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This approach thus significantly boosts sensitivity to binary pulsars. The PRESTO pipeline is run on dedicated clusters at several institutions that participate in the ALFA survey, producing over 3 million signal candidates. Over the past two years, the Guillimin supercomputer, managed by McGill University as part of C... | Wikipedia - PALFA Survey | null | null | null |
Since March 2009, part of the Einstein@Home computing power is used to analyze PALFA data. The Einstein@Home algorithm is particularly sensitive to radio pulsars in tight binary systems (as short as 11 minutes), with a phase-space coverage that is complementary to that of the PRESTO pipeline. To date, it has re-detecte... | Wikipedia - PALFA Survey | null | null | null |
The data processed thus far has revealed that the radio frequency interference (RFI) environment at Arecibo significantly affects the detection threshold of the survey, creating unforeseen challenges in identifying the many weak pulsars that are likely lurking in the data. To address this, the PALFA consortium is activ... | Wikipedia - PALFA Survey | null | null | null |
Many of the early developments in the field of chemistry can be attributed to the study of natural mineral waters and attempts to replicate them for commercial sale. Joseph Priestley, who discovered oxygen in 1775, made his first contributions to the field of chemistry by dissolving carbon dioxide in water, for which h... | Wikipedia - Bottled water | null | null | null |
Many of the environmental conditions experienced by humans during spaceflight are very different from those in which humans evolved; however, technology such as that offered by a spaceship or spacesuit is able to shield people from the harshest conditions. The immediate needs for breathable air and drinkable water are ... | Wikipedia - Space exposure | null | null | null |
Shielding against harmful external influences such as radiation and micro-meteorites is also necessary. Some hazards are difficult to mitigate, such as weightlessness, also defined as a microgravity environment. Living in this type of environment impacts the body in three important ways: loss of proprioception, changes... | Wikipedia - Space exposure | null | null | null |
On November 2, 2017, scientists reported that significant changes in the position and structure of the brain have been found in astronauts who have taken trips in space, based on MRI studies. Astronauts who took longer space trips were associated with greater brain changes.In October 2018, NASA-funded researchers found... | Wikipedia - Space exposure | null | null | null |
Many of the experiments in the center involve recording small electrical currents (as low as a few picoamps). External electrical noise disturbs the measurements. Each basement research lab is designed as a Faraday cage, and all service pipework changes to plastic before entering the lab. | Wikipedia - Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information | null | null | null |
For the data network, optical fiber is used instead of copper cabling. All labs are also supplied with an independent earth contact and 'clean' power supply, the mains having been filtered by a 1:1 transformer. == References == | Wikipedia - Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information | null | null | null |
Many of the human evolutionary developmental biology studies have been modeled after primate studies and consider the two together in a comparative model. Brain ontogeny and human life history evolution were looked at by Leigh, in a 2006 paper. He compares brain growth patterns for Homo erectus and Homo sapiens to get ... | Wikipedia - Human evolutionary developmental biology | null | null | null |
He makes the case that this finding had wide application and relevance to the overall study of human evolution. It is pertinent specifically to the connections between energy expenditure and brain development. These finding are of specific utility in studies on maternal energy expenditure. | Wikipedia - Human evolutionary developmental biology | null | null | null |
Comparative study of nonhuman primates, fossils and modern humans to study patterns of brain growth to correlate human life history and brain growth.Jeremy De Silva and Julie Lesnik examined chimpanzee neonatal brain size to identify implications for brain growth in Homo erectus. This changed the understanding of diffe... | Wikipedia - Human evolutionary developmental biology | null | null | null |
The times of growth were strikingly similar, but the rates were not. The paper further advocates the use of fossils to assess brain size in general and in relation to cranial capacity.Utilization of endocranial volume as a measure for brain size has been a popular methodology with the fossil record since Darwin in the ... | Wikipedia - Human evolutionary developmental biology | null | null | null |
Many of the important mathematical applications of mirror symmetry belong to the branch of mathematics called enumerative geometry. In enumerative geometry, one is interested in counting the number of solutions to geometric questions, typically using the techniques of algebraic geometry. One of the earliest problems of... | Wikipedia - Mirror manifold | null | null | null |
