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Longevity in animals can shed light on the determinants of life expectancy in humans, especially when found in related mammals. However, important contributions to longevity research have been made by research in other species, ranging from yeast to flies to worms. In fact, some closely related species of vertebrates c... | Wikipedia - Longevity | null | null | null |
For instance, Pacific Ocean rockfishes have widely varying lifespans. The species Sebastes minor lives a mere 11 years while its cousin Sebastes aleutianus can live for more than 2 centuries. Similarly, a chameleon, Furcifer labordi, is the current record holder for shortest lifespan among tetrapods, with only 4–5 mont... | Wikipedia - Longevity | null | null | null |
By contrast, some of its relatives, such as Furcifer pardalis, have been found to live up to 6 years.There are studies about aging-related characteristics of and aging in long-lived animals like various turtles and plants like Ginkgo biloba trees. They have identified potentially causal protective traits and suggest ma... | Wikipedia - Longevity | null | null | null |
Longitudinal acceleration has been shown to have a large and complex effect on lateral dynamics. In one study, positive acceleration eliminates self stability, and negative acceleration (deceleration) changes the speeds of self stability. | Wikipedia - Bike physics | null | null | null |
Longitudinal research is a type of research method used to discover relationships between variables that are not related to various background variables. This observational research technique involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period of time. Data is first collected at the outset of the st... | Wikipedia - Psychological research | null | null | null |
Longitudinal studies have suggested adverse working conditions can contribute to increases in psychological distress. Psychological distress refers to negative affect, regardless of whether the individuals meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder. Psychological distress is often expressed in affective (depressive), psy... | Wikipedia - Workplace intervention | null | null | null |
The relation of adverse working conditions to psychological distress is thus an important avenue of research. A literature review and meta-analysis of high-quality longitudinal studies link high demands, low control, and low support to distress symptoms. Lower levels of job satisfaction are also related to increased di... | Wikipedia - Workplace intervention | null | null | null |
Longitudinal studies take measure of the same random sample at multiple time points. Unlike with a successive independent samples design, this design measures the differences in individual participants' responses over time. This means that a researcher can potentially assess the reasons for response changes by assessin... | Wikipedia - Statistical survey | null | null | null |
However, longitudinal studies are both expensive and difficult to do. It is harder to find a sample that will commit to a months- or years-long study than a 15-minute interview, and participants frequently leave the study before the final assessment. | Wikipedia - Statistical survey | null | null | null |
In addition, such studies sometimes require data collection to be confidential or anonymous, which creates additional difficulty in linking participants' responses over time. One potential solution is the use of a self-generated identification code (SGIC). These codes usually are created from elements like 'month of bi... | Wikipedia - Statistical survey | null | null | null |
Some recent anonymous SGIC approaches have also attempted to minimize use of personalized data even further, instead using questions like 'name of your first pet. Depending on the approach used, the ability to match some portion of the sample can be lost. In addition, the overall attrition of participants is not random... | Wikipedia - Statistical survey | null | null | null |
Longnose sawsharks feed primarily on small crustaceans. Individuals find prey by running their barbels over the ocean floor. They use the teeth on their snouts to stir up sediment and strike prey.Like all sawsharks, reproduction is ovoviviparous. Longnose sawsharks give birth every other winter to between 6 and 19 pups... | Wikipedia - Longnose sawshark | null | null | null |
After a 12-month gestation period, pups are born 27–37 cm (11–15 in) in length. Their teeth are folded against the snout at birth, which protects the mother from harm. Longnose sawsharks are highly productive in comparison to other shark species, maturing quickly and only living for around 15 years. | Wikipedia - Longnose sawshark | null | null | null |
Longnose stingrays seem to occupy basically the same ecological niche as the more northerly Atlantic stingray (D. sabina). Where the ranges of the two species overlap, there is spatial segregation with longnose stingrays being found at depths of 1–15 m (3.3–49.2 ft) and Atlantic stingrays being found at depths of up to... | Wikipedia - Longnose stingray | null | null | null |
