questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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In sexually reproducing organisms, parents pass a copy of each type of what to their offspring by producing gametes?
Here are the choices:
A. genome
B. chromosome
C. phenotype
D. molecule | In sexually reproducing organisms, parents pass a copy of each type of chromosome to their offspring by producing gametes. When gametes are fertilized and form offspring, each has a unique combination of chromosomes and genes from both parents. The inherited gene combination determines the characteristics of the offspr... | B: chromosome. |
At transform plate boundaries, two plates move in which directions?
Here are the choices:
A. same
B. opposite
C. parallel
D. north and south | At transform plate boundaries, two plates move in opposite direction. | B: opposite. |
The voltages generated at a power plant are stepped up by what passive devices, which then reduce voltage to a safe level at the point of use?
Here are the choices:
A. capacitors
B. transistors
C. transformers
D. batteries | Figure 20.19 Power is distributed over large distances at high voltage to reduce power loss in the transmission lines. The voltages generated at the power plant are stepped up by passive devices called transformers (see Transformers) to 330,000 volts (or more in some places worldwide). At the point of use, the transfor... | C: transformers. |
What is the term for the dark brown or black coating found on exposed desert rocks, which is formed of iron and manganese oxides?
Here are the choices:
A. desert patina
B. desert varnish
C. desert rust
D. desert shadow | Exposed rocks in desert areas often develop a dark brown or black coating called desert varnish ( Figure below ). Wind transports clay-sized particles that chemically react with other substances at high temperatures. The coating is formed of iron and manganese oxides. | B: desert varnish. |
What two ways may catalyst be classified?
Here are the choices:
A. reactive or nonreactive
B. oxygenated or heterogenous
C. homogeneous or heterogeneous
D. fast or slow | Catalysts may be classified as either homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous catalyst is uniformly dispersed throughout the reactant mixture to form a solution. Sulfuric acid, for example, is a homogeneous catalyst used in the synthesis of esters such as procaine (Example 13). An ester has a structure similar to t... | C: homogeneous or heterogeneous. |
What phylum has the highest number of species on earth?
Here are the choices:
A. lophotrochozoa
B. lichens
C. arthropods
D. cephalopods | 15.3 Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods Flatworms are acoelomate, triploblastic animals. They lack circulatory and respiratory systems, and have a rudimentary excretory system. The digestive system is incomplete in most species. There are four traditional classes of flatworms, the largely free-living turbellarians, t... | C: arthropods. |
The speed of a wave is a product of its wavelength and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. magnitude
B. frequency
C. voltage
D. density | The speed of a wave is a product of its wavelength and frequency. Because the speed of electromagnetic waves through space is constant, the wavelength or frequency of an electromagnetic wave can be calculated if the other value is known. | B: frequency. |
What type of gas are stars made up of?
Here are the choices:
A. water vapor
B. freon
C. calcium
D. hydrogen | the fact that stars are made up of very lightweight hydrogen gas. | D: hydrogen. |
What are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules?
Here are the choices:
A. carbons
B. proteins
C. acids
D. cells | Proteins Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective; they may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Each cell in a ... | B: proteins. |
A geiger counter is used for detecting what?
Here are the choices:
A. pressure
B. mutation
C. radiation
D. convection | One of the simplest ways of detecting radioactivity is by using a piece of photographic film embedded in a badge or a pen. On a regular basis, the film is developed and checked for exposure. Comparing the exposure level of the film with a set of standard exposures indicates the amount of radiation a person was exposed ... | C: radiation. |
All species have evolved a pattern of living, called a life history strategy, in which they partition energy for growth, maintenance, and what?
Here are the choices:
A. variation
B. reproduction
C. abundance
D. deatn | 45.2 Life Histories and Natural Selection All species have evolved a pattern of living, called a life history strategy, in which they partition energy for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. These patterns evolve through natural selection; they allow species to adapt to their environment to obtain the resources they... | B: reproduction. |
What are the most diverse plants on earth?
Here are the choices:
A. conifers
B. grasses
C. angiosperms
D. gymnosperms | Angiosperms , or flowering plants, are the most abundant and diverse plants on Earth. Angiosperms evolved several reproductive adaptations that have contributed to their success. Like all vascular plants, their life cycle is dominated by the sporophyte generation. A typical angiosperm life cycle is shown in Figure belo... | C: angiosperms. |
What is the second line of defense?