Enumerative problems in mathematics often concern a class of geometric objects called algebraic varieties which are defined by the vanishing of polynomials. For example, the Clebsch cubic (see the illustration) is defined using a certain polynomial of degree three in four variables. A celebrated result of nineteenth-ce... | Wikipedia - Mirror manifold | null | null | null |
This problem was solved by the nineteenth-century German mathematician Hermann Schubert, who found that there are exactly 2,875 such lines. In 1986, geometer Sheldon Katz proved that the number of curves, such as circles, that are defined by polynomials of degree two and lie entirely in the quintic is 609,250.By the ye... | Wikipedia - Mirror manifold | null | null | null |
The field was reinvigorated in May 1991 when physicists Philip Candelas, Xenia de la Ossa, Paul Green, and Linda Parkes showed that mirror symmetry could be used to count the number of degree three curves on a quintic Calabi–Yau. Candelas and his collaborators found that these six-dimensional Calabi–Yau manifolds can c... | Wikipedia - Mirror manifold | null | null | null |
Many of the key psychoactive compounds in M. speciosa are indole alkaloids related to mitragynine, which is a tetracyclic relative of the pentacyclic indole alkaloids, yohimbine and voacangine. In particular, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG) compose significant proportions of the natural products isolable f... | Wikipedia - Mitragyna speciosa | null | null | null |
Many of the mathematicians, especially those of Jewish background, fled this southeastern part of Poland in 1941 when it became clear that it would be invaded by Germany. Few of the mathematicians survived World War II, but after the war a group including some of the original community carried on their work in western ... | Wikipedia - Lwów School of Mathematics | null | null | null |
Many of the modern DBMS support multiple storage engines within the same database. For example, MySQL supports InnoDB as well as MyISAM. Some storage engines are transactional. Additional engine types include: Embedded database engines In-memory database engines | Wikipedia - Storage engine | null | null | null |
Many of the most important pests are exotic, invasive species that severely impact agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and urban environments. They tend to arrive without their co-evolved parasites, pathogens and predators, and by escaping from these, populations may soar. Importing the natural enemies of these pests ... | Wikipedia - Biological control | null | null | null |
Many of the originators of quantum mechanical theory held that humans can effectively interrogate nature through interacting with it, and that in this regard quantum mechanics is not different from classical mechanics. In addition, Werner Heisenberg maintained that wave function collapse, "The discontinuous change in t... | Wikipedia - Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation | null | null | null |
Then one can at least escape the singular conception that observation (conceived as an act of consciousness) influences the real physical state of things; the change in the psi-function through observation then does not correspond essentially to the change in a real matter of fact but rather to the alteration in our kn... | Wikipedia - Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation | null | null | null |
He believed quantum theory offers a complete description of nature, albeit one that is simply ill-suited for everyday experiences – which are better described by classical mechanics and probability. Bohr never specified a demarcation line above which objects cease to be quantum and become classical. He believed that it... | Wikipedia - Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation | null | null | null |
Many of the packages have some kind of opening menu that is used to get or enter the data, manipulate the data, and select the statistical analysis. Then after starting the program, generally data can be obtained, either from previously saved data sets, or importing from some other format. From this menu, data files in... | Wikipedia - Free statistics software | null | null | null |
Finally, the program can be used to do some analysis. In this analysis menu, the variables of interest can be selected, along with other options. Then the analysis is run and results are obtained. | Wikipedia - Free statistics software | null | null | null |
Many of the philosophical controversies surrounding computational neuroscience involve the role of simulation and modeling as explanation. Carl Craver has been especially vocal about such interpretations. Jones and Love wrote an especially critical article targeted at Bayesian behavioral modeling that did not constrain... | Wikipedia - Neurophilosophy | null | null | null |
Many of the pioneering studies in mineral physics involved explosions or projectiles that subject a sample to a shock. For a brief time interval, the sample is under pressure as the shock wave passes through. Pressures as high as any in the Earth have been achieved by this method. However, the method has some disadvant... | Wikipedia - Mineral physics | null | null | null |