One study off the Brazilian state of Ceará found that the most common prey taken were holothuriid sea cucumbers, peanut worms, eunicid polychaete worms, bivalves and gastropods, the crustaceans Penaeus and Callinectes, and the grunt Pomadasys corvinaeformis. Known parasites of the longnose stingray include the tapeworm... | Wikipedia - Longnose stingray | null | null | null |
The gestation period is 5–6 months long with vitellogenesis (yolk formation) occurring at the same time, such as that females can ovulate a new batch of ova and mate again immediately after giving birth. Longnose stingrays measure 12.3–15.3 cm (4.8–6.0 in) across at birth. Parturition occurs in water with relatively lo... | Wikipedia - Longnose stingray | null | null | null |
A known nursery area for this species occurs off the beaches of Caiçara do Norte in northeastern Brazil, where newborns and small juveniles have been reported from water no more than 3 m (9.8 ft) deep from February to October. Very small juveniles have also been observed in tidal pools in Ceará. Males mature at 50–60 c... | Wikipedia - Longnose stingray | null | null | null |
Longstanding agricultural and health concerns related to the Rocky Mountain Arsenal have resulted in a complex history of political and legal battles. Heavy volatile contaminants related to Basin F raised concern among the public for the site and the process of the clean-up itself of the Arsenal and a medical monitorin... | Wikipedia - Rocky Mountain Arsenal | null | null | null |
One of the goals of the MMP was to enhance community assurance that the clean-up was effective, and it included air quality monitoring, cancer surveillance, and birth defects surveillance. Air quality monitoring of the Arsenal began concurrently with the decontamination process in 1997 and surveillance continued until ... | Wikipedia - Rocky Mountain Arsenal | null | null | null |
The following data were derived from the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Medical Monitoring Program Surveillance for Birth Defects Compendium prepared by Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment and published in February 2010. In this study, baseline birth defects were estimated from the time period 1989–1997, which... | Wikipedia - Rocky Mountain Arsenal | null | null | null |
Birth defects included in the analysis were: "total congenital anomalies, major congenital anomalies, heart defects, muscle and skeletal defects, and kidney and bladder defects," and these categories were inconsistent in reporting accuracy. Statistically significant findings (p<0.01) of this study included demographic ... | Wikipedia - Rocky Mountain Arsenal | null | null | null |
Baseline rates of congenital anomalies in the study area compared to Colorado as a whole did not show significant differences between populations. No significant increase was observed in congenital anomalies during the clean-up period compared to pre-clean up, although there are no baseline data prior to initial contam... | Wikipedia - Rocky Mountain Arsenal | null | null | null |
The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment found no increased risk of birth defects in infants. A separate study of cancer incidence by the Colorado Department of Health did not find convincing evidence of increased cancer risk in people living in residential areas surrounding the arsenal, although the st... | Wikipedia - Rocky Mountain Arsenal | null | null | null |
Longtime national secretary Matthew Smith, who had been active in the Amalgamated Engineering Union in England, refused to obtain U.S. citizenship, telling a U.S. Congress subcommittee: "I'm an internationalist, a citizen of the human race." Another prominent leader was Trotskyist Bert Cochran, who was a district organ... | Wikipedia - Mechanics Educational Society of America | null | null | null |
Lonicera japonica contains methyl caffeate, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, methyl 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinate, protocatechuic acid, methyl chlorogenic acid, and luteolin. The two biflavonoids, 3′-O-methyl loniflavone and loniflavone, along with luteolin and chrysin, can be isolated from the leaves. Other phenolic compounds... | Wikipedia - Japanese Honeysuckle | null | null | null |
The two secoiridoid glycosides, loniceracetalides A and B, can be isolated, together with 10 known iridoid glycosides, from the flower buds. The plant also contains the saponins loniceroside A and B and the anti-inflammatory loniceroside C. == References == | Wikipedia - Japanese Honeysuckle | null | null | null |
Looking at an infinitesimal displacement from some point, it's apparent that d r = ∑ i ∂ r ∂ q i d q i = ∑ i e i d q i {\displaystyle d\mathbf {r} =\sum _{i}{\frac {\partial \mathbf {r} }{\partial q^{i}}}\,dq^{i}=\sum _{i}\mathbf {e} _{i}\,dq^{i}} By definition, the gradient of a function must satisfy (this definition ... | Wikipedia - Orthogonal coordinates | null | null | null |
Looking at the development of topological quantum field theory, we should consider its many applications to Seiberg–Witten gauge theory, topological string theory, the relationship between knot theory and quantum field theory, and quantum knot invariants. Furthermore, it has generated topics of great interest in both m... | Wikipedia - Topological field theory | null | null | null |
