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Presence of fine grains of brown pigment (malarial pigment) or hematin probably derived from the haemoglobin of the infected red blood cell. Schizonts (also called meronts): As large as a normal red cell; thus the parasitized corpuscle becomes distended and larger than normal. There are about sixteen merozoites.Sexual ... | Wikipedia - Plasmodium vivax | null | null | null |
P. vivax gametocytes are commonly found in human peripheral blood at about the end of the first week of parasitemia. Gametes: Formed from gametocytes in mosquitoes. Zygote: Formed from combination of gametes Oocyst: Contains zygote, develops into sporozoites | Wikipedia - Plasmodium vivax | null | null | null |
Like all members of Lasiurus, the cinnamon red bat has four teats. This is unusual, as most female bats only have one pair of teats. Its breeding season is not well-studied, but several pregnant females have been documented in November and a juvenile was once captured at the end of February. Females have a typical litt... | Wikipedia - Cinnamon red bat | null | null | null |
Newborns in Lasiurus are born with their eyes closed; eyes open at 10–12 days old. It is a solitary species, though individuals may roost in small family groups.It is insectivorous, consuming prey such as moths and beetles. It has a fast flight with low maneuverability, and may take advantage of human development to hu... | Wikipedia - Cinnamon red bat | null | null | null |
While foraging, it uses three types of echolocation calls common to insectivorous bats: search, approach, and final buzz. As it searches for insects, it uses single-harmonic calls. The beginning of search-phase calls is frequency-modulated, followed by a near-constant frequency component. | Wikipedia - Cinnamon red bat | null | null | null |
These search calls have long durations and frequencies ranging from 52 – 33 kHz. Approach-phase calls are similar to search-phase calls, though occur closer together. The final feeding buzz consists of steep, downward frequency-modulated calls. Echolocation characteristics are influenced by environmental clutter. In mo... | Wikipedia - Cinnamon red bat | null | null | null |
Like all other ISDN basic rate interfaces, the U interface carries two B (bearer) channels at 64 kbit/s and one D (data) channel at 16 kbit/s for a combined bitrate of 144 kbit/s (2B+D). | Wikipedia - U interface | null | null | null |
Like all other insects, tsetse flies have an adult body comprising three visibly distinct parts: the head, the thorax, and the abdomen. The head has large eyes, distinctly separated on each side, and a distinct, forward-pointing proboscis attached underneath by a large bulb. The thorax is large, made of three fused seg... | Wikipedia - Tsetse flies | null | null | null |
The abdomen is short but wide and changes dramatically in volume during feeding. The internal anatomy of the tsetse is fairly typical of the insects; the crop is large enough to accommodate a huge increase in size during feeding, as tsetse can take a blood meal equal in weight to themselves. The dipteran crop is heavil... | Wikipedia - Tsetse flies | null | null | null |
The reproductive tract of adult females includes a uterus, which can become large enough to hold the third-instar larva at the end of each pregnancy. The article “Parasitic flies of domestic animals” has a diagram of the anatomy of dipteran flies. Most tsetse flies are, physically, very tough. Houseflies, and even hors... | Wikipedia - Tsetse flies | null | null | null |
Like all pythons, the Central African rock python is non-venomous and kills by constriction. After gripping the prey, the snake coils around it, tightening its coils every time the victim breathes out. Death is thought to be caused by cardiac arrest rather than by asphyxiation or crushing. The African rock python feeds... | Wikipedia - Central African rock python | null | null | null |
It will sometimes take fish as well. Occasionally, it may eat the cubs of big cats such as leopards, lions, and cheetahs, cubs of hyenas, and puppies of wild dogs such as jackals and Cape hunting dogs.. However, these encounters are very rare, as the adult cats can easily kill pythons or fend them off. On March 1, 2017... | Wikipedia - Central African rock python | null | null | null |
Like all tree squirrels, Pallas's squirrels are primarily herbivorous. They eat a wide range of different foods, and have differing diets in different parts of their broad range. However, primary foodstuffs include leaves, flowers, seeds, and fruit. They also eat small quantities of insects, as well as occasional bird ... | Wikipedia - Red-bellied tree squirrel | null | null | null |
Gestation lasts 47 to 49 days, and results in the birth of up to four young, with two being typical. The young leave the nest at 40 to 50 days old, and are sexually mature at one year of age. They have lived for up to 17 years in captivity. | Wikipedia - Red-bellied tree squirrel | null | null | null |