Many of the procedures for executing quantum metrology require certainty in the measurement of light. An absolute photon source is knowing the origin of the photon which helps determine which measurements relate for the sample being imaged. The best methods for approaching an absolute photon source is through spontaneo... | Wikipedia - Quantum imaging | null | null | null |
Many of the questions surrounding neuroscience attempt to answer and understand molecules and wiring in neural circuits. However, mapping these structures across the large scales of neural circuits is difficult. In these cases, ExM magnifies biological specimens such as brain circuits and allows them to be more easily ... | Wikipedia - Expansion microscopy | null | null | null |
Many of the radiance measurements over sea ice included large signals in the third Stoke component, U. It turns out that these can be predicted to fairly high accuracy simply from the aircraft attitude. We use the following model for emissivity in U: e U = e v 2 − e h 2 sin ( 2 α ) {\displaystyle e_{U}={\sqrt {e_{v}^... | Wikipedia - Polarization mixing | null | null | null |
Many of the robots of science fiction have a personality, something which may or may not be desirable in the commercial robots of the future. Nevertheless, researchers are trying to create robots which appear to have a personality: i.e. they use sounds, facial expressions, and body language to try to convey an internal... | Wikipedia - Robotics | null | null | null |
Many of the services once hosted by the UK Data Archive were consolidated under the UK Data Service in 2012. These services include the following. | Wikipedia - UK Data Archive | null | null | null |
Many of the simpler rules can be produced using only algebraic manipulation, creating binomials and rearranging them. By writing a number as the sum of each digit times a power of 10 each digit's power can be manipulated individually. Case where all digits are summed This method works for divisors that are factors of 1... | Wikipedia - Divisibility rule | null | null | null |
Using 3 as an example, 3 divides 9 = 10 − 1. That means 10 ≡ 1 ( mod 3 ) {\displaystyle 10\equiv 1{\pmod {3}}} (see modular arithmetic). The same for all the higher powers of 10: 10 n ≡ 1 n ≡ 1 ( mod 3 ) {\displaystyle 10^{n}\equiv 1^{n}\equiv 1{\pmod {3}}} They are all congruent to 1 modulo 3. | Wikipedia - Divisibility rule | null | null | null |
Since two things that are congruent modulo 3 are either both divisible by 3 or both not, we can interchange values that are congruent modulo 3. So, in a number such as the following, we can replace all the powers of 10 by 1: 100 ⋅ a + 10 ⋅ b + 1 ⋅ c ≡ ( 1 ) a + ( 1 ) b + ( 1 ) c ( mod 3 ) {\displaystyle 100\cdot a+10\c... | Wikipedia - Divisibility rule | null | null | null |
Using 11 as an example, 11 divides 11 = 10 + 1. That means 10 ≡ − 1 ( mod 11 ) {\displaystyle 10\equiv -1{\pmod {11}}} . For the higher powers of 10, they are congruent to 1 for even powers and congruent to −1 for odd powers: 10 n ≡ ( − 1 ) n ≡ { 1 , if n is even − 1 , if n is odd ( mod 11 ) . | Wikipedia - Divisibility rule | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle 10^{n}\equiv (-1)^{n}\equiv {\begin{cases}1,&{\mbox{if }}n{\mbox{ is even}}\\-1,&{\mbox{if }}n{\mbox{ is odd}}\end{cases}}{\pmod {11}}.} Like the previous case, we can substitute powers of 10 with congruent values: 1000 ⋅ a + 100 ⋅ b + 10 ⋅ c + 1 ⋅ d ≡ ( − 1 ) a + ( 1 ) b + ( − 1 ) c + ( 1 ) d ( mod 11 )... | Wikipedia - Divisibility rule | null | null | null |
This is because sufficiently high powers of the base are multiples of the divisor, and can be eliminated. For example, in base 10, the factors of 101 include 2, 5, and 10. Therefore, divisibility by 2, 5, and 10 only depend on whether the last 1 digit is divisible by those divisors. | Wikipedia - Divisibility rule | null | null | null |
The factors of 102 include 4 and 25, and divisibility by those only depend on the last 2 digits. Case where only the last digit(s) are removed Most numbers do not divide 9 or 10 evenly, but do divide a higher power of 10n or 10n − 1. | Wikipedia - Divisibility rule | null | null | null |
In this case the number is still written in powers of 10, but not fully expanded. For example, 7 does not divide 9 or 10, but does divide 98, which is close to 100. Thus, proceed from 100 ⋅ a + b {\displaystyle 100\cdot a+b} where in this case a is any integer, and b can range from 0 to 99. | Wikipedia - Divisibility rule | null | null | null |
Next, ( 98 + 2 ) ⋅ a + b {\displaystyle (98+2)\cdot a+b} and again expanding 98 ⋅ a + 2 ⋅ a + b , {\displaystyle 98\cdot a+2\cdot a+b,} and after eliminating the known multiple of 7, the result is 2 ⋅ a + b , {\displaystyle 2\cdot a+b,} which is the rule "double the number formed by all but the last two digits, then ad... | Wikipedia - Divisibility rule | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle (21-1)\cdot a+2\cdot b.} Eliminating the 21 gives − 1 ⋅ a + 2 ⋅ b , {\displaystyle -1\cdot a+2\cdot b,} and multiplying by −1 gives a − 2 ⋅ b . {\displaystyle a-2\cdot b.} Either of the last two rules may be used, depending on which is easier to perform. They correspond to the rule "subtract twice the la... | Wikipedia - Divisibility rule | null | null | null |
