text stringlengths 14 4.79k | source stringlengths 13 304 | tokens float64 75 1.06k ⌀ | char_length float64 106 4.79k ⌀ | article_title stringlengths 16 300 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(2018) and argued instead that the Iberomaurusian population of Upper Paleolithic North Africa, represented by the Taforalt sample, can be better modeled as an admixture between a Dzudzuana-like [West-Eurasian] component and an "Ancient North African" component, "that may represent an even earlier split than the Basal ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Epi-Paleolithic | 198 | 831 | null |
Section: Levant > Chalcolithic and Bronze Age periods. A 2018 study analyzed 22 out of the 600 people who were buried in Peki'in cave from the Chalcolithic Period, and found out these individuals harbored both local Levantine as well as Anatolian and Zagros-related ancestries. This group has peculiar phenotypical chara... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Chalcolithic and Bronze Age periods | 301 | 1,343 | null |
Section: Levant > Canaanites and Phoenicians. Zalloua and Wells (2004), under the auspices of a grant from National Geographic Magazine, examined the origins of the Canaanite Phoenicians. The debate between Wells and Zalloua was whether haplogroup J2 (M172) should be identified as that of the Phoenicians or that of its... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Canaanites and Phoenicians | 226 | 935 | null |
Section: Levant > Cyprus. A 2016 study on 600 Cypriot males asserts that "genome-wide studies indicate that the genetic affinity of Cyprus is nearest to current populations of the Levant". Analyses of Cypriot haplogroup data are consistent with two stages of prehistoric settlement. E-V13 and E-M34 are widespread, and P... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Cyprus | 313 | 1,510 | null |
According to genetic studies, there are close connections between modern Anatolian and Cypriot populations. A 2016 study, which focused on patrilineal ancestry, found that among the sampled Near Eastern and Southeastern European populations, Turkish Cypriots had the shortest genetic distances with those from Cyprus, Tu... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Cyprus | 342 | 1,623 | null |
The study states that the genetic affinity between Calabrians and Cypriots can be explained as a result of a common ancient Greek (Achaean) genetic contribution, while Lebanese affinity can be explained through several migrations that took place from coastal Levant to Cyprus from the Neolithic (early farmers), the Iron... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Cyprus | 173 | 763 | null |
Section: Levant > Israel and Palestine. A study published by the National Academy of Sciences found that "the paternal gene pools of Jewish communities from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East descended from a common Middle Eastern ancestral population", and suggested that "most Jewish communities have remained r... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Israel and Palestine | 333 | 1,591 | null |
A 2015 study by Verónica Fernandes and others concluded that Palestinians have a "primarily indigenous origin". A 2020 study on human remains from Middle Bronze Age Canaanite (2100–1550 BC) populations suggests a significant degree of genetic continuity in Arabic-speaking Levantine populations (such as Palestinians, Dr... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Israel and Palestine | 339 | 1,463 | null |
The study sample consisted of 44 Palestinian Christians and 119 Palestinian Muslims. In 2004, a team of geneticists from Stanford University, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Tartu University (Estonia), Barzilai Medical Center (Ashkelon, Israel), and the Assaf Harofeh Medical Center (Zerifin, Israel), studied the mo... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Israel and Palestine | 314 | 1,324 | null |
Section: Levant > Lebanon. In a 2011 genetic study which analyzed the male-line Y-chromosome genetics of the different religious groups of Lebanon, revealed no noticeable or significant genetic differentiation between the Maronites, Greek Orthodox Christians, Greek Catholic Christians, Sunni Muslims, Shia Muslims, and ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Lebanon | 333 | 1,680 | null |
Geneticist Chris Tyler-Smith and his colleagues at the Sanger Institute in Britain compared "sampled ancient DNA from five Canaanite people who lived 3,750 and 3,650 years ago" to modern people; the comparison revealed that 93 percent of the genetic ancestry of people in Lebanon come from the Canaanites, and the other ... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Levant > Lebanon | 318 | 1,551 | null |
Section: Turkey. Turkish genomic variation, along with several other Western Asian populations, looks most similar to genomic variation of South European populations such as southern Italians. Data from ancient DNA – covering the Paleolithic, the Neolithic, and the Bronze Age periods – showed that Western Asian genomes... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Turkey | 346 | 1,825 | null |
