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In principle confidence intervals can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. An interval can be asymmetrical because it works as lower or upper bound for a parameter (left-sided interval or right sided interval), but it can also be asymmetrical because the two sided interval is built violating symmetry around the estimate. So... | Wikipedia - Statistical Sciences | null | null | null |
Most studies support a link between adult criminality and testosterone. Nearly all studies of juvenile delinquency and testosterone are not significant. Most studies have also found testosterone to be associated with behaviors or personality traits linked with antisocial behavior and alcoholism. Many studies have also ... | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
About half the studies have found a relationship and about half no relationship. Studies have also found that testosterone facilitates aggression by modulating vasopressin receptors in the hypothalamus.There are two theories on the role of testosterone in aggression and competition. The first one is the challenge hypot... | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
It is therefore the challenge of competition among males of the species that facilitates aggression and violence. Studies conducted have found direct correlation between testosterone and dominance, especially among the most violent criminals in prison who had the highest testosterone levels. The same research also foun... | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
Testosterone and other androgens have evolved to masculinize a brain in order to be competitive even to the point of risking harm to the person and others. By doing so, individuals with masculinized brains as a result of pre-natal and adult life testosterone and androgens enhance their resource acquiring abilities in o... | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
Higher pre-natal testosterone indicated by a low digit ratio as well as adult testosterone levels increased risk of fouls or aggression among male players in a soccer game. Studies have also found higher pre-natal testosterone or lower digit ratio to be correlated with higher aggression in males.The rise in testosteron... | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
Natural selection might have evolved males to be more sensitive to competitive and status challenge situations and that the interacting roles of testosterone are the essential ingredient for aggressive behaviour in these situations. Testosterone mediates attraction to cruel and violent cues in men by promoting extended... | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
For one study, subjects took part in a behavioral experiment where the distribution of a real amount of money was decided. The rules allowed both fair and unfair offers. The negotiating partner could subsequently accept or decline the offer. | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
The fairer the offer, the less probable a refusal by the negotiating partner. If no agreement was reached, neither party earned anything. | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
Test subjects with an artificially enhanced testosterone level generally made better, fairer offers than those who received placebos, thus reducing the risk of a rejection of their offer to a minimum. Two later studies have empirically confirmed these results. | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
However men with high testosterone were significantly 27% less generous in an ultimatum game. The Annual NY Academy of Sciences has also found anabolic steroid use (which increases testosterone) to be higher in teenagers, and this was associated with increased violence. Studies have also found administered testosterone... | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
Estradiol is known to correlate with aggression in male mice. Moreover, the conversion of testosterone to estradiol regulates male aggression in sparrows during breeding season. Rats who were given anabolic steroids that increase testosterone were also more physically aggressive to provocation as a result of "threat se... | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
In most animals, aggression is the means of maintaining social status. However, humans have multiple ways of obtaining social status. This could explain why some studies find a link between testosterone and pro-social behaviour if pro-social behaviour is rewarded with social status. | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
Thus the link between testosterone and aggression and violence is due to these being rewarded with social status. The relationship may also be one of a "permissive effect" whereby testosterone does elevate aggression levels but only in the sense of allowing average aggression levels to be maintained; chemically or phys... | Wikipedia - Free testosterone | null | null | null |
