian autosomal genetic legacy is Mediterranean, about the half of which resembles the Caucasian, Middle Eastern and to a lesser extent the North African genetics. Combining all lines of evidence, it is suggested that the major part of the within-Balto-Slavic genetic variation can be mainly attribu... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Summary | 154 | 752 | null |
Section: Y-DNA. The national groups of Eastern Europe are characterized by dominant haplogroups R1a or I2, while those of Western Europe are characterized by dominant haplogroups R1b or I1, and by other dominant haplogroups in Europe are characterized Albanians, Finns, Greeks, and Turks, and over 50% of the total pool ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 347 | 1,218 | null |
The major haplogroups, grouped by age of around 20 kya, are: Haplogroup I-L460 (I2a) is presented at levels 21.9% according to 808 Bulgarian male samples of the largest-scale study from 2013. By higher levels are defined the profiles of Ukrainians and all South Slavs other than Slovenians. Evidence points to European o... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 324 | 1,332 | null |
I2a is recorded to be the dominant haplogroup in the former Sofia-city, Sofia, Plovdiv and Varna province between 23-33%, dropping under 10% in central Bulgaria. Bulgarian Hg I2a most often belongs specifically to the P37.2, M423 branch ("Hg I2a1b"), representing 20% of Bulgarian males, the rest ~2% of Bulgarian males ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 341 | 1,404 | null |
This "Balkan cluster" also has the highest variance in Ukraine, which indicates that the very high frequency in the Western Balkan is because of a founder effect. Utevska calculated that the STR cluster divergence and its secondary expansion from the middle reaches of the Dnieper river or from Eastern Carpathians towar... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 334 | 1,514 | null |
(2020), the distribution of ancestral subclades like of I-CTS10228 among contemporary carriers indicates a rapid expansion from Southeastern Poland, is mainly related to the Slavs and their medieval migration, and the "largest demographic explosion occurred in the Balkans". Haplogroup E-V68 (E1b1b1a) is presented at le... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 326 | 1,412 | null |
However, it might have really begun to expand in the Balkans somewhat later, perhaps during the population growth of the Bronze Age. It resulted to be the dominant haplogroup in the former Burgas, Lovech, Montana and Razgrad province, from 20% to 38%. Like I-P37 above, it is rather limited to Europe but peaks in the Ba... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 338 | 1,424 | null |
It has been revealed that the R1a branch Z282 that is limited to Eastern Europe and separated from their Asian relative ~5000 years ago, makes up 96% of Bulgarian R1a, while the most common branch from China to Anatolia (Z93) makes up the rest 4%. As such, the R1a frequency may only be the result of ultimate descendant... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 273 | 1,099 | null |
M458 is the dominant R1a clade in the regions roughly corresponding to the area of Bulgarian dialects that share most similarities with Polish dialects, the eastern dialects and the Slavic dialects in Greece. R1a with a prevailing M458 (17%) component makes up the majority in the former Haskovo province with the highes... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 316 | 1,291 | null |
Some of the phenomena that distinguish western and eastern subgroups of the South Slavic people and languages can be explained by two separate migratory streams of different tribal groups of the future South Slavs via both: the west and east of the Carpathian Mountains., the western Balkans was settled with Sclaveni, t... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 343 | 1,376 | null |
The ancestral L23 and Z2103 branch show a clear relationship with Anatolia and the Near East. The branch turned to be the dominant clade of the Yamna culture in far eastern Europe. In addition to the Middle East it is currently the dominant clade of R1b there in parts of central and east Europe. The Bulgarian STR marke... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 308 | 1,255 | null |
Furthermore, the majority of all the male skeletons from the European Neolithic period have so far yielded Y-DNA belonging to this haplogroup. The oldest skeletons confirmed by ancient DNA testing as carrying haplogroup G2a were five found in the Avellaner cave burial site in Catalonia, Spain and were dated by radiocar... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 345 | 1,089 | null |
Finally, there are also some other Y-DNA Haplogroups presented at a lower levels among Bulgarians ~ 10% all together, as J-M267 (J1) at ~3.5%, E-M34 (E1b1b1b2a1) at ~2%, T-M70 (T1a) at ~1.5%, at less than 1% Haplogroup C-M217 (C2), H-M82 (H1a1), N-M231 (N), Q-M242 (Q), L-M61 (L), I-M170 (I*), E-M96 (E*) excl. M35, R-M1... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 290 | 855 | null |
