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Section: Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2022 comments on mummies of the 18th and 20th Dynasties. In a comment on Hawas et al. (2010& 2012), the anthropologist S.O.Y. Keita pointed out, based on inserting the data into the PopAffiliator online calculator, which only calculates affinity to East Asia, Eurasia, and... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2022 comments on mummies of the 18th and 20th Dynasties | 176 | 811 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on modern Egyptians. Genetic analysis of modern Egyptians reveals that they have paternal lineages common to other indigenous Afroasiatic speaking populations in North Africa, West Asia, Anatolia and Horn of Africa; Some studies have proposed the view that these lineages would have spread into ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians | 312 | 1,609 | null |
A study by Luis et al. (2004) found that the male haplogroups in a sample of 147 Egyptians were E1b1b (36.1%, predominantly E-M78), J (32.0%), G (8.8%), T (8.2%), and R (7.5%). The study found that "Egypt's NRY frequency distributions appear to be much more similar to those of the Middle East than to any sub-Saharan Af... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians | 350 | 1,241 | null |
Cruciani et al. proposed that E-M35, the parent clade of E-M78, originated in Eastern Africa during the Palaeolithic and subsequently spread to Northeastern Africa, 23.9–17.3 ky ago. Cruciani et al. also state that the presence of E-M78 chromosomes in Eastern Africa can be only explained through a back migration of chr... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians | 306 | 1,513 | null |
A 2004 mtDNA study of 58 upper Egyptian individuals included 34 individuals from Gurna, a small settlement on the hills opposite Luxor. The 34 individuals from Gurna exhibited the haplogroups: M1 (6/34 individuals, 17.6%), H (5/34 individuals, 14.7%), L1a (4/34 individuals, 11.8%) and U (3/34 individuals, 8.8%). The M1... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians | 344 | 1,585 | null |
The authors suggested that the influential role of the Nile River served as a migratory route and an agent of genetic flow which contributed to present-day heterogeneity in Egypt. Though there has been much debate of the origins of haplogroup M1 a 2007 study had concluded that M1 has West Asia origins not a Sub Saharan... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians | 338 | 1,545 | null |
stated in reference to the M haplogroup that "Its variation and geographical distribution suggest that Asian haplogroup M separated from eastern-African haplogroup M more than 50,000 years ago. Two other variants (489C and 10873C) also support a single origin of haplogroup M in Africa". A 2003 Y-chromosome study was pe... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians | 323 | 1,443 | null |
He noted that variants are also found in the Aegean and Balkans. The origin of E-M35 was in East Africa, whereas the origin of its subclade mutation E-M78 was in Northeast Africa (the area of Egypt and Libya). This parent clade and its subclade mutations in general were dominant in a core portion of Afro-Asiatic speaki... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians | 310 | 1,589 | null |
The study determined that similarity of the Nubian and Egyptian populations suggested that migration, potentially bidirectional, occurred along the Nile river Valley, which is consistent with the historical evidence for long-term interactions between Egypt and Nubia. An allele frequency comparative study led by the Egy... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians | 322 | 1,764 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Y-DNA haplogroups. A study by Arredi et al., which analyzed 275 samples from five populations in Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt, as well as published data from Moroccan populations, suggested that the North African pattern of Y-chromosomal variation, including in Egypt, is la... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Y-DNA haplogroups | 337 | 1,519 | null |
A study by Lucotte using the Y-chromosome of 274 male individuals (162 from Lower Egypt, 66 from Upper Egypt, 46 from Lower Nubia) found that the main haplotype V has higher frequency in the North than in the South, and haplotype XI has higher frequency in the South than in the North, whereas haplotype IV is found in t... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Y-DNA haplogroups | 314 | 1,416 | null |