Here are the choices:
A. inflammatory response
B. fight or flight
C. immune response
D. rejection of foreign bodies | The second line of defense includes the inflammatory response and phagocytosis by nonspecific leukocytes. | A: inflammatory response. |
What is the term for when organisms need other organisms to survive?
Here are the choices:
A. realization
B. intradependence
C. coexistence
D. interdependence | All living things depend on their environment to supply them with what they need, including food, water, and shelter. Their environment consists of physical factors—such as soil, air, and temperature—and also of other organisms. An organism is an individual living thing. Many living things interact with other organisms... | D: interdependence. |
What is an organic compound that is made up of only carbon and hydrogen?
Here are the choices:
A. a component
B. an acid
C. a catalyst
D. a hydrocarbon | A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that is made up of only carbon and hydrogen. A hydrocarbon is the simplest kind of organic molecule and is the basis for all other more complex organic compounds. Hydrocarbons can be divided into two broad categories. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that do not contain the b... | D: a hydrocarbon. |
Bile salts produced by the liver assist in breaking apart what kind of fats?
Here are the choices:
A. carbohydrates
B. soluble
C. dietary
D. Sugar | Many other salts are important in the body. For example, bile salts produced by the liver help break apart dietary fats, and calcium phosphate salts form the mineral portion of teeth and bones. | C: dietary. |
Where does most of the sound we hear travel through?
Here are the choices:
A. light
B. air
C. the ground
D. water | Most of the sounds we hear reach our ears through the air, but sounds can also travel through liquids and solids. If you swim underwater—or even submerge your ears in bathwater—any sounds you hear have traveled to your ears through the water. Some solids, including glass and metals, are very good at transmitting sounds... | B: air. |
A reptile's what doesn't generate enough energy to keep their body temperature stable?
Here are the choices:
A. respiration
B. tissue
C. skin
D. metabolism | Like amphibians, reptiles are ectotherms with a slow metabolic rate. Their metabolism doesn’t generate enough energy to keep their body temperature stable. Instead, reptiles regulate their body temperature through their behavior. For example, the crocodile in Figure below is soaking up heat from the environment by bask... | D: metabolism. |
Bar, circle, and line are examples of what kind of data visualization?
Here are the choices:
A. formulas
B. spreadsheets
C. graphs
D. maps | Graphs are very useful tools in science because they display data visually. Three commonly used types of graphs are bar graphs, circle graphs, and line graphs. Each type of graph is suitable for a different type of data. | C: graphs. |
What is the first phase of mitosis?
Here are the choices:
A. meiosis
B. metaphase
C. telophase
D. prophase | The first and longest phase of mitosis is prophase . During prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope, or membrane, breaks down. In animal cells, the centrioles near the nucleus begin to separate and move to opposite poles (sides) of the cell. As the centrioles move, a spindle starts to f... | D: prophase. |
What term means an area where two closely related species continue to interact and reproduce?
Here are the choices:
A. hybrid zone
B. common zone
C. heterozone
D. homozone | Reconnection After speciation, two species may recombine or even continue interacting indefinitely. Individual organisms will mate with any nearby individual who they are capable of breeding with. An area where two closely related species continue to interact and reproduce, forming hybrids, is called a hybrid zone. Ove... | A: hybrid zone. |
Fungi may have both asexual and sexual stages of what?
Here are the choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. reproduction
C. absorption
D. development | Figure 24.8 Fungi may have both asexual and sexual stages of reproduction. | B: reproduction. |
Geysers erupt because what boiling hot substance is trapped beneath their surface?
Here are the choices:
A. oil
B. water
C. gas
D. lava | Geysers erupt because the water is trapped. The water becomes superheated until finally the pressure builds enough for it to break the seal. | B: water. |
About one-third of the human cerebral cortex is dedicated to analyzing and perceiving information related to what sense?
Here are the choices:
A. vision
B. touch
C. taste
D. hearing | 36.5 | Vision By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain how electromagnetic waves differs from sound waves • Trace the path of light through the eye to the point of the optic nerve • Explain tonic activity as it is manifested in photoreceptors in the retina Vision is the ability to detect light pattern... | A: vision. |
Fungus-like protists are what kind of feeders?
Here are the choices:
A. reverse
B. refractive
C. demonstrative
D. absorptive | Courtesy of H Weaver (JHU/APL), A Stern (SwRI), and the HST Pluto Companion Search Team. Pluto and its moon, Charon, are actually two objects . Public Domain. | D: absorptive. |
What is the process in which many new species evolve in a short period of time to fill available niches called?