Haplogroup frequencies of Bulgarians A phylogenetic analysis determines that the population of Haskovo Province has shorter genetic distance against the population of the Czech Republic than to the Bulgarian provinces, and that only the population of Burgas Province is closer to Haskovo than the Hungarian population, f... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 346 | 1,345 | null |
According to another study involving 126 Bulgarian males, frequencies are the following: 30% I (25.5% I2a, 4% I1); 20,5% E; 17.5% R (R1b 11%, R1a 6%); 17.5% J (16% J2); 5.5% G; 4% Q; 1% L; 1% T; unknown 3%. According to another study involving 100 Bulgarian males, frequencies are the following: 34% I (29% I2a, 3% I1); ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Y-DNA | 169 | 390 | null |
Section: mtDNA. Complementary evidence exists from mtDNA data. Bulgaria shows a very similar profile to other European countries – dominated by mitochondrial haplogroups Hg H (~42%), Hg U (~18%), Hg J/Hg T (~18%), and Hg K (~6%). Like most Europeans, H1 is the prevailing subclade among Bulgarians. Most of the U-carrier... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - mtDNA | 326 | 939 | null |
Section: auDNA and overall. Whilst haploid markers such as mtDNA and Y-DNA can provide clues about past population history, they only represent a single genetic locus, compared to hundreds of thousands present in nuclear, autosomes. Although autosomal analyses often sample a small number of Bulgarians, by multiple auto... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - auDNA and overall | 292 | 1,429 | null |
The overall data situates the southeastern group (Bulgarians and Macedonians) in a cluster with Romanians, and they are at similar proximity to Gagauzes, Montenegrins and Serbs who are not part of another cluster but are described as 'in between' clusters. Macedonians and Romanians consistently appear to be among the m... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - auDNA and overall | 327 | 1,490 | null |
Bulgarians are also only modestly close to their eastern neighbours – the Anatolian Turks, suggesting the presence of certain geographic and cultural barriers between them. Despite various invasions of Altaic-speaking peoples in Europe, no significant impact from such Asian descent is recorded throughout southern and c... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - auDNA and overall | 309 | 1,664 | null |
Southeastern Europeans share large numbers of common ancestors that date roughly to the times of the Slavic expansion around 1,500 years ago. The eastern European populations with high rates of (IBD) are highly coincident with the modern distribution of Slavic languages including Hungary, Romania, Greece and Albania, s... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - auDNA and overall | 325 | 1,744 | null |
This might suggest Slavic gene flow across the wide area and physical boundaries such as the Carpathian Mountains, including Hungarians, Romanians and Gagauz. Notably, the number of common ancestors within the last 1,000 to 2,000 years is particularly high within eastern and Slavic-speaking Europe. A high number of sha... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - auDNA and overall | 303 | 1,327 | null |
Per one pair of individuals South Slavs keep sharing most IBD with East-South Slavs and the same amount with the inter-Slavic, followed by Greeks and Western Europeans. For Bulgarians the prevailing donor group in admixture with up to more than 40% are a northeastern group, consistent with the medieval Slav expansion, ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - auDNA and overall | 350 | 1,252 | null |
The same publication provided the following two analyses on oneway admixture of the Bulgarian autosomal makeup: 1) 46.0% Belarusian-like (including 23.2% Lithuanian, 19.3% Polish, 2.3% Finnish) and 54.0% Cypriot-like (including 14.8% Greek, 12.7% Cypriot, 11.9% Arab, 4.1% Italian, 3.3% Georgian, 2.0% Sardinian, 2.8% Ir... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - auDNA and overall | 254 | 749 | null |
Section: Ancient DNA. Despite the most common haplogroup among Bulgarians being 14000 years old I2a1b at 20%, 8000 years old hunter-gatherer samples of the same haplogroup came out genetically very distant from Bulgarian and Balkan individuals by an autosomal analysis of skeletal remains from Loschbour cave in Luxembou... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Ancient DNA | 330 | 1,354 | null |
Four samples from Iron Age Bulgaria were studied, the official study confirmed only that the two are male and mtDNA of two individuals - U3b for the Svilengrad man and HV for the Stambolovo individual. Haplogroups U for the Krushare man, U2e for the Vratitsa individual have been identified. Those individuals were from ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Ancient DNA | 328 | 1,241 | null |
After at least 20 medieval (10-14th century) mtDNA samples from Cedynia and Lednica in Poland, possibly Slavic, had been studied, the 855 sampled modern Bulgarians come out overall the closest group to these samples out of 20 other European nations and moreover, they share the highest value of haplotypes with the medie... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Ancient DNA | 322 | 1,474 | null |
