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Section: History. The research for biotechnology in Bangladesh started in the late 1970s. The root cause behind the initiation was the significance of agricultural sector, which had been the backbone of the national economy since the ancient times. The research first started in the department of Genetics and Plant Bree... | Wikipedia - Biotechnology and genetic engineering in Bangladesh - History | 349 | 1,954 | null |
In collaboration with BAPTC, the Ministry of Science and Technology organised a workshop on Biosafety Regulation in 1997, after which a task force was formed to formulate biosafety guidelines and biosafety regulations in the light of the regulation of the workshop. In the late 1990s, Bangladesh became a member of the I... | Wikipedia - Biotechnology and genetic engineering in Bangladesh - History | 168 | 905 | null |
Section: Biotechnology industry. The biotechnology industry is yet to be a major contributor on the national economy, however, according to the experts, the results of some ongoing research shows enough potentials of this sector. BCSIR has undertaken the production of Spirulina and a certain quantity of it is being mar... | Wikipedia - Biotechnology and genetic engineering in Bangladesh - Biotechnology industry | 278 | 1,476 | null |
Section: Background and history. In July 2019, NABDA announced their invention of Anaerobic Digestion Technology digesters which can convert organic wastes to biogas. In May 2020, NABDA worked with Nigeria Centre for Disease Control in the process of enabling local production of locally made testing kits for Coronaviru... | Wikipedia - National Biotechnology Development Agency - Background and history | 236 | 1,119 | null |
Section: Controversies. In June 2017, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) arrested the then Director General of NABDA, Professor Lucy Jumeyi Ogbadu for alleged criminal conspiracy and diversion of N23 Million in public funds. This was part of a larger sum of N603 million naira. In an October 24, 2017 le... | Wikipedia - National Biotechnology Development Agency - Controversies | 327 | 1,538 | null |
In September 2022, NABDA and other agencies insisted that such crops were safe for consumption and to tackle food crisis. In November 2022, the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission arraigned Alex Akpa, a former acting director-general of NABDA, Famous Daunemigha, an ex-member of the Governing Board of NABDA and Wes... | Wikipedia - National Biotechnology Development Agency - Controversies | 171 | 679 | null |
Article: Genetically modified food in Africa. Genetically modified (GM) crops have been commercially cultivated in four African countries; South Africa, Burkina Faso, Egypt and Sudan. Beginning in 1998, South Africa is the major grower of GM crops, with Burkina Faso and Egypt starting in 2008. Sudan grew GM cotton in 2... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Africa - Summary | 349 | 1,767 | null |
A study investigating voluntary labeling in South Africa found that 31% of products labeled GMO-free had a GM content above 1.0%. 2011 studies for Uganda showed that transgenic bananas had a high potential to reduce rural poverty but that urban consumers with a relatively higher income might reject the introduction. In... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Africa - Summary | 191 | 931 | null |
Section: Japan. Two laws regulate food safety and food quality in Japan, the Food Sanitation Law passed in 1947 and the Law Concerning Standardization and Proper Labeling of Agricultural and Forestry Products passed in 1950. The Food Sanitation Law has been amended and updated many times; an amendment dealing with pre-... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Asia - Japan | 349 | 1,851 | null |
The Food Safety Commission (FSC) performs food and feed safety risk assessments. Certain GM food must be labeled, but this is limited to designated genetically modified agricultural products, which are soybean, corn, potato, rapeseed, cottonseed, alfalfa and beet, and is limited to 32 processed foods which contain soyb... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Asia - Japan | 185 | 782 | null |
Section: Philippines. The Philippines bans all GMOs recently overturning existing Department of Agriculture regulations. A petition filed on May 17, 2013 by environmental group Greenpeace Southeast Asia and farmer-scientist coalition Masipag (Magsasaka at Siyentipiko sa Pagpapaunlad ng Agrikultura) asked the appellate ... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Asia - Philippines | 307 | 1,521 | null |
Section: Canada. Mainland Canada is one of the world's largest producers of GM canola and also grows GM maize, soybean and sugarbeet. Health Canada, under the Food and Drugs Act, and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency are responsible for evaluating the safety and nutritional value of genetically modified foods. Enviro... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in North America - Canada | 340 | 1,881 | null |