These people fused with the indigenous valley peoples, as did Near Easterners with VII and VIII, but perhaps also some V". In 2005, based on review of Lucotte's and other published studies dealing with the contemporary Y-Chromosome variation in Egypt, Keita stated haplotype V, should be more appropriately called “Horn-... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Y-DNA haplogroups | 339 | 1,503 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Mitochondrial DNA. In 2009 mitochondrial data was sequenced for 277 unrelated Egyptian individuals by Jessica L Saunier et al. in the journal Forensic Science International, as follows R0 and its subgroups (31.4%) L3 (12.3%); and Asian origin (n = 33) including M (6.9%) T ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Mitochondrial DNA | 167 | 454 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Autosomal DNA. Mohamed, T et al. (2009) in their study of nomadic Bedouins featured a comparative study with a worldwide population database and a sample size of 153 Bedouin males. Their analysis discovered that both Muslim Egyptians and Coptic Christians showed a distinct... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Autosomal DNA | 203 | 1,086 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Coptic Christians. A Y-DNA sample of Copts from Egypt was analyzed in Éric Crubézy et al. 2010. The Y-DNA profile was: 74% E1b1 7% G 3% T 1% J1 15% ambiguous. Cruzby further added that “The haplotype E1b1 has a fairly wide distribution across Africa, but never had been des... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Coptic Christians | 151 | 669 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Coptic Christians > In Sudan. According to Y-DNA analysis by Hassan et al. (2008), 45% of Copts in Sudan (of a sample of 33) carry haplogroup J1. Next most common was E1b1b, the most common haplogroup in North Africa. Both paternal lineages are common among other regional ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Coptic Christians > In Sudan | 332 | 1,326 | null |
identified an ancestral autosomal component of West Eurasian origin that is common to many modern Afroasiatic-speaking populations in Northeast Africa. Known as the Coptic component, it peaks among Egyptian Copts who settled in Sudan over the past two centuries, they also formed a separated group in PCA, a close outlie... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Coptic Christians > In Sudan | 318 | 1,683 | null |
This behavior in the admixture analyses is consistent with shared ancestry between Copts and Egyptians and/or additional genetic drift in the Copts. The Egyptians and Copts showed low levels of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.00236), lower levels of genetic diversity and greater levels of RoH compared to other northea... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on modern Egyptians > Coptic Christians > In Sudan | 211 | 1,030 | null |
Article: Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula. The ancestry of modern Iberians (comprising the Spanish and Portuguese) is consistent with the geographical situation of the Iberian Peninsula in the South-west corner of Europe, showing characteristics that are largely typical in Southern and Western Europeans. As is ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Summary | 270 | 1,276 | null |
There are also some genetic influences from the Alans and Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period, including the Suebi, Hasdingi Vandals, and Visigoths. Due to its position on the Mediterranean Sea, like other Southern European countries, there were also contacts with other Mediterranean peoples such as the ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Summary | 195 | 989 | null |
Section: Population genetics: methods and limitations. The foremost pioneer of the study of population genetics was Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza. Cavalli-Sforza used classical genetic markers to analyse DNA by proxy. This method studies differences in the frequencies of particular allelic traits, namely polymorphisms from... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Population genetics: methods and limitations | 301 | 1,446 | null |
We also presume that these genetic loci are not affected by natural selection and that the major process responsible for changes in base pairs has been mutation (which can be calculated). Whereas Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups represent but a small component of a person's DNA pool, autosomal DNA has the advantage of conta... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Population genetics: methods and limitations | 171 | 865 | null |
Section: Analyses of nuclear and ancient DNA. Nuclear DNA analysis shows that Spanish and Portuguese populations are most closely related to other populations of western Europe. There is an axis of significant genetic differentiation along the east–west direction, in contrast to remarkable genetic similarity in the nor... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Analyses of nuclear and ancient DNA | 271 | 1,388 | null |
Section: Analyses of nuclear and ancient DNA > North African influence. A number of studies have focused on ascertaining the genetic impact of historical North African population movements into Iberia on the genetic composition of modern Spanish and Portuguese populations. Initial studies pointed to the Straits of Gibr... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Analyses of nuclear and ancient DNA > North African influence | 301 | 1,582 | null |
Sub-Saharan African ancestry was detected at less than 1% in Europe, with the exception of the Canary Islands. However, contrary to past autosomal studies and to what is inferred from Y-chromosome and mitochondrial haplotype frequencies (see below), it does not detect significant levels of Sub-Saharan ancestry in any E... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Analyses of nuclear and ancient DNA > North African influence | 329 | 1,473 | null |