Recent studies of ancient DNA have revealed that European populations are largely descending from three ancestral groups. The first one are Paleolithic Siberians, the second one are Paleolithic European hunter-gatherers, and the third one are early farmers and later arrivals from the Near East and West Asia. According ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Ancient DNA | 302 | 1,486 | null |
A later study published by Cell Press in 2023, focused on demographic developments in the Balkan peninsula during the first millennium CE, also examined the DNA of present-day populations from the Balkans, among them Bulgarians. It determined that present-day Bulgarians, like all other populations in the region, were a... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Ancient DNA | 314 | 1,556 | null |
Section: Paleo DNA. The Bacho Kiro Cave has yielded the oldest human remains ever to be found in Bulgaria which are unrelated to the modern-day Europeans. At one of the earliest known Aurignacian burials (layer 11), two pierced animal teeth were found and ordered into the distinct Bachokiran artifact assemblage. Radioc... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Paleo DNA | 343 | 1,594 | null |
In the single dispersal Out of Africa theory, it is believed that populations related to the Initial Upper Palaeolithic population of Bacho Kiro cave contributed ancestry to later Asian populations, because of genetic similarity and to some early West Europeans such as the c. 35,000 year old individual from the Goyet C... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Bulgarians - Paleo DNA | 303 | 1,404 | null |
Article: Genetic studies on Croats. Population genetics is a scientific discipline which contributes to the examination of the human evolutionary and historical migrations. Particularly useful information is provided by the research of two uniparental markers within our genome, the Y-chromosome (Y-DNA) and mitochondria... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Summary | 258 | 1,252 | null |
In the 2018 study, 10 out of 17 samples from Croatia had a successful Y-DNA sequencing; two Croatia Cardial Neolithic (6005–5786 BCE) samples from Zemunica Cave belonged to C1a2 and E1b1b1a1b1, Early-Neolithic Starčevo culture (5837–5659 BCE) from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to C, Early-Neolithic Croatia Impressa cultu... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Ancient Y-DNA and atDNA | 349 | 1,227 | null |
In the 2021, was made a genome-wide analysis on 38 out of 41 individuals from the 6200 years old massacre at village Potočani in Eastern Croatia. They belonged to the Middle Copper Age Lasinja culture, and autosomally 70% of them were not in close kinship implying "a community composed of many family groups". According... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Ancient Y-DNA and atDNA | 346 | 1,414 | null |
According to Admixture, Croatian Neolithic samples have 97.6-100% ANF-ancestry, Copper Age samples have 71% ANF-ancestry and 29% Western Steppe Herders (WSH)-ancestry, while Bronze Age samples 47% ANF, 20% WHG and 33% WSG-ancestry. The observed Y-DNA haplogroups in Neolithic/Copper period were two G2a2a-PF3147, one G2a... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Ancient Y-DNA and atDNA | 299 | 938 | null |
He carried Scythian-Eurasian Y-DNA haplogroup R1a1a1b2a2-Z2124 > R1a1a1b2a2b1-F1345 (R-F1019* subclade). Between 2018 and 2022 studies analyzed many samples related to the Cetina culture, Proto-Illyrians and specific Illyrian tribes (Iapydes and Liburni), finding that their paternal lineage almost exclusively belonged ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Ancient Y-DNA and atDNA | 307 | 1,407 | null |
Section: Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA. Genetically, on the paternal Y chromosome line and studies published between 2003 and 2008, a majority (>75%) of male Croats from Croatia belongs to one of the three major European Y-DNA haplogroups – I2 (32%-34%), R1a (27%-34%) and R1b (12%-15%), while a minority (>25%) ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA | 337 | 890 | null |
Haplogroup I among Croats from Croatia is around 43.5%, while in Šokci, a subgroup of Croats from eastern Croatia, is between 44% and 50% of the same haplogroup. It is divided in two major subdivisions – subclade I2 (37.7%), typical for the populations of the Balkans and Eastern Europe, and I1 (5.8%), typical for the p... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA | 339 | 842 | null |
its subclade lineage I-M423 (18,400-14,000 YBP) > I-Y3104 (14,000-11,400 YBP) > I2a1a2b-L621 (11,400-6,500 YBP) > I-CTS10936 (6,500-5,600 YBP) > I-S19848 (5,600 YBP) > I-CTS4002 (5,600-5,100 YBP) > I-CTS10228 (5,100-3,400 YBP) > I-Y3120 (3,400-2,100 YBP) > I-S17250 (2,100-1,850 YBP) > I-PH908 (1,850-1,700 YBP), which i... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA | 295 | 654 | null |