Another study in 2021, which looked at whole-genomes and whole-exomes of 3,362 unrelated Turkish samples, resulted in establishing the first Turkish variome. The study found mixing between peoples from the Caucasus, Middle East, and Southeast Europe and other parts of Europe in line with the history of Turkey. Moreover... | Wikipedia - Genetic history of the Middle East - Turkey | 289 | 1,551 | null |
Section: Origins. The first Austronesians reached the Philippines at around 2200 BC, settling the Batanes Islands and northern Luzon. From there, they rapidly spread downwards to the rest of the islands of the Philippines and Southeast Asia, as well as voyaging further east to reach the Northern Mariana Islands by arou... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Origins | 348 | 1,741 | null |
The researchers further pointed out that while humans have been living in Sundaland for at least 40,000 years, the Austronesian people were recent arrivals. The results of the 2008 study failed to take into account admixture with the more ancient but unrelated Negrito and Papuan populations. A 2021 study states that th... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Origins | 347 | 1,601 | null |
Section: Y-DNA haplogroups. The most frequently occurring Y-DNA haplogroups among modern Filipinos are haplogroup O1a-M119, which has been found with maximal frequency among the indigenous peoples of Nias, the Mentawai Islands, northern Luzon, the Batanes, and Taiwan, and Haplogroup O2-M122, which is found with high fr... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Y-DNA haplogroups | 260 | 828 | null |
2014 found O2a2b-P164(xO2a2b1-M134) in 26/146 = 17.8% of a pool of samples of Filipinos (4/8 = 50% Mindanao, 7/31 = 22.6% Visayas, 10/55 = 18.2% South Luzon, 1/6 = 17% North Luzon, 2/22 = 9.1% unknown Philippines, 2/24 = 8.3% Ivatan). The distributions of other subclades of O2-M122 in the Philippines were sporadic, but... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Y-DNA haplogroups | 301 | 808 | null |
In a study by Delfin et al. (2011), 21.1% (8/38) of a sample of highlanders of northern Luzon (17 Bugkalot, 12 Kalanguya, 6 Kankanaey, 2 Ibaloi, and 1 Ifugao) were found to belong to haplogroup O2a2a1a2-M7, which is outside of the O2a2b-P164 clade and is uncommon among Austronesian-speaking populations, being rather fr... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Y-DNA haplogroups | 320 | 956 | null |
Section: Y-DNA haplogroups > Haplogroups R-M343 and I-M253. After the 16th century, the colonial period saw the influx of genetic influence from other populations. This is evidenced by the presence of a small percentage of the Y-DNA Haplogroup R1b (R-M343) present among the population of the Philippines. DNA studies va... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Y-DNA haplogroups > Haplogroups R-M343 and I-M253 | 347 | 1,521 | null |
Therefore implying that the mostly native majority population of the Philippines, still posses Spanish admixture in their genetics in minor percentages per person. The analysis of the full autosomal genome of 1,082 individuals from the Philippines has shown that "in contrast to several other Spanish-colonized regions, ... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Y-DNA haplogroups > Haplogroups R-M343 and I-M253 | 152 | 712 | null |
Section: Anthropology > Craniometry. Scientist, Matthew C. Go, in a Trihybrid Ancestry Variation Analysis approach to Admixture in Filipinos, published a study wherein it was discovered that upon exhuming the remains around the public cemetery of the "Manila North Cemetery" as well as other public cemeteries across the... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Anthropology > Craniometry | 333 | 1,598 | null |
However, this is only according to an interpretation of the data wherein the reference groups, which were attributed to the Filipino samples; for the Hispanic category, were Mexican-Americans, and the reference groups for the European, African, and Indigenous American, categories, were: White Americans, Black Americans... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Anthropology > Craniometry | 248 | 1,212 | null |
Go, published on year 2020, while analyzing Historic and Modern samples of skeletons in the Philippines, paint a different picture, in that, when the reference group for "Asian" was Thailand (Southeast Asians) rather than Chinese, Japanese, and Vietnamese; and the reference group for "Hispanic" were Colombians (South A... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Anthropology > Craniometry | 238 | 1,152 | null |
Section: Anthropology > Population Data > Mexican Filipinos. Of the Mexican ancestry in Filipinos, there are records to distill their general number, according to Stephanie Mawson in her M.Phil thesis entitled Between Loyalty and Disobedience: The Limits of Spanish Domination in the Seventeenth Century Pacific, in the ... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Anthropology > Population Data > Mexican Filipinos | 299 | 1,440 | null |
Section: Anthropology > Population Data > Spanish Filipinos. In 1799, Friar Manuel Buzeta estimated the population of all the Philippine islands as 1,502,574. Despite the number of Mixed Spanish-Filipino descent being the lowest, they may be more common than expected as many Spaniards often had Filipino concubines and ... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Anthropology > Population Data > Spanish Filipinos | 333 | 1,208 | null |
