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Professional societies of pathologists have criticized patents on disease genes and exclusive licenses to perform DNA diagnostic tests. In the 2009 Myriad case, doctors and pathologists complained that the patent on BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes prevented patients from receiving second opinions on their test results. Pathologi... | Wikipedia - Biological patents in the United States - Controversy | 279 | 1,535 | null |
Section: Criteria. In order to remain included within the index, the components must meet the following criteria: The security U.S. listing must be exclusively on the NASDAQ National Market (unless the security was dually listed on another U.S. market prior to January 1, 2004 and has continuously maintained such listin... | Wikipedia - NASDAQ Biotechnology Index - Criteria | 231 | 1,176 | null |
Section: Reports and policy recommendations. The Commission submitted its first report to Congress in December 2023 which included recommendations related to agriculture policy for potential inclusion in the Farm Bill. In December 2023, NSCEB published its interim report, which discusses the potential applications of b... | Wikipedia - National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology - Reports and policy recommendations | 339 | 1,861 | null |
Section: Ideas and goals. Gardening and leisure activities in the specially created Intercultural Gardens are meant to promote social contacts between refugees, immigrants and natives. The Intercultural Gardens aim to achieve that the proclaimed solidarity with war and political refugees can be strengthened through day... | Wikipedia - Intercultural Garden - Ideas and goals | 220 | 1,303 | null |
Article: Gardening in Spain. Gardening in Spain reflects the different styles of Spanish art, including influences from Roman, Islamic, Italian, French, and English gardens. Modern Spanish gardening emphasize gardens and their surroundings, focusing heavily on both urban horticulture and landscape architecture. Spanish... | Wikipedia - Gardening in Spain - Summary | 205 | 1,142 | null |
Section: Influences > Roman period. Gardening in Spain began during the Roman period. Ancient Rome was very advanced in regards to its architecture and engineering, and their aqueducts helped irrigate gardens in remote areas. Because of this, they were able to create swimming pools and lakes, which emphasized the beaut... | Wikipedia - Gardening in Spain - Influences > Roman period | 297 | 1,434 | null |
Article: Ant Forest. Ant Forest (Chinese: 蚂蚁森林; pinyin: Mǎyǐ sēnlín) is a tree planting initiative launched in 2016 by Ant Financial Services Group, an Alibaba affiliate. It encourages users to lower carbon emissions by planting trees when users engage in activities that reduce carbon emissions. As of the end of 2022, ... | Wikipedia - Ant Forest - Summary | 174 | 885 | null |
Section: Application. The purpose of ant forest activity is to convert simulated energy into real trees. Ant Forest collaborates with institutions such as the Beijing Environment Exchange and The Nature Conservancy to calculate the values of carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration. Initially, Ant Forest cove... | Wikipedia - Ant Forest - Application | 350 | 1,913 | null |
Section: Development. On September 5, 2017, Ant Forest released a plan called "Planet Blue" at its "Bluer Sky" forum of the public benefit activities week. This plan would open product capabilities and technology platform to the whole society and urge everyone to participate in a green future. This project tries to tra... | Wikipedia - Ant Forest - Development | 338 | 1,914 | null |
Section: Cooperation. On January 19, 2017, Ant Financial and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) launched the world's first green digital financial alliance during the Davos World Economic Forum, with the aim of harnessing digital technology to promoting financing that addresses global environmental challen... | Wikipedia - Ant Forest - Cooperation | 234 | 1,311 | null |
Section: Social implications. Maosheng Duan (the director of the China Carbon Market Research Center Tsinghua University and the former chairman of the executive board of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)) said that Ant Forest have taken a pioneering step towards promoting ordinary people to reduce carbon emissions... | Wikipedia - Ant Forest - Social implications | 160 | 871 | null |
Section: Carbon trading. Man-induced global climate change has become a prominent political issue. Dangerous climate change caused by rising greenhouse gas concentrations has a serious impact on global ecosystems, and governments are seeking mitigation measures and solutions. Market-based carbon trading is emerging as ... | Wikipedia - Ant Forest - Carbon trading | 298 | 1,725 | null |
According to Chenlong, Chief Strategy Officer of Ant Forests, if individual carbon reduction activities can form a nationally recognized methodology and incorporate China's voluntary emission reduction project (CCER), it will become a "carbon account" for individuals to participate in carbon trading in the future, part... | Wikipedia - Ant Forest - Carbon trading | 344 | 1,971 | null |