In Croatia the highest frequency is observed in Dalmatia, peaking in cities of Split (50.48%), Dubrovnik (53%) and Zadar (60%), as well southern Adriatic islands of Vis (44.6%), Brač and Korčula (~55%), and Hvar (52.88-65%). It is around average in the cities of Pula (31.31%) and Osijek (27.6-40.91%), some southern Mlj... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA | 332 | 1,079 | null |
The population with haplogroup I migrated to Europe from the Middle East, approximately 25,000-13,000 years ago. It represents the Paleolithic and Mesolithic population of hunter gatherers in Europe. However, in comparison to older research which argued a prehistoric autochthonous origin of the contemporary haplogroup ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA | 311 | 1,382 | null |
Utevska calculated that the STR cluster divergence and its secondary expansion from the middle reaches of the Dnieper river or from Eastern Carpathians towards the Balkan peninsula happened approximately 2,860 ± 730 years ago, relating it to the times before Slavs, but much after the decline of the Tripolye culture. Ho... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA | 330 | 1,377 | null |
R1a1a1-M17 (22.1%-25.6%) is the second most prevailing haplogroup. The haplogroup R-M17 in Croatia is mostly divided into two subclades, R-M558 which is predominant (19.2%), and R-M458 (4.9%), while R-Z282 is rare (1.2%). It has highest frequency in northern (29.1%) and central (23.6%) region, and almost the same frequ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA | 337 | 977 | null |
In Bosnian Croats, the frequency is similar to those of other South Slavs (12%). Considering subclades, the only outlier is island of Cres which had almost equal percentage of R1a-M558 (29.3%) and R1a-M458 (27.3%). Based on 8 STR marker genetic distances closest are populations of near countries, but also depending on ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA | 348 | 1,226 | null |
The highest frequency of the haplogroup Haplogroup R1b (7.9%-9.1%), which in Croatia is divided into several subclades (mainly R-L23 and its subclade R-U152), has in northern (10.9%) and central (11.8%) region of Croatia, while locally in the Croats from the island of Krk (16.2%) and Dugi Otok (25%), and Žumberak (11.3... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA | 329 | 1,022 | null |
From the haplogroup E (9.8%-10.6%) among Croats the most frequent is subclade E1b1b1a1b-V13 (6.7%), while E1b1b1a3-M149 and E1b1b1c-M123 were also found in small numbers (1.1%). E-V13 it's typical of the populations of south-eastern Europe, peaking among Kosovo Albanians (44%), and is also high among the Macedonians, G... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA | 347 | 1,027 | null |
Subclades of J1 are rare in Croatia, while J2 are higher in Croats from Croatia, peaking in Croats from Osijek (10.2%) and central islands Ugljan (10.2%) and Pašman (16.6%) as well the northern island of Krk (10.8%) and Cres (14.1%), than in Bosnian Croats (both 1.1%). Subclade G2a-P15 both in Croatian and Bosnian Croa... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA | 347 | 1,168 | null |
It is very frequent in the Far East, like Siberia and China, while in Europe in Finns (60%) and in the Baltic countries (45%). Unusually for European populations, another central Asian-Siberian haplogroup Q was found in unusually high frequencies due to founder effect in the islands of Hvar (7.69-14%), Lastovo (8.3%) a... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Contemporary Y-DNA | 202 | 751 | null |
Section: Y chromosome DNA > Abstract and data. The region of modern-day Croatia was part of a wider Balkan region which may have served as one of several refugia during the LGM, a source region for the recolonization of Europe during the post-glacial period and Holocene (10,000 years ago). The eastern Adriatic coast wa... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Y chromosome DNA > Abstract and data | 348 | 1,635 | null |
Section: Mitochondrial DNA > Ancient mtDNA. In the 2014 Y-DNA and mtDNA study, one Mesolithic sample dated 6080–6020 BCE from Vela Spila near Vela Luka on island Korčula belonged to mtDNA haplogroup U5b2a5 common in hunter-gatherer communities, while other eleven Neolithic Starčevo culture samples dated circa 6000–5400... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Mitochondrial DNA > Ancient mtDNA | 331 | 1,334 | null |
Preliminary results from 2016 mtDNA study, which will approximately include 30 samples from Neolithic and 5 samples from Early to Late Bronze Age, on 5 ancient Croatian petrous bones (3 Neolithic Cardial Impresso from Zemunica Cave near Bisko, 1 Middle Neolithic Danilo culture from Zidana Cave near Staničići Žumberački... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Mitochondrial DNA > Ancient mtDNA | 479 | 1,590 | null |
The 2018 study which included 17 samples from Croatia; Mesolithic (7308–7027 BCE) from Vela Spila to U5b2b, three Croatia Cardial Neolithic (6005–5751 BCE) samples from Zemunica Cave to H1, K1b1a and N1a1, Early-Neolithic Starčevo (5837–5659 BCE) from Beli Manastir-Popova zemlja to U8b1b1, two Early-Neolithic Croatia I... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Mitochondrial DNA > Ancient mtDNA | 460 | 1,230 | null |