Despite the number of Mixed Spanish-Filipino descent being the lowest, they may be more common than expected as many Spaniards often had Filipino concubines and mistresses and they frequently produced children out of wedlock.: 272 In the late 1700s to early 1800s, Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, an Agustinian Friar, in his... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Anthropology > Population Data > Spanish Filipinos | 368 | 1,381 | null |
Section: Anthropology > Population Data > Chinese Filipinos. Meanwhile, government records show that 1.35 Million pure-bred Chinese live in the Philippines and 20% of the Philippines' total population were either half Chinese or mixed Chinese-Filipinos. In the 1860s to 1890s, in the urban areas of the Philippines, espe... | Wikipedia - Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos - Anthropology > Population Data > Chinese Filipinos | 201 | 1,003 | null |
Section: Y-DNA chromosomes. The most common Y-DNA haplogroups among Russians (n=1228) are: Haplogroup R1a – with an average of 46.7% Haplogroup N – with an average of 21.6% Haplogroup I – with an average of 17.6% Haplogroup R1b – with an average of 5.8% 8.3% others Haplogroup R1a has been associated with Balto-Slavic s... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Russians - Y-DNA chromosomes | 300 | 1,023 | null |
Section: Autosomal DNA. Autosomally, European Russians can be subdivided into at least two groups: central–southern and northern Russians. Russians from Tver, Murom, and Kursk were found to be more similar to populations from central-eastern Europe, especially other Eastern Slavs, but distinct from Russians in the Meze... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Russians - Autosomal DNA | 322 | 1,489 | null |
Article: Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia. Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia is the study of the genetics and archaeogenetics of the ethnic groups of South Asia. It aims at uncovering these groups' genetic histories. The geographic position of the Indian subcontinent makes its biodiversity important ... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Summary | 297 | 1,530 | null |
The proposed AASI type ancestry is closest to the non-West Eurasian part, termed S-component, extracted from South Asian samples, especially those from the Irula tribe, and is generally found throughout all South Asian ethnic groups in varying degrees. The West Eurasian ancestry, which is closely related to Mesolithic ... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Summary | 348 | 1,705 | null |
Section: Overview. Modern South Asians are descendants of a combination of Western Eurasian ancestries (notably "Iran Neolithic Farmers" and "Western Steppe Herder" components) with an indigenous East Eurasian component (termed Ancient Ancestral South Indians, short "AASI") closest to the non–West Eurasian part extract... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Overview | 323 | 1,534 | null |
Shinde et al. 2019 noted that both Andamanese Onge or East Siberian groups can be used as proxy for the non-West Eurasian-related component in the "qpAdm" admixture-modelling of an IVC-related individual (labelled "I6113") because both populations "have the same phylogenetic relationship to the non-West Eurasian-relate... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Overview | 336 | 1,502 | null |
This type of ancestry forms the major source of the South Asian gene pool, and may be associated with the spread of Dravidian languages. Genetic data suggests that the specific Ancient Iranian-related lineage, diverged from Neolithic Iranian plateau lineages more than 10,000 years ago. According to an international res... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Overview | 319 | 1,635 | null |
Certain communities and caste groups from the northern Indian subcontinent display a peak of Western Steppe Herders ancestry at similar amounts as Northern Europeans. An East Asian-related ancestry component forms the major ancestry among Tibeto-Burmese and Khasi an speakers in the Himalayan foothills and Northeast Ind... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Overview | 345 | 1,589 | null |
The major paternal lineages of South Asians are represented by the West Eurasian-affiliated haplogroups R1a1, R2, H, L and J2. A minority belongs to the East Eurasian-affiliated Haplogroup O-M175. O-M175 is mainly restricted to Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burmese speakers, and also common among East and Southeast Asians, ... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Overview | 297 | 1,206 | null |
Section: mtDNA > Macrohaplogroup M. The macrohaplogroup M, which is considered as a cluster of the proto-Asian maternal lineages, represents more than 60% of South Asian MtDNA. The M macrohaplotype in India includes many subgroups that differ profoundly from other sublineages in East Asia especially Mongoloid populatio... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - mtDNA > Macrohaplogroup M | 285 | 1,331 | null |