However, there are views suggesting that the current carbon market trading is still immature, and integrating Ant Forest's carbon accounts with external carbon markets may not be beneficial. In China, the current carbon price is considerably lower compared to developed countries. If Ant Group were to convert the energy... | Wikipedia - Ant Forest - Carbon trading | 226 | 1,244 | null |
Section: Related litigation cases. In 2021, an article published by a WeChat public account claimed that Ant Forest, a green initiative, utilized the carbon emission savings accumulated by its nationwide users and then sold these credits to heavy polluting companies, allegedly aiding in environmental pollution. The art... | Wikipedia - Ant Forest - Related litigation cases | 202 | 1,114 | null |
Section: Origin of name. The name "Carolina bay" is sometimes attributed to the writings of the English explorer John Lawson, who explored North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia during the early 18th century. This attribution, however, is not correct. Lawson described visiting a swamp that contained bay trees, but... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Origin of name | 308 | 1,377 | null |
Section: Geomorphology > Orientation. According to published papers and monographs, the average trend of the long axes of Carolina Bays varies from N16°W in east-central Georgia to N22°W in southern South Carolina, N39°W in northern South Carolina, N49°W in North Carolina, and N64°W in Virginia. Within this part of the... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Geomorphology > Orientation | 299 | 1,421 | null |
Section: Stratigraphic setting. Most Carolina bays consist of a few meters of sand and/or mud that rest on an unconformity above a harder substrate that does not show signs of deformation or other disturbance. The composition and the age of this harder substrate varies from location to location. Stratigraphic relations... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Stratigraphic setting | 323 | 1,437 | null |
Section: Stratigraphy within the Carolina bays and sand ridges. Cores taken within several Carolina bays have revealed a stratigraphy of a few meters of sand and/or mud resting on a unconformity above a harder substrate. Carolina bays for which the stratigraphy has been described in some detail include Lake Mattamuskee... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Stratigraphy within the Carolina bays and sand ridges | 345 | 1,402 | null |
Charcoal and wood from a western sand rim (closer to the bay) yielded radiocarbon ages of ~5,760 and 1,270 years before present (BP). Organic sediment and charcoal from an eastern sand rim (farther from the bay) yielded radiocarbon ages ranging from ~7,750 to 2,780 years BP. Wilson's Bay (Johnston County, North Carolin... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Stratigraphy within the Carolina bays and sand ridges | 328 | 1,323 | null |
Herndon Bay (Robeson County, North Carolina): Cores drilled into four different sand ridges associated with this Carolina bay revealed that the sand ridges are composed of 2.5–4.5 m thick accumulations of fine to coarse sand that rest on an unconformity above an undisturbed unit of black mud of Cretaceous age (Black Cr... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Stratigraphy within the Carolina bays and sand ridges | 324 | 1,316 | null |
Within cores of undisturbed sediments recovered from Big Bay, North Carolina, Brook and others documented well-defined pollen zones consisting of distinct pollen assemblages. They found a stratigraphically consistent series of pollen zones, which increased in age consistently with depth from Holocene Stage to the Wisco... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Stratigraphy within the Carolina bays and sand ridges | 333 | 1,383 | null |
Section: Ecological significance and biodiversity. The bays have many different vegetative structures, based on the depression depth, size, hydrology, and subsurface. Many are marshy; a few of the larger ones are (or were before drainage) lakes; 14-square-mile (36 km2) Lake Waccamaw is an undrained example. Some bays a... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Ecological significance and biodiversity | 323 | 1,417 | null |
Some bays have been greatly modified by human activities including farming, highway building, and construction of housing developments and golf courses. For example, Carvers Bay, a large bay in Georgetown County, South Carolina, was used as a bombing practice range during World War II. It has been drained and is mostly... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Ecological significance and biodiversity | 319 | 1,502 | null |
Section: Interpretations (theories of origin). Most geologists today interpret the Carolina bays as relict geomorphological features that developed via various eolian and lacustrine processes. Multiple lines of evidence, e.g. radiocarbon dating, optically stimulated luminescence dating, and palynology, indicate that th... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Interpretations (theories of origin) | 168 | 842 | null |
Section: Interpretations (theories of origin) > Relict thermokarst lakes. Recent work by the U.S. Geological Survey has interpreted the Carolina bays as relict thermokarst lakes that have been modified by eolian and lacustrine processes. Modern thermokarst lakes are common today around Barrow (Alaska), and the long axe... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Interpretations (theories of origin) > Relict thermokarst lakes | 341 | 1,644 | null |