Section: Mexico. In February 2005, after consulting the Mexican Academy of Sciences, Mexico's senate passed a law allowing to plant and sell genetically modified cotton and soybean. The law requires all genetically modified products to be labelled according to guidelines issued by the Mexican Ministry of Health. In 200... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in North America - Mexico | 193 | 926 | null |
Section: United States > Federal regulation. The USA is the largest commercial grower of genetically modified crops in the world. United States regulatory policy is governed by the Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology This regulatory policy framework that was developed under the Presidency of Ronald Re... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in North America - United States > Federal regulation | 331 | 1,794 | null |
The EPA regulates genetically modified plants with pesticide properties, as well as agrochemical residues. Most genetically modified plants are reviewed by at least two of the agencies, with many subject to all three. Within the organization are departments that regulate different areas of GM food including, the Center... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in North America - United States > Federal regulation | 215 | 1,125 | null |
Several laws govern the US regulatory agencies. These laws are statutes the agencies review when determining the safety of a particular GM food. These laws include: The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) (EPA); The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (EPA); The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic ... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in North America - United States > Federal regulation | 190 | 716 | null |
Section: Australia. Genetic engineering in Australia was originally (since 1987) overseen by the Genetic Manipulation Advisory Committee, before the Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (OGTR) and Food Standards Australia New Zealand took over in 2001. The OTGR is a Commonwealth Government Authority within the Depar... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - Australia | 325 | 1,890 | null |
Section: New Zealand > Early management. By the early 1980s technologies involving recombinant bacteria were being applied in laboratories in New Zealand mostly for biological and medical research. There had already been a move at a governmental level to manage genetic modification in the country and in 1978 the govern... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Early management | 319 | 1,670 | null |
Upton saw the debate about genetically modified crops as significant as the controversy when New Zealand became nuclear-free in the 1980s.: p.7 The Act defined genetically modified organism as "any organism in which any of the genes or other genetic material have been modified by in vitro techniques; or are inherited o... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act (1996) | 279 | 1,474 | null |
Section: New Zealand > Growing public concerns. By the late 1990s, the potential risks of GE technology emerged as an issue of public concern in New Zealand "fuelled by ethical concerns and health risks from inserting human genes into cattle, international concerns about the health effects of GM foods, and the potentia... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Growing public concerns | 152 | 814 | null |
Section: New Zealand > Royal Commission into Genetic Modification (2000). The New Zealand Government was made fully aware of the concerns about genetic modification when in October 1999, a petition, signed by 92,000 New Zealanders, was presented to Parliament by the Green Party.: p.9 Accordingly, on 21 December 1999, t... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Royal Commission into Genetic Modification (2000) | 319 | 1,726 | null |
Section: New Zealand > Response to the Commission's Report > Government. The report of the Royal Commission into Genetic Modification made forty nine recommendations to the New Zealand Government.: pp 351-360 Marian Hobbs, the Minister for the Environment, noted that she was delighted the commission had [inquired] "int... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Response to the Commission's Report > Government | 317 | 1,693 | null |
It noted the Commission's expectation that the food industry "must be subject to rigorous standards, properly enforced and carefully managed", with better publicity about the rules and a suggested introduction of a voluntary labelling scheme to allow identification of foods that are "free of genetically modified conten... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Response to the Commission's Report > Government | 318 | 1,770 | null |
Key elements included addressing changes in line with increased scientific knowledge, streamlining the process for contained research and for approval of new organisms that are medicines, ensuring effective compliance and enforcement and "extending the Minister’s ability to call in specific applications to include sign... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Response to the Commission's Report > Government | 324 | 1,815 | null |
The research methodology used "the modelling of four hypothetical scenarios and a snapshot consumer survey" with the aim of providing an "economic analysis of the risks and opportunities that may arise from the use of genetic modification and non-genetic modification technologies".: p.iv The research identified that Ne... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Response to the Commission's Report > Government | 240 | 1,300 | null |