Section: Y chromosome > Haplogroup H. Haplogroup H (Y-DNA) is found at a high frequency in South Asia and is considered to represent the major paternal lineage. H is today rarely found outside of South Asia, but is common among South Asian-descended populations, such as the Romanis, particularly the H-M82 subgroup. H w... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome > Haplogroup H | 259 | 1,121 | null |
Section: Y chromosome > Haplogroup J2. Haplogroup J2 has been present in South Asia mostly as J2a-M410 and J2b-M102, since Neolithic times (9500 YBP). J2 clades attain peak frequencies in the North-West and South India and is found at 19% within South Indian castes, 11% in North Indian castes and 12% in Pakistan. In So... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome > Haplogroup J2 | 317 | 1,058 | null |
Haplogroup J-P209 was found to be more common in India's Shia Muslims, of which 28.7% belong to haplogroup J, with 13.7% in J-M410, 10.6% in J-M267 and 4.4% in J2b. In Pakistan, the highest frequencies of J2-M172 were observed among the Parsis at 38.89%, the Dravidian-speaking Brahuis at 28.18% and the Makrani Balochs ... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome > Haplogroup J2 | 193 | 576 | null |
Section: Y chromosome > Haplogroup L. According to Dr. Spencer Wells, L-M20 originated either in India or the Middle East, among the K-M9 descendants that migrated southwards from the Pamir Knot, and reached India c. 30,000 years ago. Other studies have proposed either a West Asian or South Asian origin for L-M20 and a... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome > Haplogroup L | 183 | 655 | null |
Section: Y chromosome > Haplogroup L > India. Haplogroup L shows time of Neolithic expansion. The clade is present in the Indian population at an overall frequency of c. 7–15%. Haplogroup L has a higher frequency among south Indian castes (c. 17–19%) and reaches 68% in some castes in Karnataka but is somewhat rarer in ... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome > Haplogroup L > India | 196 | 669 | null |
Section: Y chromosome > Haplogroup L > Pakistan. In Pakistan, L1-M76 and L3-M357 subclades of L-M20 reach overall frequencies of 5.1% and 6.8%, respectively. Haplogroup L3 (M357) is found frequently among Burusho (approx. 12%) and Pashtuns (approx. 7%). Its highest frequency can be found in south western Balochistan pr... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome > Haplogroup L > Pakistan | 155 | 552 | null |
Section: Y chromosome > Haplogroup R1a1. In South Asia, R1a1 has been observed often with high frequency in a number of demographic groups, as well as with highest STR diversity which lead some to see it as the locus of origin. While R1a originated c. 22,000 to 25,000 years ago, its subclade M417 (R1a1a1) diversified c... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome > Haplogroup R1a1 | 175 | 653 | null |
Section: Y chromosome > Haplogroup R1a1 > India. In India, a high percentage of this haplogroup is observed in West Bengal Brahmins (72%) to the east, Gujarat Lohanas (60%) to the west, Khatris (67%) in the north, and Karnataka Medars (39%) in the south. It has also been found in several South Indian Dravidian-speaking... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome > Haplogroup R1a1 > India | 183 | 705 | null |
Section: Y chromosome > Haplogroup R2 > India. Among regional groups, it is found among West Bengalis (23%), New Delhi Hindus (20%), Punjabis (5%) and Gujaratis (3%). Among tribal groups, the Karmali tribe of West Bengal showed highest at 100% followed by Lodhas (43%) to the east, while Bhil of Gujarat in the west were... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome > Haplogroup R2 > India | 308 | 1,018 | null |
Section: Y chromosome > Haplogroup O. Haplogroup O1 (O-F265) and O2 (O-M122), the primary branches of Haplogroup O-M175 are very common among the Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burmese speaking populations of South Asia respectively. Haplogroup O-M95, a subclade of O1-F265, is mainly restricted in Austroasiatic-speaking grou... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome > Haplogroup O | 316 | 1,149 | null |
Haplogroup O-M122, believed to have originated in Southern China shows very high percentages. It is found at 86.6% among Tamangs of Nepal, with similarly high frequencies, 75% to 85%, among the northeastern Indian Tibeto-Burman groups, including Adi, Naga, Apatani, Nyishi, Kachari and Rabha. In Northeast India, Baric s... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Y chromosome > Haplogroup O | 181 | 769 | null |
Section: Reconstructing South Asian population history > mtDNA variation. Most of the studies based on mtDNA variation have reported genetic unity of South Asian populations across language, caste and tribal groups. It is likely that haplogroup M was brought to Asia from East Africa along the southern route by earliest... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > mtDNA variation | 197 | 965 | null |
Section: Reconstructing South Asian population history > Y Chromosome variation. Conclusions based on Y Chromosome variation have been more varied than those based on mtDNA variation. While Kivisild et al. proposes an ancient and shared genetic heritage of male lineages in South Asia, Bamshad et al. (2001) suggests an ... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Y Chromosome variation | 343 | 1,705 | null |