In addition, Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists have found that the orientations of the Carolina bays are consistent with the wind patterns that existed during the Wisconsin glaciation, as reconstructed from the orientations of parabolic dunes in river valleys. Within the Atlantic Coast Plain, the orientation o... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Interpretations (theories of origin) > Relict thermokarst lakes | 228 | 1,183 | null |
Section: Interpretations (theories of origin) > Alternative interpretations. Many alternative hypotheses have been proposed for the origin of the Carolina Bays and been examined and that are either no longer or never were viewed favorably by most geologists. These hypotheses include their origin as spring basins, enclo... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Interpretations (theories of origin) > Alternative interpretations | 252 | 1,250 | null |
Section: Similar landforms in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain. Other landform depressions, not widely accepted as Carolina bays, are present within the northern Gulf of Mexico coastal plain in southern Mississippi and Alabama, where they are known as either Grady ponds or Citronelle ponds. They are also known by a var... | Wikipedia - Carolina bays - Similar landforms in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain | 226 | 1,050 | null |
Article: Cypress dome. A cypress dome is a type of freshwater forested wetland, or a swamp, found in the southeastern part of the United States. They are dominated by the Taxodium spp., either the bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), or pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens). The name comes from the dome-like shape of treetop... | Wikipedia - Cypress dome - Summary | 225 | 1,020 | null |
Section: Hydrology. The water levels of dome swamps are naturally fluctuating and dependent on seasonal rainfall. Dome swamps derive most of their water through runoff from surrounding uplands. They also may be influenced by groundwater when they are directly connected to the aquifer. Groundwater particularly impacts t... | Wikipedia - Cypress dome - Hydrology | 154 | 788 | null |
Section: Fire dependency. Cypress swamps occur in fire-maintained communities. Fire is essential for maintaining the structure and species composition in these communities. Without periodic fires, cypress may become less dominant. Cypress are tolerant to light surface fires, due to their thick, fire-resistant bark. Sur... | Wikipedia - Cypress dome - Fire dependency | 223 | 1,186 | null |
Section: List of species > Fauna. Dome swamps provide breeding habitat for rare animals such as flatwoods salamanders (Ambystoma spp.), white ibis (Eudocimus albus), and wood storks (Mycteria americana). Other species include: Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Florida ... | Wikipedia - Cypress dome - List of species > Fauna | 166 | 619 | null |
Section: Threats. The major threat to cypress swamps are humans. Anthropogenic alterations have negative impacts including hydrological modifications, logging, increased nutrients, pollution from agricultural runoff, and invasion of exotic species. Conversion of surrounding lands to urban development, pastures, and agr... | Wikipedia - Cypress dome - Threats | 201 | 1,140 | null |
Section: Abiotic environment. The climate of Florida varies across the state due to its polar orientation and 447-mile length. From central Florida to the Georgia border, the climate is generally humid subtropical, while South Florida has a tropical climate. The end of spring to mid-fall is characterized by a significa... | Wikipedia - Ecology of Florida - Abiotic environment | 218 | 1,039 | null |
Section: Biotic environment > Fauna > Terrestrial. Florida is home to diverse wildlife. Over 700 species of land animals are found in the state, including bobcats, armadillos, opossums, and foxes. More than 500 species of birds have been seen in the state, and it is home to an estimated 1,500 nesting pairs of bald eagl... | Wikipedia - Ecology of Florida - Biotic environment > Fauna > Terrestrial | 164 | 809 | null |
Section: Biotic environment > Forest ecology. Florida has many types of forest ecosystems. Upland hardwoods: They are often found in patches, surrounded by flatwoods and sandhills. Upland hardwood forests typically host diverse trees and shrubs, with no dominant species. Many Florida state parks encompass upland hardwo... | Wikipedia - Ecology of Florida - Biotic environment > Forest ecology | 297 | 1,493 | null |
Section: Human impacts. In the pre-Columbian era, forests, prairies, and the Everglades dominated Florida's landscape. Small rivers, swamps, and natural lakes and springs were ubiquitous. At the time, the area was inhabited by the Florida's indigenous tribes. These tribes led a mostly subsistence-based lifestyle, consi... | Wikipedia - Ecology of Florida - Human impacts | 246 | 1,276 | null |
Section: Migration patterns > Migratory birds. Many birds migrate between the US and South America or the Caribbean through Florida. Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) that spend summers in the eastern half of the U.S. fly through Florida to reach the Yucatán peninsula, the Caribbean islands, and South America. Birds crossing... | Wikipedia - Ecology of Florida - Migration patterns > Migratory birds | 186 | 924 | null |