Most such compounds are prepared by alkylation of AsCl3 and its derivatives using organolithium and Grignard reagents. For example, the series trimethylarsine ((CH3)3As), dimethylarsenic chloride ((CH3)2AsCl), and methylarsenic dichloride (CH3AsCl2) is known. Reduction of the chloride derivatives with hydride reducing ... | Wikipedia - Organoarsenic chemistry | null | null | null |
An important route to dimethylarsenic compounds begin with reduction of cacodylic acid (see above): (CH3)2AsO2H + 2 Zn + 4 HCl → (CH3)2AsH + 2 ZnCl2 + 2 H2O (CH3)2AsO2H + SO2 + HI → (CH3)2AsI + SO3 + H2OA variety of heterocycles containing arsenic(III) are known. These include arsole, the arsenic analogue of pyrrole, a... | Wikipedia - Organoarsenic chemistry | null | null | null |
They behave like phosphine ligands, but are less basic. The diarsine C6H4(As(CH3)2)2, known as diars, is a chelating ligand. Thorin is an indicator for several metals. | Wikipedia - Organoarsenic chemistry | null | null | null |
Most such micromechanical methods use periodic homogenization, which approximates composites by periodic phase arrangements. A single repeating volume element is studied, appropriate boundary conditions being applied to extract the composite's macroscopic properties or responses. The Method of Macroscopic Degrees of Fr... | Wikipedia - Micromechanics | null | null | null |
Most surviving texts in the Egyptian language are written on stone in hieroglyphs. The native name for Egyptian hieroglyphic writing is zẖꜣ n mdw-nṯr ("writing of the gods' words"). In antiquity, most texts were written on perishable papyrus in hieratic and (later) demotic. | Wikipedia - Egyptological pronunciation | null | null | null |
There was also a form of cursive hieroglyphs, used for religious documents on papyrus, such as the Book of the Dead of the Twentieth Dynasty; it was simpler to write than the hieroglyphs in stone inscriptions, but it was not as cursive as hieratic and lacked the wide use of ligatures. Additionally, there was a variety ... | Wikipedia - Egyptological pronunciation | null | null | null |
Most tape drives now include some kind of lossless data compression. There are several algorithms that provide similar results: LZW (widely supported), IDRC (Exabyte), ALDC (IBM, QIC) and DLZ1 (DLT). Embedded in tape drive hardware, these compress a relatively small buffer of data at a time, so cannot achieve extremely... | Wikipedia - Data cassette | null | null | null |
A ratio of 2:1 is typical, with some vendors claiming 2.6:1 or 3:1. The ratio actually obtained depends on the nature of the data so the compression ratio cannot be relied upon when specifying the capacity of equipment, e.g., a drive claiming a compressed capacity of 500 GB may not be adequate to back up 500 GB of real... | Wikipedia - Data cassette | null | null | null |
Software compression can achieve much better results with sparse data, but uses the host computer's processor, and can slow the backup if the host computer is unable to compress as fast as the data is written.The compression algorithms used in low-end products are not optimally effective, and better results may be obta... | Wikipedia - Data cassette | null | null | null |
Most taxa differ morphologically from other taxa. Typically, closely related taxa differ much less than more distantly related ones, but there are exceptions to this. Cryptic species are species which look very similar, or perhaps even outwardly identical, but are reproductively isolated. | Wikipedia - Morphology (biology) | null | null | null |
Conversely, sometimes unrelated taxa acquire a similar appearance as a result of convergent evolution or even mimicry. In addition, there can be morphological differences within a species, such as in Apoica flavissima where queens are significantly smaller than workers. A further problem with relying on morphological d... | Wikipedia - Morphology (biology) | null | null | null |
The significance of these differences can be examined through the use of allometric engineering in which one or both species are manipulated to phenocopy the other species. A step relevant to the evaluation of morphology between traits/features within species, includes an assessment of the terms: homology and homoplasy... | Wikipedia - Morphology (biology) | null | null | null |
Most teachers take part in scientific research in the areas of statistics, most often at the Laboratory of theoretical and applied statistics (LSTA). It is a major laboratory of research in statistics thanks to the number and impact of publications. It has 8 professors (including a member of the Academy of Sciences), 1... | Wikipedia - Paris Institute of Statistics | null | null | null |
Most textbooks present the following model for the chemical reactions of a lemon battery. When the cell is providing an electric current through an external circuit, the metallic zinc at the surface of the zinc electrode is dissolving into the solution. Zinc atoms dissolve into the liquid electrolyte as electrically ch... | Wikipedia - Smee cell | null | null | null |