Here are the choices:
A. learned behavior
B. adaptation
C. adaptive radiation
D. spontaneous mutation | After a mass extinction, many habitats are no longer inhabited by organisms because they have gone extinct. With new habitats available, some species will adapt to the new environments. Evolutionary processes act rapidly during these times. Many new species evolve to fill those available habitats. The process in which ... | C: adaptive radiation. |
After fertilization, how many cells does a zygote form into?
Here are the choices:
A. two
B. one
C. six
D. three | After fertilization, the zygote divides to form two cells: the upper cell, or terminal cell, and the lower, or basal, cell. The division of the basal cell gives rise to the suspensor, which eventually makes connection with the maternal tissue. The suspensor provides a route for nutrition to be transported from the moth... | A: two. |
Which common oxidizing agent can be used to oxidize alcohols?
Here are the choices:
A. potassium chloride
B. hydrogen dichromate
C. potassium dichromate
D. hydrogen chloride | Oxidation-reduction reactions are of central importance in organic chemistry and biochemistry. The burning of fuels that provides the energy to maintain our civilization and the metabolism of foods that furnish the energy that keeps us alive both involve redox reactions. All combustion reactions are also redox reaction... | C: potassium dichromate. |
What are gemstones known as when light cannot pass through them?
Here are the choices:
A. inorganic
B. protective
C. blocking
D. opaque | Most gemstones are not used exactly as they are found in nature. Usually, gems are cut and polished. Figure below shows an uncut piece of ruby and a ruby that has been cut and polished. The way a mineral splits along a surface allows it to be cut to produce smooth surfaces. Notice that the cut and polished ruby sparkle... | D: opaque. |
In biology, a relationship that benefits both entities is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. altruism
B. mutualism
C. predatory
D. naturalism | Some bacteria depend on other organisms for survival. For example, some bacteria live in the roots of legumes, such as pea plants ( Figure below ). The bacteria turn nitrogen-containing molecules into nitrogen that the plant can use. Meanwhile, the root provides nutrients to the bacteria. In this relationship, both the... | B: mutualism. |
Some animals prepare for the long winters by storing food and going dormant, a behavior called what?
Here are the choices:
A. resting
B. hibernation
C. gestation
D. pollination | B: hibernation. | |
Biochemical reactions are optimal at physiological temperatures because many what lose function at lower and higher temperatures?
Here are the choices:
A. hormones
B. neurons
C. enzymes
D. carbohydrates | Biochemical reactions are optimal at physiological temperatures. For example, most biochemical reactions work best at the normal body temperature of 98.6˚F (37˚C). Many enzymes lose function at lower and higher temperatures. At higher temperatures, an enzyme’s shape deteriorates, and only when the temperature comes bac... | C: enzymes. |
What is the attachment of ducklings to their mother an example of?
Here are the choices:
A. validating
B. impressionism
C. imprinting
D. magnetism | Figure 45.39 The attachment of ducklings to their mother is an example of imprinting. (credit: modification of work by Mark Harkin). | C: imprinting. |
All chordates are deuterostomes possessing a what?
Here are the choices:
A. endoderm
B. notochord
C. hydrochord
D. zygote | Figure 29.2 All chordates are deuterostomes possessing a notochord. | B: notochord. |
In vascular plants, the sporophyte generation is what?
Here are the choices:
A. fast
B. submissive
C. dominant
D. evident | In vascular plants, the sporophyte generation is dominant. In seedless vascular plants such as ferns, the sporophyte releases spores from the undersides of leaves. The spores develop into tiny, separate gametophytes, from which the next generation of sporophyte plants grows. | C: dominant. |
The combined gradient that affects an ion includes its concentration gradient and its what?
Here are the choices:
A. electrical gradient
B. radiation gradient
C. cell membrane
D. electron bond | 5.3 Active Transport The combined gradient that affects an ion includes its concentration gradient and its electrical gradient. A positive ion, for example, might tend to diffuse into a new area, down its concentration gradient, but if it is diffusing into an area of net positive charge, its diffusion will be hampered ... | A: electrical gradient. |
What is the first cell of a new organism?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleus
B. seed
C. zygote
D. egg | The new cell is stimulated with an electric shock and embryo development begins, as if it were a normal zygote . The zygote is the first cell of a new organism. | C: zygote. |
What part of the cell in plants and algae does photosynthesis take place?
Here are the choices:
A. mitochondria
B. fibers
C. organelles
D. cell wall | organelle in the cells of plants and algae where photosynthesis takes place. | C: organelles. |
Exemplified by canada and alaska, what kind of climate has cool, short summers and long, cold winters, little precipitation, and abundant conifers?