Looking back over 40 years of scholarship since Watson's theory, the historian of land use Paolo Squatriti wrote in 2014 that the thesis had been widely used and cited by historians and archaeologists working in different fields. It had "proved to be applicable in scholarly debates about technological diffusion in pre-... | Wikipedia - Water management technological complex | null | null | null |
Squatriti described Watson's paper as concise and elegant, and popular for its usefulness in supporting the theses of many different historians. He observed that Watson's thesis did not depend on claims of new introductions of plants into any region, but of their "diffusion and normalization", i.e. of their becoming wi... | Wikipedia - Water management technological complex | null | null | null |
Loongs, also known as Chinese Dragon, are legendary creatures in Chinese mythology, Chinese folklore, and East Asian culture. Chinese dragons have many animal-like forms such as turtles and fish, but are most commonly depicted as snake-like with four legs. They traditionally symbolize potent and auspicious powers, part... | Wikipedia - Chinese popular culture | null | null | null |
Loop closure is the problem of recognizing a previously-visited location and updating beliefs accordingly. This can be a problem because model or algorithm errors can assign low priors to the location. Typical loop closure methods apply a second algorithm to compute some type of sensor measure similarity, and reset the... | Wikipedia - Simultaneous localization and mapping | null | null | null |
Loop quantum cosmology is a model of the universe that proposes a "quantum-bridge" between expanding and contracting universes. In this model quantum geometry creates a brand new force negligible at low space-time curvature. However, rising very rapidly in the Planck regime, overwhelming classical gravity which resolve... | Wikipedia - Big Crunch | null | null | null |
An important feature of the theory being the space-time description of the underlying quantum evolution. The approach of effective dynamics have been used extensively in loop quantum cosmology to describe physics at the Planck-scale and also the beginning of the universe. Numerical simulations have confirmed the validi... | Wikipedia - Big Crunch | null | null | null |
Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a quantization of a classical Lagrangian classical field theory. It is equivalent to the usual Einstein–Cartan theory in that it leads to the same equations of motion describing general relativity with torsion. As such, it can be argued that LQG respects local Lorentz invariance. Global Lo... | Wikipedia - Lorentz invariance in loop quantum gravity | null | null | null |
On the other hand, there has been much talk about possible local and global violations of Lorentz invariance beyond those expected in straightforward general relativity. Of interest in this connection would be to see whether the LQG analogue of Minkowski spacetime breaks or preserves global Lorentz invariance, and Carl... | Wikipedia - Lorentz invariance in loop quantum gravity | null | null | null |
Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is an approach to quantum gravity which attempts to marry the fundamental principles of classical GR with the minimal essential features of quantum mechanics and without demanding any new hypotheses. Loop quantum gravity physicists regard background independence as a central tenet in their ap... | Wikipedia - Hole argument | null | null | null |
The direct proof of finiteness of canonical LQG in the presence of all forms of matter has been provided by Thiemann. However, it has been suggested that loop quantum gravity violates background independence by introducing a preferred frame of reference ('spin foams').Perturbative string theory (in addition to a number... | Wikipedia - Hole argument | null | null | null |
Loop quantum gravity is formulated in a background-independent language. No spacetime is assumed a priori, but rather it is built up by the states of theory themselves – however scattering amplitudes are derived from n {\displaystyle n} -point functions (Correlation function (quantum field theory)) and these, formulate... | Wikipedia - Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term | null | null | null |
A strategy for addressing this problem has been suggested; the idea is to study the boundary amplitude, or transition amplitude of a compact region of spacetime, namely a path integral over a finite space-time region, seen as a function of the boundary value of the field. In conventional quantum field theory, this boun... | Wikipedia - Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term | null | null | null |
Loop quantum gravity is the fruit of an effort to formulate a background-independent quantum theory. Topological quantum field theory provided an example of background-independent quantum theory, but with no local degrees of freedom, and only finitely many degrees of freedom globally. This is inadequate to describe gra... | Wikipedia - Quantum gravitation | null | null | null |
