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For example, the electrons in a CRT display have a de Broglie wavelength of about 10−13 m. A wave representing such a particle traveling in the k-direction is expressed by the wave function as follows: ψ ( r , t = 0 ) = A e i k ⋅ r , {\displaystyle \psi (\mathbf {r} ,\,t=0)=Ae^{i\mathbf {k\cdot r} },} where the wavelen... | Wikipedia - Wave propagation | null | null | null |
To localize a particle, de Broglie proposed a superposition of different wavelengths ranging around a central value in a wave packet, a waveform often used in quantum mechanics to describe the wave function of a particle. In a wave packet, the wavelength of the particle is not precise, and the local wavelength deviates... | Wikipedia - Wave propagation | null | null | null |
Gaussian wave packets also are used to analyze water waves.For example, a Gaussian wavefunction ψ might take the form: ψ ( x , t = 0 ) = A exp ( − x 2 2 σ 2 + i k 0 x ) , {\displaystyle \psi (x,\,t=0)=A\exp \left(-{\frac {x^{2}}{2\sigma ^{2}}}+ik_{0}x\right),} at some initial time t = 0, where the central wavelength ... | Wikipedia - Wave propagation | null | null | null |
Given the Gaussian: f ( x ) = e − x 2 / ( 2 σ 2 ) , {\displaystyle f(x)=e^{-x^{2}/\left(2\sigma ^{2}\right)},} the Fourier transform is: f ~ ( k ) = σ e − σ 2 k 2 / 2 . {\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}(k)=\sigma e^{-\sigma ^{2}k^{2}/2}.} The Gaussian in space therefore is made up of waves: f ( x ) = 1 2 π ∫ − ∞ ∞ f ~ ( k ) ... | Wikipedia - Wave propagation | null | null | null |
Louis de Broglie presented his pilot wave theory at the 1927 Solvay Conference, after close collaboration with Schrödinger, who developed his wave equation for de Broglie's theory. At the end of the presentation, Wolfgang Pauli pointed out that it was not compatible with a semi-classical technique Fermi had previously ... | Wikipedia - Bohmian quantum mechanics | null | null | null |
De Broglie's theory already applies to multiple spin-less particles, but lacks an adequate theory of measurement as no one understood quantum decoherence at the time. An analysis of de Broglie's presentation is given in Bacciagaluppi et al. Also, in 1932 John von Neumann published a paper, that was widely (and erroneou... | Wikipedia - Bohmian quantum mechanics | null | null | null |
In 1926, Erwin Madelung had developed a hydrodynamic version of Schrödinger's equation, which is incorrectly considered as a basis for the density current derivation of the de Broglie–Bohm theory. The Madelung equations, being quantum Euler equations (fluid dynamics), differ philosophically from the de Broglie–Bohm mec... | Wikipedia - Bohmian quantum mechanics | null | null | null |
According to Holland, failure to appreciate key points of the de Broglie–Bohm theory has led to confusion, the key point being "that the trajectories of a many-body quantum system are correlated not because the particles exert a direct force on one another (à la Coulomb) but because all are acted upon by an entity – ma... | Wikipedia - Bohmian quantum mechanics | null | null | null |
The result was 'A Suggested Interpretation of the Quantum Theory in Terms of "Hidden Variables" I and II' . It was an independent origination of the pilot wave theory, and extended it to incorporate a consistent theory of measurement, and to address a criticism of Pauli that de Broglie did not properly respond to; it i... | Wikipedia - Bohmian quantum mechanics | null | null | null |
This stage applies to multiple particles, and is deterministic. The de Broglie–Bohm theory is an example of a hidden-variables theory. Bohm originally hoped that hidden variables could provide a local, causal, objective description that would resolve or eliminate many of the paradoxes of quantum mechanics, such as Schr... | Wikipedia - Bohmian quantum mechanics | null | null | null |
However, Bell's theorem complicates this hope, as it demonstrates that there can be no local hidden-variable theory that is compatible with the predictions of quantum mechanics. The Bohmian interpretation is causal but not local. | Wikipedia - Bohmian quantum mechanics | null | null | null |
Bohm's paper was largely ignored or panned by other physicists. Albert Einstein, who had suggested that Bohm search for a realist alternative to the prevailing Copenhagen approach, did not consider Bohm's interpretation to be a satisfactory answer to the quantum nonlocality question, calling it "too cheap", while Werne... | Wikipedia - Bohmian quantum mechanics | null | null | null |