Here are the choices:
A. tropical climate
B. subarctic climate
C. temperate climate
D. droughts climate | Subarctic climates are found between 60° and 70° north latitude. Much of Canada and Alaska have this type of climate. Summers are cool and short. Winters are very cold and long. Little precipitation falls, and most of it falls during the summer. Conifer forests grow in this climate ( Figure below ). | B: subarctic climate. |
What are the only organelles that prokaryotic cells have?
Here are the choices:
A. chloroplasts
B. fibroblasts
C. nuclei
D. ribosomes | Eukaryotic cells have other organelles besides the nucleus. The only organelles in a prokaryotic cell are ribosomes. | D: ribosomes. |
What is the name of the cloud where most long-period comets come from?
Here are the choices:
A. bulge cloud
B. stellar cloud
C. oort cloud
D. volt cloud | Some comets have periods of thousands or even millions of years. Most long-period comets come from a very distant region of the solar system. This region is called the Oort cloud. The Oort cloud is about 50,000–100,000 times the distance from the Sun to Earth. | C: oort cloud. |
Different feeding "positions" in a food chain or web are associated with what kinds of levels?
Here are the choices:
A. heptic
B. trophic
C. benthic
D. autotrophic | The different feeding positions in a food chain or web are called trophic levels. | B: trophic. |
Ionic compound atoms of various elements gain or lose electrons to?
Here are the choices:
A. flatten ions
B. produce ions
C. become ions
D. expel ions | So far we have looked at ionic compounds, in which atoms of various elements gain or lose electrons to produce ions. The resulting ions are held together by strong attractions between oppositely charged particles. However, this only works for bonds between atoms in which one partner (the metal) has a tendency to lose e... | B: produce ions. |
Sedimentary rocks form in what kind of layers?
Here are the choices:
A. stacked
B. magnetic
C. vertical
D. horizontal | Sedimentary rocks are formed in horizontal layers. This is magnificently displayed around the southwestern United States. The arid climate allows rock layers to be well exposed ( Figure below ). The lowest layers are the oldest and the higher layers are younger. | D: horizontal. |
Plants obtain the molecules for cellular function though what?
Here are the choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. Plants
C. nutrients
D. tissues | Introduction All living organisms need nutrients to survive. While plants can obtain the molecules required for cellular function through the process of photosynthesis, most animals obtain their nutrients by the consumption of other organisms. At the cellular level, the biological molecules necessary for animal functio... | A: photosynthesis. |
The group of plants that can make their own food from inorganic raw materials in the presence of sunlight are referred to as what?
Here are the choices:
A. heterotrophic
B. autosynonomys
C. symbiotic
D. autotrophic | Plants obtain food in two different ways. Autotrophic plants can make their own food from inorganic raw materials, such as carbon dioxide and water, through photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight. Green plants are included in this group. Some plants, however, are heterotrophic: they are totally parasitic and lackin... | D: autotrophic. |
What type of disorders are caused by mutations in genes or abnormal numbers of chromosomes?
Here are the choices:
A. emotional disorders
B. immune system disorders
C. genetic disorders
D. thyroid disorders | Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few genes. Other genetic disorders are caused by abnormal numbers of chromosomes. | C: genetic disorders. |
What is the measure of sound intensity levels?
Here are the choices:
A. octaves
B. moles
C. decibels
D. centimeters | Sound intensity levels are quoted in decibels (dB) much more often than sound intensities in watts per meter squared. Decibels are the unit of choice in the scientific literature as well as in the popular media. The reasons for this choice of units are related to how we perceive sounds. How our ears perceive sound can ... | C: decibels. |
What is the temperature at which a substance freezes known as?
Here are the choices:
A. zero point
B. absolute zero
C. drop point
D. freezing point | The freezing point of a substance is the temperature at which it freezes. The freezing point of pure water is 0°C. | D: freezing point. |
Blood from what organs enters the left atrium of the heart?
Here are the choices:
A. lungs
B. intestines
C. Lymph nodes
D. Brain | Blood from the lungs enters the left atrium of the heart. The left atrium pumps the blood to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the body. | A: lungs. |
The farther an area is from the equator, what happens to the temperature?
Here are the choices:
A. it stabilizes
B. it fluctuates
C. it increases
D. it gets lower | At higher latitudes, the Sun’s rays are less direct. The farther an area is from the Equator, the lower its temperature. | D: it gets lower. |
What sort of issues can be determined by looking for certain particles in amniotic fluid?