Loop quantum gravity seriously considers general relativity's insight that spacetime is a dynamical field and is therefore a quantum object. Its second idea is that the quantum discreteness that determines the particle-like behavior of other field theories (for instance, the photons of the electromagnetic field) also a... | Wikipedia - Quantum Gravity | null | null | null |
Thus the energy of each frequency is quantized, and the quanta are the photons. In the case of gravity, the operators representing the area and the volume of each surface or space region likewise have discrete spectra. Thus area and volume of any portion of space are also quantized, where the quanta are elementary quan... | Wikipedia - Quantum Gravity | null | null | null |
It follows, then, that spacetime has an elementary quantum granular structure at the Planck scale, which cuts off the ultraviolet infinities of quantum field theory. The quantum state of spacetime is described in the theory by means of a mathematical structure called spin networks. Spin networks were initially introduc... | Wikipedia - Quantum Gravity | null | null | null |
Spin networks do not represent quantum states of a field in spacetime: they represent directly quantum states of spacetime. The theory is based on the reformulation of general relativity known as Ashtekar variables, which represent geometric gravity using mathematical analogues of electric and magnetic fields. | Wikipedia - Quantum Gravity | null | null | null |
In the quantum theory, space is represented by a network structure called a spin network, evolving over time in discrete steps.The dynamics of the theory is today constructed in several versions. One version starts with the canonical quantization of general relativity. The analogue of the Schrödinger equation is a Whee... | Wikipedia - Quantum Gravity | null | null | null |
Loop reactor for production of pharmaceuticalsFermentation Biogas production | Wikipedia - Continuous stirred-tank reactor | null | null | null |
Loopy belief propagation: A different method of interpreting complex graphs. The loopy belief propagation is used when an approximate solution is needed instead of the exact solution. It is an approximate inference.Cutset conditioning: Used with smaller sets of variables. Cutset conditioning allows for simpler graphs t... | Wikipedia - Junction tree algorithm | null | null | null |
Lord Falconer, a former attorney general, opined that three laws had been broken, and gave an example of where Ofqual had ignored a direct instruction of the Secretary of State for Education.Falconer said the formula for standardising grades was in breach of the overarching objectives under which Ofqual was established... | Wikipedia - Ofqual exam results algorithm | null | null | null |
Lord Kelvin expressed the second law in several wordings. It is impossible for a self-acting machine, unaided by any external agency, to convey heat from one body to another at a higher temperature.It is impossible, by means of inanimate material agency, to derive mechanical effect from any portion of matter by cooling... | Wikipedia - Kelvin–Planck statement | null | null | null |
Lorentz gave a series of lectures in the fall of 1926 at Cornell University on the new quantum mechanics; in these he presented Erwin Schrödinger's wave mechanics. | Wikipedia - Hendrik Lorentz | null | null | null |
Lorentz generators can be added together, or multiplied by real numbers, to obtain more Lorentz generators. In other words, the set of all Lorentz generators together with the operations of ordinary matrix addition and multiplication of a matrix by a number, forms a vector space over the real numbers. The generators Jx... | Wikipedia - Lorentz transform | null | null | null |
In summary, a Lie algebra is defined as a vector space V over a field of numbers, and with a binary operation (called a Lie bracket in this context) on the elements of the vector space, satisfying the axioms of bilinearity, alternatization, and the Jacobi identity. Here the operation is the commutator which satisfies... | Wikipedia - Lorentz transform | null | null | null |
A group parameter is a component of a coordinate vector representing an arbitrary element of the Lie algebra with respect to some basis. A basis, then, is a set of generators being a basis of the Lie algebra in the usual vector space sense. The exponential map from the Lie algebra to the Lie group, provides a one-to-on... | Wikipedia - Lorentz transform | null | null | null |
In the case of the Lorentz group, the exponential map is just the matrix exponential. Globally, the exponential map is not one-to-one, but in the case of the Lorentz group, it is surjective (onto). Hence any group element in the connected component of the identity can be expressed as an exponential of an element of the... | Wikipedia - Lorentz transform | null | null | null |