Section: Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > AASI-ANI-ASI. Results of studies based upon autosomal DNA variation have also been varied. In a major study (2009) using over 500,000 biallelic autosomal markers, Reich hypothesized that the modern South Asian population was the result o... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > AASI-ANI-ASI | 328 | 1,441 | null |
According to Reich et al., both ANI and ASI ancestry are found all over the subcontinent (in both northern and southern India) in varying proportions, and that "ANI ancestry ranges from 39–71% in India, and is higher in traditionally upper caste and Indo-European speakers." According to Gallego Romero et al. (2011), th... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > AASI-ANI-ASI | 324 | 1,544 | null |
The study concluded that "almost all groups speaking Indo-European or Dravidian languages lie along a gradient of varying relatedness to West-Eurasians in PCA (referred to as "Indian cline")". A 2013 study by Chaubey using the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), shows that the genome of Andamanese people (Onge) is cl... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > AASI-ANI-ASI | 341 | 1,448 | null |
Basu et al. (2003) suggests that "Dravidian speakers were possibly widespread throughout India before the arrival of the Indo-European-speaking nomads" and that "formation of populations by fission that resulted in founder and drift effects have left their imprints on the genetic structures of contemporary populations"... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > AASI-ANI-ASI | 330 | 1,801 | null |
2015 detected a distinctive East Asian ancestral component, mainly restricted to specific populations in the foothills of Himalaya and northeastern part of India. Highest frequency of the component is observed among the Tibeto-Burmese speaking groups of northeast India and was also detected in Andamanese populations at... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > AASI-ANI-ASI | 349 | 1,564 | null |
Lazaridis et al. further notes that "A useful direction of future research is a more comprehensive sampling of ancient DNA from steppe populations, as well as populations of central Asia (east of Iran and south of the steppe), which may reveal more proximate sources of the ANI than the ones considered here, and of Sout... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > AASI-ANI-ASI | 323 | 1,489 | null |
He adds that ASI were unlikely the local hunter-gatherers of South Asia as previously established, but a population responsible for spreading agriculture throughout South Asia. In the case of the ANI, the Iranian farmer ancestry is 50%, with the rest being from steppe groups related to the Yamnaya. Narasimhan et al. (2... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > AASI-ANI-ASI | 300 | 1,312 | null |
Narasimhan et al. observe that samples from the Indus periphery group are always mixes of the same two proximal sources of AASI and Iranian agriculturalist-related ancestry; with "one of the Indus Periphery individuals having ~42% AASI ancestry and the other two individuals having ~14–18% AASI ancestry" (with the remai... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > AASI-ANI-ASI | 312 | 1,431 | null |
This component (when represented by the Andamanese Onge) was not detected in the northern Indian Gujarati samples, and hence they assumed that the South Indian tribal Paniya people (a group of predominantly ASI ancestry) would serve as a better source for the component in modern South Asians. However, unlike the Paniya... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > AASI-ANI-ASI | 341 | 1,591 | null |
Section: Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > Genetic distance between caste groups and tribes. Studies by Watkins et al. (2005) and Kivisild et al. (2003) based on autosomal markers conclude that Indian caste and tribal populations have a common ancestry. Reddy et al. (2005) found ... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > Genetic distance between caste groups and tribes | 314 | 1,793 | null |
According to the researchers, South Asia harbours two major ancestral components, one of which is spread at comparable frequency and genetic diversity in populations of Central Asia, West Asia and Europe; the other component is more restricted to South Asia. However, if one were to rule out the possibility of a large-s... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > Genetic distance between caste groups and tribes | 349 | 1,701 | null |
2018 further found that the Austroasiatic source clad (proportion 35%) in Munda tribals was inferred to be closest to Mlabri. Singh et al. 2020 similarly found Austroasiatic speakers in South Asia fall out of the South Asian cline due to their Southeast Asian genetic affinity. Origin of caste endogamy in India Tournebi... | Wikipedia - Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia - Reconstructing South Asian population history > Autosomal DNA variation > Genetic distance between caste groups and tribes | 195 | 901 | null |
Article: Genetic studies on Turkish people. Population genetics research has been conducted on the ancestry of the modern Turkish people (not to be confused with Turkic peoples) in Turkey. Such studies are relevant for the demographic history of the population as well as health reasons, such as population specific dise... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Turkish people - Summary | 277 | 1,532 | null |