Many of the simplest Z-ligands are simple Lewis acids with electron-deficient center atoms such as BX3, BH3, BR3, AlX3, etc. While these molecules typically have trigonal planar geometry, when bonded to a metal center, they become tetrahedral. This geometry change can be stabilized by the addition of an L-ligand on the... | Wikipedia - Z-Ligand | null | null | null |
Therefore, these Z-ligands can attack at (a) the metal (even in 18 electron compounds), (b) the metal-ligand bond, or (c) the ligands. In addition to the simple Lewis acids, there are several complex molecules that can act as both L- and Z-ligands. These are referred to donor buttresses, and are typically formed when l... | Wikipedia - Z-Ligand | null | null | null |
In addition to the geometry changes involved in the dative bonding from the metal to the Z-ligand complex, the bond itself can differ greatly depending on the type of buttresses involved. Typical boron-boron bonds are around 1.59 Å. However, due to the dative bond character, the metal-boron bond distance can vary great... | Wikipedia - Z-Ligand | null | null | null |
Many of the studies that were conducted on invertebrate exposure to noise found that a physiological or behavioral response was triggered. Most of the time, this related to stress, and provided concrete evidence that marine invertebrates detect and respond to noise. Some of the most informative studies in this category... | Wikipedia - Noise disturbance | null | null | null |
In one study, it was found that the behavior of the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus, when attempting to choose a shell, was modified when subjected to noise.Proper selection of hermit crab shells strongly contributes to their ability to survive. Shells offer protection against predators, high salinity and desiccation. H... | Wikipedia - Noise disturbance | null | null | null |
This indicated that assessment and decision-making processes of the hermit crab were both altered, even though hermit crabs are not known to evaluate shells using any auditory or mechanoreception mechanisms.In another study that focused on Pagurus bernhardus and the blue mussel, (Mytilus edulis) physical behaviors exhi... | Wikipedia - Noise disturbance | null | null | null |
The results from the hermit crab trials were ambiguous with respect to causation; more studies must be conducted in order to determine whether the behavior of the hermit crab can be attributed to the noise produced. Another study that demonstrates a stress response in invertebrates was conducted on the squid species Do... | Wikipedia - Noise disturbance | null | null | null |
The squid was exposed to sounds of construction known as pile driving, which impacts the sea bed directly and produces intense substrate-borne and water-borne vibrations. The squid reacted by jetting, inking, pattern change and other startle responses. Since the responses recorded are similar to those identified when f... | Wikipedia - Noise disturbance | null | null | null |
However, it was also noted that the alarm responses decreased over a period of time, signifying that the squid had likely acclimated to the noise. Regardless, it is apparent that stress occurred in the squid, and although further investigation has not been pursued, researchers suspect that other implications exist that... | Wikipedia - Noise disturbance | null | null | null |
Many of the technical problems in canonical quantum gravity revolve around the constraints. Canonical general relativity was originally formulated in terms of metric variables, but there seemed to be insurmountable mathematical difficulties in promoting the constraints to quantum operators because of their highly non-l... | Wikipedia - Canonical general relativity | null | null | null |
In doing so it introduced an additional constraint, on top of the spatial diffeomorphism and Hamiltonian constraint, the Gauss gauge constraint. The loop representation is a quantum hamiltonian representation of gauge theories in terms of loops. The aim of the loop representation, in the context of Yang–Mills theories ... | Wikipedia - Canonical general relativity | null | null | null |
The use of this representation arose naturally from the Ashtekar–Barbero representation as it provides an exact non-perturbative description and also because the spatial diffeomorphism constraint is easily dealt with within this representation. Within the loop representation Thiemann has provided a well defined canonic... | Wikipedia - Canonical general relativity | null | null | null |
Many of the techniques discussed above assume the presence of a reference bit associated with each page. Some hardware has no such bit, so its efficient use requires techniques that operate well without one. One notable example is VAX hardware running OpenVMS. | Wikipedia - Clock with Adaptive Replacement | null | null | null |
This system knows if a page has been modified, but not necessarily if a page has been read. Its approach is known as Secondary Page Caching. Pages removed from working sets (process-private memory, generally) are placed on special-purpose lists while remaining in physical memory for some time. | Wikipedia - Clock with Adaptive Replacement | null | null | null |