I do not see any longer the possibility of any logical contradiction as long as your results agree completely with those of the usual wave mechanics and as long as no means is given to measure the values of your hidden parameters both in the measuring apparatus and in the observe system. As far as the whole matter sta... | Wikipedia - Bohmian quantum mechanics | null | null | null |
Their work renewed the interests of physicists in the Bohm interpretation of quantum physics.Eventually John Bell began to defend the theory. In "Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics" , several of the papers refer to hidden-variables theories (which include Bohm's). The trajectories of the Bohm model that wou... | Wikipedia - Bohmian quantum mechanics | null | null | null |
Louis de Broglie stated, "Any particle, ever isolated, has to be imagined as in continuous "energetic contact" with a hidden medium." However, as de Broglie pointed out, this medium "could not serve as a universal reference medium, as this would be contrary to relativity theory." | Wikipedia - Aether theory | null | null | null |
Loulan or Kroran was an ancient kingdom based around an important oasis city already known in the 2nd century BCE on the north-eastern edge of the Lop Desert. It was renamed Shanshan after Chinese took control of the kingdom in 1st century BCE. It was abandoned some time in the seventh century. | Wikipedia - Lop Nur | null | null | null |
Its location was discovered by Sven Hedin in 1899, who excavated some houses and found a wooden Kharosthi tablet and many Chinese manuscripts from the Jin dynasty (266–420). Aurel Stein also excavated at the site in the beginning of the 20th century, while Chinese archaeologists explored the area in the latter part of ... | Wikipedia - Lop Nur | null | null | null |
Lov Grover, at Bell Labs, invented the quantum database search algorithm. The quadratic speedup was not as dramatic as the speedup for factoring, discrete logs, or physics simulations. However, the algorithm can be applied to a much wider variety of problems. Any problem that can be solved by random, brute-force search... | Wikipedia - Timeline of quantum computing and communication | null | null | null |
The United States Government, particularly in a joint partnership of the Army Research Office (now part of the Army Research Laboratory) and the National Security Agency, issued the first public call for research proposals in quantum information processing. Andrew Steane designed Steane codes for error correction. Davi... | Wikipedia - Timeline of quantum computing and communication | null | null | null |
Lovins published an article about her work on developing a stemming algorithm through the Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT in 1968. Lovins' stemming algorithm is frequently referred to as the Lovins stemmer.A stemming algorithm is the process of taking a word with suffixes and reducing it to its root, or base ... | Wikipedia - Julie Beth Lovins | null | null | null |
Stemming algorithms bring value in their reduction of a given query into its less complex form, allowing more similar documents to be retrieved for similar queries. Stemming algorithms are prevalent in search engines, such as Google Search, which did not implement word stemming until 2003. This means that up until 2003... | Wikipedia - Julie Beth Lovins | null | null | null |
As the first published stemming algorithm, Lovins' work set a precedent and influenced future work in stemming algorithms, such as the Porter Stemmer published by Martin Porter in 1980 which has been recognized widely as the most common stemming algorithm for stemming English. Additionally, the Dawson Stemmer developed... | Wikipedia - Julie Beth Lovins | null | null | null |
This process can be split into two phases. In the first phase, a word is compared with a pre-determined list of endings, and when a word is found to contain one of these endings, the ending is removed, leaving only the stem of the word. The second phase standardizes spelling exceptions that come from the first phase, e... | Wikipedia - Julie Beth Lovins | null | null | null |
For example, with the word dried, phase one results in dri, which should match with the word dry. The second phase takes care of these exceptions.Compared to other stemmers, Lovins' algorithm is fast and equipped to handle irregular plural words like person and people. | Wikipedia - Julie Beth Lovins | null | null | null |