Section: Central Asian geneflow. Several studies have investigated to what extent a gene flow from Central Asia to Anatolia contributed to the gene pool of the Turkish people and the role of the 11th-century settlement by Oghuz Turks. Central Asia is home to numerous populations that "demonstrate an array of mixed anth... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Turkish people - Central Asian geneflow | 300 | 1,591 | null |
A 2003 study found that some Xiongnu remains from Mongolia had paternal and maternal genetic lineages that have also been found in people from modern-day Turkey. Most (89%) of the Xiongnu sequences in this study belonged to Asian maternal haplogroups, however other studies have shown a significantly higher frequency of... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Turkish people - Central Asian geneflow | 316 | 1,668 | null |
A 2004 high-resolution SNP analysis of Y-chromosomal DNA in samples collected from blood banks, sperm banks, and university students in eight regions of Turkey found evidence for a weak but detectable signal (<9%) of recent paternal gene flow from Central Asia. A 2006 study concluded that the true Central Asian contrib... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Turkish people - Central Asian geneflow | 339 | 1,787 | null |
Section: Haplogroup distributions. A 2021 study which looked at whole genomes and whole-exomes of 3,362 Turkish people found that the most common Y chromosome haplogroups were J2a, R1b, and R1a (18.4%, 14.9%, and 12.1% respectively). Haplogroups C-M130 and O3 ranged from 8.5% to 15.6%. Most common mtDNA haplogroups wer... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Turkish people - Haplogroup distributions | 341 | 1,073 | null |
J2 is also found in Central Asia, a notably high frequency (30.4%) being observed among Uzbeks. The main percentages of Y chromosome haplogroups identified in the 2004 study were as follows: J2: 24%. J2 (M172) may reflect the spread of Anatolian farmers. J2-M172 is "mainly confined to the Mediterranean coastal areas, s... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Turkish people - Haplogroup distributions | 302 | 1,110 | null |
Haplogroup E-M123 is found in both Africa and Eurasia. J1: 9% R1a: 6.9% I: 5.3% K: 4.5% L: 4.2% N: 3.8% T: 2.5% Q: 1.9% C: 1.3% R2: 0.96% Other markers that occurred in less than 1% are H, A, E3a, O, and R1*. A 2011 study took into account oral histories and historical records. The researchers went to four settlements ... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Turkish people - Haplogroup distributions | 305 | 1,097 | null |
Section: Whole genome sequencing. A whole-genome sequencing study of Turkish genetics, conducted on 16 individuals, concluded that the Turkish population forms a cluster with Southern European and Mediterranean populations and that the predicted contribution from ancestral East Asian populations is 21.7% (presumably re... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Turkish people - Whole genome sequencing | 333 | 1,717 | null |
Section: Other studies. A 2001 study that looked at HLA alleles suggested that "Turks, Kurds, Armenians, Iranians, Jews, Lebanese and other (Eastern and Western) Mediterranean groups seem to share a common ancestry" and that historical populations such as Anatolian Hittite and Hurrian groups (older than 2000 B.C.) "may... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Turkish people - Other studies | 237 | 1,178 | null |
A study in 2015, however, wrote, "Previous genetic studies have generally used Turks as representatives of ancient Anatolians. Our results show that Turks are genetically shifted towards Central Asians, a pattern consistent with a history of mixture with populations from this region." The authors found "7.9% (±0.4) Eas... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Turkish people - Other studies | 309 | 1,413 | null |
However, results may reflect either previous population movements (such as migration and admixture) or genetic drift. The Turkish samples were closest to the Adygei population (Circassians) from the Caucasus; other sampled groups included European (French, Italian), Middle Eastern (Druze, Palestinian), and Central (Kyr... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Turkish people - Other studies | 339 | 1,602 | null |
Another 2019 study found that Turkish people have the lowest fixation index distances with Caucasus population group and Iranian-Syrian group, as compared to East-Central European, European (including Northern and Eastern European), Sardinian, Roma, and Turkmen groups or populations. The Caucasus group in the study inc... | Wikipedia - Genetic studies on Turkish people - Other studies | 246 | 1,105 | null |
Article: Genetic policy of the United States. Genetic testing is the analysis of human genes, proteins, and certain metabolites, in order to detect inherited disease-related propensities. These tests can predict the risk of disease in adults, as well as establish prenatal and infant prognoses. The benefits can be subst... | Wikipedia - Genetic policy of the United States - Summary | 157 | 831 | null |