Lorentz tensors of the following kinds may be used in this article to describe bodies or particles: four-displacement: Four-velocity: where γ(u) is the Lorentz factor at the 3-velocity u. Four-momentum: where p {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} } is 3-momentum, E {\displaystyle E} is the total energy, and m 0 {\displaystyle m... | Wikipedia - Formulation of Maxwell's equations in special relativity | null | null | null |
Lorenz believed that humans have an automatic, elicited nature of behavior, such as stimuli that elicit fixed action patterns. His theory developed from the reflex model and the hydraulic or "flush toilet" model, which conceptualized behavior patterns of motivation. Certain fixed action patterns developed out of mo... | Wikipedia - Human ethology | null | null | null |
Reflexes can be instincts. For example, a newborn baby instinctively knows to search for and suckle its mother's breast for nourishment. | Wikipedia - Human ethology | null | null | null |
Bowlby (and many other modern ethological theorists) believed that humans spontaneously act to meet the demands of their environment. They are active participants who seek out a parent, food, or a mate (i.e. an infant will seek to remain within sight of a caretaker). Vygotsky believed that the way humans think i... | Wikipedia - Human ethology | null | null | null |
He emphasized that children grow up in the symbols of their culture, especially linguistic symbols. These linguistic symbols categorize and organize the world around them. This organization of the world is internalized, which influence the way they think. | Wikipedia - Human ethology | null | null | null |
Human behavior tends to change based on the environment and the surrounding challenges that individuals begin to face. Two evolutionary advances in human behavior began as a way to allow humans to communicate and collaborate. Infrastructure theorist, Mead and Wittgenstein, theorized the creation of a collaboration in h... | Wikipedia - Human ethology | null | null | null |
This collaboration created social goals amongst people and also created a common ground. To coordinate their common goals, humans evolved a new type of cooperative communication. This communication was based on gestures that allowed humans to cooperate amongst themselves in order to achieve their desired goals. | Wikipedia - Human ethology | null | null | null |
This change in behavior is seen due to the evolving of their environment. The environment demands survival and humans adapted their behavior in order to survive. In other words, this is known as the shared intentionality hypothesis. | Wikipedia - Human ethology | null | null | null |
According to this hypothesis, human thinking evolved from a self-focused, individual intentionality as an adaptation for "dealing with problems of social coordination, specifically, problems presented by individuals' attempts to collaborate and communicate with others." This evolution happened in two steps, one leading... | Wikipedia - Human ethology | null | null | null |
This theory argues that human behavior is in passivity through physiological drives and emotional stimuli. Unlike mechanistic theories, organismic theories view behavior as active. An organismic theory argues that an organism is active in its behavior, meaning that it decides how it behaves and initiates its own behavi... | Wikipedia - Human ethology | null | null | null |
Humans have intrinsic needs that they desire to be met. These needs provide energy for humans to act upon their needs in order to meet them, rather than being reactive to them. The active theory on human behavior treats stimuli not as a cause of behavior, but as opportunities humans can utilize to meet their demands. | Wikipedia - Human ethology | null | null | null |
Lorenz, E. N., 1955, Available potential energy and the maintenance of the general circulation, Tellus, 7, 157–167. Emanuel, K, 1986, Part I. An air-sea interaction theory for tropical cyclones, J. Atmos. Sci. 43, 585, (energy cycle of the mature hurricane has been idealized here as Carnot engine that converts heat ene... | Wikipedia - Atmospheric thermodynamics | null | null | null |
Loschmidt's paradox, also known as the reversibility paradox, is the objection that it should not be possible to deduce an irreversible process from the time-symmetric dynamics that describe the microscopic evolution of a macroscopic system. In the opinion of Schrödinger, "It is now quite obvious in what manner you hav... | Wikipedia - Second principle of thermodynamics | null | null | null |
The thermodynamic operation is externally imposed, not subject to the reversible microscopic dynamical laws that govern the constituents of the systems. It is the cause of the irreversibility. The statement of the law in this present article complies with Schrödinger's advice. The cause–effect relation is logically pri... | Wikipedia - Second principle of thermodynamics | null | null | null |
Loss data analysis is the process of defining the search area and most probable target location by the acquisition and analysis of all available information related to the loss of an object. This task is the start of the planning process and will usually influence the other planning activities, such as equipment select... | Wikipedia - Underwater searches | null | null | null |