Most theoretical studies of minimum-distance estimation, and most applications, make use of "distance" measures which underlie already-established goodness of fit tests: the test statistic used in one of these tests is used as the distance measure to be minimised. Below are some examples of statistical tests that have ... | Wikipedia - Minimum-distance estimation | null | null | null |
Most thermoacidophiles are archaeal, with Crenarchaea belonging to the Sulfolobales order serving as an model system. Many of the biological mechanisms used by Crenarchae are shared by all archaea but there are some lineage-specific differences unique to thermoacidophilic archaea. One example of the unique differences ... | Wikipedia - Thermoacidophile | null | null | null |
Instead of using histones, a type of protein called nucleoid associated proteins (NAPs) are expressed, however the degree of conservation between species varies from protein to protein. These proteins are typically between 7 and 10 kDa in size, are basic, and account for up to 5% of cellular protein, making them one of... | Wikipedia - Thermoacidophile | null | null | null |
Methylation, a form of PTM , is a common alteration to NAP structure. It is has been linked to the thermostabilization of the proteins as well as the regulation of genes in epigenetic studies. | Wikipedia - Thermoacidophile | null | null | null |
An example of the impact of methylation can be seen in an adaptive laboratory evolution experiment, in which a strain of Sa. solfataricu developed a super-acid resistant phenotype, even though its genome had not changed from the reference sequence. Investigation revealed that the acid resistance was conferred by a diff... | Wikipedia - Thermoacidophile | null | null | null |
This highlights how a difference in methylation can have a significant impact on the fitness of thermophiles. In addition to local structuring by NAPs, the Sulfolobales genome is also globally compartmentalized into two sub-Mbp compartments. Each compartment, often referred to as the A and B compartment respectively, i... | Wikipedia - Thermoacidophile | null | null | null |
The A compartment generally contains genes involved in essential biological processes such as the creation of metabolic proteins, which are highly expressed in the cell. The B compartment holds genes related to environmental stress responses, CRISPR-Cas clusters and fatty acid metabolism. The exact mechanism regarding ... | Wikipedia - Thermoacidophile | null | null | null |
Most treatment for problem gambling involves counseling, step-based programs, self-help, peer-support, medication, or a combination of these. However, no one treatment is considered to be most efficacious and, in the United States, no medications have been approved for the treatment of pathological gambling by the U.S.... | Wikipedia - Compulsive gambling | null | null | null |
Modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous, GA is a twelve-step program that emphasizes a mutual-support approach. There are three in-patient treatment centers in North America. One form of counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to reduce symptoms and gambling-related urges. | Wikipedia - Compulsive gambling | null | null | null |
This type of therapy focuses on the identification of gambling-related thought processes, mood and cognitive distortions that increase one's vulnerability to out-of-control gambling. Additionally, CBT approaches frequently utilize skill-building techniques geared toward relapse prevention, assertiveness and gambling re... | Wikipedia - Compulsive gambling | null | null | null |
Additionally, for patients with both pathological gambling and a comorbid bipolar spectrum condition, sustained-release lithium has shown efficacy in a preliminary trial. The opioid antagonist drug nalmefene has also been trialled quite successfully for the treatment of compulsive gambling. Group concepts based on CBT,... | Wikipedia - Compulsive gambling | null | null | null |
Most triatomines aggregate in refuges during day and search for blood during night, when the host is asleep and the air is cooler. Odors and heat guide these insects to their hosts. Carbon dioxide emanating from breath, as well as ammonia, short-chain amines, and carboxylic acids from skin, hair, and exocrine glands fr... | Wikipedia - Conenose bug | null | null | null |
Most trivalent f block elements form compounds with cyclopentadiene with the formula M(Cp)3. These complexes have been isolated up to californium, with the einsteinium equivalent having been observed in the gas phase. The synthesis of the AnCp3 usually follows the reaction scheme shown above with a few more added steps... | Wikipedia - Organoactinide chemistry | null | null | null |
Most type theories do not have axioms. This is because a type theory is defined by its rules of inference. (See "Rules" above). This is a source of confusion for people familiar with Set Theory, where a theory is defined by both the rules of inference for a logic (such as first-order logic) and axioms about sets. | Wikipedia - Logical type | null | null | null |
Sometimes, a type theory will add a few axioms. An axiom is a judgement that is accepted without a derivation using the rules of inference. They are often added to ensure properties that cannot be added cleanly through the rules. | Wikipedia - Logical type | null | null | null |