In Portugal, North African Y-chromosome haplogroups (especially those typically North-West African) are at a frequency of 7.1%. Some studies of mitochondrial DNA also find evidence of the North African haplogroup U6, especially in northern Portugal. Although the frequency of U6 is low (4–6%), it was estimated that appr... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Analyses of nuclear and ancient DNA > North African influence | 343 | 1,731 | null |
According to the authors, the North and the South of Portugal show a greater similarity towards North Africans as opposed to the people of the center of the country, who seem closer to other Europeans, since the North of Portugal seems to have concentrated, certainly due to the pressure of Arab expansion, an ancient ge... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Analyses of nuclear and ancient DNA > North African influence | 325 | 1,629 | null |
Estimates of Y-Chromosome ancestry vary, with a 2008 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics using 1140 samples from throughout the Iberian peninsula, giving a proportion of 10.6% North African ancestry to the paternal composite of Iberians. A similar 2009 study of Y-chromosome with 659 samples from S... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Analyses of nuclear and ancient DNA > North African influence | 333 | 1,417 | null |
A 2007 study estimated the contribution of northern African lineages to the entire male gene pool of Iberia as 5.6%." In general aspects, according to (Bosch et al. 2007) "...the origins of the Iberian Y-chromosome pool may be summarized as follows: 5% recent NW African, 78% Upper Paleolithic and later local derivative... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Analyses of nuclear and ancient DNA > North African influence | 336 | 1,503 | null |
Hernandez et al. (2020) identified 11.17 ± 1.87% North African ancestry in southern Portuguese samples (from a population similar to modern northern Moroccans and Algerians), 9.28 ± 1.79% of such ancestry in western Andalusians, and an average of 1.41 ± 0.72% sub-Saharan ancestry in southern Iberians (using Yoruba as a... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Analyses of nuclear and ancient DNA > North African influence | 265 | 1,143 | null |
Section: Haplogroups > Y-chromosome haplogroups. Like other Western Europeans, among Spaniards and Portuguese the Y-DNA Haplogroup R1b is the most frequent, occurring at over 70% throughout most of Spain. R1b is particularly dominant in the Basque Country and Catalonia, occurring at rate of over 80%. In Iberia, most me... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Haplogroups > Y-chromosome haplogroups | 345 | 1,264 | null |
R-DF27 is also a significant subclade of R1b in parts of France and Britain. R-S28/R-U152 (R1b1a1a2a1a2b) is the prevailing subclade of R1b in Northern Italy, Switzerland and parts of France, but it represents less than 5.0% of the male population in Iberia. Ancient samples from the central European Bell Beaker culture... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Haplogroups > Y-chromosome haplogroups | 318 | 996 | null |
Sephardic Jews I1 0% I2*/I2a 1% I2 0% Haplogroup R1a 5% R1b 13% G 15% Haplogroup J2 2 25% J*/J1 22% E-M2151b1b 9% T 6% Q 2% Haplogroup J, mostly subclades of Haplogroup J-M172 (J2), is found at levels of over 20% in some regions, while Haplogroup E has a general frequency of about 10% – albeit with peaks surpassing 30%... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Haplogroups > Y-chromosome haplogroups | 242 | 627 | null |
Section: Haplogroups > Mitochondrial DNA. There have been a number of studies about the mitochondrial DNA haplogroups (mtDNA) in Europe. In contrast to Y DNA haplogroups, mtDNA haplogroups did not show as much geographical patterning, but were more evenly ubiquitous. Apart from the outlying Sami, all Europeans are char... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Haplogroups > Mitochondrial DNA | 345 | 1,390 | null |
H3 represents a smaller fraction of European genome than H1 but has a somewhat similar distribution with peak among Basques (13.9%), Galicians (8.3%) and Sardinians (8.5%). Its frequency decreases towards the northeast of the continent, though. Studies have suggested haplogroup H3 is highly protective against AIDS prog... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Haplogroups > Mitochondrial DNA | 169 | 832 | null |
Section: Subregions > Portugal. Excerpts from the Abstract of a study published in 2015: "[...] In the case of Portugal, previous population genetics studies have already revealed the general portrait of HVS-I and HVS-II mitochondrial diversity, becoming now important to update and expand the mitochondrial region analy... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Subregions > Portugal | 333 | 1,540 | null |
In the Iberian Peninsula it reaches 70% in Portugal as a whole, with more than 90% in NW Portugal and nearly 90% in Galicia (NW Spain), while the highest value is to be found among the Basques (NE Spain). The Atlantic modal haplotype (AMH) or haplotype 15 is a Y chromosome haplotype of Y-STR microsatellite variations, ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula - Subregions > Portugal | 221 | 792 | null |