Disadvantages, however, include many suffixes not being available in the table of endings. Furthermore, it is sometimes highly unreliable and frequently fails to form valid words from the stems or to match the stems of like-meaning words. This is most often caused by the usage of specialist terminology and domain-speci... | Wikipedia - Julie Beth Lovins | null | null | null |
Low RMSSD, thought to represent vagal tone, have been associated with major depression. Lower SDNN and elevated LF/HF were found in those with bipolar disorder, and in particular those characterized as having greater illness severity due to greater number of episodes, illness duration and whether there had been psychos... | Wikipedia - Heart rate variability | null | null | null |
Low birth weight makes up 60–80% of the infant mortality rate in developing countries. The New England Journal of Medicine stated that "The lowest mortality rates occur among infants weighing 3,000 to 3,500 g (6.6 to 7.7 lb). For infants born weighing 2,500 g (5.5 lb) or less, the mortality rate rapidly increases with ... | Wikipedia - Infant death | null | null | null |
Infant mortality due to low birth weight is usually a direct cause stemming from other medical complications such as preterm birth, poor maternal nutritional status, a lack of prenatal care, maternal sickness during pregnancy, and unhygienic home environments. Birth weight and the length of gestation are the two most i... | Wikipedia - Infant death | null | null | null |
Low birth weight, the leading cause of infant deaths, is preventable by effective programs to help prevent low birth weight are a combination of health care, education, the environment,mental modification, and public policy. Preterm birth is the leading cause of newborn deaths worldwide. | Wikipedia - Infant death | null | null | null |
Even though America has a higher survival rate for premature infants, the percentage of Americans who deliver prematurely is comparable to those in developing countries. Reasons for this include teenage pregnancy, an increase in pregnancy after the age of 35, an increase in the use of in vitro fertilisation (which incr... | Wikipedia - Infant death | null | null | null |
Low frequency Rayleigh waves generated during earthquakes are used in seismology to characterise the Earth's interior. In intermediate ranges, Rayleigh waves are used in geophysics and geotechnical engineering for the characterisation of oil deposits. These applications are based on the geometric dispersion of Rayleigh... | Wikipedia - Rayleigh waves | null | null | null |
Low frequency sonar can create a small temporary shift in the hearing threshold of some fish. | Wikipedia - Variable depth sonar | null | null | null |
Low incidence means that evidence-based therapy is relatively weak, but emphasis is placed on accurate assessment of cancerous tissue and reducing lymphatic spread.The minority of non-squamous histological subtypes do not typically require removal of the inguinal nodes. However, this is necessary to prevent spread in s... | Wikipedia - Gynecologic oncology | null | null | null |
Low oxygen levels in the blood (hypoxia or anoxia) have been hypothesized to induce hallucinations and hence possibly explain NDEs. This is because low oxygen levels characterize life-threatening situations and also by the apparent similarities between NDEs and G-force induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) episodes. Th... | Wikipedia - Near-death experiences | null | null | null |
Low plasma magnesium (hypomagnesemia) is common: it is found in 2.5–15% of the general population. From 2005 to 2006, 48 percent of the United States population consumed less magnesium than recommended in the Dietary Reference Intake. Other causes are increased renal or gastrointestinal loss, an increased intracellular... | Wikipedia - Magnesium ribbon | null | null | null |
Most are asymptomatic, but symptoms referable to neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and metabolic dysfunction may occur. Alcoholism is often associated with magnesium deficiency. Chronically low serum magnesium levels are associated with metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2, fasciculation, and hypertension. | Wikipedia - Magnesium ribbon | null | null | null |
Low plasma zinc levels have been alleged to be associated with many psychological disorders. Schizophrenia has been linked to decreased brain zinc levels. Evidence suggests that zinc deficiency could play a role in depression. Zinc supplementation may be an effective treatment in major depression. | Wikipedia - Zinc supplementation | null | null | null |