Section: Federal legislation. The first of two pieces of federal legislation to directly address the use of genetic information in the United States was the Executive Order Protecting Federal Employees. Signed into law by U.S. President Bill Clinton on February 8, 2000, the Executive Order prohibited all federal agenci... | Wikipedia - Genetic policy of the United States - Federal legislation | 346 | 1,882 | null |
Section: Anatolia, the Levant and Arabian Peninsula > Israel. Among 738 Jews in Israel 9.8% were found to be G. The G2a (P15+) types were in the majority, with G2b (formerly G2c) being the next most common type. Among the Gnostic Druze, G was found in 4% of 37 samples on the Golan Heights; in 14% of 183 samples in the ... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Anatolia, the Levant and Arabian Peninsula > Israel | 234 | 877 | null |
Section: Anatolia, the Levant and Arabian Peninsula > Turkey. Among 523 samples from Turkey in a 2004 study, 9.2% were G. The G1/G1a samples were found only among the northeastern Turkey samples. The single G2b* was found in Kars Province in the far northeast. Of the 9.2% G total, the G samples were found in each of th... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Anatolia, the Levant and Arabian Peninsula > Turkey | 349 | 1,018 | null |
In contrast, G2a (P15) but not G2a1 was found in 8% of Lake Van and 11% of Sasun men. Among 87 Kurmanji-speaking Kurds in southeastern Turkey in a 2005 study, 2.3% were found to be G. And among 27 Zazaki-speaking Kurds in the same area, 3.7% were G. A 2008 doctoral dissertation that sampled 140 men in four towns in cen... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Anatolia, the Levant and Arabian Peninsula > Turkey | 194 | 751 | null |
Section: Caucasus Mountains Region > Armenia. Among 100 samples taken in Armenia for a 2003 study, 11% were G. And a 2011 study. found 11% of 57 Armenian samples were G1 and 11% G2a. A 2012 study found that none of 206 Armenian samples were G2a1 (P16), but 2% of 110 men in the Ararat Valley in the west and 1% of 96 men... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Caucasus Mountains Region > Armenia | 177 | 641 | null |
Section: Caucasus Mountains Region > Georgia. Among 61 samples taken in Georgia (2001), 30% were G. Among 77 samples taken in Georgia (2003), 31% were G. Georgia has the highest percentage of G among the general population recorded in any country. Among 66 samples taken in Georgia (2009), 31.6% were G2a (P15+). Of this... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Caucasus Mountains Region > Georgia | 277 | 941 | null |
Section: Caucasus Mountains Region > Russian Federation (Caucasus Region). The G concentrations at Alagir and Digora represent the highest reported concentrations of G in any locale in the world. Though not stated in the 2004 studies, most of these were likely typical G2a1a type of G based on corresponding STR marker v... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Caucasus Mountains Region > Russian Federation (Caucasus Region) | 287 | 1,153 | null |
Since this study tested only G-M201 and G2a-P15, it is possible that this sub-clade may actually be G2a1-P16, since a number of the likely G haplotypes from Daghestan are actually G2a1-P16. He also reported that 12% (N=76) of the Kumyks tested were G – with that figure composed of 11% G2a (P15+) and 1% (1/76) listed as... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Caucasus Mountains Region > Russian Federation (Caucasus Region) | 226 | 680 | null |
Section: Asia > China. These percentages of G were found in the following number of samples from China in a 2006 study: (a) The Uyghurs who live primarily in far northwestern China 4.5% of 67. (b) The northern Han 2.3% of 44. (c) The southern Han 0% of 40. (d) Tibet 0% of 105. (e) The Zhuang who live in southern China ... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Asia > China | 332 | 1,208 | null |
A 2007 study that concentrated on the Mang of Yunnan Province in southern China found no G among 65 samples. Another 2007 study that sampled Tibet found 0% G among 156 samples A 2010 study of northwestern China found G (M201) in 2% of 41 Kazakhs; 2% of 31 Tajikes; and 2% of 23 Ozbeks. No G was found among Tu, Xibo, Mon... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Asia > China | 273 | 948 | null |
And among 62 Hui men from Ningxia in the north central area, 1.6% were G1 and 1.6% were G2a (P15) but not P16 or M286. No G at all found among Hui elsewhere or in Tibet (262 samples) or among the Xibe, Hazak, Evenks, Bulang, Wa, Jing, Dai, Zhuang, Dong, Mulao, Buyi, Li, Maonan, Shui, Gelao, Miao, Yao, She, Bai, Hani, J... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Asia > China | 175 | 537 | null |
Section: Asia > India. In 405 samples taken in India in a 2005 study, 1.5% were G. In a 2009 study covering mostly New Delhi and Andhra Pradesh 2% of 104 samples were G. In another study in 2008 that concentrated on southern Indian locations, less than 1% of 155 samples was G in Tamil Nadu, and the G percentage in Andh... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Asia > India | 343 | 1,412 | null |