Here are the choices:
A. impossible disorders
B. genetic disorders
C. artificial disorders
D. organic disorders | B: genetic disorders. | |
The lunar landscape is covered by craters caused by what?
Here are the choices:
A. asteroid impacts
B. volcanoes
C. earth impacts
D. water | The landscape of the Moon - its surface features - is very different from Earth. The lunar landscape is covered by craters caused by asteroid impacts ( Figure below ). The craters are bowl-shaped basins on the Moon’s surface. Because the Moon has no water, wind, or weather, the craters remain unchanged. | A: asteroid impacts. |
What is the name for the line dividing the earth's hemispheres?
Here are the choices:
A. longitude
B. equator
C. latitude
D. plate | B: equator. | |
Dependent on the frequency of sound waves, what term described how high or low a sound seems to a listener?
Here are the choices:
A. wavelength
B. pitch
C. direction
D. curve | How high or low a sound seems to a listener is its pitch . Pitch, in turn, depends on the frequency of sound waves. Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time. High-pitched sounds, like the sounds of the piccolo in the Figure below , have high-frequency waves. Low-pitched so... | B: pitch. |
Solar cells convert the energy in sunlight to what type of energy?
Here are the choices:
A. electrical energy
B. active energy
C. stellar energy
D. radical energy | Solar cells convert the energy in sunlight to electrical energy. Solar cells are also called photovoltaic (PV) cells because they use light ( photo- ) to produce voltage ( -voltaic ). Solar cells contain a material such as silicon that absorbs light energy. The energy knocks electrons loose so they can flow freely and ... | A: electrical energy. |
What occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells of the same size?
Here are the choices:
A. binary fission
B. linear fission
C. symbiotic fission
D. twin fission | Binary fission occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells of the same size. | A: binary fission. |
A group of individuals that consists of genetically related individuals that can breed to produce fertile young is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. population
B. colonies
C. community
D. species | A species is a group of individuals that are genetically related and can breed to produce fertile young. Individuals are not members of the same species if their members cannot produce offspring that can also have children. The second word in the two word name given to every organism is the species name. For example, i... | D: species. |
What is the most dangerous type of radiation?
Here are the choices:
A. plasma rays
B. gamma rays
C. sunlight rays
D. beta rays | Gamma rays are the most dangerous type of radiation. They can travel farther and penetrate materials more deeply than can the charged particles emitted during alpha and beta decay. Gamma rays can be stopped only by several centimeters of lead or several meters of concrete. It’s no surprise that they can penetrate and d... | B: gamma rays. |
What is the result when two monosaccharides are bound together?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrolysis
B. disaccharide
C. Peroxide
D. polyketide | The simple carbohydrates discussed above are used as the building blocks for complex carbohydrates. Monosaccharides like glucose or fructose can be linked together to form larger structures. When two monosaccharides are bound together, the result is a disaccharide . Some common disaccharides are shown in the Table belo... | B: disaccharide. |
What are the two major atmospheric gases?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon and helium
B. nitrogen and oxygen
C. nitrogen and hydrogen
D. hydrogen and oxygen | The major atmospheric gases are nitrogen and oxygen. The atmosphere also contains minor amounts of other gases, including carbon dioxide. | B: nitrogen and oxygen. |
What do you call the strands of dna wrapped around proteins, which are located inside the nucleus?
Here are the choices:
A. receptors
B. ribosomes
C. chromosomes
D. fibrils | Inside of the nucleus, you will find the chromosomes . Chromosomes are strands of DNA wrapped around proteins. They contain genes , or small units of genetic material (DNA) that contains the code for the creation of a protein. Human cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). There are hundreds to thousands of genes on each ... | C: chromosomes. |
Land could not be colonized by other organisms until what became established?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon dioxide
B. oxygen
C. gases
D. plants | All that changed when plants moved from water to land. This may have happened by 500 million years ago or even earlier. On land, everything was wide open. There were no other living things. Without plants, there was nothing for other organisms to eat. Land could not be colonized by other organisms until land plants bec... | D: plants. |
What are bacteria that stain purple are called?
Here are the choices:
A. gram-positive bacteria
B. complex bacteria
C. gram-neutral bacteria
D. gram-negative bacteria | Bacteria that stain purple are called gram-positive bacteria. They have a thick cell wall without an outer membrane. | A: gram-positive bacteria. |
When the bud is fully developed, it breaks away from the parent cell and forms a new what?