Removing a page from a working set is not technically a page-replacement operation, but effectively identifies that page as a candidate. A page whose backing store is still valid (whose contents are not dirty, or otherwise do not need to be preserved) is placed on the tail of the Free Page List. A page that requires wr... | Wikipedia - Clock with Adaptive Replacement | null | null | null |
These actions are typically triggered when the size of the Free Page List falls below an adjustable threshold. Pages may be selected for working set removal in an essentially random fashion, with the expectation that if a poor choice is made, a future reference may retrieve that page from the Free or Modified list befo... | Wikipedia - Clock with Adaptive Replacement | null | null | null |
The Modified Page List additionally provides an opportunity to write pages out to backing store in groups of more than one page, increasing efficiency. These pages can then be placed on the Free Page List. The sequence of pages that works its way to the head of the Free Page List resembles the results of a LRU or NRU m... | Wikipedia - Clock with Adaptive Replacement | null | null | null |
Another example is used by the Linux kernel on ARM. The lack of hardware functionality is made up for by providing two page tables – the processor-native page tables, with neither referenced bits nor dirty bits, and software-maintained page tables with the required bits present. The emulated bits in the software-mainta... | Wikipedia - Clock with Adaptive Replacement | null | null | null |
Many of the techniques from multivariate calculus also apply, mutatis mutandis, to differentiable manifolds. One can define the directional derivative of a differentiable function along a tangent vector to the manifold, for instance, and this leads to a means of generalizing the total derivative of a function: the diff... | Wikipedia - Differential manifold | null | null | null |
There are, however, important differences in the calculus of vector fields (and tensor fields in general). In brief, the directional derivative of a vector field is not well-defined, or at least not defined in a straightforward manner. Several generalizations of the derivative of a vector field (or tensor field) do exi... | Wikipedia - Differential manifold | null | null | null |
The chief among these are: The Lie derivative, which is uniquely defined by the differential structure, but fails to satisfy some of the usual features of directional differentiation. An affine connection, which is not uniquely defined, but generalizes in a more complete manner the features of ordinary directional diff... | Wikipedia - Differential manifold | null | null | null |
Many of the theorems of real analysis are consequences of the topological properties of the real number line. The order properties of the real numbers described above are closely related to these topological properties. As a topological space, the real numbers has a standard topology, which is the order topology induce... | Wikipedia - Real Analysis | null | null | null |
The topology induced by metric d {\displaystyle d} turns out to be identical to the standard topology induced by order < {\displaystyle <} . Theorems like the intermediate value theorem that are essentially topological in nature can often be proved in the more general setting of metric or topological spaces rather than... | Wikipedia - Real Analysis | null | null | null |
Many of these families avoid the practice of naming children just with the father's family name and include the mother's family name as well, with the objective of supporting the parental identification and the child's two-parent family history. Some encourage gender-neutrality in passing along the surname. For example... | Wikipedia - Shared earning/shared parenting marriage | null | null | null |
Many of these gliadin motifs are substrates for tissue transglutaminase and therefore can be modified by deamidation in the gut to create more inflammatory peptides. The most important recognition appears to be directed toward the α-/β-gliadins. An example of the repetition of a motif across many proteins, the α-2 glia... | Wikipedia - Gluten immunochemistry | null | null | null |
Many gliadins contain the "α-20 motif", which is found in wheat and other Triticeae genera. (see also: "α-20" gliadin motifs). Alpha-2 secalin, the glutinous protein in rye, is composed of two amino-terminal overlapping T-cell sites at positions (8-19) and (13-23). | Wikipedia - Gluten immunochemistry | null | null | null |
Many of these have been developed recently. For those theories that aim to replace dark matter, the galaxy rotation curve, the Tully–Fisher relation, the faster rotation rate of dwarf galaxies, and the gravitational lensing due to galactic clusters act as constraints. For those theories that aim to replace inflation, t... | Wikipedia - Modified models of gravity | null | null | null |
Another test is the flatness of the universe. With general relativity, the combination of baryonic matter, dark matter and dark energy add up to make the universe exactly flat. As the accuracy of experimental tests improve, alternatives to general relativity that aim to replace dark matter or dark energy will have to e... | Wikipedia - Modified models of gravity | null | null | null |