Section: New Zealand > Response to the Commission's Report > Published reviews. An independent review analysed the level of implementation of the Commission's recommendations by the New Zealand Government mainly during the period 2001-2003.: pp 19-89 The findings showed that 41% of all recommendations had been fully im... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Response to the Commission's Report > Published reviews | 341 | 1,762 | null |
The author contended that crop co-existence and zero tolerance of GM contamination could be costly with some legal uncertainties about the legal status of GMOs that might be introduced to New Zealand inadvertently through seed imports,: p.72 concluding that "dealing with GMOs will continue to be controversial, and as l... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Response to the Commission's Report > Published reviews | 317 | 1,694 | null |
Section: New Zealand > Response to the Commission's Report > Public protests. The findings of the Royal Commission and the response of the government led to several protest activities by the public of New Zealand. The GE-Free Day of Action organised by a coalition of GE-Free groups resulted in an estimated 15,000 peopl... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Response to the Commission's Report > Public protests | 256 | 1,276 | null |
Sue Bradford welcomed the protesters and noted [that] "many indigenous people in this country, as in other parts of the world, are deeply uncomfortable with the prospect of genetically engineered contamination of the natural world". Another march that began on 22 August 2003 and ended with hundreds of protesters gather... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Response to the Commission's Report > Public protests | 326 | 1,729 | null |
Section: New Zealand > Ongoing issues. Prior to the 2002 general election, the book Seeds of Distrust was published which highlighted possible contamination of imported corn seed with GMO seeds. During the election campaign the book caused an amount of friction between the Labour and Green Parties, referred to as "Corn... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Ongoing issues | 281 | 1,431 | null |
In January 2008 Environmental activists breached the security at the site and damaged 19 of the trees. The media noted that GE Free New Zealand national spokesman Jon Carapiet cautioned that the action could have "caused the spread of contaminated material and harmed New Zealand's green image." Scion's acting chief exe... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Ongoing issues | 331 | 1,607 | null |
Held across the country, the marches drew attention to Monsanto selling genetically-engineered seeds which were claimed to "resist insecticides and herbicides, add nutritional benefits or otherwise improve crop yields and increase the global food supply". An Environment Court decision in December 2013 empowered local c... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Ongoing issues | 338 | 1,838 | null |
Section: New Zealand > Calls for review. In 2018 a paper in the journal Frontiers in Plant Science made the case that New Zealand's economy was led by the export of plant-based commodities and well-managed integration of gene editing into plant breeding programmes could have potential benefits, [suggesting]..."gene edi... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Calls for review | 317 | 1,572 | null |
Jon Carapiet, the national spokesman for GE-Free New Zealand, urged caution and suggested that while industries can respond "creatively" to regulation, others are "driven by deliberate ignorance to practical proven alternatives such as climate-smart agri-ecology". Bruno Chambers, chair of The Hastings District Council ... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Calls for review | 348 | 1,921 | null |
Gene editing from a Māori perspective was explored in an article published by Frontiers Media in 2019 at a time when the New Zealand Government was convening a public consultation process to consider possible changes of the regulations around gene editing technologies. The study showed Māori had held strong views about... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Calls for review | 310 | 1,624 | null |
Work done by the Royal Society Te Apārangi in the same year also took the position that there needed to be an urgent review of gene editing in New Zealand. The panel co-chair David Penman said that New Zealand [needed] "to have its own perspective given our unique cultural heritage and environment, the special challeng... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Calls for review | 345 | 1,879 | null |
The document also noted that forty eight percent of the country's greenhouse gas emissions were from agriculture but there were important developments in the use of biotechnology tools that could mitigate some of this. The report identified research by AgResearch to develop a genetically modified ryegrass, that "strike... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Calls for review | 338 | 1,803 | null |