The 2021 study included 38 Neolithic (4200 BCE) samples from Potočani in Eastern Croatia and belonged to H, H4a1, H5b, H7, H13b1, H26, H42, HV, J1, K1a1, K1a3a, K1a4a1, K1b1b1, N1a1a1, N1a1a1a2, N1a1a1a3, T1a2, T2b, T2b23, T2f, U2, U5b1d1 and X2b, "suggesting that the Potočani victims belonged to a large community with... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Mitochondrial DNA > Ancient mtDNA | 350 | 800 | null |
The 2011 mtDNA study on 27 early medieval skeletal remains in Naklice near Omiš in Southern Dalmatia showed that 67% belonged to haplogroup H, 18% to J, 11% to U5, and 4% to HV. The 2015 mtDNA study on medieval skeletal remains in Šopot (14th-15th century) and Ostrovica (9th century) in Northern Dalmatia confirmed that... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Mitochondrial DNA > Ancient mtDNA | 166 | 684 | null |
Section: Mitochondrial DNA > Contemporary mtDNA. Genetically, on the maternal mitochondrial DNA line, a majority (>65%) of Croats from Croatia (mainland and coast) belong to three of the eleven major European mtDNA haplogroups – H (25.5-45%), U (18.85-22%), J (7.5-11%), while a large minority (>35%) belongs to many oth... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Mitochondrial DNA > Contemporary mtDNA | 292 | 1,068 | null |
The elevated frequency of subhaplogroup H1b in Mljet (30.9%), otherwise rare in other studies, is a typical example of a founder effect – migration from the nearest coastal region and micro-evolutionary expansion in the island. Haplogroup U (18.85% in 2014, 22% in 2020) is mostly represented by its subclade U5 which is... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Mitochondrial DNA > Contemporary mtDNA | 268 | 904 | null |
The high frequency of U4 in Lastovo (11.8%) indicates founder effect. Haplogroup J is the third most frequent haplogroup (7.5% in 2020), with 11.9% in the mainland but only 3.1% in the coast, however the islands had higher frequencies than the coastal population Korčula (6.1%), Brač (8.6%), Krk (9%), Hvar (9.3%), peak ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Mitochondrial DNA > Contemporary mtDNA | 326 | 986 | null |
Haplogroup K (7.5% in 2020) has average frequency of 3.6% in the mainland and 6.3% in the coast, it is absent in Lastovo and it has lowest frequency in the islands Cres (3.36%) and Hvar (3.7%), while highest in the island Brač (9.5%). Haplogroup V (under HV > HV0) is a younger sister clade of haplogroup H, and has almo... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Mitochondrial DNA > Contemporary mtDNA | 338 | 1,007 | null |
Other mtDNA haplogroup with notable local peaks are: HV subclades with low frequencies in the mainland and coast (0.4-2.1%) but average (4.1-4.6) in islands, and high in Dubrovnik (7.7%) and Brač (10.5%). Haplogroup N1a in Cres (9.24%) is the northernmost finding till now of this branch in Europe, and haplotypes indica... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Mitochondrial DNA > Contemporary mtDNA | 247 | 791 | null |
Section: Mitochondrial DNA > Abstract and data. For decades the Croatian insular populations have been studied because of their isolation which can trace micro-evolutionary processes and understand evolutionary forces, like genetic drift (specific genetic expression), founder effect and population bottlenecks (reductio... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Mitochondrial DNA > Abstract and data | 349 | 1,732 | null |
In the 2004 mtDNA analysis, one cluster was formed by populations from islands Hvar, Krk and Brač, and second cluster included Croatian mainland and Croatian coast, while the island of Korčula was distinguished due to exceptionally high frequency of haplogroup H. In the 2009 mtDNA interpopulation PCA analysis of sub-ha... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Mitochondrial DNA > Abstract and data | 266 | 1,237 | null |
Section: Contemporary autosomal DNA. According to 2013 autosomal IBD survey "of recent genealogical ancestry over the past 3,000 years at a continental scale", the speakers of Serbo-Croatian language share a very high number of common ancestors dating to the migration period approximately 1,500 years ago with Poland an... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Contemporary autosomal DNA | 329 | 1,475 | null |
The slight peak of shared IBD segments between South and East-West Slavs suggests a shared "Slavonic-time ancestry". The 2014 IBD analysis comparison of Western Balkan and Middle Eastern populations also found negligible gene flow between 16th and 19th century during the Islamization of the Balkans. In the 2022 analysi... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Contemporary autosomal DNA | 317 | 1,636 | null |
In the 2018 analysis of Slovenian population, the Croatian population again clustered with Slovenians, Hungarians and was close to Czech. The population of Croatia mostly shares a common ancestry with Eastern, Western, and Southern Europeans, and has almost no relation to isolated populations like the Sardinians and th... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Croats - Contemporary autosomal DNA | 342 | 1,515 | null |