Here are the choices:
A. flower
B. leaf
C. organism
D. stem | Budding occurs when a parent cell forms a bubble-like bud. The bud stays attached to the parent cell while it grows and develops. When the bud is fully developed, it breaks away from the parent cell and forms a new organism. Budding in yeast is shown in Figure below . | C: organism. |
Arrows and cannon balls are examples of objects with what kind of motion?
Here are the choices:
A. projectile
B. fluid
C. velocity
D. accelerating | Examples of objects that have projectile motion include arrows and cannon balls. | A: projectile. |
What is the sugar that the cells of living things use for energy?
Here are the choices:
A. sucrose
B. chlorophyll
C. insulin
D. glucose | Sugars are simple carbohydrates. Molecules of sugar have just a few carbon atoms. The simplest sugar is glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ). Glucose is the sugar that the cells of living things use for energy. Plants and some other organisms make glucose in the process of photosynthesis. Living things that cannot make glucose obta... | D: glucose. |
What is the most important muscle involved in the process of breathing?
Here are the choices:
A. chest
B. mouth
C. trachea
D. diaphragm | How do lungs allow air in? Air moves into and out of the lungs by the movement of muscles. The most important muscle in the process of breathing is the diaphragm , a sheet of muscle that spreads across the bottom of the rib cage. The diaphragm and rib muscles contract and relax to move air into and out of the lungs. Du... | D: diaphragm. |
What is the basic characteristic of monoprotic bases?
Here are the choices:
A. accepts one neutron
B. accepts no neutrons
C. accepts one proton
D. accepts no protons | Similarly, monoprotic bases are bases that will accept a single proton. Diprotic acids contain two ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule; ionization of such acids occurs in two steps. The first ionization always takes place to a greater extent than the second ionization. For example, sulfuric acid, a strong acid, ioniz... | C: accepts one proton. |
What do we call a device used to store electric charge?
Here are the choices:
A. amplifier
B. battery
C. charger
D. capacitor | 19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics A capacitor is a device used to store electric charge. Capacitors have applications ranging from filtering static out of radio reception to energy storage in heart defibrillators. Typically, commercial capacitors have two conducting parts close to one another, but not touching, such as t... | D: capacitor. |
Has this ever happened to you? you walk across a carpet, reach out to touch a metal doorknob, and get an unpleasant electric shock? .the reason you get a shock is because of what?
Here are the choices:
A. electrical charge
B. solar charge
C. sunlight charge
D. temperature charge | Has this ever happened to you? You walk across a carpet, reach out to touch a metal doorknob, and get an unpleasant electric shock (see Figure below ). The reason you get a shock is because of moving electric charges. Moving electric charges also create lightning bolts and the electric current that flows through cables... | A: electrical charge. |
What planet is closest to our sun?
Here are the choices:
A. mercury
B. Earth
C. Venus
D. Pluto | Mercury is very close to the Sun, so it can get very hot. Mercury also has virtually no atmosphere. As the planet rotates very slowly, the temperature varies tremendously. In direct sunlight, the surface can be as hot as 427°C (801°F). On the dark side, the surface can be as cold as –183°C (–297°F)! The coldest tempera... | A: mercury. |
The ordovician-silurian extinction event is the first recorded mass extinction and the second largest. during this period, about what percent of marine species went extinct?
Here are the choices:
A. 99 percent
B. 40 percent
C. 85 percent
D. 10 percent | The Ordovician-Silurian extinction event is the first recorded mass extinction and the second largest. During this period, about 85 percent of marine species (few species lived outside the oceans) became extinct. The main hypothesis for its cause is a period of glaciation and then warming. The extinction event actually... | C: 85 percent. |
A small molecule that binds to a larger molecule is known as a?
Here are the choices:
A. ligand
B. enzyme
C. oxide
D. lipid | http://www. kentchemistry. com/links/Kinetics/entropy. htm. | A: ligand. |
What process that begins in utero during fetal development and continues on into adolescence involves closing of the skull?
Here are the choices:
A. elongation
B. ossification
C. incubation
D. calcification | Intramembranous ossification begins in utero during fetal development and continues on into adolescence. At birth, the skull and clavicles are not fully ossified nor are the sutures of the skull closed. This allows the skull and shoulders to deform during passage through the birth canal. The last bones to ossify via in... | B: ossification. |
What traits are those that are inherited unchanged in a hybridization?