Section: Status > Florida Ecological Restoration Inventory. In 1998, the Office of Ecosystem Management conducted the Florida Ecological Restoration Inventory (FERI). Using information gathered from the managers of state-owned lands, they assessed the restoration needs and created a comprehensive map including the urge... | Wikipedia - Ecology of Florida - Status > Florida Ecological Restoration Inventory | 161 | 912 | null |
Section: Status > Recovery Program. The DEP has initiated the Recovery Program, which uses ARAA federal stimulus money to fund environmental programs across the state. Diesel emission reduction received 1.7 million dollars to provide electric power at rest stops so trucks do not have to idle and to retrofit school buse... | Wikipedia - Ecology of Florida - Status > Recovery Program | 175 | 918 | null |
Article: List of ecoregions in North America (CEC). This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas. It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classi... | Wikipedia - List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) - Summary | 345 | 1,702 | null |
Section: North American Deserts > Plant communities. The North American Deserts are home to a variety of plant species. These plants are categorized as either xerophytes, adapted to the arid conditions of the desert, or phreatophytes, which are plants with very deep roots that are dependent on a permanent water supply ... | Wikipedia - List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) - North American Deserts > Plant communities | 323 | 1,520 | null |
Section: North American Deserts > Dominant/characteristic species. There are a variety of mammals that define the North American Deserts such as the bighorn sheep, mule deer, white-tailed deer, ground squirrel, coyote, prairie dog, cottontail rabbit, desert packrat, and mountain lion. There are a number of birds and re... | Wikipedia - List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) - North American Deserts > Dominant/characteristic species | 291 | 1,405 | null |
Section: North American Deserts > Topography, geology, and soils. The Great Basin Desert is the only Cold desert, bordered by the Rocky Mountain range to the east, and the Sierra Nevada – Cascade to the west. The northernmost part of the desert lies 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, and due to high summer temper... | Wikipedia - List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) - North American Deserts > Topography, geology, and soils | 341 | 1,588 | null |
Section: North American Deserts > Hydrology. There are common patterns of hydrological cycles throughout the North American Deserts, but specifics of times and source of water range. All four deserts rely on rivers, precipitation, and underground aquifers to replenish their water supply. The water in the North American... | Wikipedia - List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) - North American Deserts > Hydrology | 331 | 1,753 | null |
Section: North American Deserts > Climate. North American deserts can be categorized by climate categories of hot and cold deserts. The cold deserts include the Thompson Okanagan Plateau, Columbian Plateau, Northern and Central Basins, Colorado Plateaus, and the Snake River Plane. All of these North American Deserts ar... | Wikipedia - List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) - North American Deserts > Climate | 324 | 1,719 | null |
Section: North American Deserts > Ecological concerns. The North American Desert biome is facing a variety of ecological threats. Human disturbance poses the number one concern to this fragile ecosystem. The Sonoran desert contains the two large cities of Tucson and Phoenix, Arizona, which contain over 3 million people... | Wikipedia - List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) - North American Deserts > Ecological concerns | 270 | 1,492 | null |
Section: North American Deserts > Endangered species. The giant kangaroo rat is an unusual rodent. The Dipodomys ingens can grow up to 34.7 centimeters in length and have a tail of up to 19.8 centimeters long. They can weigh up to 180 grams. It is mainly found in the San Joaquin Valley in California. The giant kangaroo... | Wikipedia - List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) - North American Deserts > Endangered species | 345 | 1,648 | null |
It tends to be around 46 centimeters tall and has about a 20 centimeter diameter. It has 8 ribs that are lined with spines. The cactus blooms from April to May with a purple flower and white, hairy fruit. Like many cacti, it is rather slow growing at a rate of just 2 inches in 10 years, due to minimal nutrient input. I... | Wikipedia - List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) - North American Deserts > Endangered species | 165 | 764 | null |
Section: North American Deserts > Climate change. North American Deserts, as in most arid systems, experience water and temperature change as the most limiting factors in this ecoregion. Climate change's major effects thus far have been an increase in average annual temperature as well as an increase in average annual ... | Wikipedia - List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) - North American Deserts > Climate change | 327 | 1,777 | null |