Section: New Zealand > Political responses > Labour government. The New Zealand Government authorised The New Zealand Productivity Commission to investigate factors that could be inhibiting or detracting from the productivity of firms in the country and the Commission's report in April 2021 identified a full review of ... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Political responses > Labour government | 320 | 1,808 | null |
Another commentator claimed that despite the Commission's report there was little public interest in changing the regulations although there were still two sides to the argument, from defending the legislation because it controlled the spread of GMOs to how it could be modified to help cut agricultural emissions. An it... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Political responses > Labour government | 315 | 1,666 | null |
Research by John Caradus in 2022, assessed the risks, opportunities and impacts of using GM crops concluding: GM crops provide considerable benefits and are a valuable option that needs to be employed to solve many of the current challenges facing mankind and as a result improve not simply economic outcomes but also th... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Political responses > Labour government | 316 | 1,760 | null |
In February 2023 Science New Zealand stressed the importance of New Zealand having an informed debate about genetic technologies to ensure that any regulations to control it are developed from an informed approach to both the risks and benefits. The article suggested that modern gene-editing tools can potentially more ... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Political responses > Labour government | 321 | 1,745 | null |
On 27 June 2023 the New Zealand Government announced a consultation process to get feedback on proposed changes to the regulations around genetically modified organisms. David Parker said the changes would remove barriers to laboratory research but would not change rules for field trials or regulations to the release o... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Political responses > Labour government | 305 | 1,719 | null |
Section: New Zealand > Political responses > Coalition government. On 13 August 24 Minister of Science, Innovation and Technology Judith Collins announced that the National-led coalition government would end the ban on gene technology outside of the laboratory, removing "restrictive rules and time-consuming processes..... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Political responses > Coalition government | 339 | 1,862 | null |
Following the announcement of the Government's plan, the authors backgrounded the research, noting it had been carried out in two streams: The Māori Biodiversity Network engaging with Māori, while social scientists engaged with the general public and interest groups. The purpose of the research was to gain insights int... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in Oceania - New Zealand > Political responses > Coalition government | 349 | 1,896 | null |
Article: Genetically modified food in South America. Brazil and Argentina are the 2nd and 3rd largest producers of genetically modified food behind the United States. The Argentine government was one of the first to accept genetically modified food. Assessment of genetically modified products for release is provided by... | Wikipedia - Genetically modified food in South America - Summary | 296 | 1,653 | null |
Section: Mission. The Non-GMO Project's stated mission is "to preserve and build sources of non-GMO products, educate consumers, and provide verified non-GMO choices". It provides third-party verification and labeling for non-genetically modified food and products. The project also works with food manufacturers, distri... | Wikipedia - The Non-GMO Project - Mission | 164 | 859 | null |
Section: Controversy. The Non-GMO Project often puts its labels on products containing inputs it considers "low-risk", including foods with inputs that could not be derived from GMOs. The Project maintains this is because many products that appear to be inherently non-GMO (such as orange juice, oats, tea and table salt... | Wikipedia - The Non-GMO Project - Controversy | 201 | 1,002 | null |
Section: Science and development. Seeberger developed a process to produce artemisinin in large quantities in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way, especially to meet the needs of developing countries. This was an alternative to Sanofi's genetic engineering process. Initial difficulties were the large-scal... | Wikipedia - ArtemiFlow - Science and development | 348 | 1,834 | null |
Section: Overview. The Maiztegui National Human Viral Disease Institute originated in the Clinical Research and Medical Education Center in Pergamino. The city, a prosperous agricultural hub in the heart of Argentina's corn belt, was also the epicenter in 1958 of a sudden outbreak of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, a cond... | Wikipedia - Maiztegui National Human Viral Disease Institute - Overview | 317 | 1,479 | null |
