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test · 389k rows

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More uv rays reach the ground due to a decrease in what layer in the stratosphere? Here are the choices: A. gases B. ozone C. smog D. troposphere	With less ozone in the stratosphere, more UV rays reach the ground. More UV rays increase skin cancer rates. Just a 1 percent loss of ozone causes a 5 percent increase in skin cancer. More UV rays also harm plants and phytoplankton. As a result, they produce less food. This may affect entire ecosystems.	B: ozone.
Two species that share what cannot coexist in a community? Here are the choices: A. mood B. color C. language D. same niche		D: same niche.
In a wheel and axle, when force is applied either to the wheel or axle, what aspect of the force does not change? Here are the choices: A. direction B. speed C. shift D. pressure	In a wheel and axle, force may be applied either to the wheel or to the axle. In both cases, the direction of the force does not change, but the force is either increased or applied over a greater distance.	A: direction.
What can be used to determine the mass of a quantity of material? Here are the choices: A. inertial mass B. molar masses C. atomic masses D. gravitational mass	Molar masses can be used to determine the mass of a given quantity of material.	B: molar masses.
The thick skin, found only on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, has an extra what? Here are the choices: A. Skin B. outer C. surface D. layer	The Epidermis The epidermis is composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium. It is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. It does not have any blood vessels within it (i. , it is avascular). Skin that has four layers of cells is referred to as “thin skin. ” Fr...	D: layer.
What effect does tamiflu have on viruses and cells? Here are the choices: A. enhances cells B. inhibits spread of virus C. destroys all viruses D. reprograms viruses	an enzyme (viral neuraminidase) that allows new virions to leave their infected cells. Thus, Tamiflu inhibits the spread of virus from infected to uninfected cells. Other antiviral drugs, such as Ribavirin, have been used to treat a variety of viral infections, although its mechanism of action against certain viruses r...	B: inhibits spread of virus.
What is the main ingredient of mothballs? Here are the choices: A. ionized naphthalene B. hydrocarbon naphthalene C. processed naphthalene D. stable naphthalene	A: The main ingredient of mothballs is the hydrocarbon naphthalene. The main ingredient in nail polish remover is the hydrocarbon acetone. The lawn mower runs on a mixture of hydrocarbons called gasoline, and the camp stove burns a hydrocarbon fuel named isobutane.	B: hydrocarbon naphthalene.
What is the column of hot rock that continuously brings hot rock up from the mantle toward the crust? Here are the choices: A. hotspot B. flue C. mantle plume D. volcanic vent	Some volcanoes form over active hotspots . Scientists count about 50 hotspots on the Earth. Hotspots lie directly above a column of hot rock called a mantle plume . Mantle plumes continuously bring hot rock up from the mantle toward the crust ( Figure below ). The rock melts due to the release of pressure.	C: mantle plume.
What color light is actually the absence of electromagnetic waves in the visible spectrum, for humans? Here are the choices: A. blue light B. black light C. ultraviolet light D. infrared light	The visible range of light (i. e. the range of wavelengths that our eyes can detect) is a very narrow piece of the full EM spectrum. In the visible range our eyes differentiate between the different wavelengths by producing ‘color’ for them. When we observe something that is green, it is green to us, because the wavele...	B: black light.
What type of seeds come from plants that were traditionally grown in human populations, as opposed to the seeds used for large-scale agricultural production? Here are the choices: A. original seeds B. heirloom seeds C. modified seeds D. old-fashioned seeds	larger cities and economic growth therein leads to the construction of dams, the consequent flooding of ecosystems, and increased emissions of pollutants. Other threats to tropical forests come from poachers, who log trees for their precious wood. Ebony and Brazilian rosewood, both on the endangered list, are examples ...	B: heirloom seeds.
What is the organic material that comes from plants and animals that were recently living called? Here are the choices: A. chlorophyll B. contaminants C. biofuels D. biomass	Biomass is the material that comes from plants and animals that were recently living. Biomass can be burned directly. This happens when you burn a log in your fireplace. For as long as humans have had fire, people have used biomass for heating and cooking.	D: biomass.