Article: Early European Farmers. Early European Farmers (EEF) were a group of the Anatolian Neolithic Farmers (ANF) who brought agriculture to Europe and Northwest Africa. The Anatolian Neolithic Farmers were an ancestral component, first identified in farmers from Anatolia (also known as Asia Minor) in the Neolithic, ... | Wikipedia - Early European Farmers - Summary | 302 | 1,597 | null |
Over the course of the next 4,000 years or so, Europe was transformed into agricultural communities, with WHGs being effectively replaced across Europe. During the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age, people who had Western Steppe Herder (WSH) ancestry moved into Europe and mingled with the EEF population; these WSH, ori... | Wikipedia - Early European Farmers - Summary | 235 | 1,161 | null |
Section: Overview. Populations of the Anatolian Neolithic derived most of their ancestry from the Anatolian hunter-gatherers (AHG), with a minor geneflow from Iranian/Caucasus and Levantine related sources, suggesting that agriculture was adopted in situ by these hunter-gatherers and not spread by demic diffusion into ... | Wikipedia - Early European Farmers - Overview | 342 | 1,639 | null |
They were a key component in the neolithization process of the Maghreb, and intermixed with the local forager communities. The farmers of the Neolithic British Isles had entered the region through a mass migration c. 4,000 BC. They carried about 80% EEF and 20% WHG ancestry and were found to be closely related to Neoli... | Wikipedia - Early European Farmers - Overview | 331 | 1,635 | null |
The Funnelbeakers were found to be genetically highly different from people of the neighboring hunter-gatherer Pitted Ware culture; the latter carried no EEF admixture and were instead genetically similar to other European hunter-gatherers. The most common paternal haplogroup among EEFs was haplogroup G2a, while haplog... | Wikipedia - Early European Farmers - Overview | 333 | 1,449 | null |
EEF maternal DNA (mainly haplogroup N) was also substantially replaced, being supplanted by steppe lineages, suggesting the migrations involved both males and females from the steppe. A 2017 study found that Bronze Age European with steppe ancestry had elevated EEF ancestry on the X chromosome, suggesting a sex bias, i... | Wikipedia - Early European Farmers - Overview | 248 | 1,182 | null |
Section: Physical appearance and allele frequency. European hunter-gatherers were much taller than EEFs, and the replacement of European hunter-gatherers by EEFs resulted in a dramatic decrease in genetic height throughout Europe. During the later phases of the Neolithic, height increased among European farmers, probab... | Wikipedia - Early European Farmers - Physical appearance and allele frequency | 266 | 1,373 | null |
Section: Social organisation. Genetic analysis of individuals found in Neolithic tombs suggests that least some EEF peoples were patrilineal (tracing descent through the male line), with the tombs' occupants mostly consisting of the male descendants of a single male common ancestor and their children, as well as their ... | Wikipedia - Early European Farmers - Social organisation | 237 | 1,184 | null |
Article: Eastern hunter-gatherer. In archaeogenetics, eastern hunter-gatherer (EHG), sometimes east European hunter-gatherer or eastern European hunter-gatherer, is a distinct ancestral component that represents Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Eastern Europe. The eastern hunter-gatherer genetic profile is mainly derived... | Wikipedia - Eastern hunter-gatherer - Summary | 319 | 1,412 | null |
Section: Research. Haak et al. (2015) identified the EHG as a distinct genetic cluster in two males only. The EHG male of Samara (dated to ca. 5650–5550 BC) carried Y-haplogroup R1b1a1a* and mt-haplogroup U5a1d. The other EHG male, buried in Karelia (dated to ca. 5500-5000 BC) carried Y-haplogroup R1a1 and mt-haplogoup... | Wikipedia - Eastern hunter-gatherer - Research | 336 | 1,277 | null |
The high contribution from Ancient North Eurasians is also visible in a subtle affinity of the EHG to the 40,000-year-old Tianyuan man from Northern China and other East/Southeast Asians, which can be explained by geneflow from a Tianyuan-related source into the ANE lineage (represented by Malta and Afontova Gora 3), w... | Wikipedia - Eastern hunter-gatherer - Research | 324 | 1,366 | null |
The expansion gave rise to cultures such as Corded Ware, and was possibly the source of the distribution of Indo-European languages in Europe. The people of the Mesolithic Kunda culture and the Narva culture of the eastern Baltic were a mix of WHG and EHG, showing the closest affinity with WHG. Samples from the Ukraini... | Wikipedia - Eastern hunter-gatherer - Research | 348 | 1,481 | null |