Section: Industry > Import and export. The import and export volume of China's biopharmaceutical products was 377 million dollars in 2007, increased by 48% as compared with last year. The import volume reached 336 million dollars, which increased by 51% as compared with 2006, and the export volume was 41 million dollar... | Wikipedia - Biotechnology industry in China - Industry > Import and export | 174 | 819 | null |
Section: State programs. National Key Technologies R&D Program (NKTRDP) Approved in 1982 and implemented for three Five-year Plans, the program includes three major issues: agriculture, new and high technologies and social development. The research on biological technologies is focused on agricultural breeding, gene me... | Wikipedia - Biotechnology industry in China - State programs | 274 | 1,395 | null |
Article: Human germline engineering. Human germline engineering (HGE) is the process by which the genome of an individual is modified in such a way that the change is heritable. This is achieved by altering the genes of the germ cells, which mature into eggs and sperm. HGE is prohibited by law in more than 70 countries... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Summary | 270 | 1,340 | null |
Section: Techniques > CRISPR-Cas9. The CRISPR-Cas9 system consists of an enzyme called Cas9 and a special piece of guide RNA (gRNA). Cas9 acts as a pair of ‘molecular scissors’ that can cut the DNA at a specific location in the genome so that genes can be added or removed. The guide RNA has complementary bases to those... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Techniques > CRISPR-Cas9 | 159 | 732 | null |
Section: Speculative uses. Genetic engineering is in widespread use, particularly in agriculture. Human germline engineering has two potential applications: prevent genetic disorders from passing to descendants, and to modify traits such as height that are not disease related. For example, the Berlin Patient has a gene... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Speculative uses | 211 | 1,016 | null |
Section: Speculative uses > Designer babies. Eugenic modifications to humans yield "designer babies", with deliberately-selected traits, possibly extending to its entire genome. HGE potentially allows for enhancement of these traits. The concept has produced strong objections, particularly among bioethicists. In a 2019... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Speculative uses > Designer babies | 223 | 1,103 | null |
Section: Research. HGE is widely debated, and more than 40 countries formally outlaw it. No legislation explicitly prohibits germline engineering in the United States. The Consolidated Appropriation Act of 2016 bans the use of US FDA funds to engage in human germline modification research. In April 2015, a research tea... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Research | 187 | 969 | null |
Section: Research > Lack of international regulation. The lack of international regulation led researchers to attempt to create an international framework of ethical guidelines. The framework lacks the requisite international treaties for enforcement. At the first International Summit on Human Gene Editing in December ... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Research > Lack of international regulation | 229 | 1,297 | null |
Section: Research > Major studies. The first known HGE research was by Chinese researchers in April 2015 in Protein and Cell. The researchers used tripronuclear (3PN) zygotes fertilized by two sperm and therefore non-viable, to investigate CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human cells. The researchers found that whi... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Research > Major studies | 342 | 1,528 | null |
The researchers also noted the limitations of their study and called for further research. An August 2017 study reported the successful use of CRISPR to edit out a mutation responsible for congenital heart disease. The study looked at heterozygous MYBPC3 mutation in human embryos. The study claimed precise CRISPR/Cas9 ... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Research > Major studies | 344 | 1,657 | null |
Section: Ethical and moral debates. As early in the history of biotechnology as 1990, there have been researchers opposed to attempts to modify the human germline using these new tools, and such concerns have continued as technology progressed. In March 2015, with the advent of new techniques like CRISPR, researchers u... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Ethical and moral debates | 325 | 1,724 | null |
Section: Ethical and moral debates > Consent. One issue related to human genome editing relates to the impact of the technology on future individuals whose genes are modified without their consent. Clinical ethics accepts the idea that parents are, almost always, the most appropriate surrogate medical decision makers f... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Ethical and moral debates > Consent | 286 | 1,623 | null |
Philosopher David Pearce further argues that “old-fashioned sexual reproduction is itself an untested genetic experiment”, often compromising a child's wellbeing and pro-social capacities even if the child grows in a healthy environment. According to Pearce, “the question of [human germline engineering] comes down to a... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Ethical and moral debates > Consent | 274 | 1,287 | null |