Like animals, land plants have specialized male and female gametes. In seed plants, male gametes are produced by reduced male gametophytes that are contained within hard coats, forming pollen. The female gametes of seed plants are contained within ovules. Once fertilized, these form seeds which, like eggs, contain the ... | Wikipedia - Sex | null | null | null |
The flowers of flowering plants contain their sexual organs. Flowers are usually hermaphroditic, containing both male and female sexual organs. | Wikipedia - Sex | null | null | null |
The female parts, in the center of a flower, are the pistils, each unit consisting of a carpel, a style and a stigma. Two or more of these reproductive units may be merged to form a single compound pistil, the fused carpels forming an ovary. Within the carpels are ovules which develop into seeds after fertilization. | Wikipedia - Sex | null | null | null |
The male parts of the flower are the stamens: these consist of long filaments arranged between the pistil and the petals that produce pollen in anthers at their tips. When a pollen grain lands upon the stigma on top of a carpel's style, it germinates to produce a pollen tube that grows down through the tissues of the s... | Wikipedia - Sex | null | null | null |
: 73, 74 In pines and other conifers, the sex organs are produced within cones that have male and female forms. Male cones are smaller than female ones and produce pollen, which is transported by wind to land in female cones. The larger and longer-lived female cones are typically more durable, and contain ovules within... | Wikipedia - Sex | null | null | null |
Because seed plants are immobile, they depend upon passive methods for transporting pollen grains to other plants. Many, including conifers and grasses, produce lightweight pollen which is carried by wind to neighboring plants. Some flowering plants have heavier, sticky pollen that is specialized for transportation by ... | Wikipedia - Sex | null | null | null |
Like any other cell, neurons operate on an undoubtedly complex set of molecular reactions. Each cell is a tiny community of molecular machinery (organelles) working in tandem and encased in a lipid membrane. These organelles communicate largely via chemicals like G-proteins and neurotransmitters, consuming ATP for ener... | Wikipedia - Dynamical neuroscience | null | null | null |
Like any vector, the square of a magnitude can be defined for the orbital angular momentum operator, L 2 {\displaystyle L^{2}} is another quantum operator. It commutes with the components of L {\displaystyle \mathbf {L} } , One way to prove that these operators commute is to start from the commutation relations in the... | Wikipedia - Angular momentum operators | null | null | null |
Like apricots and apples, the seeds of black cherries contain cyanogenic glycosides, compounds that can be converted into cyanide, such as amygdalin. These compounds release hydrogen cyanide when the seed is ground or minced, which releases enzymes that break down the compounds. These enzymes include amygdalin beta-glu... | Wikipedia - Prunus serotina | null | null | null |
Farmers are recommended to remove any trees that fall in a field containing livestock, because the wilted leaves could poison the animals. Removal is not always practical, though, because they often grow in very large numbers on farms, taking advantage of the light brought about by mowing and grazing. Entire fencerows ... | Wikipedia - Prunus serotina | null | null | null |
Like asthma, the traditional medical response to diabetes was to declare the person unfit to dive, but in a similar way, a significant number of divers with well-managed diabetes have logged sufficient dives to provide statistical evidence that it can be done at acceptable risk, and the recommendations of diving medica... | Wikipedia - Psychological fitness to dive | null | null | null |
Diabetic diver's buddy or dive leader who is informed of their condition and knows the appropriate response in the event of a hypoglycemic episode. It is also recommended the buddy does not have diabetes. Diabetic divers should avoid circumstances that increase risk of hypoglycemic episodes such as prolonged cold and s... | Wikipedia - Psychological fitness to dive | null | null | null |
Like biotic molecules, position specific isotope enrichments in abiotic molecules can reflect the source of chemical precursors and synthesis pathways. The energy for abiotic reactions can come from many different sources, which will affect fractionation. For instance, metal catalysts can speed up abiotic reactions. Re... | Wikipedia - Position-specific isotope analysis | null | null | null |
For example, carbon in the interstellar medium and solar nebula partition into distinct states based on thermodynamic favorability. Measuring site-specific isotope enrichments of carbon from organic molecules extracted from carbonaceous chondrites can elucidate where each carbon atom comes from, and how organic molecul... | Wikipedia - Position-specific isotope analysis | null | null | null |
Like caffeine, paraxanthine is a psychoactive central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. | Wikipedia - Paraxanthine | null | null | null |