Section: Flora > Tree species. Georgia's approximately 250 tree species include red cedars and a medium-sized evergreen. These are found throughout Georgia and are very beneficial to many wildlife species. Specifically, the red cedar is a host plant for a variety of butterflies including the great purple hairstreak, th... | Wikipedia - Natural history of Georgia (U.S. state) - Flora > Tree species | 302 | 1,399 | null |
Section: Overview > Origins. Population genomic research has studied the origin and formation of modern East Asians. The ancestors of East Asians (Ancient East Eurasians) split from other human populations (Ancient West Eurasians) possibly as early as 80,000 to 50,000 years ago. Possible routes into East Asia include a... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Overview > Origins | 286 | 1,356 | null |
Phylogenetic data suggests that an early Initial Upper Paleolithic wave (earlier than 45kya) "ascribed to a population movement with uniform genetic features and material culture" (Ancient East Eurasians) dispersed throughout Eurasia, with one of its main branches (dubbed as East Eurasian Core; EEC) using a Southern di... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Overview > Origins | 315 | 1,427 | null |
The southern route origin is strongly supported by archaeogenetic data and genetic affinities between these "East Eurasian Core" (EEC) populations. Although the morphological more distinct traits of modern Northeast Asian and Siberian populations raised the question of a possible distinct northern origin, those traits ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Overview > Origins | 316 | 1,681 | null |
Subsequently, ancestral East Asians diversified in southern East Asia and subsequently dispersed northward across the continent. The dominant paternal haplogroups of East Asians associated with the "southern route" belong to subclades of C-M217, D-M174, O-M175, and N-M231, among some others. The exact patterns of the n... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Overview > Origins | 261 | 1,260 | null |
There are also alternative scenarios for the divergence patterns of ancient East Asians without a distinct interior/coastal dispersal. There is also genetic evidence for migrations to Northern Asia and Siberia from both a deeply diverged East Eurasian Initial Upper Paleolithic group (related to the Ust'-Ishim man and o... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Overview > Origins | 298 | 1,352 | null |
Section: Overview > Diversification and substructure. After the peopling of the South and Southeast Asia region by the East Eurasian Core (EEC), this ancestral population diverged rapidly into at least three "deeply branching East Asian lineages, namely the "Ancient Ancestral South Indians" (AASI) staying in Southern A... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Overview > Diversification and substructure | 321 | 1,425 | null |
ANEA ancestry replaced the earlier Tianyuan-like ancestry in Northern China, the Amur region, and parts of Siberia by at least 19,000 years ago. ASEA ancestry admixed with Xingyi ancestry to form the Longlin lineage at least 11,000 years ago, before ASEA ancestry replaced Longlin ancestry around 6,000 years ago in Sout... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Overview > Diversification and substructure | 338 | 1,448 | null |
Sister lineage to ASEA. Ancient Southern East Asian (ASEA) – Associated with ancient samples in the Fujian and Guangxi region of Southern China. Sister lineage to ANEA. Central Yunnan ancestry – Ancestry found in 5,500–1,400-year-old central Yunnan populations. It is closer related to the ANEA and ASEA lineages than th... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Overview > Diversification and substructure | 339 | 1,524 | null |
7,000 and 13,000 year old specimens, whereas Turkic-speaking peoples have variable but significant amounts of West Eurasian admixture. An early branch of Ancient Northern East Asians absorbed an Ancient North Eurasian population to their north, giving rise to the Ancient Paleo-Siberians, who in turn became ancestral to... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Overview > Diversification and substructure | 340 | 1,625 | null |
Section: Studies on ancient and historical populations > Xiongnu people > Autosomal DNA. It was found that the "predominant part of the Xiongnu population is likely to have spoken Turkic". However, important cultural, technological and political elements may have been transmitted by Eastern Iranian-speaking Steppe noma... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on ancient and historical populations > Xiongnu people > Autosomal DNA | 301 | 1,412 | null |
Section: Studies on ancient and historical populations > Xianbei people > Maternal lineages. Genetic studies published in 2006 and 2015 revealed that the mitochondrial haplogroups of Xianbei remains were of East Asian origin. According to Zhou (2006) the maternal haplogroup frequencies of the Tuoba Xianbei were 43.75% ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on ancient and historical populations > Xianbei people > Maternal lineages | 172 | 643 | null |