Here are the choices:
A. dominant traits
B. recessive traits
C. mutations
D. alleles | Upon compiling his results for many thousands of plants, Mendel concluded that the characteristics could be divided into expressed and latent traits. He called these dominant and recessive traits, respectively. Dominant traits are those that are inherited unchanged in a hybridization. Recessive traits become latent, or... | A: dominant traits. |
What is required to break down and build up molecules and to transport molecules across plasma membranes?
Here are the choices:
A. calcium
B. energy
C. salt
D. electricity | Inside every cell of all living things, energy is needed to carry out life processes. Energy is required to break down and build up molecules and to transport molecules across plasma membranes. All life’s work needs energy. A lot of energy is also simply lost to the environment as heat. The story of life is a story of ... | B: energy. |
The three main rock types are igneous, metamorphic, and what?
Here are the choices:
A. basalt
B. sedimentary
C. silicate
D. crystalline | The three main rock types are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. | B: sedimentary. |
What body part does encephalitis attack?
Here are the choices:
A. lungs
B. brain
C. heart
D. liver | Encephalitis is a brain infection ( Figure below ). If you have encephalitis, you are likely to have a fever and headache or feel drowsy and confused. The disease is most often caused by viruses. The immune system tries to fight off a brain infection, just as it tries to fight off other infections. But sometimes this c... | B: brain. |
What type of reproduction takes place when an animal simply divides into two parts?
Here are the choices:
A. budding
B. fusion
C. sexual reproduction
D. fission | Some invertebrates can also reproduce asexually. This may occur by fission or budding. Fission takes place when an animal simply divides into two parts. Each part then regrows the missing part. The result is two whole organisms. Budding may take place when a parent forms a small bump, or bud. The bud remains attached t... | D: fission. |
Winds moving air masses causes what?
Here are the choices:
A. tsunami
B. tremors
C. earthquake
D. weather | Global air currents cause global winds. The figure below shows the direction that these winds blow ( Figure below ). Global winds are the prevailing, or usual, winds at a given latitude. The winds move air masses, which causes weather. | D: weather. |
How many orders of magnitudes bigger is the electric force?
Here are the choices:
A. 33
B. 39
C. 45
D. 36 | and . The electric force is 39 orders of magnitudes bigger. | B: 39. |
What is the term for any way that an animal interacts with other animals or the environment?
Here are the choices:
A. animal behavior
B. immunity
C. animal way
D. animal biology | Animal behavior is any way that an animal interact with other animals or the environment. An animal may carry out behaviors alone or with other animals. The photos in Figure below show just a few of the ways that animals behave. Look at the pictures and read about the behaviors they represent. Why do you think the anim... | A: animal behavior. |
A mushroom is only a specialised reproductive part of the whole fungus. the main part of the fungi is underground in a whole web of hyphae, called this?
Here are the choices:
A. detritus
B. mycelium
C. hypothalamus
D. bacterium | Multicellular Photosynthetic Autotrophs hyphae are densely packed so it is difficult to see the individual structures when a mushroom is eaten. However, a mushroom is only a specialised reproductive part of the whole fungus. The main part of the fungi is underground in a whole web of hyphae, called a mycelium. In the m... | B: mycelium. |
Most oxygen in blood is bound to a protein called what, and carried to the tissues?
Here are the choices:
A. platelete
B. hemoglobin
C. plasma
D. hydrogen | Transport of Oxygen in the Blood Although oxygen dissolves in blood, only a small amount of oxygen is transported this way. Only 1.5 percent of oxygen in the blood is dissolved directly into the blood itself. Most oxygen—98.5 percent—is bound to a protein called hemoglobin and carried to the tissues. Hemoglobin Hemoglo... | B: hemoglobin. |
What do we call the only light that people can see?
Here are the choices:
A. natural light
B. spectral light
C. visible light
D. wave light | The only light that people can see is called visible light . This light consists of a very narrow range of wavelengths that falls between infrared light and ultraviolet light. Within the visible range, we see light of different wavelengths as different colors of light, from red light, which has the longest wavelength, ... | C: visible light. |
Carnivores are animals that eat other animals. the word carnivore is derived from latin and literally means this?
Here are the choices:
A. meat eater
B. amount eater
C. leaf eater
D. thick eater | Carnivores are animals that eat other animals. The word carnivore is derived from Latin and literally means “meat eater. ” Wild cats such as lions, shown in Figure 34.3a and tigers are examples of vertebrate carnivores, as are snakes and sharks, while invertebrate carnivores include sea stars, spiders, and ladybugs, sh... | A: meat eater. |
What term describes the sequential appearance and disappearance of species in a community over time after a severe disturbance?