Like categorical data, binary data can be converted to a vector of count data by writing one coordinate for each possible value, and counting 1 for the value that occurs, and 0 for the value that does not occur. For example, if the values are A and B, then the data set A, A, B can be represented in counts as (1, 0), (1... | Wikipedia - Binary data | null | null | null |
Since there are only two possible values, this can be simplified to a single count (a scalar value) by considering one value as "success" and the other as "failure", coding a value of the success as 1 and of the failure as 0 (using only the coordinate for the "success" value, not the coordinate for the "failure" value)... | Wikipedia - Binary data | null | null | null |
For example, A, A, B would be grouped as 1 + 1 + 0 = 2 successes (out of n = 3 {\displaystyle n=3} trials). Going the other way, count data with n = 1 {\displaystyle n=1} is binary data, with the two classes being 0 (failure) or 1 (success). Counts of i.i.d. binary variables follow a binomial distribution, with n {\dis... | Wikipedia - Binary data | null | null | null |
Like classical digital signatures, quantum digital signatures make use of asymmetric keys. Thus, a person who wants to sign a message creates one or more pairs of sign and corresponding public keys. In general we can divide quantum digital signature schemes into two groups: A scheme that creates a public quantum-bit ke... | Wikipedia - Quantum digital signature | null | null | null |
Like dead-end elimination, the SCMF method explores conformational space by discretizing the dihedral angles of each side chain into a set of rotamers for each position in the protein sequence. The method iteratively develops a probabilistic description of the relative population of each possible rotamer at each positi... | Wikipedia - Self-consistent mean field (biology) | null | null | null |
Like earthquakes, ambient vibrations force into vibrations the civil engineering structures like bridges, buildings or dams. This vibration source is supposed by the greatest part of the used methods to be a white noise, i.e. with a flat noise spectrum so that the recorded system response is actually characteristic of ... | Wikipedia - Ambient Vibrations | null | null | null |
The branch that studies the modal properties of systems under ambient vibrations is called Operational modal analysis (OMA) or Output-only modal analysis and provides many useful methods for civil engineering. The observed vibration properties of structures integrate all the complexity of these structures including the... | Wikipedia - Ambient Vibrations | null | null | null |
Single-station methods: The power spectrum computation of ambient vibration recordings in a structure (e.g. at the top floor of a building for larger amplitudes) gives an estimation of its resonance frequencies and eventually its damping ratio. Transfer function method: Assuming ground ambient vibrations is the excitat... | Wikipedia - Ambient Vibrations | null | null | null |
However this method generally is not able to remove the effect of soil-structure interaction.Arrays: They consist in the simultaneous recording in several points of a structure. The objective is to obtain the modal parameters of structures: resonance frequencies, damping ratios and modal shapes for the whole structure.... | Wikipedia - Ambient Vibrations | null | null | null |
Using a common reference sensor, results for different arrays can be merged. Methods based on correlationsSeveral methods use the power spectral density matrices of simultaneous recordings, i.e. the cross-correlation matrices of these recordings in the Fourier domain. They allow to extract the operational modal paramet... | Wikipedia - Ambient Vibrations | null | null | null |
Like etravirine, a second-generation NNRTI approved in 2008, rilpivirine is a diarylpyrimidine (DAPY).The tablets contain rilpivirine hydrochloride, while the injection contains free rilpivirine. | Wikipedia - Rilpivirine | null | null | null |
Like first-order logic (FOL), a syntax defines which collections of symbols are legal expressions in a description logic, and semantics determine meaning. Unlike FOL, a DL may have several well known syntactic variants. | Wikipedia - Description Logic | null | null | null |
Like green sulfur bacteria, purple sulfur bacteria are also capable of symbiosis and can rapidly create stable associations between other purple sulfur bacteria and sulfur- or sulfate-reducing bacteria. These associations are based on a cycle of sulfur but not carbon compounds. Thus, a simultaneous growth of two bacter... | Wikipedia - Purple non-sulfur bacteria | null | null | null |
Like his predecessors, al-Qalaṣādī used an algebraic notation. While the 19th century writer Franz Woepcke believed that this algebraic symbolism was created by al-Qalaṣādī, these symbols had actually been used by other mathematicians in North Africa 100 years earlier. Al-Qalaṣādī represented mathematical symbols using... | Wikipedia - Abu'l-Hasan ibn Ali al-Qalasadi | null | null | null |
Like his teacher Plato, Aristotle's philosophy aims at the universal. Aristotle's ontology places the universal (katholou) in particulars (kath' hekaston), things in the world, whereas for Plato the universal is a separately existing form which actual things imitate. For Aristotle, "form" is still what phenomena are ba... | Wikipedia - Aristotle | null | null | null |