What is the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties? Here are the choices: A. quark B. atom C. element D. molecule	An element is the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties.	C: element.
At least 20 percent of the world’s people do not have a ready supply of what? Here are the choices: A. clothing B. clean drinking water C. food D. oil	The water Americans get from their faucets is safe. This water has been treated and purified. At least 20% of the world’s people do not have clean drinking water always available. That's more than 1 billion people. They must drink water from where they can get it. Maybe straight from a river or pond ( Figure below ). H...	B: clean drinking water.
What simple machine consists of two connected rings or cylinders, one inside the other, which both turn in the same direction around a single center point? Here are the choices: A. pully B. spoke C. wheel and axle D. bloom and axle	A wheel and axle is a simple machine that consists of two connected rings or cylinders, one inside the other, which both turn in the same direction around a single center point. When force is applied to the inner axle, the ideal mechanical advantage is less than 1. When force is applied to the outer wheel, the ideal me...	C: wheel and axle.
Birds have air sacs that store inhaled air and push it into their what? Here are the choices: A. beaks B. abdomens C. lungs D. bones	Birds have air sacs that store inhaled air and push it into the lungs like bellows. This keeps the lungs constantly filled with oxygenated air. The lungs also contain millions of tiny passages that create a very large surface area for gas exchange with the blood (see Figure below ).	C: lungs.
What is in the soil that causes mars to look red? Here are the choices: A. garnet B. carbon C. iron D. sand	Viewed from Earth, Mars is red. This is due to large amounts of iron in the soil. The ancient Greeks and Romans named the planet Mars after the god of war. The planet's red color reminded them of blood. Mars has only a very thin atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide.	C: iron.
Convection generally involves the transfer of what type of energy? Here are the choices: A. magnetic B. sunlight C. radioactive D. thermal	Convection currents transfer thermal energy through many fluids, not just hot water in a pot. For example, convection currents transfer thermal energy through molten rock below Earth’s surface, through water in the oceans, and through air in the atmosphere. Convection currents in the atmosphere create winds. You can se...	D: thermal.
What is the term for a push or a pull on an object? Here are the choices: A. gravity B. effort C. action D. force	A force is a push or a pull on an object. When you place a book on a table, the book pushes downward on the table and the table pushes upward on the book. The two forces are equal and there is no resulting motion of the book. If, on the other hand, you hold the book in the air and let go, the force of gravity will pull...	D: force.
What term is used to describe the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body? Here are the choices: A. digestion B. excretion C. aeration D. diffusion	Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. It is one of the major ways the body maintains homeostasis.	B: excretion.
Which disease occurs when there is not enough hemoglobin in the blood? Here are the choices: A. Pulmonary B. Respiratory C. Diabetes D. anemia	Anemia is a disease that occurs when there is not enough hemoglobin (or iron) in the blood so it can’t carry adequate oxygen to the cells. There are many possible causes of anemia. One possible cause is excessive blood loss due to an injury or surgery. Not getting enough iron in the diet is another possible cause.	D: anemia.
In what state of matter are particles rigidly fixed in space and held tightly to neighboring particles? Here are the choices: A. liquids B. solids C. Gases D. energies	As shown in Figure above , each state of matter looks quite different at the molecular level. In the case of liquids and solids, the distances between particles are negligible relative to the size of each particle; they are essentially in direct contact with one another. In liquids, particles are free to move and excha...	B: solids.
What is a network solid and consists of carbon atoms covalently bonded to one another in a repeating three-dimensional pattern? Here are the choices: A. a diamond B. an agate C. a ruby D. a zirconium	Diamond is a network solid and consists of carbon atoms covalently bonded to one another in a repeating three-dimensional pattern. Each carbon atom makes four single covalent bonds in a tetrahedral geometry.	A: a diamond.
Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature, which means each organism is assigned what? Here are the choices: A. simple name B. single name C. two-part name D. complex name	Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature , a way to give a scientific name to every organism. In this system, each organism receives a two-part name in which the first word is the genus (a group of species), and the second word refers to one species in that genus. For example, a coyote's species name is Canis latrans ....	C: two-part name.