Section: Ethical and moral debates > Unequal distribution of benefits. The other ethical concern is the potential for “designer babies”, or the creation of humans with "perfect", or "desirable" traits. There is a debate as to if this is morally acceptable as well. Such debate ranges from the ethical obligation to use s... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Ethical and moral debates > Unequal distribution of benefits | 222 | 1,150 | null |
Section: Ethical and moral debates > Therapeutic and non-therapeutic use. There remains debate on if the permissibility of human germline engineering for reproduction is dependent on the use, being either a therapeutic or non-therapeutic application. In a survey by the UK's Royal Society, 76% of participants in the UK ... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Ethical and moral debates > Therapeutic and non-therapeutic use | 349 | 1,704 | null |
Section: Current global policy > Reproductive use. Reproductive use of human germline engineering involves implanting the edited embryo to be born. 70 countries currently explicitly prohibit the use of human germline engineering for use in reproduction, while 5 countries prohibit it for reproduction with exceptions. No... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Current global policy > Reproductive use | 272 | 1,355 | null |
Section: Current global policy > Laboratory research. Laboratory research use involves human germline engineering restricted to in vitro use, where edited cells will not be implanted to be born. 19 countries currently explicitly prohibit any use of human germline engineering for in vitro use, while 4 prohibit it with e... | Wikipedia - Human germline engineering - Current global policy > Laboratory research | 196 | 966 | null |
Section: History. The first Indian biotechnology company to be established was Biocon, which was founded by Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw in 1978. The Indian biotechnology industry formally began in 1986 with the establishment of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) by the Ministry of Science and Technology. From 1999, St. Jose... | Wikipedia - Biotechnology in India - History | 180 | 826 | null |
Section: Companies > Biologics and biosimilars manufactures. Several of the large Indian pharmaceutical companies also manufacture biologics and biosimilars. One of Biocon's subsidiaries, Biocon Biologics, manufactures biosimilars. Intas Pharmaceuticals also manufactures biosimilars. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories entered th... | Wikipedia - Biotechnology in India - Companies > Biologics and biosimilars manufactures | 165 | 694 | null |
Section: Companies > Contract manufacturers, researchers and developers. Syngene International, is a subsidiary of Biocon and is a contact development and manufacturing organisation (CDMO) that, among other areas, offers CDMO services for biologics. Laurus Bio is a subsidiary of Laurus Labs and was originally an indepe... | Wikipedia - Biotechnology in India - Companies > Contract manufacturers, researchers and developers | 166 | 801 | null |
Article: BINC. BioInformatics National Certification (BINC) was an initiative of Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government Of India in coordination with Bioinformatics Center, University of Pune, then from 2011, it was conducted by Jawaharlal Nehru University. However, from 2014 and now it is conducted by Pondicher... | Wikipedia - BINC - Summary | 273 | 1,434 | null |
Section: Eligibility. Graduates in Science, Agriculture, Veterinary, Medicine, Pharmacy, Engineering & Technology were eligible to appear in the examination. They need not have had a bachelor's degree in Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Agriculture, Veterinary, Medicine, Pharm... | Wikipedia - BINC - Eligibility | 173 | 920 | null |
Section: Details of the award. Each research fellow who enrolls for the Ph.D. is entitled to a fellowship/stipend of Rs. 25,000/- per month. The fellowship amount is at par with CSIR/UGC JRFs and SRFs. In addition, the fellow is also entitled to HRA (30% in metro city) and other benefits including medical allowance of ... | Wikipedia - BINC - Details of the award | 190 | 799 | null |
Section: Overview. On 23 January 2003, India ratified the Cartagena Protocol which protects biodiversity from potential risks of genetically modified organisms, the products of modern biotechnology. The protocol requires setting up of a regulatory body. Currently, the Genetic Engineering Approvals Committee, a body und... | Wikipedia - Biotechnology Regulatory Authority of India - Overview | 221 | 1,224 | null |
Section: Criticism. Suman Sahai, founder of the Gene Campaign, has called the bill flawed. According to her, the bill is proposing new institutes without clearly defining their powers and responsibilities. She has also stated that the bill was introduced without consulting the people who will be affected by the bill. P... | Wikipedia - Biotechnology Regulatory Authority of India - Criticism | 334 | 1,786 | null |