In this distinction, there is a particular apple and a universal form of an apple. Moreover, one can place an apple next to a book, so that one can speak of both the book and apple as being next to each other. Plato argued that there are some universal forms that are not a part of particular things. | Wikipedia - Aristotle | null | null | null |
For example, it is possible that there is no particular good in existence, but "good" is still a proper universal form. Aristotle disagreed with Plato on this point, arguing that all universals are instantiated at some period of time, and that there are no universals that are unattached to existing things. In addition,... | Wikipedia - Aristotle | null | null | null |
Like in humans, serotonin is extremely involved in regulating behavior in most other vertebrates. This includes not only response and social behaviors, but also influencing mood. Defects in serotonin pathways can lead to intense variations in mood, as well as symptoms of mood disorders, which can be present in more tha... | Wikipedia - Serotonin and aging | null | null | null |
Like in other propositional t-norm fuzzy logics, algebraic semantics is predominantly used for MTL, with three main classes of algebras with respect to which the logic is complete: General semantics, formed of all MTL-algebras — that is, all algebras for which the logic is sound Linear semantics, formed of all linear M... | Wikipedia - Monoidal t-norm logic | null | null | null |
Like in the games of chess, Go (game), and many other games, artificial intelligence systems beat even the best humans at poker. Poker is a game of imperfect information (because some cards in play are concealed) thus making it harder for anyone (including a computer) to deduce the final outcome of the hand. Because of... | Wikipedia - Computer poker player | null | null | null |
Older AIs like PokerSnowie and Claudico were created by allowing the computer to determine the best possible strategy by letting it play itself an enormous number of times. For years, this was the approach to poker AI, as opposed to attempting to make a computer that plays like a human. This resulted in odd bet sizing ... | Wikipedia - Computer poker player | null | null | null |
Methods were first developed to approximate perfect poker strategy from the game theory perspective in the heads-up (two player) game, and then for the multi-player game. Perfect strategy has multiple meanings in this context. From a game-theoretic optimal point of view, a perfect strategy is one that cannot expect to ... | Wikipedia - Computer poker player | null | null | null |
In this case, a perfect strategy is one that correctly or closely models those weaknesses and takes advantage of them to make a profit, such as those explained above. AI broke through to superhuman performance in poker during the 2010s, with the following timeline. In 2015, computers solved heads-up limit hold'em via C... | Wikipedia - Computer poker player | null | null | null |
Around 2018, Libratus demonstrated superhuman ability in heads-up no-limit hold'em. In 2019, Pluribus (a newer version of Libratus) demonstrated superhuman ability at six-player no-limit hold'em, the most commonly played single variety of poker in the world. In 2021, Microsoft released the older poker-playing program, ... | Wikipedia - Computer poker player | null | null | null |
Like its neighboring languages such as Thai, Bengali, and Chinese, Burmese uses numerical classifiers (also called measure words) when nouns are counted or quantified. This approximately equates to English expressions such as "two slices of bread" or "a cup of coffee". Classifiers are required when counting nouns, so က... | Wikipedia - Burmese language | null | null | null |
The standard word order of quantified words is: quantified noun + numeral adjective + classifier, except in round numbers (numbers that end in zero), in which the word order is flipped, where the quantified noun precedes the classifier: quantified noun + classifier + numeral adjective. The only exception to this rule i... | Wikipedia - Burmese language | null | null | null |
Like many ACE inhibitors, this prodrug is converted to the active metabolite spiraprilat following oral administration. Unlike other members of the group, it is eliminated both by renal and hepatic routes, which may allow for greater use in patients with renal impairment. However, data on its effect upon the renal func... | Wikipedia - Spirapril | null | null | null |
Like many assemblers MAC placed a limit on the length of variable names, however, rather than simply disallowing names greater than the maximum length it only kept the last five letters of an identifier, ignoring the first part of the name. The reason for keeping the last 5 was so that variables such as MY_ARRAY1 and M... | Wikipedia - Norsk Data Assembler | null | null | null |