What do we call the mathematical field of study credited to french mathematician-philosopher rene descartes? Here are the choices: A. Euclidean geometry B. algebra C. calculus D. cartesian geometry	The plot that we know of as a graph was the brainchild of the French mathematician-philosopher Rene Descartes (1596-1650). His studies in mathematics led him to develop what was known as “Cartesian geometry”, including the idea of our current graphs. The coordinates are often referred to as Cartesian coordinates.	D: cartesian geometry.
Where do skeletal muscles usually attach? Here are the choices: A. to the spine B. to dendrites C. to cartilage D. end of bones	Many skeletal muscles are attached to the ends of bones where they meet at a joint. The muscles span the joint and connect the bones. When the muscles contract, they pull on the bones, causing them to move.	D: end of bones.
What do the cells in the front of a volvox typically develop to help swim towards light? Here are the choices: A. tumors B. eyespots C. vertebrates D. sunspots	Each Volvox , shown in Figure above , is a colonial organism. It is made up of between 1,000 to 3,000 photosynthetic algae that are grouped together into a hollow sphere. The sphere has a distinct front and back end. The cells have eyespots, which are more developed in the cells near the front. This enables the colony ...	B: eyespots.
What bodily system handles taking in oxygen, getting rid of carbon dioxide, aiding in speech production and sensing odors? Here are the choices: A. pulmonary system B. circulatory system C. nervous system D. respiratory system	CHAPTER REVIEW 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System The respiratory system is responsible for obtaining oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide, and aiding in speech production and in sensing odors. From a functional perspective, the respiratory system can be divided into two major areas: the conductin...	D: respiratory system.
The atom often (but not always) turns into a different what during the decay process? Here are the choices: A. aspect B. concept C. reaction D. element	When an atomic nucleus decays, it does so by releasing one or more particles. The atom often (but not always) turns into a different element during the decay process. The amount of radiation given off by a certain sample of radioactive material depends on the amount of material, how quickly it decays, and the nature of...	D: element.
Females are not influenced by the male sex hormone testosterone during embryonic development because they lack what? Here are the choices: A. y chromosome B. m chromosome C. x chromosome D. z chromosome	Unlike males, females are not influenced by the male sex hormone testosterone during embryonic development. This is because they lack a Y chromosome. As a result, females do not develop male reproductive organs. By the third month of fetal development, most of the internal female organs have formed. Immature eggs also ...	A: y chromosome.
Pressure relationships inspiration (or inhalation) and expiration (or exhalation) are dependent on the differences in pressure between the atmosphere and these? Here are the choices: A. lungs B. bones C. enzymes D. salts	Pressure Relationships Inspiration (or inhalation) and expiration (or exhalation) are dependent on the differences in pressure between the atmosphere and the lungs. In a gas, pressure is a force created by the movement of gas molecules that are confined. For example, a certain number of gas molecules in a two-liter con...	A: lungs.
Female monotremes share what external opening with reptiles and birds? Here are the choices: A. cloaca B. anus C. vagina D. urethra	Female monotremes lack a uterus and vagina. Instead, they have a cloaca with one external opening, like the cloaca of reptiles and birds. The opening is used to excrete wastes as well as lay eggs. The eggs of monotremes have a leathery shell, like the eggs of reptiles. Female monotremes have mammary glands but not nipp...	A: cloaca.
Collisions between hydrogen atoms demonstrate one form of what? Here are the choices: A. nuclear fusion B. nuclear radiation C. destructive fusion D. nuclear reaction	Collisions between hydrogen atoms demonstrate one form of nuclear fusion.	A: nuclear fusion.
Fluid-filled thylakoids are the site of glucose production in the second stage of what process? Here are the choices: A. glycolysis B. measurements C. photosynthesis D. birth	The interior space that surrounds the thylakoids is filled with a fluid called stroma . This is where carbon dioxide is used to produce glucose, the second part of photosynthesis.	C: photosynthesis.
What are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms? Here are the choices: A. lipids B. molecules C. proteins D. cells	All living things consist of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living organisms.	D: cells.