Article: Genetic history of Italy. The genetic history of Italy includes information around the formation, ethnogenesis, and other DNA-specific information about the inhabitants of Italy. Modern Italians mainly descend from the ancient peoples of Italy, including Indo-European speakers (Romans and other Latins, Falisci... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Summary | 332 | 1,552 | null |
Section: Overview. Latin samples from Latium in the Iron Age and early Roman Republican period were generally found to genetically cluster closest to modern Northern and Central Italians. DNA analysis demonstrates that ancient Greek colonization had a significant lasting effect on the local genetic landscape of Souther... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Overview | 332 | 1,777 | null |
The Sardinians are the exception as genetic outliers in Italy and indeed in Europe, resulting from their predominantly Neolithic, Pre-Indo-European and non-Italic Nuragic ancestry. Reflecting the history of Europe and the broader Mediterranean basin, the Italian populations have been found to be made up mostly of the s... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Overview | 284 | 1,520 | null |
Section: Prehistoric and historical populations of Italy. Modern humans appeared during the Upper Paleolithic. Specimens of Aurignacian age were discovered in the cave of Fumane and date back about 34,000 years. During the Magdalenian period, the first humans from the Pyrenees populated Sardinia. During the Neolithic p... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Prehistoric and historical populations of Italy | 342 | 1,631 | null |
Section: Prehistoric and historical populations of Italy > Etruscans. Genetic research has increasingly clarified the origins of the Etruscans. Early studies based on modern samples and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alone yielded inconclusive or contradictory results. With the advent of ancient DNA analysis and whole genom... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Prehistoric and historical populations of Italy > Etruscans | 318 | 1,421 | null |
Section: Prehistoric and historical populations of Italy > Latins. A genetic study published in Science in November 2019 examined the remains of six Latin males buried near Rome between 900 BC and 200 BC. They carried the paternal haplogroups R-M269, T-L208, R-P311, R-PF7589 and R-P312 (two samples), and the maternal h... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Prehistoric and historical populations of Italy > Latins | 224 | 964 | null |
Section: Y-DNA genetic diversity. Many Italians, especially in Northern Italy and Central Italy, belong to Haplogroup R1b (R-M269), common in Western and Central Europe. The highest frequency of R1b is found in Garfagnana (76.2%) in Tuscany and in the Bergamo Valleys (80.8%) in Lombardy. This percentage lowers in the s... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Y-DNA genetic diversity | 298 | 1,208 | null |
A study by Boattini et al. (2013) analyzed uniparental markers (Y-chromosome and mtDNA) in approximately 900 individuals from 8 Italian macro-regions and 23 different Italian locations: three in Northern Italy, two in Central Italy, one in Southern Italy, and two in the islands (Sicily and Sardinia). Contrary to previo... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Y-DNA genetic diversity | 314 | 1,270 | null |
Among the identified Y-DNA haplogroups, R1b-M269, with the clade R1b-U152, predominates in the North and Tuscany; J2, with J2a-M410, and E1b1b, with E-V13, are more frequent in the South, Sicily, and along the Adriatic coast; I2-M223, G2a-P15, J2b-M102 are still significant, while less common haplogroups such as T-M70,... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Y-DNA genetic diversity | 213 | 846 | null |
A 2018 genetic study, focusing on the Y-chromosome and haplogroups lineages, their diversity and their distribution by taking some 817 representative subjects, gives credit to the traditional northern-southern division in population, by concluding that due to Neolithic migrations southern Italians "show a higher simila... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Y-DNA genetic diversity | 347 | 1,511 | null |
Section: Y-DNA introduced by historical immigration. In two villages in Lazio and Abruzzo (Cappadocia and Vallepietra), I1 is the most common Y-DNA, recorded at levels 35% and 28%, this is likely due to a founder effect. In Sicily, further migrations from the Vandals and Saracens have only slightly affected the ethnic ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Y-DNA introduced by historical immigration | 321 | 1,509 | null |
Section: Genetic composition of Italian mtDNA. In Italy as elsewhere in Europe the majority of mtDNA lineages belong to the haplogroup H. Several independent studies conclude that haplogroup H probably evolved in West Asia c. 25,000 years ago. It was carried to Europe by migrations c. 20–25,000 years ago, and spread wi... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Genetic composition of Italian mtDNA | 322 | 1,450 | null |