Section: Institutes. Source: Autonomous Institutions Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council (BRIC) National Institute of Immunology (NII), Delhi National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad Center of I... | Wikipedia - Department of Biotechnology - Institutes | 333 | 1,505 | null |
Section: Finances. Hester equity shares are listed on the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) as HESTERBIO and on the BSE (Security Code: 524669). They are also the owners of subsidiaries including Hester Biosciences Africa, and have acquired other company's like Gujarat Agrofarm (which they purchased in 2007). As o... | Wikipedia - Hester Biosciences - Finances | 151 | 620 | null |
Section: Operations. Hester creates products including vaccines, drugs, feed supplements and disinfectants. They have a line of 45 poultry vaccines (live and inactivated), 4 large animal vaccines (live and inactivated), health products and diagnostics. Hester also provides seromonitoring for poultry farms and mastitis ... | Wikipedia - Hester Biosciences - Operations | 240 | 1,183 | null |
Article: Microbial Culture Collection. The Microbial Culture Collection (now called the National Centre for Microbial Resource, NCMR) is a microbial culture collection centre in Pune, India. The facility acts as a national depository, supplying authentic microbial cultures and providing related services to research ins... | Wikipedia - Microbial Culture Collection - Summary | 244 | 1,262 | null |
Article: National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research. The National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research is an Indian Biomedical research facility, and vivarium under the Indian Council of Medical Research. The new 33rd flagship institute of ICMR was founded in 2015, at Genome Valley in Hyderab... | Wikipedia - National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research - Summary | 216 | 1,054 | null |
Section: History. "The need for the NARF-BR has been consistently felt as the existing institutes like Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow and National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad are working on small animals, mostly rodents. They cannot meet the demand and requirement of biomedical sector, which has no opti... | Wikipedia - National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research - History | 186 | 963 | null |
Section: History. The centre was inaugurated on 18 November 2002 by then President of India, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. The institute has highly focused research departments working on different areas of biological sciences under following areas. Cancer Research Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes Biology Pathogen Biology Rege... | Wikipedia - Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology - History | 324 | 1,645 | null |
Section: Research facilities. RCB has established facilities in its interim campus at Gurgaon where it is functioning. Centre is expected to expand further when it moves to its permanent campus in Faridabad, within the NCR Biotech Science Cluster, later this year. RCB has established major specialized facilities that i... | Wikipedia - Regional Centre for Biotechnology - Research facilities | 259 | 1,258 | null |
Section: Partnerships. Towards fulfilling its mandate, RCB is collaborating with various national and international institutions of repute. The partnerships are meant for exchange of ideas, information sharing, training, networking, conducting scientific colloquia, workshops, academic exchange programmes and student st... | Wikipedia - Regional Centre for Biotechnology - Partnerships | 245 | 1,348 | null |
Article: Translational Health Science and Technology Institute. Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI) is an institute of the Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council (BRIC), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. It was set up in 2009 and is lo... | Wikipedia - Translational Health Science and Technology Institute - Summary | 215 | 1,141 | null |
THSTI operates a network of specialized research centres addressing various healthcare areas. These centers include: • Centre for Maternal and Child Health • Centre for Virus research, Therapeutics and Vaccines • Centre for Tuberculosis Research • Centre for Microbial Research • Centre for Immunobiology and Immunothera... | Wikipedia - Translational Health Science and Technology Institute - Summary | 244 | 1,285 | null |
Section: History. In April 2024, the government announced the Advanced Bio Initiative. The advanced bio field is one of the three game-changing technologies named by the Yoon Suk Yeol government, and these three technologies include artificial intelligence, semiconductors, and quantum technology. The main content is to... | Wikipedia - National Bio Committee - History | 223 | 1,151 | null |
"I will ensure that our country becomes a global leader in bio by 2035." Park Sang-wook, Senior Secretary to the President for Science and Technology, explained the background of the establishment, saying, "The bio sector has been criticized for having fragmented governance because the Ministry of Science and ICT, the ... | Wikipedia - National Bio Committee - History | 319 | 1,688 | null |