Many of these languages are also considered unclassifiable, as the amount of data may not be enough to reveal close relatives if there were some. For others there may be enough data to show the language belongs to a particular family, but not where within it, or to show the language has no close relatives, but not enou... | Wikipedia - Unclassified language | null | null | null |
Many of those affected during a thunderstorm asthma outbreak may have never experienced an asthma attack before.It has been found 95% of those that were affected by thunderstorm asthma had a history of hayfever, and 96% of those people had tested positive to grass pollen allergies, particularly rye grass. A rye grass p... | Wikipedia - Thunderstorm asthma | null | null | null |
Many older adults notice a decline in their attentional abilities. Attention is a broad construct that refers to "the cognitive ability that allows us to deal with the inherent processing limitations of the human brain by selecting information for further processing". Since the human brain has limited resources, people... | Wikipedia - Brain aging | null | null | null |
However, a large review of studies on cognition and aging suggest that this hypothesis has not been wholly supported. While some studies have found that older adults have a more difficult time encoding and retrieving information when their attention is divided, other studies have not found meaningful differences from y... | Wikipedia - Brain aging | null | null | null |
However, studies suggest that sustained attention shows no decline with age. Results suggest that sustained attention increases in early adulthood and then remains relatively stable, at least to the middle of the eighth decade of life. | Wikipedia - Brain aging | null | null | null |
More research is needed on how normal aging impacts attention after age eighty. It is worth noting that there are factors other than true attentional abilities that might relate to difficulty paying attention. For example, it is possible that sensory deficits impact older adults' attentional abilities. In other words, ... | Wikipedia - Brain aging | null | null | null |
Many oomycetes species are economically important, aggressive algae and plant pathogens. Some species can cause disease in fish, and at least one is a pathogen of mammals. The majority of the plant pathogenic species can be classified into four groups, although more exist. The Phytophthora group is a paraphyletic genus... | Wikipedia - Water mould | null | null | null |
Pythium damping off is a very common problem in greenhouses, where the organism kills newly emerged seedlings. Mycoparasitic members of this group (e.g. P. oligandrum) parasitize other oomycetes and fungi, and have been employed as biocontrol agents. | Wikipedia - Water mould | null | null | null |
One Pythium species, Pythium insidiosum, also causes Pythiosis in mammals. The third group are the downy mildews, which are easily identifiable by the appearance of white, brownish or olive "mildew" on the leaf undersides (although this group can be confused with the unrelated fungal powdery mildews). The fourth group ... | Wikipedia - Water mould | null | null | null |
White blister rusts sporulate beneath the epidermis of their hosts, causing spore-filled blisters on stems, leaves and the inflorescence. The Albuginales are currently divided into three genera, Albugo parasitic predominantly to Brassicales, Pustula, parasitic predominantly to Asterales, and Wilsoniana, predominantly p... | Wikipedia - Water mould | null | null | null |
Many operating systems provide a connection manager that can automatically switch to Wi-Fi network if the connection manager detects a known Wi-Fi network. Such functionality can be found from most modern operating systems (for example from all Windows versions beginning from XP SP3, Ubuntu, Nokia N900, Android and App... | Wikipedia - Mobile data offloading | null | null | null |
When such a smartphone decides to switch from one interface to another, all the active TCP connections need to be reestablished.Multipath TCP solves this handover problem in a clean way. With Multipath TCP, TCP connections can use both the Wi-Fi interface and the cellular one during the handover. This means that ongoin... | Wikipedia - Mobile data offloading | null | null | null |
As of January 2020, Multipath TCP is natively supported on iPhones, but less frequently used on Android smartphones except in South Korea. On iPhones since iOS9, the Wi-Fi Assist subsystem monitors the quality of the underlying network connection. | Wikipedia - Mobile data offloading | null | null | null |
If the quality drops below a given threshold, Wi-Fi Assist may decide to move established Multipath TCP connections to another interface. Initially, this feature was used for the Siri application. Since iOS12, any enabled application can benefit from this feature. Since iOS13, Apple Maps and Apple Music can also be of... | Wikipedia - Mobile data offloading | null | null | null |