stated that an analysis of ancestral informative markers "as carried out in the present study indicated that Italy shows a very minor sub-Saharan African component that is, however, slightly higher than non-Mediterranean Europe." Discussing African mtDNAs the study states that these indicate that a significant proporti... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Genetic composition of Italian mtDNA | 340 | 1,417 | null |
found 0 of African L and M1 haplogroups in mainland Southern Italy out of 115 samples. Only two Berber U6 out of 115 samples were found, one from Lecce and one from Cosenza. A close genetic similarity between Ashkenazim and Italians has been noted in genetic studies, possibly due to the fact that Ashkenazi Jews have a ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Genetic composition of Italian mtDNA | 325 | 1,448 | null |
In Provence, probably between 9,000 and 7,000 years ago, it gave rise to the haplogroup subclade U5b3a1. This subclade U5b3a1 later came from Provence to the island of Sardinia by way of obsidian merchants, because it is estimated that 80% of the obsidian which is found in France comes from Monte Arci in Sardinia, refl... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Genetic composition of Italian mtDNA | 298 | 1,351 | null |
Section: Autosomal. Wade et al. (2008) determined that Italy is one of the last two remaining genetic islands in Europe, the other being Finland. This is due in part to the presence of the Alpine mountain chain which, over the centuries, has prevented large migration flows. Recent genome-wide studies have been able to ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Autosomal | 338 | 1,492 | null |
used 1,014 Italians with wide geographical coverage. It showed that the current population of Sardinia can be clearly differentiated genetically from mainland Italy and Sicily, and that a certain degree of genetic differentiation is detectable within the current Italian peninsula population. By using the ADMIXTURE soft... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Autosomal | 342 | 1,765 | null |
Samples from (Northern) Italy, Tuscany, Sicily and Sardinia are closest to other Southern Europeans from Iberia, the Balkans and Greece, who are in turn closest to the Neolithic migrants that spread farming throughout Europe, represented here by the Cappadocian sample from Anatolia. But there hasn't been any significan... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Autosomal | 339 | 1,619 | null |
The study argues that Bronze Age steppe pastoralists from the Yamna culture spread Indo-European languages in Europe. Autosomic tests indicate that the Yamnaya-people were the result of admixture between two different hunter-gatherer populations: Eastern Hunter-Gatherers from the Russian Steppe and either Caucasus Hunt... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Autosomal | 314 | 1,429 | null |
The results are very interesting in light of the ancient DNA evidence that has come out in the last couple years:In addition to the pattern described in the main text, the SARD sample seemed to have played a major role as source of admixture for most of the examined populations, especially Italian ones, rather than as ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Autosomal | 163 | 863 | null |
Sarno et al. (2017) concentrate on the genetic impact brought by the historical migrations around the Mediterranean on Southern Italy and Sicily, and conclude that the "results demonstrate that the genetic variability of present-day Southern Italian populations is characterized by a shared genetic continuity, extending... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Autosomal | 342 | 1,877 | null |
A sharp north-south division in cluster distribution was detected, with the separation between northern and southern areas shifted northward along the peninsula. The study identified three main genetic clusters in Italy: Northern Italy (including Northern Italy and Tuscany), Southern Italy (including Central-Southern r... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Autosomal | 323 | 1,701 | null |
A 2022 genome-wide study of more than 700 individuals from the South Mediterranean area (102 from Southern Italy), combined with ancient DNA from neighbouring areas, found high affinities of South-Eastern Italians with modern Eastern Peloponnesians, and a closer affinity of ancient Greek genomes with those from specifi... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Italy - Autosomal | 342 | 1,659 | null |
Article: Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people. In population genetics, extensive research has been done on the genetic origins of modern Japanese people. Historically, Japanese people primarily descend from migrants stretching from the Jōmon period (Jōmon people) to the Yayoi period (Yayoi people) and ... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Summary | 166 | 802 | null |
Section: Origins > Dual ancestry theory. A common origin of Japanese has been proposed by a number of scholars since Arai Hakuseki first brought up the theory and Fujii Sadamoto (藤井 貞幹), also known as Teikan Tou (藤 貞幹), a pioneer of modern archaeology in Japan, also treated the issue in 1781. But after the end of World... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Dual ancestry theory | 346 | 1,447 | null |