What concept can be applied to biology, because the structure of an organism, or part of an organism, depends on its function? Here are the choices: A. motion follows function B. attachment follows function C. form follows use D. form follows function	An important concept in biology is that form follows function. In other words, the structure of an organism, or part of an organism, depends on its function. Apply this concept to plants, and explain why plants have different types of cells and tissues.	D: form follows function.
Is sweat an exocrine or endocrine substance? Here are the choices: A. exocrine B. exocrine C. neither D. both	Epithelial tissue from epithelium. Below this is dermis, thicker and with blood vessels. Two specialized epithelia: • pseudostratified • transitional Pseudostratified epithelia lines the trachea (where it is ciliated)and the male urethra (where it is non ciliated), looks stratified but not. Transitional epithelia found...	A: exocrine.
Nuclei with even numbers of protons, neutrons, or both are more likely to be this? Here are the choices: A. unstable B. ionic C. stable D. solid	The nuclei that are to the left or to the right of the band of stability are unstable and exhibit radioactivity. They change spontaneously (decay) into other nuclei that are either in, or closer to, the band of stability. These nuclear decay reactions convert one unstable isotope (or radioisotope) into another, more st...	C: stable.
Some prokaryotes form spores for survival called what? Here are the choices: A. buds B. endospores C. gymnosperms D. rhizomes	Many organisms form spores for reproduction. Some prokaryotes form spores for survival. Called endospores , they form inside prokaryotic cells when they are under stress. The stress could be UV radiation, high temperatures, or harsh chemicals. Endospores enclose the DNA and help it survive under conditions that may kil...	B: endospores.
What is the liquid inside the central vacuole called? Here are the choices: A. cell sap B. chloroplasm C. cytoplasm D. osmotic fluid	The central vacuole contains large amounts of a liquid called cell sap, which differs in composition to the cell cytosol. Cell sap is a mixture of water, enzymes, ions, salts, and other substances. Cell sap may also contain toxic byproducts that have been removed from the cytosol. Toxins in the vacuole may help to prot...	A: cell sap.
Cancer cells take up glucose for what reason? Here are the choices: A. energy B. reproduction C. heating D. food	Despite its dangers, radioactivity has several uses. For example, it can be used to determine the ages of ancient rocks and fossils. It can also be used as a source of power to generate electricity. Radioactivity can even be used to diagnose and treat diseases, including cancer. Cancer cells grow rapidly and take up a ...	A: energy.
Birds and insects perform what function for flowering plants? Here are the choices: A. condensation B. vegetation C. pollination D. irrigation	Insects and birds pollinate flowering plants, including crop plants.	C: pollination.
Most carcinogens produce mutations in genes that control what? Here are the choices: A. digestive cycle B. proteins cycle C. cell cycle D. ubiquitous cycle	Most carcinogens produce mutations in genes that control the cell cycle.	C: cell cycle.
What type of equations allows calculation of the wavelength of any moving object? Here are the choices: A. fluctuations wave B. develpoment wave C. disc wave D. debroglie wave	The deBroglie wave equations allows calculation of the wavelength of any moving object.	D: debroglie wave.
Each new horizontal row of the periodic table corresponds to the beginning of a new period because a new principal energy level is being filled with what? Here are the choices: A. protons B. neutrons C. photons D. electrons	When ordered by atomic number, the discrepancies within Mendeleev’s table disappeared. Tellurium has an atomic number of 52, while iodine has an atomic number of 53. So even though tellurium does indeed have a greater atomic mass than iodine, it is properly placed before iodine in the periodic table. Mendeleev and Mose...	D: electrons.
What kind of energy is specifically defined as the energy that is available to do work? Here are the choices: A. used B. free C. new D. old	6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy Energy comes in many different forms. Objects in motion do physical work, and kinetic energy is the energy of objects in motion. Objects that are not in motion may have the potential to do work, and thus, have potential energy. Molecules also have potential energy bec...	B: free.
Only a small percent of earth's water is what type, as opposed to saltwater? Here are the choices: A. runoff B. rainwater C. fresh D. groundwater	Only a very small percentage of Earth’s water is fresh, liquid water on the surface. But that tiny fraction of water is vital. It is needed by humans, plants, and many other living things. Liquid freshwater flows over Earth’s surface in streams and rivers. It also forms ponds, lakes, and wetlands. People use freshwater...	C: fresh.