Low resolution Blue Marble datasets are included with the initial download; as a user zooms into certain areas, additional high resolution data is downloaded from the NASA servers. The size of all currently available data sets is about 4.6 terabytes. | Wikipedia - NASA WorldWind | null | null | null |
Low self-esteem is associated with higher levels of body dissatisfaction and of muscle dysmorphia. Vulnerable narcissism has also been linked to heightened muscle dysmorphia risk. Increased body size or muscularity may seem to enhance the masculine identity. | Wikipedia - Adonis Complex | null | null | null |
Low sequence similarity among alpha solenoid proteins of similar structure has impeded their identification using bioinformatics methods, since the repeats are often not well defined in sequence. A large number of different computational methods have been developed to identify candidate alpha solenoid proteins based on... | Wikipedia - Alpha solenoid | null | null | null |
Low temperatures generally slow down the activity of blow-flies and their colonization of a body. Higher temperatures in the summer favor large maggot masses on the carrion. Dry and windy environments can dehydrate a corpse, leading to mummification. Dryness causes cessation in bacterial growth since there are no nutri... | Wikipedia - Forensic entomological decomposition | null | null | null |
Low valent organozinc compounds having a Zn–Zn bond are also known. The first such compound, decamethyldizincocene, was reported in 2004. | Wikipedia - Organozinc chemistry | null | null | null |
Low voltage and low current signals (i.e., at the secondary of a voltage transformers and current transformers) are brought into a low pass filter that removes frequency content above about 1/3 of the sampling frequency (a relay A/D converter needs to sample faster than twice per cycle of the highest frequency that it ... | Wikipedia - Digital protective relay | null | null | null |
Low-activity variants of the VNTR promoter region of the MAO-A gene have been referred to as the warrior gene. When faced with social exclusion or ostracism, individuals with the low activity MAO-A variants showed higher levels of aggression than individuals with the high activity MAO-A gene. Low activity MAO-A could s... | Wikipedia - Warrior gene | null | null | null |
Low-calorie sweeteners are often made of maltodextrin with added sweeteners. Maltodextrin is an easily digestible synthetic polysaccharide consisting of short chains of three or more glucose molecules and is made by the partial hydrolysis of starch. Strictly, maltodextrin is not classified as sugar as it contains more ... | Wikipedia - Sugar | null | null | null |
Low-dimensional problems can be solved with grid-based algorithms that overlay a grid on top of configuration space, or geometric algorithms that compute the shape and connectivity of Cfree. Exact motion planning for high-dimensional systems under complex constraints is computationally intractable. Potential-field algo... | Wikipedia - Motion planning | null | null | null |
Low-fidelity data (LoFi) includes any data that was produced by a person or Stochastic Process that deviates from the real-world system of interest. For example, LoFi data can be produced by models of a physical system that use approximations to simulate the system, rather than modeling the system in an exhaustive mann... | Wikipedia - Multifidelity simulation | null | null | null |
Low-flow irrigation systems are used on native plant habitat restoration and environmental remediation projects. The lower operating pressure can be the only choice for remote locations with wells or small storage tank water sources. It is used in temporary installations during initial establishment periods, and on the... | Wikipedia - Micro-irrigation | null | null | null |
Low-frequency radio waves follow the curvature of the Earth (great-circle paths) rather than straight lines. In this situation, equation 1 is not valid. Loran-C and Omega are examples of systems that use spherical ranges. When a spherical model for the Earth is satisfactory, the simplest expression for the central angl... | Wikipedia - Pseudo-range multilateration | null | null | null |
Low-impedance push–pull outputs of conventional ICs shouldn't directly be connected to external circuitry, as they may create a short circuit between power and ground. Such outputs, however, may be used as inputs to passive AND or OR diode logic gates. This avoids the costs of adding active logic gates. However, diode ... | Wikipedia - Diode logic | null | null | null |