Hudson claimed that the main ethnic image of Japanese people was biologically and linguistically formed from 400 BCE to 1,200 CE. Currently, the most well-regarded theory is that present-day Japanese are descendants of both the indigenous Jōmon people and the immigrant Yayoi people.On the other hand, a study published ... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Dual ancestry theory | 292 | 1,432 | null |
A 2015 study revealed that modern Japanese possess 2.2% West Eurasian ancestry, which likely originated from interactions with Silk Road traders around 1700 years ago. The modern Japanese cluster is said to be the most similar with the Korean one; in a haplotype-based study, the Japanese cluster was found to share 87–9... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Dual ancestry theory | 348 | 1,892 | null |
A mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed a genetic affinity between Koreans and Mongolians, indicating a shared Central Asian ancestry. Additionally, genetic research suggests that while Koreans share some common ancestry with other East Asian populations, their genetic ties with the Chinese are relatively more distant. G... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Dual ancestry theory | 334 | 1,753 | null |
A genome study (Takahashi et al. 2019) shows that modern Japanese (Yamato) do not have much Jōmon ancestry at all. Nuclear genome analysis of Jōmon samples and modern Japanese samples show strong differences. Various studies estimate the proportion of Jōmon ancestry in Japanese people at around 9-13%, with the remainde... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Dual ancestry theory | 322 | 1,495 | null |
According to Alexander Vovin, the Yayoi were present on the central and southern parts of Korea before they were displaced and assimilated by arriving proto-Koreans. A similar view was raised by Whitman (2012), further noting that the Yayoi are not closely related to the proto-Koreanic speakers and that Koreanic arrive... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Dual ancestry theory | 337 | 1,618 | null |
Section: Origins > Tripartite ancestry theory. A September 2021 study published in the journal Science Advances proposed that the people of Japan bore genetic signatures from three ancient populations rather than just two as previously thought. The study states that in addition to the previously discovered Jōmon and Ya... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Tripartite ancestry theory | 310 | 1,371 | null |
Xiaoxi Liu (刘小晰) et. al (2024) stated that Jōmon admixture in contemporary Japanese people varies depending on region, with admixture being the highest in southern Japan, especially Okinawa (28.5%), followed by northeastern Japan (19%) and western Japan (12%). They also noted that the East Asian strand (labelled "Kofun... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Tripartite ancestry theory | 308 | 1,444 | null |
According to Pere Gelabert in a 2022 paper, ancient Koreans of the Three Kingdoms period of Korea coded "Korea TK", bore close genetic similarity with Kofun period Japanese people. "The eight individuals from the Korean TK period are positioned within the diversity of East Asian individuals, particularly close to prese... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Tripartite ancestry theory | 323 | 1,513 | null |
A recent study published by the University of Tokyo in October 2024 also refuted the tripartite origin theory, claiming that the Kofun strand was not a single strand that was introduced separately into Japan, but a strand that was part of an already existing group within the Korean peninsula. According to the study, la... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Tripartite ancestry theory | 343 | 1,647 | null |
Shinoda stated that over 90% of the modern Japanese DNA derives from an ancient strand that originated at an area near the Liao River around 50,000 years ago, where it was then introduced to the Korean peninsula (which in turn mixed with the Southern Jōmon-like inhabitants) and 10,000 years later was introduced into th... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Tripartite ancestry theory | 293 | 1,388 | null |
According to Mogi, East Asian ancestry immigrants such as Empress Jingū's ancestor, Amenohiboko and other famous Kofun period immigrants, were most likely proto-Koreanic speakers due to the similarities in grammar with modern Korean, an argument made similar by fellow linguist Alexander Vovin. Mogi posited that these p... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Tripartite ancestry theory | 237 | 1,101 | null |
He linked the Yayoi period with the Mumun period of Korea and stated that the proto-Japonic language was spread during this time. He also remarked that the proto-Japonic of the Yayoi/Mumun period and proto-Koreanic that was introduced during Kofun/Asuka period stemmed from the same ancestral language, stating that "the... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Origins > Tripartite ancestry theory | 167 | 692 | null |
Section: Anthropometry. Stephen Pheasant who taught anatomy, biomechanics and ergonomics at the Royal Free Hospital and the University College, London, said that Far Eastern people have proportionately shorter lower limbs than European and black African people. Pheasant said that the proportionately short lower limbs o... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Anthropometry | 348 | 1,456 | null |