Axioms can cause problems if they introduce terms without a way to compute on those terms. That is, axioms can interfere with the normalizing property of the type theory.Some commonly encountered axioms are: "Axiom K" ensures "uniqueness of identity proofs". That is, that every term of an identity type is equal to refl... | Wikipedia - Logical type | null | null | null |
"Univalence Axiom" holds that equivalence of types is equality of types. The research into this property led to cubical type theory, where the property holds without needing an axiom. "Law of Excluded Middle" is often added to satisfy users who want classical logic, instead of intuitionistic logic.The Axiom of Choice d... | Wikipedia - Logical type | null | null | null |
This is because of the constructive nature of type theory, where proving that a value exists requires a method to compute the value. The Axiom of Choice is less powerful in type theory than most set theories, because type theory's functions must be computable and, being syntax-driven, the number of terms in a type must... | Wikipedia - Logical type | null | null | null |
Most type theories have 4 judgements: " T {\displaystyle T} is a type" " t {\displaystyle t} is a term of type T {\displaystyle T} " "Type T 1 {\displaystyle T_{1}} is equal to type T 2 {\displaystyle T_{2}} " "Terms t 1 {\displaystyle t_{1}} and t 2 {\displaystyle t_{2}} both of type T {\displaystyle T} are equal"The ... | Wikipedia - Logical type | null | null | null |
It is very common to see the symbol ' Γ {\displaystyle \Gamma } ' used to represent some or all of the assumptions. Thus, the formal notation for the 4 different judgements is usually: (NOTE: The judgement of equality of terms is where the phrase "judgemental equality" comes from. ) The judgements enforce that every te... | Wikipedia - Logical type | null | null | null |
Most use of the Argos System makes use of one way data transmission on 401.65 MHz using Argos 2. Each Argos platform features a unique 28-bit ID and the ability to transmit a short 3 to 31 byte message for each transmission. Each platform is restricted to a specified interval, such as every 60 seconds, allowing for a f... | Wikipedia - Argos system | null | null | null |
Argos 1 is no longer supported. An important capability of the Argos System is that it can determine transmitter position using Doppler shift on a single satellite. In order to do this accurately, approximately 4-6 transmissions are required in succession during a satellite pass. | Wikipedia - Argos system | null | null | null |
Accuracy can vary between several hundred meters to several kilometers. Newer versions of the Argos System, called Argos 3 and Argos 4, offer the most robust modulations, higher symbol rates, larger packet sizes, and interactive data capability. Some satellites feature Argos 3, with varying degrees of functionality. | Wikipedia - Argos system | null | null | null |
The Argos 3 system features a new downlink signal at 465.9875 MHz. However, due to ground-based alarm system interference issues in the United States, the downlink was disabled on the NOAA-19 satellite. Other newer satellites still transmit on this frequency. | Wikipedia - Argos system | null | null | null |
The downlink contains date and time, Argos System satellite ephemeris data, and the downlink portion of the newer two-way communication link. Data collected from the Argos System is transmitted to the ground using two possible methods. If an Argos System ground receiving station is in view of the satellite while the tr... | Wikipedia - Argos system | null | null | null |
Most vector calculus operators are special cases of, or have close relationships to, the notion of exterior differentiation. | Wikipedia - Exterior derivative | null | null | null |
Most widely known is his first realization of quantum teleportation of an independent qubit. He later expanded this work to developing a source for freely propagating teleported qubits and quantum teleportation over 144 kilometers between two Canary Islands. Quantum teleportation is an essential concept in many quantum... | Wikipedia - Anton Zeilinger | null | null | null |
Most wipers are of the pivot (or radial) type: they are attached to a single arm, which in turn is attached to the motor. These are commonly found on many cars, trucks, trains, boats, airplanes, etc. Modern windscreen wipers usually move in parallel (Fig. 1, below). However, various Mercedes-Benz models and other cars ... | Wikipedia - Windscreen wipers | null | null | null |
A cost benefit to the auto-maker occurs when wipers configured to move in opposite directions do not need to be repositioned for cars exported to right hand drive countries such as the UK and Japan. Another wiper design (Fig. 6) is pantograph-based, used on many commercial vehicles, especially buses with large windscre... | Wikipedia - Windscreen wipers | null | null | null |