Low-level laser therapy or photobiomodulation is also referred to as red light therapy and cold laser therapy. It is a non-invasive treatment option. LLLT is shown to increase hair density and growth in both genders. The types of devices (hat, comb, helmet) and duration did not alter the effectiveness, with more emphas... | Wikipedia - Pattern hair loss | null | null | null |
Low-power servers are more energy-efficient than conventional servers in data centers. They use the technology of smartphone computing, which tries to balance performance with energy consumption. The first low-power servers were introduced in 2012 by large IT providers such as Dell and Hewlett-Packard. Used correctly, ... | Wikipedia - Green data center | null | null | null |
Low-speed centrifuges are used to harvest chemical precipitates, intact cells (animal, plant and some microorganisms), nuclei, chloroplasts, large mitochondria and the larger plasma-membrane fragments. Density gradients for purifying cells are also run in these centrifuges. Swinging-bucket rotors tend to be used very w... | Wikipedia - Centrifugation | null | null | null |
Low-temperature processing also plays an essential role in food processing and storage. During this process, microorganisms and enzymes are subjected to low temperatures. Unlike heating, chilling does not destroy the enzymes and microorganisms but simply reduces their activity, which is effective as long as the tempera... | Wikipedia - Food and biological process engineering | null | null | null |
It follows that, unlike heating, the effect of preservation by cold is not permanent; hence the importance of maintaining the cold chain throughout the shelf life of the food product.It is important to note that there are two distinct low temperature processes: chilling and freezing. Chilling is the application of temp... | Wikipedia - Food and biological process engineering | null | null | null |
Lower bounds have been computed for many of the data streaming problems that have been studied. By far, the most common technique for computing these lower bounds has been using communication complexity. | Wikipedia - Streaming algorithm | null | null | null |
Lower bounds in communication complexity can be used to prove lower bounds in decision tree complexity, VLSI circuits, data structures, streaming algorithms, space–time tradeoffs for Turing machines and more. | Wikipedia - Quantum communication complexity | null | null | null |
Lower division coursework in this field requires the student to take several laboratory-based classes in calculus-based physics, chemistry, biology, programming and analysis. This is intended to give the student background information in order to introduce them to the engineering fields and to prepare them for more tec... | Wikipedia - Environmental engineering science | null | null | null |
Lower extremity joint loading is estimated through net muscle moments, joint reaction forces, and joint loading rates. Net muscle moments can increase up to 40% as walking speeds rise from 1.2 to 1.5 m/s. One could then predict that as speed increases, loads felt by the lower-extremity joints would increase as the net ... | Wikipedia - Obesity and walking | null | null | null |
Lower prevalence rates for experiencing a hostile work environment were identified for workers aged 65 and older compared to workers in other age groups.With respect to age, conflicting findings have been reported. A study by Einarsen and Skogstad (1996) indicates older employees tend to be more likely to be bullied th... | Wikipedia - Workplace bullying | null | null | null |
Lower sentiments These are common to man and animal. Cautiousness Love of approbation Self-esteem TruthfulnessSuperior sentiments These produce emotion or feeling lacking in animals. Benevolence Conscientiousness Firmness Hope Ideality Imitation Veneration Wit or Mirthfulness Wonder | Wikipedia - Phrenology | null | null | null |
Lower serotonergic activity in the brain is associated with criminality. Serotonin levels can be estimated by measuring the levels of the metabolite 5-HIAA in the urine; offenders have lower levels of 5-HIAA. An 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, which lowers serotonin levels, has been found to be associated with criminal behavior... | Wikipedia - Statistical correlations of criminal behavior | null | null | null |