Section: Anthropometry > Craniometry. Anthropologist Ashley Montagu (1989) said that the "Mongoloid skull generally, whether Chinese or Japanese, has been rather more neotenized than the Caucasoid or European [...]". Ann Kumar (1998) said that Michael Pietrusewsky (1992) said that, in a craniometric study, the cranial ... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Anthropometry > Craniometry | 339 | 1,501 | null |
However, in a follow-up study, Pietrusewsky (2010) corrected that East Asians and Southeast Asians were markedly separated from each other. He found that Koreans had the most similar cranial bones to ancient and modern Japanese including the Yayoi people and Jōmon people, followed by Taiwan and Hainan. He stated that a... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people - Anthropometry > Craniometry | 265 | 1,259 | null |
Article: List of Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world. The following articles are lists of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups found in populations around the world. Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus Y-DNA haplogr... | Wikipedia - List of Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world - Summary | 198 | 765 | null |
Section: History and overview. Developments in DNA sequencing in the 1970s and 1980s provided researchers with the tools needed to study human genetic variation and the genetics of human populations to discover founder populations of modern people groups and human migrations. In 2005, National Geographic launched The G... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - History and overview | 210 | 1,143 | null |
Section: Arabian peninsula. A 2024 genome-wide study on 39 individuals who lived between ~650–1750 CE in Soqotra, an island situated at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden in the northwest Indian Ocean between Africa and Arabia, indicates a strong genetic connections between these ancient samples and the similarly isolated H... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Arabian peninsula | 234 | 1,147 | null |
Section: Egypt. Various DNA studies have found that the genetic variant frequencies of North African populations are intermediate between those of the Near East, the Horn of Africa, Southern Europe and Sub Saharan Africa, with the strongest links being to the populations of West Asia. A study performed on a sample of 1... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Egypt | 242 | 890 | null |
Cruciani et al. (2007) suggests that E-M78, E1b1b predominant subclade in Egypt, originated in "Northeastern Africa", with a corridor for bidirectional migrations between northeastern and eastern Africa (at least 2 episodes between 23.9 and 17.3 ky and 18.0–5.9 ky ago), trans-Mediterranean migrations directly from nort... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Egypt | 300 | 1,133 | null |
The 34 individuals from Gurna exhibited the haplogroups: M1 (6/34 individuals, 17.6%), H (5/34 individuals, 14.7%), L1a (4/34 individuals, 11.8%) and U (3/34 individuals, 8.8%). The M1 haplotype frequency in Gurna individuals (6/34 individuals, 17.6%) is similar to that seen in Ethiopian population (20%), along with a ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Egypt | 317 | 1,449 | null |
The authors suggested that the influential role of the Nile River served as a migratory route and an agent of genetic flow which contributed to present-day heterogeneity in Egypt. A study which analyzed 275 samples from five populations in Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt, as well as published data from Moroccan populations... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Egypt | 332 | 1,536 | null |
Shomarka Keita examined a published Y-chromosome dataset on Afro-Asiatic populations and found that a key lineage E-M35/E-M78, sub-clade of haplogroup E, was shared between the populations in the locale of original Egyptian speakers and modern Cushitic speakers from the Horn. These lineages are present in Egyptians, Be... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Egypt | 322 | 1,563 | null |
A study analyzed various populations and found that Copts and Egyptians showed low levels of genetic differentiation and lower levels of genetic diversity compared to the northeast African groups. Copts and Egyptians displayed similar levels of European/Middle Eastern ancestry (Copts were estimated to be of 69.54% ± 2.... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Egypt | 230 | 1,210 | null |
Section: Egypt > Ancient Egyptians. Contamination from handling and intrusion from microbes create obstacles to the recovery of Ancient DNA. Consequently, most DNA studies have been carried out on modern Egyptian populations with the intent of learning about the influences of historical migrations on the population of ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Egypt > Ancient Egyptians | 321 | 1,626 | null |
In 2012 the 20th dynasty mummies of Ramesses III and another mummy "Unknown Man E" believed to be Ramesses III's son Pentawer were analyzed by Albert Zink, Yehia Z Gad and a team of researchers under Zahi Hawass, then Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, Egypt. Genetic kinship analyses revealed iden... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Egypt > Ancient Egyptians | 339 | 1,530 | null |