This behavior caused some programmers to adopt the practice of writing only the last five letters of a name in their program code as the assembler would ignore the rest anyway. Because of the difficulty faced by a human reader in understanding what was meant by the name, the code became much more difficult to understan... | Wikipedia - Norsk Data Assembler | null | null | null |
Like many atolls, Rangiroa has no permanent fresh waterbodies, and therefore no central water distribution system. Each household must collect and store rainwater in cisterns. As a result of excessive pumping, the freshwater lenses that form on the coral reefs are now mostly brackish water, leading to saltwater intrusi... | Wikipedia - Rangiroa lagoon | null | null | null |
Like many bipedal dinosaurs, T. rex was historically depicted as a 'living tripod', with the body at 45 degrees or less from the vertical and the tail dragging along the ground, similar to a kangaroo. This concept dates from Joseph Leidy's 1865 reconstruction of Hadrosaurus, the first to depict a dinosaur in a bipedal ... | Wikipedia - Tyrannosaurus rex | null | null | null |
The inaccurate AMNH mount inspired similar depictions in many films and paintings (such as Rudolph Zallinger's famous mural The Age of Reptiles in Yale University's Peabody Museum of Natural History) until the 1990s, when films such as Jurassic Park introduced a more accurate posture to the general public. Modern repre... | Wikipedia - Tyrannosaurus rex | null | null | null |
Getting back up again might have involved some stabilization from the diminutive forelimbs. The latter known as Newman's pushup theory has been debated. Nonetheless, Tyrannosaurus was probably able to get up if it fell, which only would have required placing the limbs below the center of gravity, with the tail as an ef... | Wikipedia - Tyrannosaurus rex | null | null | null |
Like many categories, the category TVect is a concrete category, meaning its objects are sets with additional structure (i.e. a vector space structure and a topology) and its morphisms are functions preserving this structure. There are obvious forgetful functors into the category of topological spaces, the category of ... | Wikipedia - Category of topological vector spaces | null | null | null |
Like many categories, the category Top is a concrete category, meaning its objects are sets with additional structure (i.e. topologies) and its morphisms are functions preserving this structure. There is a natural forgetful functor U: Top → Setto the category of sets which assigns to each topological space the underlyi... | Wikipedia - Category of topological spaces | null | null | null |
Moreover, since any function between discrete or between indiscrete spaces is continuous, both of these functors give full embeddings of Set into Top. Top is also fiber-complete meaning that the category of all topologies on a given set X (called the fiber of U above X) forms a complete lattice when ordered by inclusio... | Wikipedia - Category of topological spaces | null | null | null |
The greatest element in this fiber is the discrete topology on X, while the least element is the indiscrete topology. Top is the model of what is called a topological category. These categories are characterized by the fact that every structured source ( X → U A i ) I {\displaystyle (X\to UA_{i})_{I}} has a unique init... | Wikipedia - Category of topological spaces | null | null | null |
Like many commonly used statistics, the sample statistic r is not robust, so its value can be misleading if outliers are present. Specifically, the PMCC is neither distributionally robust, nor outlier resistant (see Robust statistics § Definition). Inspection of the scatterplot between X and Y will typically reveal a s... | Wikipedia - Pearson correlation coefficient | null | null | null |
Note however that while most robust estimators of association measure statistical dependence in some way, they are generally not interpretable on the same scale as the Pearson correlation coefficient. Statistical inference for Pearson's correlation coefficient is sensitive to the data distribution. Exact tests, and asy... | Wikipedia - Pearson correlation coefficient | null | null | null |
In some situations, the bootstrap can be applied to construct confidence intervals, and permutation tests can be applied to carry out hypothesis tests. These non-parametric approaches may give more meaningful results in some situations where bivariate normality does not hold. However the standard versions of these appr... | Wikipedia - Pearson correlation coefficient | null | null | null |
A stratified analysis is one way to either accommodate a lack of bivariate normality, or to isolate the correlation resulting from one factor while controlling for another. If W represents cluster membership or another factor that it is desirable to control, we can stratify the data based on the value of W, then calcul... | Wikipedia - Pearson correlation coefficient | null | null | null |
Like many other databases that store protein association knowledge, STRING imports data from experimentally derived protein–protein interactions through literature curation. Furthermore, STRING also store computationally predicted interactions from: (i) text mining of scientific texts, (ii) interactions computed from g... | Wikipedia - STRING | null | null | null |