The kidneys work with the urinary system to remove what? Here are the choices: A. ions B. wastes C. water D. nutrients	The kidneys play many vital roles in homeostasis . They work with many other organ systems to do this. For example, they work with the circulatory system to filter blood, and with the urinary system to remove wastes.	B: wastes.
What is asexual reproduction in which an egg develops without being fertilized called? Here are the choices: A. metamorphosis B. binary fission C. budding D. parthenogenesis		D: parthenogenesis.
What does water vapor in the atmosphere cool and condense into? Here are the choices: A. oceans B. rain C. puddles D. clouds	Figure below shows the role of the atmosphere in the water cycle. Water vapor rises from Earth’s surface into the atmosphere. As it rises, it cools. The water vapor may then condense into water droplets and form clouds. If enough water droplets collect in clouds they may fall as rain. This how freshwater gets from the ...	D: clouds.
Carbon-14 dating is a method of what kind of dating? Here are the choices: A. stratigraphy B. orbital C. metamorphic D. radiometric	The best-known method of radiometric dating is carbon-14 dating . A living thing takes in carbon-14 (along with stable carbon-12). As the carbon-14 decays, it is replaced with more carbon-14. After the organism dies, it stops taking in carbon. That includes carbon-14. The carbon-14 that is in its body continues to deca...	D: radiometric.
Friendly bacteria live mostly in the large intestine and part of the small intestine, because what organ is too acidic? Here are the choices: A. liver B. stomach C. rectum D. skin	Your large intestine is not just made up of cells. It is also an ecosystem , home to trillions of bacteria known as the "gut flora" ( Figure below ). But don't worry, most of these bacteria are helpful. Friendly bacteria live mostly in the large intestine and part of the small intestine. The acidic environment of the s...	B: stomach.
The addition of heat changes liquid water to what? Here are the choices: A. ice B. rainwater C. water vapor D. distilled water		C: water vapor.
What is the most widely accepted theory explaining how muscle fibers contract? Here are the choices: A. sliding carbon theory B. sliding filament theory C. sliding tritium theory D. sliding pigment theoery	The most widely accepted theory explaining how muscle fibers contract is called the sliding filament theory . According to this theory, myosin filaments use energy from ATP to “walk” along the actin filaments with their cross bridges. This pulls the actin filaments closer together. The movement of the actin filaments a...	B: sliding filament theory.
Power in electricity is the voltage multiplied by what? Here are the choices: A. power B. wattage C. amperes D. the current	; Power in electricity is the voltage multiplied by the current.	D: the current.
What are the vertical columns of similar chemical properties on the periodic table? Here are the choices: A. groups B. Family C. zones D. Pods		A: groups.
What forms the changing shapes of sand dunes? Here are the choices: A. temperature B. humidity C. wind D. magnetism	Since we can observe wind forming sand dunes with these patterns now, we have a good explanation for how the Navajo sandstone formed. The Navajo sandstone is a rock formed from ancient sand dunes. The rock shows that the ancient wind direction changed from time to time.	C: wind.
What is the process in which one cell divides to form two new cells called? Here are the choices: A. cell division B. cell direction C. cell contribution D. Cell Formation	Cell division is part of the life cycle of virtually all cells. Cell division is the process in which one cell divides to form two new cells.	A: cell division.
What reaction is considered the reverse of photosynthesis? Here are the choices: A. cellular decay B. cellular transfer C. cellular digestion D. cellular respiration	Many important biological processes involve redox reactions, which frequently store and release energy. For example, photosynthesis involves the reduction of carbon dioxide into glucose and the oxidation of water into oxygen. This process stores the energy of sunlight in the bonds of sugars. The reverse reaction, cellu...	D: cellular respiration.
What are composed of an oxygen atom that forms single bonds with two carbon atoms? Here are the choices: A. sugars B. solvents C. ethers D. acids	Ethers are composed of an oxygen atom that forms single bonds with two carbon atoms. Ethers are relatively unreactive making them good solvents for other organic compounds, such as in the formation of anesthetics.	C: ethers.