Section: Studies on ancient and historical populations > Jōmon people. The Jōmon people represent the indigenous population of the Japanese archipelago during the Jōmon period. They are inferred to descend from the Paleolithic inhabitants of Japan. Genetic analyses on Jōmon remains found them to represent a deeply dive... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on ancient and historical populations > Jōmon people | 186 | 908 | null |
Section: Studies on modern populations > Manchu and Daur > Paternal lineages. A plurality of Daur males belong to Haplogroup C-M217 (12/39 = 30.8% according to Xue Yali et al. 2006, 88/207 = 42.5% according to Wang Chi-zao et al. 2018), with Haplogroup O-M122 being the second most common haplogroup among present-day Da... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Manchu and Daur > Paternal lineages | 304 | 991 | null |
Section: Studies on modern populations > Japanese > Paternal lineages. A comprehensive study of worldwide Y-DNA diversity (Underhill et al. 2000) included a sample of 23 males from Japan, of whom 35% belonged to haplogroup D-M174, 26% belonged to O-M175, 22% belonged to O-M122, 13% belonged to C-M8 and C-M130, and 4.3%... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Japanese > Paternal lineages | 190 | 564 | null |
Section: Studies on modern populations > Koreans > Autosomal DNA. Generally speaking, modern Koreans' genetic ancestry is mostly dominated by Northeast Asian DNA with a small mix of Southern Jōmon-like ancestry (6% ±3%). Evidence for both Northern and Southern mtDNA and Y-DNA haplogroups has been observed in Koreans, s... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Koreans > Autosomal DNA | 300 | 1,425 | null |
Section: Studies on modern populations > Koreans > Paternal lineages. Studies of polymorphisms in the human Y-chromosome have so far produced evidence to suggest that the Korean people have a long history as a distinct, mostly endogamous ethnic group, with successive waves of people moving to the peninsula and three ma... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Koreans > Paternal lineages | 239 | 847 | null |
Section: Studies on modern populations > Mongolic peoples. The ethnogenesis of Mongolic peoples is largely linked with the expansion of Ancient Northeast Asians. They subsequently came into contact with other groups, notably Sinitic peoples to their South and Western Steppe Herders to their far West. The Mongolians pas... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Mongolic peoples | 212 | 913 | null |
Section: Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese. The origins of the Han Chinese primarily trace back to Neolithic Yellow River farmers, who descended from Ancient Northern East Asians (ANEA), and Neolithic groups near the Yangtze, who descended from Ancient Southern East Asians (ASEA). Today's modern Han Chinese c... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese | 313 | 1,622 | null |
This has also engendered the emergence and evolution of the diverse multiplicity of assorted Han subgroups found throughout the various regions of modern China today. Comparisons between the Y chromosome single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of modern Northern Han Chinese and 3000 year ol... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese | 314 | 1,479 | null |
In modern China, haplogroup Q-M120 can be found in the northern and eastern regions. Other Y-DNA haplogroups that have been found with notable frequency in samples of Han Chinese include O-P203 (15/165 = 9.1%, 217/2091 = 10.38%, 47/361 = 13.0%), C-M217 (10/168 = 6.0%, 27/361 = 7.5%, 176/2091 = 8.42%, 187/1730 = 10.8%, ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese | 306 | 613 | null |
Other Y-DNA haplogroups that have been found with notable frequency in samples of Han Chinese include O-P203 (15/165 = 9.1%, 217/2091 = 10.38%, 47/361 = 13.0%), C-M217 (10/168 = 6.0%, 27/361 = 7.5%, 176/2091 = 8.42%, 187/1730 = 10.8%, 20/166 = 12.0%), N-M231 (6/166 = 3.6%, 94/2091 = 4.50%, 18/361 = 5.0%, 117/1729 = 6.8... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese | 348 | 842 | null |
However, the mtDNA of Han Chinese increases in diversity as one looks from Northern to Southern China, which suggests that the influx of male Han Chinese migrants intermarried with the local female non-Han aborigines after arriving in what is now modern-day Guangdong, Fujian, and other regions of Southern China. Despit... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese | 330 | 1,611 | null |
Section: Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese > Autosomal DNA. A 2018 study calculated pairwise FST (a measure of genetic difference) based on genome-wide SNPs, among the Han Chinese (Northern Han from Beijing and Southern Han from Hunan, Jiangsu and Fujian provinces), Japanese and Korean populations sampled. It... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese > Autosomal DNA | 326 | 1,404 | null |
Another study shows that the Northern and Southern Han Chinese are genetically close to each other and it finds that the genetic characteristics of present-day Northern Han Chinese were already formed prior to three thousand years ago in the Central Plain area. A recent genetic study on the remains of people (~4,000 ye... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese > Autosomal DNA | 328 | 1,576 | null |