Like many other frogs, they are often used in laboratory as research subjects.Xenopus embryos and eggs are a popular model system for a wide variety of biological studies. This animal is used because of its powerful combination of experimental tractability and close evolutionary relationship with humans, at least compa... | Wikipedia - Xenopus | null | null | null |
Furthermore, Xenopus oocytes are a leading system for studies of ion transport and channel physiology. Xenopus is also a unique system for analyses of genome evolution and whole genome duplication in vertebrates, as different Xenopus species form a ploidy series formed by interspecific hybridization.In 1931, Lancelot H... | Wikipedia - Xenopus | null | null | null |
A female Xenopus frog injected with a woman's urine was put in a jar with a little water. If eggs were in the water a day later it meant the woman was pregnant. Four years after the first Xenopus test, Zwarenstein's colleague, Dr Louis Bosman, reported that the test was accurate in more than 99% of cases. From the 1930... | Wikipedia - Xenopus | null | null | null |
Like many other mustelids, greater grisons possess anal scent glands that secrete a yellowish or greenish musk. Although not especially noxious in comparison with that of other species, this can be sprayed at attackers, as well as being used to mark the grison's territory.Litters of up to four young are born from March... | Wikipedia - Greater grison | null | null | null |
Their eyes open after two weeks, and they begin to eat solid food at three weeks, reaching the adult size in just four months. They have lived for at least ten years in captivity. == References == | Wikipedia - Greater grison | null | null | null |
Like many other organisms, bacteria rely on iron intake for its biological processes. However, iron is sometimes difficult to access in certain environments, like soil. Some bacteria have evolved siderophores, iron-chelating particles that seek and bring back iron for the bacteria. Siderophores are not necessarily spec... | Wikipedia - Cheating (biology) | null | null | null |
Pseudomonas fluorescens is a bacterium commonly found in the soil. Under low-iron conditions, P. fluorescens produces siderophores, specifically pyoverdine, to retrieve the iron necessary for survival. However, when iron is readily available, either from freely diffusing in environment or another bacterium's siderophor... | Wikipedia - Cheating (biology) | null | null | null |
One study showed that when P. fluorescens grew in association with Streptomyces ambofaciens, another bacterium that produces the siderophore coelichen, no pyoverdine was detected. This result suggested that P. fluorescens ceased siderophore production in favor of taking up iron-bound coelichen, an association also know... | Wikipedia - Cheating (biology) | null | null | null |
One strain, known as the producer, produced a higher level of siderophores, which meant that other strain, known as the non-producer, ceased siderophore production in favor of using the other's siderophores. Although one would expect that the non-producer would outcompete the producer, like the P. fluorescens and S. am... | Wikipedia - Cheating (biology) | null | null | null |
Like many programming languages in the Lisp family, Clojure contains an implementation of a linked list, but unlike other dialects its implementation of a linked list has enforced persistence instead of being persistent by convention. Clojure also has efficient implementations of persistent vectors, maps, and sets base... | Wikipedia - Data persistence | null | null | null |
Like many sulfides, this compound liberates hydrogen sulfide upon treatment with strong acids such as hydrochloric acid. 6 HCl + Sb2S5 → 2 SbCl3 + 3 H2S + 2 SAnalysis by Mössbauer spectroscopy indicates that this compound is a derivative antimony(III), explaining the production of antimony(III) chloride, rather than an... | Wikipedia - Antimony pentasulfide | null | null | null |
Like many women, Ashberry worked on munitions during the First World War. She began her career in engineering in 1916, inspecting fuses in a factory. She had a keen interest in engineering which led to her working for British Thomson-Houston dealing with magnetos.Ashberry joined the Galloway Engineering Company's (main... | Wikipedia - Annette Ashberry | null | null | null |
".The end of hostilities brought a slowdown in her career opportunities, and Ashberry began studying for a BSc in engineering at Loughborough Technical College.The newly formed Women's Engineering Society then encouraged her to open an engineering factory which focused on employing women. In 1920, Ashberry founded Atal... | Wikipedia - Annette Ashberry | null | null | null |
Like melatonin, NAS is an agonist at the melatonin receptors MT1, MT2, and MT3, and may be considered to be a neurotransmitter. In addition, NAS is distributed in some areas of the brain where serotonin and melatonin are not, suggesting that it may have unique central duties of its own instead of merely functioning as ... | Wikipedia - N-Acetylserotonin | null | null | null |