The following information is usually important:: Ch. 2 Times of the loss and other related events. Eyewitness and survivor accounts describing the loss. | Wikipedia - Underwater searches | null | null | null |
Position of the loss or last contact with the object Position of floating debris. Position of survivor rescues. Weather conditions at the time of loss Water conditions at the time of lossAll information, and its sources,should be analyzed for probable accuracy. | Wikipedia - Underwater searches | null | null | null |
It is typical that some data will be contradictory and a judgement will have to be made regarding the probability of accuracy of each. The search area box around the most probable seafloor position must account for the cumulative error or the uncertainty inherent in the deduced position. The confidence level that the t... | Wikipedia - Underwater searches | null | null | null |
: Ch. 2 Search probability analysis Search probability analysis takes the loss data analysis further by determining the most probable target location. The search area box is partitioned into smaller areas called cells, each of which is assigned its own calculated probability of the target being in that cell. | Wikipedia - Underwater searches | null | null | null |
A map of these cells will indicate where the search should be concentrated to improve the chance of early location of the target in a large search area. : Ch. 2 | Wikipedia - Underwater searches | null | null | null |
Loss data analysis is the process of defining the search area and most probable target location by the acquisition and analysis of all available information related to the loss of an object. This task is the start of the planning process and will usually influence the other planning activities, such as equipment select... | Wikipedia - Salvage rights | null | null | null |
The following information is usually collected:: Ch. 2 Times of the loss and other related events. Eyewitness and survivor accounts describing the loss. | Wikipedia - Salvage rights | null | null | null |
Position of the loss or last contact with the object. Position of floating debris. Position of survivor rescues. | Wikipedia - Salvage rights | null | null | null |
Weather conditions at the time of loss. Water conditions at the time of loss.All information and its sources are analyzed for probable accuracy. Some data will be contradictory and a judgement will have to be made regarding the probability of accuracy of each. | Wikipedia - Salvage rights | null | null | null |
The search area box around the most probable seafloor position must account for the cumulative error or the uncertainty inherent in the deduced position. The confidence level that the target lies within the search box should be high before the actual search commences. : Ch. 2 | Wikipedia - Salvage rights | null | null | null |
Loss of telomeric DNA through repeated cycles of cell division is associated with senescence or somatic cell aging. In contrast, germ line and cancer cells possess an enzyme, telomerase, which prevents telomere degradation and maintains telomere integrity, causing these types of cells to be very long-lived. In humans, ... | Wikipedia - Subtelomere | null | null | null |
Lossless compression of digitized data such as video, digitized film, and audio preserves all the information, but it does not generally achieve compression ratio much better than 2:1 because of the intrinsic entropy of the data. Compression algorithms which provide higher ratios either incur very large overheads or wo... | Wikipedia - Data compression ratio | null | null | null |
Lossless data compression algorithms cannot guarantee compression for all input data sets. In other words, for any lossless data compression algorithm, there will be an input data set that does not get smaller when processed by the algorithm, and for any lossless data compression algorithm that makes at least one file ... | Wikipedia - Lossless codec | null | null | null |
Lossy audio compression is used in a wide range of applications. In addition to standalone audio-only applications of file playback in MP3 players or computers, digitally compressed audio streams are used in most video DVDs, digital television, streaming media on the Internet, satellite and cable radio, and increasingl... | Wikipedia - Video compression | null | null | null |
Typical examples include high frequencies or sounds that occur at the same time as louder sounds. Those irrelevant sounds are coded with decreased accuracy or not at all. Due to the nature of lossy algorithms, audio quality suffers a digital generation loss when a file is decompressed and recompressed. This makes lossy... | Wikipedia - Video compression | null | null | null |
Lotfi A. Zadeh picked up this point, and drew attention to a "major misunderstanding" about applying fuzzy logic. It is true that the basic aim of fuzzy logic is to make what is imprecise more precise. Yet in many cases, fuzzy logic is used paradoxically to "imprecisiate what is precise", meaning that there is a delibe... | Wikipedia - Fuzzy concept | null | null | null |