These genetic observations are in line with historical records of continuous and large migratory waves of Northern China inhabitants escaping warfare and famine, to Southern China. Aside from these large migratory waves, other smaller southward migrations occurred during almost all periods in the past two millennia. A ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese > Autosomal DNA | 275 | 1,412 | null |
Section: Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese > Paternal lineages. The major haplogroups of Han Chinese belong to subclades of Haplogroup O-M175. Y-chromosome O2-M122 is a common DNA marker in Han Chinese, as it appeared in China in prehistoric times, and is found in approximately 50% of Chinese males, with freq... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese > Paternal lineages | 235 | 746 | null |
Section: Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese > Maternal lineages. The mitochondrial-DNA haplogroups of the Han Chinese can be classified into the Northern East Asian-dominating haplogroups, including A, C, D, G, M8, M9, and Z, and the Southern East Asian-dominating haplogroups, including B, F, M7, N*, and R. Th... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Han Chinese > Maternal lineages | 260 | 872 | null |
Section: Studies on modern populations > Tibetans. The origin of the Tibetans can be traced back to inhabitants of the Tibetan Plateau around 40,000–30,000 years ago, who were characterized by "Basal Asian" Xingyi ancestry, as well as to Neolithic farmers with Yellow River ancestry who migrated to the region from North... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Tibetans | 169 | 816 | null |
Section: Studies on modern populations > Turkic peoples. Linguistic and genetic evidence strongly suggests an early presence of Turkic peoples in eastern Mongolia. The genetic evidence suggests that the Turkification of Central Asia was carried out by East Asian dominant minorities migrating out of Mongolia. Genetic da... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Turkic peoples | 185 | 1,013 | null |
Section: Studies on modern populations > Turkic peoples > Paternal lineages. Common Y-DNA haplogroups in Turkic peoples are Haplogroup N-M231 (found with especially high frequency among Turkic peoples living in present-day Russia, especially among Siberian Tatars, as Zabolotnie Tatars have one of the highest frequencie... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Turkic peoples > Paternal lineages | 196 | 800 | null |
Common Y-DNA haplogroups in Turkic peoples are Haplogroup N-M231 (found with especially high frequency among Turkic peoples living in present-day Russia, especially among Siberian Tatars, as Zabolotnie Tatars have one of the highest frequencies of this haplogroup, second only to Samoyedic Nganasans ), Haplogroup C-M217... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Studies on modern populations > Turkic peoples > Paternal lineages | 356 | 1,360 | null |
Section: Relationship to other Asia-Pacific and Native American populations > Central Asians. The oldest modern human genome found in Central Asia belongs to the deeply East Eurasian IUP-affiliated Ust'Ishim man. The population affiliated with this specimen is inferred to have not contributed to modern human population... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Relationship to other Asia-Pacific and Native American populations > Central Asians | 305 | 1,490 | null |
Section: Relationship to other Asia-Pacific and Native American populations > South Asians. The genetic makeup of modern South Asians can be described as a combination of West Eurasian ancestries with divergent East Eurasian ancestries. The latter primarily include an indigenous South Asian component (termed Ancient An... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Relationship to other Asia-Pacific and Native American populations > South Asians | 343 | 1,820 | null |
Section: Relationship to other Asia-Pacific and Native American populations > Southeast Asians. Southeast Asians represent one of the most closely related groups to East Asians, with both being referred to as East/Southeast Asian. While East Asians primarily derive from both ANEA and ASEA components, Southeast Asians d... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Relationship to other Asia-Pacific and Native American populations > Southeast Asians | 316 | 1,478 | null |
Section: Relationship to other Asia-Pacific and Native American populations > Australasians. Melanesians and Aboriginal Australians are deeply related to East Asians. Genetic studies have revealed that Australasians descended from the same Eastern Eurasian source population as East Asians and indigenous South Asians (A... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of East Asians - Relationship to other Asia-Pacific and Native American populations > Australasians | 160 | 732 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2012 study of Ramesses III. In 2012, two mummies of two 20th dynasty individuals, Ramesses III and "Unknown Man E" believed to be Ramesses III's son Pentawer, were analyzed by Albert Zink, Yehia Z Gad, and a team of researchers under Zahi Hawass. Genetic kinship analyses ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2012 study of Ramesses III | 184 | 722 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2017 DNA study of Mummies at Abusir el-Meleq. A study published in 2017 by Schuenemann et al. extracted DNA from 151 Egyptian mummies, whose remains were recovered from Abusir el-Meleq in Middle Egypt. The samples are from the time periods: Late New Kingdom, Ptolemaic, an... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2017 DNA study of Mummies at Abusir el-Meleq | 339 | 1,494 | null |