Like metal-based batteries, the reaction in a polymer-based battery is between a positive and a negative electrode with different redox potentials. An electrolyte transports charges between these electrodes. For a substance to be a suitable battery active material, it must be able to participate in a chemically and the... | Wikipedia - Polymer-based battery | null | null | null |
Like mitochondria, chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion, gradient to generate ATP energy. The two photosystems capture light energy to energize electrons taken from water, and release them down an electron transport chain. The molecules between the photosystems harness the electrons' e... | Wikipedia - Chloroplast peripheral reticulum | null | null | null |
Like modern elephants, Columbian mammoths were probably social and lived in matriarchal (female-led) family groups; most of their other social behavior was also similar to that of modern elephants. This is supported by fossil assemblages such as the Dent site in Colorado and the Waco Mammoth National Monument in Waco, ... | Wikipedia - Mammuthus columbi | null | null | null |
In 2016, the herd was suggested to have died by drought near a diminishing watering hole; scavenging traces on the bones contradict rapid burial, and the absence of calves and the large diversity of other animal species found gathered at the site support this scenario. Another group, consisting of a bull and six female... | Wikipedia - Mammuthus columbi | null | null | null |
The mammoth may have made the trackway before it died, or another individual may have approached the dead or dying animal—similar to the way modern elephants guard dead relatives for several days. Accumulations of modern elephant remains have been called "elephants' graveyards", because these sites were erroneously tho... | Wikipedia - Mammuthus columbi | null | null | null |
Some accumulations are thought to be the remains of herds that died at the same time, perhaps due to flooding. Columbian mammoths are occasionally preserved in volcanic deposits such as those in Tocuila, Texcoco, Mexico, where a volcanic lahar mudflow covered at least seven individuals 12,500 years ago. | Wikipedia - Mammuthus columbi | null | null | null |
How many mammoths lived at one location at a time is unknown, but the number likely varied by season and lifecycle. Modern elephants can form large herds, sometimes consisting of multiple family groups, and these herds can include thousands of animals migrating together. Mammoths may have formed large herds more often ... | Wikipedia - Mammuthus columbi | null | null | null |
Like most Sunni, Shia Islam hold that all Muslims will eventually go to Jannah. On the fate of non-Muslims in the hereafter, Shia Islam (or at least cleric Ayatullah Mahdi Hadavi Tehrani of Al-Islam.org), takes a view similar to Ash'arism. Tehrani divides non-Muslims into two groups: the heedless and stubborn who will ... | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
These are non-believers to whom the message of Islam has reached and who have understood its truthfulness. However, they are not prepared to accept the truth due to their obstinacy and stubbornness. | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
This group deserves to be punished in Hell. Those who are termed 'Jahil-e-Qasir' (lit. | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
'inculpable ignorant'). These are non-believers to whom the message of Islam has not reached, or it has been presented to them in a very incomplete and untruthful manner. Such people will attain salvation if they are truthful to their own religion. | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
(At least one Twelver Shia scholar 'Allama al-Hilli, insists that not only will non-Muslims be damned but suggests Sunni Muslim will be as well, as it is not possible for any Muslim to be ignorant of "the imamate and of the Return", and thus "whoever is ignorant of any of them is outside the circle of believers and wor... | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
Like most equids, onagers are social animals. Stallions are either solitary or live in groups of two or three. The males have been observed holding harems of females, but in other studies, the dominant stallions defend territories that attract females. Differences in behaviour and social structure likely are the result... | Wikipedia - Onager | null | null | null |
The social behavior of the Asian wild ass can vary widely, depending on different habitats and ranges, and on threats by predators including humans. In Mongolia and Central Asia (E. h. hemionus and E. h. kulan), an onager stallion can adopt harem-type social groups, with several mares and foals in large home areas in t... | Wikipedia - Onager | null | null | null |
Onagers also occasionally form large group associations of 450 to 1,200 individuals, but this usually only occurs in places with food or water sources. As these larger groups dissolve again within a day, no overarching hierarchy apart from the ranking of the individual herds seems to exist. Young male onagers also freq... | Wikipedia - Onager | null | null | null |
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