One of the arms is attached to the motor, while the other is on an idle pivot. The pantograph mechanism, while being more complex, allows the blade to cover more of the windscreen on each wipe. However, it also usually requires the wiper to be "parked" in the middle of the windscreen, where it may partially obstruct th... | Wikipedia - Windscreen wipers | null | null | null |
A few models of automobile sometimes employ a pantograph arm on the driver's side and a normal arm for the passenger. The Triumph Stag, Lexus and several US makes employ this method to cover more glass area where the windscreen is quite wide but also very shallow. The reduced height of the windscreen would need the use... | Wikipedia - Windscreen wipers | null | null | null |
A simple single-blade setup with a center pivot (Fig. 4) is commonly used on rear windscreens, as well as on the front of some cars. Mercedes-Benz pioneered a system (Fig. 5) called the "Monoblade", based on cantilevers, in which a single arm extends outward to reach the top corners of the windscreen, and pulls in at t... | Wikipedia - Windscreen wipers | null | null | null |
Some larger cars in the late '70s and early '80s, especially LH driver American cars, had a pantograph wiper on the driver's side, with a conventional pivot on the passenger side. Asymmetric wiper arrangements are usually configured to clear more windscreen area on the driver's side, and so are mostly mirrored for left... | Wikipedia - Windscreen wipers | null | null | null |
Most, and perhaps all, cases of synovial sarcoma are associated with a reciprocal translocation t(x;18)(p11.2;q11.2). There is some debate about whether the molecular observation itself is definitive of synovial sarcoma.The diagnosis of synovial sarcoma is typically made based on histology and is confirmed by the prese... | Wikipedia - Synovial sarcoma | null | null | null |
Mosteller used the didactic method, among other approaches to teaching. He cared greatly about the teaching of statistics. He was a mentor to many, and his positive attitudes toward teaching influenced his many students. His friend Robert E. K. Rourke once gave Mosteller an idea for presenting new material in lectures. | Wikipedia - Frederick Mosteller | null | null | null |
Rourke called it PGP Particular General Particular, meaning that a lecture should always be "specific, general, specific". The advice was, begin with a particular interesting example, continue with a general point, and end with a particular example illustrating the general point.Prompted by a seminar by Derek Bok, in t... | Wikipedia - Frederick Mosteller | null | null | null |
Instead, he would cut out parts of the lecture.Mosteller taught a class in probability and statistics as part of the educational television program, Continental Classroom - Mathematics, in 1960 and 1961, supported by the Ford Foundation and broadcast on NBC: 75,000 students took this class for credit at 320 colleges an... | Wikipedia - Frederick Mosteller | null | null | null |
Mosteller wrote over 50 books and over 350 papers, with over 200 coauthors. An avid fan of the Boston Red Sox, he conducted what was perhaps the first academic investigation of baseball, after the Red Sox lost the 1946 World Series. Some of his work involved research evaluation and synthesis, especially in medicine and... | Wikipedia - Frederick Mosteller | null | null | null |
Mosteller's graduate students included Janellen Huttenlocher, Persi Diaconis, Stephen Fienberg, Stanley Wasserman, Ralph D'Agostino, Sanford Weisberg and Ward Edwards. | Wikipedia - Frederick Mosteller | null | null | null |
Mosterín acquired his initial logical formation at the Institut für mathematische Logik und Grundlagenforschung in Münster (Germany). He published the first modern and rigorous textbooks of logic and set theory in Spanish. He has worked on topics of first and second order logic, axiomatic set theory, computability and ... | Wikipedia - Jesús Mosterín | null | null | null |
This result gives a precise meaning to the notion that the set of natural numbers constitutes a universal library and indeed a universal data base. Mosterín has edited the first edition of the complete works of Kurt Gödel in any language. Together with Thomas Bonk, he has edited an unpublished book of Rudolf Carnap on ... | Wikipedia - Jesús Mosterín | null | null | null |
Mostly appropriate only for large biological molecules (as at least one interacting partner), in particular enzymes, depends on chemical functions of their constituent amino acids. ligand vs. receptor, coenzyme EC number TC number pharmacophore vs. non-drug | Wikipedia - Chemical class | null | null | null |
Mostly the objects we are talking about are chain complexes, that occur with descending (like above) or ascending order. In the latter case, by replacing E r p , q {\displaystyle E_{r}^{p,q}} with E p , q r {\displaystyle E_{p,q}^{r}} and d r p , q: E r p , q → E r p + r , q − r + 1 {\displaystyle d_{r}^{p,q}:E_{r}^{p,... | Wikipedia - Derived couple | null | null | null |