The researchers cautioned that the examined ancient Egyptian specimens may not be representative of those of all ancient Egyptians since they were from a single archaeological site from the northern part of Egypt. The analyses revealed that Ancient Egyptians had higher affinities with Near Eastern and European populati... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2017 DNA study of Mummies at Abusir el-Meleq | 334 | 1,782 | null |
study as a mixed, relatively isolated, demographically small but autochthonous population, were already known from that study to have a relatively high sub-Saharan African component, which is more than 11% higher than the African component in the 100 modern Egyptian samples. Verena Schuenemann and the authors of this s... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2017 DNA study of Mummies at Abusir el-Meleq | 170 | 864 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2017 DNA study of Mummies at Abusir el-Meleq > Responses to the 2017 DNA study. The 2017 study has generated academic responses from scholars from other related disciplines, remarking on the conclusions of the study from a multi-disciplinary approach. In 2020, Stuart Tyso... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2017 DNA study of Mummies at Abusir el-Meleq > Responses to the 2017 DNA study | 344 | 1,720 | null |
Particularly, he raised issues with the comparative samples from West Africa as a proxy group and generalisations about geographical Egypt and population origins from the sample results. He also drew attention to the fact that the authors draw inference on migrations in line with their Bayesian statistical approach rat... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2017 DNA study of Mummies at Abusir el-Meleq > Responses to the 2017 DNA study | 284 | 1,500 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2017 DNA study of Mummies at Abusir el-Meleq > Later findings. A 2020 study was conducted on ancient samples from Lebanon. Two individuals who lived in Lebanon around 500 BCE did not cluster with their contemporary Lebanese population. The study used the same Egyptian sam... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2017 DNA study of Mummies at Abusir el-Meleq > Later findings | 187 | 937 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2018 study of Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht. The tomb of two high-status Egyptians, Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht, was discovered by Egyptian workmen directed by Sir William Flinders Petrie and Ernest Mackay in 1907. Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht lived during the 12th Dynasty (198... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2018 study of Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht | 247 | 1,035 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2018 study of Djehutynakht. In 2018 the mummified head of Djehutynakht was analysed for mitochondrial DNA. Djehutynakht was the nomarch of the Hare nome in Upper Egypt during the 11th or 12th Dynasty in the early Middle Kingdom period, c. 2000 BC. Two laboratories indepen... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2018 study of Djehutynakht | 332 | 1,258 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2020 study on two Egyptian child mummies. A study on male child mummies from the Greco-Roman period originating in the Memphite or Luxor area, revealed that the mtDNA for one was T2c1a and the other HV. Identical or phylogenetically close derivatives of these lineages are... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2020 study on two Egyptian child mummies | 154 | 715 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2020 study of Tutankhamun and other mummies of the 18th Dynasty. A 2020 study by Gad, Hawass, et al. analysed mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal haplogroups from Tutankhamun's family members of the 18th Dynasty, using comprehensive control procedures to ensure quality result... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2020 study of Tutankhamun and other mummies of the 18th Dynasty | 316 | 1,204 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2020 study of Takabuti. In 2020 the mummy of Takabuti was tested for mitochondrial DNA. Takabuti was a noblewoman from Thebes in Upper Egypt who lived during the 25th Dynasty, c. 660 BC. Analysis of her DNA revealed that she belonged to the mtDNA haplogroup H4a1. The stud... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2020 study of Takabuti | 170 | 683 | null |
Section: Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2020 study of mummies at the Kurchatov Institute. In 2020, three mummies, dating from the 1st millennium BCE, from the Pushkin Museum of Arts collection were tested at the Kurchatov Institute of Moscow for their mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal haplogroups. One of the mumm... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of Egypt - Genetic studies on ancient Egyptians > 2020 study of mummies at the Kurchatov Institute | 203 | 780 | null |
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