In a 2010 study sampling 45 Cochin Jews from southern India, none were haplogroup G. The same study found 6.5% of 31 Bene Israel Jews from Mumbai were G. In the YHRD database, among 44 samples taken among the Afridi Pashtuns in Uttar Pradesh, northern India, 28 (64%) were found to belong to haplogroup G. In a 2010 stud... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Asia > India | 337 | 1,251 | null |
Section: Asia > Iran. Of 33 samples taken in northern Iran, 15.2% were G. Of these 5 samples, 4 were G2a (P15+). And 12.8% of 117 samples from the south of that country were G. In this latter location the percentage of G1 almost equaled the G2a percentage. The authors did not provide information about locations sampled... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Asia > Iran | 243 | 931 | null |
Section: Asia > Kazakhstan. Two Kazakh tribes are believed to have the highest levels of Haplogroup G in the world. This is striking partly because most Kazakh males fall into C3. A study of the Kazakh Madzhars (Madjars) in the Torgay area of Kazakhstan, 86.7% of 45 samples were G. This is the highest concentration of ... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Asia > Kazakhstan | 157 | 644 | null |
Section: Asia > Russian Federation [Asian portion]. In a 2006 study, in Russia among 98 Altai samples, 1% were G. The Altai or Altay are a Turkic group overlapping Mongolia and south central Russia. In this same study among the Buryats, a Mongol people who live principally just north of Mongolia, 1.2% of 81 samples wer... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Asia > Russian Federation [Asian portion] | 346 | 1,286 | null |
Section: Europe > Croatia. Among 89 samples taken in Croatia in a 2009 study, 1.1% were G2a (P15+). In this same study, 29 samples were taken separately in the far eastern city of Osijek, and 13.8% were G2a (P15+). The G2a samples were also tested for G2a3a (M406), and none was found. In another study from 2005, among ... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Europe > Croatia | 242 | 830 | null |
Section: Europe > France. In a 2003 study, in 23 samples taken somewhere in France (2003), 0% were G, but 11.8% of 34 samples on the island of Corsica were G. A 2011 study found that among 51 men in Provence southeastern France, 8% were G with none G2a3a (M406+) An approximation method based on use of STR markers from ... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Europe > France | 176 | 653 | null |
Section: Europe > Greece. In 76 samples taken somewhere in Greece (2003), 2.6% were G. In 77 samples taken somewhere in Greece (2007), 9.1% were G. In another study (2009) 3.3% of 92 Greek samples were G. This 3.3% was composed of 1.1% G2a3a (M406+) and the remainder other types of G2a. In a 2011 study, among 57 men at... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Europe > Greece | 285 | 899 | null |
Section: Europe > Italy. In a large 2007 study of 11 regions of peninsular Italy and Elba, 10.7% of 699 samples were G. The authors did not sample the northwestern Milan area and the high mountains of the central north. The Val Badia samples in the far northeast of Italy had an atypical low 3% of 34 samples. The other ... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Europe > Italy | 340 | 1,391 | null |
In another Sardinian study confined to towns in the northern sector of the island, 14% of 100 samples were all found to be G2a (P15+) based only on a probability calculation. The G2 category as represented by P15 became G2a in the period in which this study was conducted. The men were predicted just "G2" in the study. ... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Europe > Italy | 301 | 1,113 | null |
Section: Europe > Poland. Among 99 samples taken in Poland, 0% were found to be G. Additional information is available in the form of approximations based on the Polish STR-marker samples in the YHRD database. The G samples were identified using the Athey haplogroup predictor. Among 182 samples taken in the general pop... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Europe > Poland | 202 | 711 | null |
Section: Europe > Portugal. In 60 samples taken in northern Portugal in a 2008 study, 12% were found to be G, and 9% of 78 samples in the south of the country were G in a 2008 study. In a 2004 study, among 109 samples taken in northern Portugal, 7.3% were G. In a 2005 study, 5.5% of 657 Portuguese men at 18 locations w... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Europe > Portugal | 269 | 1,056 | null |
Section: Europe > Russian Federation [European portion]. In a 2008 study, 259 samples taken in three areas in the northernmost third of European Russia (ethnic Russians/Pomors), about 1% were G2a (P15+) and 0% G1. In 246 samples from three areas in the central third of European Russia about 1% were G, with more G1 men ... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Europe > Russian Federation [European portion] | 347 | 1,328 | null |
Section: Europe > Spain. Among 24 samples taken in the northeastern corner of Spain in a 2003 study, 8.3% were G. In a larger 2008 study covering about 600 mainland Spanish samples outside the Basque area, the average was about 5% G with the highest percentage recorded in Castilla-La Mancha (10%), and the lowest in par... | Wikipedia - Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country - Europe > Spain | 307 | 1,297 | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.