The authors suggested that the SHGs were a mix of WHGs who had migrated into Scandinavia from the south, and EHGs who had later migrated into Scandinavia from the northeast along the Norwegian coast. SHGs displayed higher frequences of genetic variants that cause light skin (SLC45A2 and SLC24A5), and light eyes (OCA/He... | Wikipedia - Eastern hunter-gatherer - Research | 347 | 1,435 | null |
A large number of individuals from the Zvejnieki burial ground, which mostly belonged to the Kunda culture and Narva culture in the eastern Baltic, were analyzed. These individuals were mostly of WHG descent in the earlier phases, but over time EHG ancestry became predominant. The Y-DNA of this site belonged almost exc... | Wikipedia - Eastern hunter-gatherer - Research | 281 | 1,083 | null |
Section: Research > Possible association with Early Indo-European. The EHG have been argued by some to represent a possible source for the Pre-Proto-Indo-European language (see also Father Tongue hypothesis). Unlike the Yamnaya culture people (or closely related groups), which are associated with speakers of Proto-Indo... | Wikipedia - Eastern hunter-gatherer - Research > Possible association with Early Indo-European | 269 | 1,159 | null |
Section: Physical appearance. The EHGs are suggested to have had mostly brown eyes and light skin, with "intermediate frequencies of the blue-eye variants" and "high frequencies of the light-skin variants." An EHG from Karelia was determined by Günther (2018) to have high probabilities of being brown-eyed and dark hair... | Wikipedia - Eastern hunter-gatherer - Physical appearance | 298 | 1,301 | null |
Article: Haplogroup R-DF27. In human genetics, Haplogroup R-DF27 (R1b1a2a1a2a) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subdivision of haplogroup R-M269 (more specifically, its subclade R-) defined by the presence of the marker DF27 (also known as S250). Along with R-U152 and R-L21, the lineage is to a significant exten... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-DF27 - Summary | 250 | 990 | null |
Section: Distribution. According to a 2017 article published in Springer Nature entitled, Analysis of the R1b-DF27 haplogroup shows that a large fraction of Iberian Y-chromosome lineages originated recently in situ, DF27 was found in frequences of 40% in the general population of the Iberian Peninsula and in particular... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-DF27 - Distribution | 157 | 710 | null |
Section: Distribution. The first author to test for this marker (long before current haplogroup nomenclature existed) was Hurles in 1999, who tested 1158 men in various populations. He found it relatively common among Basques (13/117: 11%) and Catalans (7/32: 22%). Other occurrences were found among other Spanish, Béar... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M167 - Distribution | 334 | 1,415 | null |
The highest level so far discovered (48%) was found in the Val d'Aran, Catalonia. In a larger study specifically of Portugal in 2006, with 663 men tested, Beleza et al. showed low levels of this haplogroup ( described in the paper as R1b3f) in all the major regions, from 1.5%-3.5%. Breaking the results down to district... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M167 - Distribution | 228 | 771 | null |
Article: Haplogroup R-M269. Haplogroup R-M269 is the sub-clade of human Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b that is defined by the SNP marker M269. According to ISOGG 2020 it is phylogenetically classified as R1b1a1b. It underwent intensive research and was previously classified as R1b1a2 (2003 to 2005), R1b1c (2005 to 2008), ... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Summary | 236 | 838 | null |
Section: Origin. R-M269 had formerly been dated to the Upper Paleolithic, but by about 2010 it was thought to have formed near the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution, about 10,000 years ago. More recent archaeogenetics studies since 2015, however, strongly suggest an origin among Eneolithic hunter-gatherers from eas... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Origin | 309 | 1,250 | null |
According to the authors, the occurrence of basal forms of R1b in eastern European hunter-gatherers provides a "geographically plausible source" for haplogroup R-M269. Subclades of R-M269, such as R-Z2103, have been found to be prevalent in ancient DNA found in individuals associated with the Yamnaya culture and relate... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Origin | 347 | 1,461 | null |
Section: Distribution. European R1b is dominated by R-M269. It has been found at generally low frequencies throughout central Eurasia, but with relatively high frequency among the Bashkirs of the Perm region (84.0%) and Baymaksky District (81.0%). This marker is present in China and India at frequencies of less than on... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Distribution | 342 | 1,291 | null |
Haplogroup R1b1 and its subclades in Asia. M269* (xL23) is found at highest frequency in the central Balkans notably Kosovo with 7.9%, North Macedonia 5.1% and Serbia 4.4%. Kosovo is notable in having a high percentage of descendant L23* or L23(xM412) at 11.4% unlike most other areas with significant percentages of M26... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Distribution | 242 | 807 | null |