Lowest 10% made $29,390. Highest 10% made $71,340. Middle 50% made between $36,490 to $59,010. Median: $46,640. | Wikipedia - Electrical drafters | null | null | null |
Lowrey, Parker; Schürg, Timo. (2018). Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch for Derived Schemes Ciocan-Fontanine, I., Kapranov, M. (2007). | Wikipedia - Homotopical algebraic geometry | null | null | null |
Virtual fundamental classes via dg-manifolds Mann, E., Robalo M. (2018). Gromov-Witten theory with derived algebraic geometry Ben-Zvi, D., Francis, J., and D. Nadler. | Wikipedia - Homotopical algebraic geometry | null | null | null |
Integral Transforms and Drinfeld Centers in Derived Algebraic Geometry. Kerz, Moritz; Strunk, Florian; Tamme, Georg (2018), "Algebraic K-theory and descent for blow-ups", Invent. Math., 211 (2): 523–577, arXiv:1611.08466, Bibcode:2018InMat.211..523K, doi:10.1007/s00222-017-0752-2, MR 3748313, S2CID 119165673 | Wikipedia - Homotopical algebraic geometry | null | null | null |
Lowrie conducted research with Professor Robyn Jorgensen through an ARC grant from 2012-2014 for a large-scale mathematics research project that aims to better understand the factors that impact on student learning in mathematics, specifically teachers' practices in creating strong learning environments. The results of... | Wikipedia - Tom Lowrie (professor) | null | null | null |
Lowrie has undertaken a number of research projects to develop spatial curriculum for promoting mathematics understanding in both primary and secondary classrooms. This modified curriculum has supported students in developing their problem-solving skills through a range of spatial activities. Lowrie's spatial curriculu... | Wikipedia - Tom Lowrie (professor) | null | null | null |
Loyalty includes some degree of predisposition toward a brand. It is determined by several distinct psychological processes, and it entails multivariate measurements. Customer perceived value, brand trust, customer satisfaction, repeat purchase behavior, and commitment are found to be the key influencing factors of bra... | Wikipedia - Brand loyalty | null | null | null |
Fred Reichheld, one of the most influential writers on brand loyalty, claimed that enhancing customer loyalty could have dramatic effects on profitability. However, new research shows that the association between customer loyalty and financial outcomes such as firm profitability and stock-market outcomes is not so stra... | Wikipedia - Brand loyalty | null | null | null |
Marketing tools such as integrated marketing communications (IMC) and branding can increase perceived attraction between the consumer and the brand. These tools boost emotional response and attachment to the brand, and influence feelings the customer has for a brand; both are important for congruency and a relationship... | Wikipedia - Brand loyalty | null | null | null |
Relationship development and maintenance can also be achieved through the use of loyalty programs or a celebrity endorser. These can help to increase a bond between a brand and a consumer.IMC is defined as "integrating a variety of convincing messages across various forms to communicate with and develop relationships w... | Wikipedia - Brand loyalty | null | null | null |
Luca de Alfaro, Thomas A. Henzinger, "Concurrent Omega-Regular Games" Hiroshi Nakano, "A Modality for Recursion" | Wikipedia - Symposium on Logic in Computer Science | null | null | null |
Lucas Ambrozio (Imperial College) - Some new results for free boundary minimal surfaces Otis Chodosh (Princeton) - Some new results on the global geometry of scalar curvature Mark Haskins (Imperial College) Chi Li (Purdue) - On metric tangent cones at Klt singularities Marco Radeschi (Notre Dame) - "When all geodesics ... | Wikipedia - Geometry Festival | null | null | null |
Lucene has been around for a while now. Many bioinformatics centres have been experimenting with its use with biological data and databases. A pioneering development in this field is headed by Dr. Don Gilbert at Indiana University, called LuceGene, a part of the GMOD (Generic Software Components for Model Organisms Dat... | Wikipedia - EB-eye | null | null | null |
Luchins also instructed subjects to draw a solution through a maze without crossing any of the maze's lines. The maze was either traced normally or traced using the mirror reflection of the maze. If the subject drew over the lines of the figure, they had to start at the beginning, which was disadvantageous since the su... | Wikipedia - Einstellung effect | null | null | null |