Section: Role. In January 2025, the joint inter-ministerial Bio-Great Transformation Strategy (Korean: 대한민국 바이오 대전환 전략) was announced. It included the establishment of a Korean-style bio cluster, and the main content was to functionally connect approximately 20 bio clusters scattered across the country and establish an... | Wikipedia - National Bio Committee - Role | 333 | 1,845 | null |
By 2027, it will foster 110,000 industrial talents in the biohealth field, establish separate talent development strategies for green and white bio fields, and promote specialized education in fields such as AI new drug development, foster medical scientists, and expand the attraction of overseas scholars and overseas ... | Wikipedia - National Bio Committee - Role | 187 | 1,000 | null |
Article: Osong Life Science Complex. Osong Life Science Complex (Korean: 오송생명과학단지) is a bioscience complex established in 2010 in Cheongju, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. It is the first complex in the country where companies, universities, research institutes, and national organizations are linked to support... | Wikipedia - Osong Life Science Complex - Summary | 206 | 999 | null |
Section: History. The overall life science complex development project began in 1997 and was completed in 2010. The relocation of six national organizations, including the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, began in 2007 and was completed in 2010 when the construction ... | Wikipedia - Osong Life Science Complex - History | 230 | 1,237 | null |
Section: Third Complex. The third complex will be built in Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, and has a single area of approximately 4,139,753 m2 (44,559,930 sq ft), making it the second-largest national industrial complex in North Chungcheong Province in terms of single area, following Ochang National Industrial Complex. Origin... | Wikipedia - Osong Life Science Complex - Third Complex | 257 | 1,242 | null |
Article: NanKang Biotech Incubation Center. The NanKang Biotech Incubation Center (NBIC; Chinese: 南港生技育成中心) is a biotech incubator formed by the SME Foundation of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, ROC and managed by the Development Center for Biotechnology. The incubator focuses on the initiation and development of bio... | Wikipedia - NanKang Biotech Incubation Center - Summary | 169 | 751 | null |
Article: Biological patents in the United States. As with all utility patents in the United States, a biological patent provides the patent holder with the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, or importing the claimed invention or discovery in biology for a limited period of time - for patents filed aft... | Wikipedia - Biological patents in the United States - Summary | 157 | 858 | null |
Section: History. The United States has been patenting chemical compositions based upon human products for over 100 years. The first patent for a human product was granted on March 20, 1906, for a purified form of adrenaline. It was challenged and upheld in Parke-Davis v. Mulford. Judge Hand argued that natural substan... | Wikipedia - Biological patents in the United States - History | 319 | 1,497 | null |
Section: Gene patents > Examples. The "Chakrabarty patent", owned by General Electric, was filed in 1972 and issued in 1981 after the Supreme Court decision discussed above. While not commercially important, this patent and the Supreme Court case "opened the floodgates for protection of biotechnology-related inventions... | Wikipedia - Biological patents in the United States - Gene patents > Examples | 324 | 1,593 | null |
These patents covered cotransformation, a form of transformation, another foundational method of biotechnology; Columbia licensed these patents nonexclusively and broadly and earned about $790 million. Key methods to manipulate DNA to create monoclonal antibodies are covered by a thicket of patents, including the "Wint... | Wikipedia - Biological patents in the United States - Gene patents > Examples | 247 | 1,257 | null |
These patents have been broadly licensed and have been the subject of litigation among patent holders and companies that have brought monoclonal antibody drugs to market. A patent application for the isolated BRCA1 gene and cancer-promoting mutations, as well as methods to diagnose the likelihood of getting breast canc... | Wikipedia - Biological patents in the United States - Gene patents > Examples | 255 | 1,282 | null |
Section: Gene patents > Myriad Genetics case. Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics was a 2013 case challenging the validity of gene patents in the United States, specifically challenging certain claims in issued patents owned or controlled by Myriad Genetics that covered isolated DNA sequences, method... | Wikipedia - Biological patents in the United States - Gene patents > Myriad Genetics case | 337 | 1,749 | null |
Section: Controversy. Controversy over biological patents occurs on many levels, driven by, for example, concern over the expense of patented medicines or diagnostics tests (against Myriad Genetics with respect to their breast cancer diagnostic test), concerns over genetically modified food which comes from patented ge... | Wikipedia - Biological patents in the United States - Controversy | 348 | 1,891 | null |
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