Zadeh calls this approach the "Fuzzy Logic Gambit" (a gambit means giving up something now, to achieve a better position later). In the Fuzzy Logic Gambit, "what is sacrificed is precision in value, but not precision in meaning", and more concretely, "imprecisiation in value is followed by precisiation in meaning". Za... | Wikipedia - Fuzzy concept | null | null | null |
Lotus Engineering, a consultancy group of British sports car manufacturer Lotus Cars, partnered in 2009 with Harman Becker, a producer of audio systems, to develop and commercialise a synthetic automotive audio systems. Lotus has worked on a number of hybrid and electric vehicles and its engineers thought they would be... | Wikipedia - Electric vehicle warning sounds | null | null | null |
Lotus used a Toyota Prius to demonstrate the device but did not indicate if it intended to bring this technology to market.Lotus' synthetic sound system was incorporated in the Lotus Evora 414E Hybrid, a concept plug-in hybrid unveiled at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show. The system, called HALOsonic Internal and External El... | Wikipedia - Electric vehicle warning sounds | null | null | null |
Lotze was born in Bautzen, Saxony, Germany, the son of a physician. He was educated at the grammar school of Zittau; he had an enduring love of the classical authors, publishing a translation of Sophocles' Antigone into Latin verse in his middle life.He attended the University of Leipzig as a student of philosophy and ... | Wikipedia - Hermann Lotze | null | null | null |
Weisse also influenced his later anti-psychologistic approach to the historiography of philosophy. He was attracted both by science and by the German idealism of Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Lotze's first work was his dissertation De futurae biologiae pri... | Wikipedia - Hermann Lotze | null | null | null |
In 1840 he gained the degree of doctor of philosophy with his dissertation De summis continuorum. He laid the foundation of his philosophical system in his Metaphysik (Leipzig, 1841) and his Logik (1843), short books published while still a junior lecturer at Leipzig University, whence he moved to Göttingen, succeeding... | Wikipedia - Hermann Lotze | null | null | null |
He first became known to a larger circle through a series of works which aimed at establishing the study of both the physical and mental phenomena of the human organism. He applied the same general principles which had been adopted in the investigation of inorganic phenomena. These later works considered the human orga... | Wikipedia - Hermann Lotze | null | null | null |
They included his Allgemeine Pathologie und Therapie als mechanische Naturwissenschaften (1842, 2nd ed., 1848), the articles "Lebenskraft" (1843) and "Seele und Seelenleben" (1846) in Rudolf Wagner's Handwörterbuch der Physiologie, his Allgemeine Physiologie des Körperlichen Lebens (1851), and his Medizinische Psycholo... | Wikipedia - Hermann Lotze | null | null | null |
The mechanical laws, to which external things were subject, were conceived as being valid only in the inorganic world. Mechanism was the unalterable connexion of every phenomenon a with other phenomena b, c, d, either as following or preceding it; mechanism was the inexorable form into which the events of this world ar... | Wikipedia - Hermann Lotze | null | null | null |
But the mechanical view of nature is not identical with the materialistic. In the last of the above-mentioned works the question is discussed at great length how we have to consider mind, and the relation between mind and body; the answer is we have to consider mind as an immaterial principle, its action, however, on t... | Wikipedia - Hermann Lotze | null | null | null |
Published as they were during the years when the modern school of German materialism was at its height, these works of Lotze were enrolled in the opposing camp of empirical philosophy. The misinterpretations which he had suffered induced Lotze to publish a small polemical pamphlet (Streitschriften, 1857), in which he c... | Wikipedia - Hermann Lotze | null | null | null |
Louis Hodes got his Bachelor of Science (B.S.) from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. He got his Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1962, under Hartley Rogers with a thesis on computability. With John McCarthy, in the late 1950s and early 1960s, he helped produce t... | Wikipedia - Louis Hodes | null | null | null |
Louis Wirth defined a minority group as "a group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment, and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination". The definition in... | Wikipedia - Minority group | null | null | null |
Louis de Broglie postulated that all particles with momentum have a wavelength λ = h p , {\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {h}{p}},} where h is Planck's constant, and p is the magnitude of the momentum of the particle. This hypothesis was at the basis of quantum mechanics. Nowadays, this wavelength is called the de Brogli... | Wikipedia - Wave propagation | null | null | null |
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