Experimenters observed that the mirror-tracing task caused more drawing outside the boundaries, increased overt signs of stress and anxiety, and required more time to accurately complete. The mirror-tracing situation produced 89% Einstellung solution on the first two criticals instead of the 71% observed for normal tra... | Wikipedia - Einstellung effect | null | null | null |
Luchins gave an elementary-school class a set of water jar problems. In order to create a stressful situation, experimenters told the students that the test would be timed, that the speed and accuracy of the test would be reviewed by their principal and teachers, and that the test would affect their grades. To further ... | Wikipedia - Einstellung effect | null | null | null |
The results of the experiment indicated that the stressful speed test situation increased rigidity. Luchins found that only three of the ninety-eight students tested were able to solve the extinction problem, and only two students used the direct method for the critical problems. The same experiment conducted under non... | Wikipedia - Einstellung effect | null | null | null |
The speed test was performed with college students as well, which yielded similar results. Even when college students were told ahead of time to use the direct method in order to avoid mistakes made by children, the college students continued to exhibit rigidity under time pressure. The results of these studies showed ... | Wikipedia - Einstellung effect | null | null | null |
Lucretius maintained that he could free humankind from fear of the deities by demonstrating that all things occur by natural causes without any intervention by the deities. Historians of science, however, have been critical of the limitations of his Epicurean approach to science, especially as it pertained to astronomi... | Wikipedia - De rerum natura | null | null | null |
If the latter is true, Lucretius, notes, this is because: "either swift currents of ether whirl round and round and roll their fires at large across the nocturnal regions of the sky"; "an external current of air from some other quarter may whirl them along in their course"; or "they may swim of their own accord, each r... | Wikipedia - De rerum natura | null | null | null |
Ludwig Burmester: theory of linkages Carlo Alberto Castigliano: Elasticity (physics) Ludwig Prandtl: Fluid mechanics, Plasticity Stephen Timoshenko: author of many lasting textbooks, father of modern applied mechanics Theodore von Karman: Fluid mechanics, Structural instability Richard Edler von Mises: Plasticity Geoff... | Wikipedia - Mechanician | null | null | null |
Ludwig von Mises' insistence on methodological dualism was a reaction against “the ‘methodological monism’ preached by behaviorists and positivists who no basic reason to approach human behavior and social phenomena differently from the way natural scientists approach molecular behavior and physical phenomena.”Mises s... | Wikipedia - Methodological dualism | null | null | null |
Thus Mises’ conception of the sciences of human action ─ i.e. praxeology and thymology ─ is based on this methodological dualism. Mises argues that because we are ourselves thinking and acting beings we can reflect, through introspection, on the meaning of action, of intention and volition, of ends and means, and on ou... | Wikipedia - Methodological dualism | null | null | null |
Luigi Cossa, Guide to the Study of Political Economy, with a Preface by W. Stanley Jevons, Macmillan & Co., 1880. Jevons & his theory on a possible ommection between sunspots & economic activity cycles, were mentioned by Lovecraft in his The Shadow Out of Time as discussed by Nathaniel Wingate Peaslee just before he wa... | Wikipedia - Logical piano | null | null | null |
Luis' van is a brown 1972 Ford Econoline owned by Luis and used by him, Scott Lang, Dave, and Kurt. It is later used by them for their company, X-Con Security Consultants, and is outfitted with a miniaturized Quantum Tunnel. Lang is later trapped in the Quantum Realm for five years until a rat ran over the control pane... | Wikipedia - Mirror Dimension | null | null | null |
It is destroyed by Thanos during the Battle of Earth. Steve Rogers' motorcycle is a Harley-Davidson motorcycle used by Steve Rogers. In Captain America: The First Avenger, Rogers uses a weaponized 1942 WLA motorcycle in World War II in his fights against Hydra. | Wikipedia - Mirror Dimension | null | null | null |