Many operating systems, file managers, and other software provide a facility where a file is not immediately deleted when the user requests that action. Instead, the file is moved to a holding area (i.e. the "trash"), making it easy for the user to undo a mistake. Similarly, many software products automatically create ... | Wikipedia - DRAM data remanence | null | null | null |
(In such cases, the operating system will issue the Serial ATA TRIM command or the SCSI UNMAP command to let the drive know to no longer maintain the deleted data.) Instead, they simply remove the file's entry from the file system directory because this requires less work and is therefore faster, and the contents of th... | Wikipedia - DRAM data remanence | null | null | null |
In some systems, enough filesystem metadata are also left behind to enable easy undeletion by commonly available utility software. Even when undelete has become impossible, the data, until it has been overwritten, can be read by software that reads disk sectors directly. Computer forensics often employs such software. | Wikipedia - DRAM data remanence | null | null | null |
Likewise, reformatting, repartitioning, or reimaging a system is unlikely to write to every area of the disk, though all will cause the disk to appear empty or, in the case of reimaging, empty except for the files present in the image, to most software. Finally, even when the storage media is overwritten, physical prop... | Wikipedia - DRAM data remanence | null | null | null |
Many operations which are defined on smooth functions with compact support can also be defined for distributions. In general, if A: D ( U ) → D ( U ) {\displaystyle A:{\mathcal {D}}(U)\to {\mathcal {D}}(U)} is a linear map that is continuous with respect to the weak topology, then it is not always possible to extend A ... | Wikipedia - Tempered distributions | null | null | null |
Many optimization problems are formulated as constrained or unconstrained mathematical programs, either linear programs (LP) or mixed integer programs (MIP), for which many solution techniques and commercial solvers are available. | Wikipedia - Pricing science | null | null | null |
Many oral traditions feature polygenesis in their creation stories. For example, Bambuti mythology and other creation stories from the pygmies of Congo state that the supreme God of the pygmies, Khonvoum, created three different races of humans separately out of three kinds of clay: one black, one white, and one red. I... | Wikipedia - Polygenism | null | null | null |
Moreover, distinctions made between the creation of foreign people groups and the tribe or ethnic group to which the creation myth pertains served to reinforce tribal or ethnic unity, the need to exercise wariness and caution when dealing with outsiders, or the unique nature of the relationship between that tribe and t... | Wikipedia - Polygenism | null | null | null |
The statues became living humans and began to dance. Some time later, a great crocodile attempted to attack this ceremonial house, but was defeated by the power of the deity. The crocodile was cut into several pieces and these were tossed in different directions. | Wikipedia - Polygenism | null | null | null |
Each piece became one of the foreign tribes known to the Asmat.The idea is also found in some ancient Greek and Roman literature. For example, the Roman Emperor Julian the Apostate in his Letter to a Priest wrote that he believed Zeus made multiple creations of man and women. In his Against the Galilaens Julian present... | Wikipedia - Polygenism | null | null | null |
Julian had noticed that the Germanics and Scythians (northern nations) were different in their bodies (i.e. complexion and other traits) to the Ethiopians. He therefore could not imagine such difference in physical attributes as having originated from common ancestry, and so maintained separate creations for different ... | Wikipedia - Polygenism | null | null | null |
In early classical and medieval geography the idea of polygenism surfaced because of the suggested possibility of there being inhabitants of the antipodes (Antichthones). These inhabitants were considered by some to have separate origins because of their geographical extremity.The religion of the Ainu people claims tha... | Wikipedia - Polygenism | null | null | null |
Many organic carbonyls undergo decarbonylation. A common transformation involves the conversion of aldehydes to alkanes, usually catalyzed by metal complexes: R C H O ⟶ RH + CO {\displaystyle {\ce {R}}{\color {red}{\ce {C}}}{\ce {H}}{\color {red}{\ce {O}}}\longrightarrow {\ce {RH}}+{\color {red}{\ce {CO}}}} Few catalys... | Wikipedia - Carbonylation | null | null | null |
Many organisations are still applying the conventional file management systems, due to the difficulty in building a proper and complete archives for data management. The first approach is the simple file-folder system. This costs the problem of ineffectiveness as workers and researchers have to manually go through nume... | Wikipedia - Technical data management system | null | null | null |
These files are also easily lost if renamed or moved to another location. The second approach is conventional databases such as Oracle. These databases are capable of enabling easy search and access of data. | Wikipedia - Technical data management system | null | null | null |
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