Mote was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1988 for analysis of the mechanics of complex dynamic systems, providing results of great practical importance in vibrations and biomechanics. He was also elected to the positions of Councillor (2002-2008), Treasurer (2009-2013), and President for six ... | Wikipedia - C. Daniel Mote Jr. | null | null | null |
Motherboards are generally air cooled with heat sinks often mounted on larger chips in modern motherboards. Insufficient or improper cooling can cause damage to the internal components of the computer, or cause it to crash. Passive cooling, or a single fan mounted on the power supply, was sufficient for many desktop co... | Wikipedia - System board | null | null | null |
Alternatively computers can use a water cooling system instead of many fans. Some small form factor computers and home theater PCs designed for quiet and energy-efficient operation boast fan-less designs. This typically requires the use of a low-power CPU, as well as a careful layout of the motherboard and other compon... | Wikipedia - System board | null | null | null |
A 2003 study found that some spurious computer crashes and general reliability issues, ranging from screen image distortions to I/O read/write errors, can be attributed not to software or peripheral hardware but to aging capacitors on PC motherboards. Ultimately this was shown to be the result of a faulty electrolyte f... | Wikipedia - System board | null | null | null |
These capacitors age at a temperature-dependent rate, as their water based electrolytes slowly evaporate. This can lead to loss of capacitance and subsequent motherboard malfunctions due to voltage instabilities. While most capacitors are rated for 2000 hours of operation at 105 °C (221 °F), their expected design life ... | Wikipedia - System board | null | null | null |
At 65 °C (149 °F) a lifetime of 3 to 4 years can be expected. However, many manufacturers deliver substandard capacitors, which significantly reduce life expectancy. | Wikipedia - System board | null | null | null |
Inadequate case cooling and elevated temperatures around the CPU socket exacerbate this problem. With top blowers, the motherboard components can be kept under 95 °C (203 °F), effectively doubling the motherboard lifetime. Mid-range and high-end motherboards, on the other hand, use solid capacitors exclusively. | Wikipedia - System board | null | null | null |
For every 10 °C less, their average lifespan is multiplied approximately by three, resulting in a 6-times higher lifetime expectancy at 65 °C (149 °F). These capacitors may be rated for 5000, 10000 or 12000 hours of operation at 105 °C (221 °F), extending the projected lifetime in comparison with standard solid capacit... | Wikipedia - System board | null | null | null |
Motherboards are produced in a variety of sizes and shapes called form factors, some of which are specific to individual computer manufacturers. However, the motherboards used in IBM-compatible systems are designed to fit various case sizes. As of 2005, most desktop computer motherboards use the ATX standard form facto... | Wikipedia - PC motherboard | null | null | null |
A case's motherboard and power supply unit (PSU) form factor must all match, though some smaller form factor motherboards of the same family will fit larger cases. For example, an ATX case will usually accommodate a microATX motherboard. Laptop computers generally use highly integrated, miniaturized, and customized mot... | Wikipedia - PC motherboard | null | null | null |
Motherboards contain a ROM (and later EPROM, EEPROM, NOR flash) that stores to initialize hardware devices and boot an operating system from a peripheral device. Microcomputers such as the Apple II and IBM PC used ROM chips mounted in sockets on the motherboard. At power-up, the central processor unit would load its pr... | Wikipedia - System board | null | null | null |
If no peripheral device containing an operating system was available, then the computer would perform tasks from other ROM stores or display an error message, depending on the model and design of the computer. For example, both the Apple II and the original IBM PC had Cassette BASIC (ROM BASIC) and would start that if ... | Wikipedia - System board | null | null | null |
The boot firmware in modern IBM PC compatible motherboard designs contains either a BIOS, as did the boot ROM on the original IBM PC, or UEFI. UEFI is a successor to BIOS that became popular after Microsoft began requiring it for a system to be certified to run Windows 8.When the computer is powered on, the boot firmwa... | Wikipedia - System board | null | null | null |
Moths may exhibit synchronized mating, during which pheromones released by females initiate searching and swarming behavior in males. Males sense pheromones with sensitive antennae and may track females as far as several kilometers away. Swarm mating involves female choice and male competition. | Wikipedia - Swarm behaviour | null | null | null |
Only one male in the swarm—typically the first—will successfully copulate. Females maximize fitness benefits and minimize cost by governing the onset and magnitude of pheromone deployed. Too little pheromone will not attract a mate, too much allows less fit males to sense the signal. | Wikipedia - Swarm behaviour | null | null | null |