Two of the three ancient Egyptians were assigned to haplogroup J and one to haplogroup E1b1b1 both are carried by modern Egyptians. Analyses of the ancient Egyptian samples revealed higher affinities with near eastern populations compared to modern Egyptians, likely due to an 8% increase in African component which occu... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Egypt > Ancient Egyptians | 346 | 1,775 | null |
Ehret also cited previous genetic analysis which had identified the Horn of Africa as the origin of the E-M35 paternal haplogroup found among Egyptians. The tomb of two high-status Egyptians, Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht was discovered by Sir Flinders Petrie and Ernest Mackay in 1907. Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht lived dur... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Egypt > Ancient Egyptians | 332 | 1,538 | null |
The analysis confirmed previous data of the Tutankhamun's ancestry with multiple controls authenticating all results. However, the specific clade of R1b was not determined and the profiles for Tutankhamun and Amenhotep III were incomplete, the analysis produced differing probability figures despite having concordant al... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Egypt > Ancient Egyptians | 324 | 1,511 | null |
Section: Iran > Gilaks and Mazandaranis. A genetic study was made on the North Iranian populations on the Gilaks and Mazandaranis, spanning the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea, up to the border with neighbouring Azerbaijan. The Gilaks and Mazandaranis comprise 7% of the Iranian population. The study suggested tha... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Iran > Gilaks and Mazandaranis | 326 | 1,637 | null |
Section: Iran > Iranian Azeris. The 2013 comparative study on the complete mitochondrial DNA diversity in Iranians has indicated that Iranian Azerbaijanis are more related to the people of Georgia, than they are to other Iranians (Like Persians), while the Persians, Armenians and Qashqai on the other hand were more rel... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Iran > Iranian Azeris | 349 | 1,773 | null |
Section: Iraq and Kuwait > Links to South Asia. A 2013 study based on DNA extracted from the dental remains of four individuals from different time eras (200–300 CE, 2650–2450 BCE, 2200–1900 BCE) unearthed at Tell Ashara (ancient Terqa, in modern Syria) and Tell Masaikh (ancient Kar-Assurnasirpal) suggested a "possible... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Iraq and Kuwait > Links to South Asia | 188 | 816 | null |
Section: Iraq and Kuwait > Assyrians. In the 1995 book The History and Geography of Human Genes the authors wrote that: "The Assyrians are a fairly homogeneous group of people, believed to originate from the land of old Assyria in northern Iraq and southeast Anatolia, and Ancient Mesopotamia in general[..] they are Chr... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Iraq and Kuwait > Assyrians | 265 | 1,347 | null |
Section: Iraq and Kuwait > Marsh Arabs. A study published in 2011 looking at the relationship between Iraq's Marsh Arabs and ancient Sumerians concluded "the modern Marsh Arabs of Iraq harbour mtDNAs and Y chromosomes that (like those of the Assyrian people and Mandeans) are predominantly of Mesopotamian origin. Certai... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Iraq and Kuwait > Marsh Arabs | 215 | 1,053 | null |
Section: Levant > Epi-Paleolithic. Ancient DNA analysis has confirmed the genetic relationship between Natufians and other ancient and modern Middle Easterners and the broader West Eurasian meta-population (i.e. Europeans and South-Central Asians). The Natufian population displays also ancestral ties to Paleolithic Taf... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Epi-Paleolithic | 334 | 1,568 | null |
The Natufians were already differentiated from other West Eurasian lineages, such as the Anatolian farmers north of the Levant, that contributed to the peopling of Europe in significant amounts, and who had some Western Hunter Gatherer-like (WHG) inferred ancestry, in contrast to Natufians who lacked this component (si... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Epi-Paleolithic | 347 | 1,496 | null |
According to ancient DNA analyses conducted in 2016 on Natufian skeletal remains in the Raqefet Cave from present-day northern Israel, the remains of 5 Natufians carried the following paternal haplgroups: Y-DNA E1b1b1b2 (xE1b1b1b2a, E1b1b1b2b) - meaning an unspecified branch of E1b1b1b2 E1b1 (xE1b1a1, E1b1b1b1) - i.e. ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Epi-Paleolithic | 329 | 1,039 | null |
Loosdrecht et al. (2018) argues that the Natufians had contributed genetically to the Iberomaurusian peoples of Paleolithic and Mesolithic northwest Africa, with the Iberomaurusians' other ancestral component being a unique one of sub-Saharan Africa origin (having both West African-like and Hadza-like affinities). The ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Epi-Paleolithic | 307 | 1,223 | null |
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