In Captain America: The Winter Soldier and The Falcon and the Winter Soldier, this model is shown to be displayed in the Captain America exhibit in the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. In The Avengers, Rogers is shown to have switched to a Softail Slim model for commuting around New York City, before using the Street ... | Wikipedia - Mirror Dimension | null | null | null |
Luminescence dating is one of several techniques in which an age is calculated as follows: age = (total absorbed radiation dose) / (radiation dose rate) The radiation dose rate is calculated from measurements of the radioactive elements (K, U, Th and Rb) within the sample and its surroundings and the radiation dose rat... | Wikipedia - Luminescence dating | null | null | null |
The photons of the emitted light must have higher energies than the excitation photons in order to avoid measurement of ordinary photoluminescence. A sample in which the mineral grains have all been exposed to sufficient daylight (seconds for quartz; hundreds of seconds for potassium feldspar) can be said to be of zero... | Wikipedia - Luminescence dating | null | null | null |
Luminescence dating techniques observe 'light' emitted from materials such as quartz, diamond, feldspar, and calcite. Many types of luminescence techniques are utilized in geology, including optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), cathodoluminescence (CL), and thermoluminescence (TL). Thermoluminescence and optically ... | Wikipedia - Paleomagnetic dating | null | null | null |
Luminescent solar concentrators take advantage of the large Stokes shift of the silicon quantum dots to convert light into electricity. The large Stokes shift allows the SiQDs to convert UV light into red/near infrared light that is effectively absorbed by silicon solar cells, while having limited self absorption. The ... | Wikipedia - Silicon quantum dot | null | null | null |
By designing the LSC carefully, the silicon quantum dots can be prepared as a transparent film over the glass limiting losses due to scattering, while making them suitable as replacements for windows in buildings. To do this effectively, the surface of the silicon quantum dots can be modified with various ligands to im... | Wikipedia - Silicon quantum dot | null | null | null |
Luminous bacteria in light organ symbioses are successively acquired by host (squid, fish) from the seawater while they are juveniles, then regularly released into the ocean.In the diagram on the right, depending on the light organ position, luminous bacteria are released from their guts into fecal pellets or directly ... | Wikipedia - Carbonate pump | null | null | null |
In the mesopelagic, zooplankton and their predators feed on sinking luminous particles and fecal pellets, which form either aggregates (repackaging) of faster sinking rates or fragment organic matter (due to sloppy feeding) with slower sinking rates (step 3).Filter feeders also aggregate sinking organic matter without ... | Wikipedia - Carbonate pump | null | null | null |
This implies bioluminescent bacteria dispersion at large spatial scales, for zooplankton or even some fish actively swimming long distances. Luminous bacteria attached to particles sink down to the seafloor, and sediment can be resuspended by oceanographic physical conditions (step 5) and consumed by epi-benthic organi... | Wikipedia - Carbonate pump | null | null | null |
Luminous gems are common theme in comparative mythology. Ball cross-culturally analyzed stories about luminous stones and pearls and found about one hundred variants in ancient, medieval, and modern sources. The wide-ranging locations of the tales comprise all Asia (except Siberia), all Europe (except Norway and Russia... | Wikipedia - Luminous gemstones | null | null | null |
Lunar outpost missions will present a greater challenge than shorter “sortie” missions, but with respect to the current risk topic they probably represent risks similar to those experienced on the ISS. Lunar gravity, although about 1/6 that of Earth gravity, is still more conducive to providing sufficient loading to ma... | Wikipedia - Physiological effects in space | null | null | null |
Lund University Cognitive Science - Robotics Group Cognitive Development Lab, University of Indiana, US Michigan State University – Embodied Intelligence Lab Inria and Ensta ParisTech FLOWERS team, France: Exploration, interaction and learning in developmental robotics University of Tokyo—Intelligent Systems and Inform... | Wikipedia - Developmental robotics | null | null | null |
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