Here are the choices:
A. supression
B. pattern
C. generational replacement
D. succession | Community Dynamics Community dynamics are the changes in community structure and composition over time, often following environmental disturbances such as volcanoes, earthquakes, storms, fires, and climate change. Communities with a relatively constant number of species are said to be at equilibrium. The equilibrium is... | D: succession. |
What can water's high surface tension be attributed t?
Here are the choices:
A. molecules create a thin film-like substance
B. polar molecules sticking together
C. territorial molecules sticking together
D. electric impulses in atoms | Water has remarkable properties. Water expands when it freezes, even though all other substances contract. This means that in the winter ice on a pond or lake will float. Water has high surface tension because polar molecules tend to stick together. That's why drops stick together or some bugs can walk on the surface o... | B: polar molecules sticking together. |
What supports life, and is also needed for the water cycle and weather?
Here are the choices:
A. atmosphere
B. fossil fuels
C. greenhouse gas
D. oxygen | We are lucky to have an atmosphere on Earth. The atmosphere supports life, and is also needed for the water cycle and weather. The gases of the atmosphere even allow us to hear. | A: atmosphere. |
The zoospores develop into haploid, multicellular male and female gametophytes, which produce?
Here are the choices:
A. spores
B. microorganisms
C. toxins
D. gametes | D: gametes. | |
Reducing the number of molecules in a rigid container causes what to decrease?
Here are the choices:
A. demand
B. energy
C. velocity
D. pressure | The canister on the left contains a gas at a certain pressure. The attached air pump is then used to double the amount of gas in the canister. Since the canister cannot expand, the increased number of air molecules will strike the inside walls of the canister twice as frequently as they did before. The result is that t... | D: pressure. |
What causes a lot of geological activity on the earth?
Here are the choices:
A. plate tectonics
B. landslides
C. weather
D. natural selection | Plate tectonic processes explain why we see many types of geological activity where we do. Stresses build up in some locations. These stresses may cause folding or faulting. Earthquakes strike along all three types of plate boundaries. The most damaging earthquakes are shallow focus. People in earthquake-prone regions ... | A: plate tectonics. |
The fuel that burns in a combustion reaction in many fossil fuels such as natural gas that consists of carbon hydrogen is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrocarbon
B. catalyst
C. fossil
D. helium | The fuel that burns in a combustion reaction is often a substance called a hydrocarbon. A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). Fossil fuels, such as natural gas, consist of hydrocarbons. Natural gas is a fuel that is commonly used in home furnaces and gas stoves (see Figure below ).... | A: hydrocarbon. |
What describes a combination of two or more substances, each of which maintains its own chemical identity?
Here are the choices:
A. solute
B. bond
C. structure
D. mixture | Water as a Component of Liquid Mixtures A mixture is a combination of two or more substances, each of which maintains its own chemical identity. In other words, the constituent substances are not chemically bonded into a new, larger chemical compound. The concept is easy to imagine if you think of powdery substances su... | D: mixture. |
Sodium-potassium pumps help nerve cells establish a voltage across their what?
Here are the choices:
A. potassium membranes
B. cell walls
C. sodium membranes
D. plasma membranes | D: plasma membranes. | |
Tin is oxidized at the anode, while silver ion is reduced at?
Here are the choices:
A. anodyne
B. cathode
C. gamma
D. iodine | The standard cell potential is positive, so the reaction is spontaneous as written. Tin is oxidized at the anode, while silver ion is reduced at the cathode. Note that the voltage for the silver ion reduction is not doubled even though the reduction half-reaction had to be doubled to balance the overall redox equation. | B: cathode. |
Adding a solute does what to the boiling point of a pure solvent?
Here are the choices:
A. increases it
B. reduces it
C. silences it
D. no effect | Adding a solute increases the boiling point of a pure solvent. This change can be calculated using the equation . | A: increases it. |
Illnesses caused by bacteria in food are commonly known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical poisoning
B. viral poisoning
C. food poisoning
D. the flu | Some pathogens spread through food or water. When harmful bacteria contaminate food, they cause foodborne illness, commonly called food poisoning. An example of a pathogen that spreads through water is the protozoan named Giardia lamblia, described in Table above . It causes a disease called giardiasis. | C: food poisoning. |
Most bacteria may be placed into one of three groups based on their response to gaseous?
Here are the choices:
A. potassium
B. carbon
C. oxygen
D. nitrogen | Most bacteria may be placed into one of three groups based on their response to gaseous oxygen. What are these three groups?. | C: oxygen. |
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