After copulation, females lay the eggs on a host plant. Quality of host plant may be a factor influencing the location of swarming and egg-laying. In one case, researchers observed pink-striped oakworm moths (Anisota virginiensis) swarming at a carrion site, where decomposition likely increased soil nutrient levels and... | Wikipedia - Swarm behaviour | null | null | null |
Moths, like butterflies, bees and other more popularly recognized pollinating insects, serve an essential role as pollinators for many flowering plants, including species that bees do not visit. Nocturnal moths fly from flower to flower to feed on nectar during the night much as their diurnal relatives do during the da... | Wikipedia - Moth | null | null | null |
Some studies indicate that certain species of moths, such as those belonging to the families Erebidae and Sphingidae, may be the key pollinators for some flowering plants in the Himalayan ecosystem. The roles of moths as pollinators have been studied less frequently than those of diurnal pollinators, but recent studies... | Wikipedia - Moth | null | null | null |
Motion Data (previously the Nokia Motion Monitor) is a SensorCore based activity tracker included in Microsoft Lumia devices that collects data on a user's steps and physical location for usage in third party applications. Motion Data is included under settings in newer Microsoft Lumia devices and displays user informa... | Wikipedia - Office Lens | null | null | null |
Motion estimation is the process of determining motion vectors that describe the transformation from one 2D image to another; usually from adjacent frames in a video sequence. The motion vectors may relate to the whole image (global motion estimation) or specific parts, such as rectangular blocks, arbitrary shaped patc... | Wikipedia - Block-matching algorithm | null | null | null |
The combination of motion estimation and motion compensation is a key part of video compression as used by MPEG 1, 2 and 4 as well as many other video codecs. Motion estimation based video compression helps in saving bits by sending encoded difference images which have inherently less entropy as opposed to sending a fu... | Wikipedia - Block-matching algorithm | null | null | null |
Motion in complex systems such as protein folding. | Wikipedia - Philosophy of motion | null | null | null |
Motion platforms are commonly used in the field of engineering for analysis and verification of vehicle performance and design. The ability to link a computer-based dynamic model of a particular system to physical motion gives the user the ability to feel how the vehicle would respond to control inputs without the need... | Wikipedia - Motion simulator | null | null | null |
By connecting a simulated cockpit with visual screen to a real flight control system in a laboratory, integrating the pilot with the electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic components that exist on the real aircraft, a complete system evaluation can be conducted prior to initial flight testing. This type of testing allow... | Wikipedia - Motion simulator | null | null | null |
Motion segmentation can be seen as a classification problem where each pixel has to be classified as background or foreground. Such classifications are modeled under statistic theory and can be used in segmentation algorithms. These approaches can be further divided depending on the statistical framework used. Most com... | Wikipedia - Rigid motion segmentation | null | null | null |
MAP uses Bayes' Rule for implementation where a particular pixel has to be classified under predefined classes. PF is based on the concept of evolution of a variable with varying weights over time. The final estimation is the weighted sum of all the variables. | Wikipedia - Rigid motion segmentation | null | null | null |
Both of these methods are iterative. The EM algorithm is also an iterative estimation method. It computes the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of the model parameters in presence of missing or hidden data and decided the most likely fit of the observed data. | Wikipedia - Rigid motion segmentation | null | null | null |
Motions of a bike can be roughly grouped into those out of the central plane of symmetry: lateral; and those in the central plane of symmetry: longitudinal or vertical. Lateral motions include balancing, leaning, steering, and turning. Motions in the central plane of symmetry include rolling forward, of course, but als... | Wikipedia - Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics | null | null | null |
Motions in these two groups are linearly decoupled, that is they do not interact with each other to the first order. An uncontrolled bike is laterally unstable when stationary and can be laterally self-stable when moving under the right conditions or when controlled by a rider. Conversely, a bike is longitudinally stab... | Wikipedia - Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics | null | null | null |
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