(2015) found a surprising high frequency of R1b-L23 (Z2105/2103) among the peoples of the Idel-Ural. 21 out of 58 (36.2%) of Burzyansky District Bashkirs, 11 out of 52 (21.2%) of Udmurts, 4 out of 50 (8%) of Komi, 4 out of 59 (6.8%) of Mordvins, 2 out of 53 (3.8%) of Besermyan and 1 out of 43 (2.3%) of Chuvash were R1b... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Distribution | 304 | 952 | null |
Myres et al. note further that concerning its closest relatives, in R-L23*, it is "instructive" that these are often more than 10% of the population in the Caucasus, Turkey, and some southeast European and circum-Uralic populations. In Western Europe it is present but in generally much lower levels apart from "an insta... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Distribution | 350 | 1,443 | null |
Section: Sub-clades > R1b1a1a2a1a1 (R-U106). This subclade is defined by the presence of the SNP U106, also known as S21 and M405. It appears to represent over 25% of R1b in Europe. In terms of percentage of total population, its epicenter is Friesland, where it makes up 44% of the population. In terms of total populat... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Sub-clades > R1b1a1a2a1a1 (R-U106) | 170 | 640 | null |
Section: Sub-clades > R-P312 > R-DF27. R-M153 R-M153 is a subclade of R-DF27 that has been found mostly in Basques and Gascons, among whom it represents a sizeable fraction of the Y-DNA pool, though is also found occasionally among Iberians in general. The first time it was located (Bosch 2001) it was described as H102... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Sub-clades > R-P312 > R-DF27 | 339 | 1,233 | null |
In 2000 Rosser et al., in a study which tested 3616 men in various populations also tested for that same marker, naming the haplogroup Hg22, and again it was found mainly among Basques (19%), in lower frequencies among French (5%), Bavarians (3%), Spaniards (2%), Southern Portuguese (2%), and in single occurrences amon... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Sub-clades > R-P312 > R-DF27 | 300 | 1,218 | null |
Section: Sub-clades > R-P312 > R-U152. R-U152 is defined by the presence of the marker U152, also called S28. Its existence was confirmed by Sims et al. (2007). Myres et al. report this clade "is most frequent (20–44%) in Switzerland, Italy, France and Western Poland, with additional instances exceeding 15% in some reg... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Sub-clades > R-P312 > R-U152 | 331 | 1,297 | null |
Section: Sub-clades > R-P312 > R-L21. R-L21, also known as R-M529 and R-S145, is most common in Ireland, Scotland and Wales (i.e. at least 25–50% of their male populations. R-L21 has two primary subclades: R-A5846 and R-S552. R-DF13 A primary subclade of R-S552, R-DF13 – also known as R-S521, R-Z2542 and R-CTS8221 – is... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Sub-clades > R-P312 > R-L21 | 334 | 892 | null |
I-L158 or I-M26). Consequently, some Y-DNA trees exclude L159/S169 completely, on the basis that it may be an unreliable marker. For instance, as of 2024, Yfull refers to an equivalent subclade as R-FGC80001 (i.e. R-L21 > R-S552 > R-DF13 > R-Z255 > R-FGC80001). R-L159.2 appears to be associated with the Laigin, an ethn... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-M269 - Sub-clades > R-P312 > R-L21 | 332 | 1,204 | null |
Section: Origin. This haplogroup is related to the period of Corded Ware or Beaker culture, and possibly founded 3,000 years before our era in the Central part of Europe (possible Bohemia region). R-L151 is the most populous branch of R-M269, and is found in abundance along the Atlantic coasts of western Europe, especi... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-L151 - Origin | 232 | 954 | null |
Section: History. This haplogroup first emerges in the Early Bronze Age in Britain and Ireland, where the earliest samples begin to appear. Its introduction was part of a large genetic transformation associated with the Bell Beaker culture, wherein steppe descended peoples largely replaced Britain's earlier Neolithic p... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-L21 - History | 201 | 1,004 | null |
Section: Archaeological testing. The body of a man excavated from Canada Farm, Sixpenny Handley, Dorset dating from 2468 to 2294 BC was found to be R-L21. The body of a man found in Low Hauxley, Northumberland, dating from 2464 to 2209 BC, was classified as R1b1a1a2a1a2c1a1n (R-DF13 > R-Z39589 > R-FGC59881 > R-BY577 > ... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-L21 - Archaeological testing | 348 | 1,256 | null |
The isotopic profiles of the men indicate the archer spent the earliest years of his life in the Alps, near modern Switzerland, and had higher levels of Neolithic ancestry compared to the companion who had spent his life in Britain but may have spent his early teens in North East Scotland or the Midlands. The archer po... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup R-L21 - Archaeological testing | 345 | 1,349 | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.