Where do cells come from? Here are the choices: A. mutations B. nuclear fission C. sexual reproduction D. preexisting cells	No matter what the cell, all cells come from preexisting cells through the process of cell division. This is one of the core concepts of the Cell Theory. The cell may be the simplest bacterium or a complex muscle, bone, or blood cell. The cell may comprise the whole organism, or be just one cell of trillions. But whate...	D: preexisting cells.
What are the female gametes that form in the ovaries? Here are the choices: A. genes B. sperm C. eggs D. spermatozoa	Eggs are female gametes that form in the ovaries and are released into the fallopian tubes.	C: eggs.
What are plants in the diploid generation called? Here are the choices: A. monocots B. haplocytes C. sporophytes D. keratinocytes	Plants in the diploid generation are called sporophytes . They form from the fertilization of gametes. They reproduce asexually. They have a structure called a sporangium that produces haploid spores by meiosis. Spores develop into the haploid generation. Then the cycle repeats.	C: sporophytes.
Through what do moving particles transfer thermal energy? Here are the choices: A. tissue B. gas C. plasma D. fluid	Moving particles transfer thermal energy through a fluid by forming convection currents.	D: fluid.
What is the name for the water-splitting step of photosynthesis? Here are the choices: A. cellular respiration B. peristalsis C. hydrolysis D. photolysis		D: photolysis.
The entropy change is positive as the solid state changes into which state? Here are the choices: A. liquid B. mixture C. gas D. chemical	The entropy change is positive as the solid state changes into the liquid state. If the transition went from the liquid to the solid state, the numerical value for would be the same, but the sign would be reversed since we are going from a less ordered to a more ordered situation.	A: liquid.
The process when heat is released is referred to as what? Here are the choices: A. insular B. geothermal C. exothermic D. endothermic	Heat involves the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are at different temperatures. If you held a flask containing a reaction that releases energy, you would be able to feel the heat being transferred from the reaction into your hand. A process in which heat is released is referred to as exothermic . Co...	C: exothermic.
What is a large space that helps the organism digest & move nutrients around the cnidarian body? Here are the choices: A. vacuole B. abdominal wall C. gastrovascular cavity D. thorax	Unlike the sponges which evolved prior to cnidarians, the cnidarians are made up of true tissues. The inside of a cnidarian is called the gastrovascular cavity , a large space that helps the organism digest and move nutrients around the body. The cnidarians also have nerve tissue organized into a net-like structure, kn...	C: gastrovascular cavity.
An infection of the brain is called? Here are the choices: A. tuberculosis B. encephalitis C. influenza D. syphilis	Bacteria and viruses can infect the brain or spinal cord. An infection of the brain is called encephalitis. An infection of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord is called meningitis. A vaccine is available to prevent meningitis caused by viruses (see Figure below ).	B: encephalitis.
The converging of continental plates can form what kind of geological feature? Here are the choices: A. plains B. shores C. mountains D. streams	When two continental plates converge, they smash together and create mountains.	C: mountains.
Mammals generally lack a cloaca and have a separate opening for the what? Here are the choices: A. urinary tract B. physical tract C. digestive tract D. tissues tract		C: digestive tract.
Chordates are defined by a set of four characteristics that are shared by these animals at some point during their? Here are the choices: A. response B. development C. birth D. death	Chordates are defined by a set of four characteristics that are shared by these animals at some point during their development. In some chordates, all four traits are present in the adult animal and serve important functions. However, in many chordates, including humans, some traits are present only during the embryoni...	B: development.
What is produced during the light reactions in photosynthesis? Here are the choices: A. oxygen B. carbon C. waste D. nitrogen	Photosynthesis begins with the light reactions. It is during these reactions that the energy from sunlight is absorbed by the pigment chlorophyll in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. The energy is then temporarily transferred to two molecules, ATP and NADPH, which are used in the second stage of photosynthesi...	A: oxygen.
Nerves of the hands, arms, feet, legs, and trunk are part of what system? Here are the choices: A. peripheral nervous system B. urinary system C. circulatory system D. cardiovascular system	There are other nerves in your body that are not found in the brain or spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) ( Figure below ) contains all the nerves in the body that are found outside of the central nervous system. They include nerves of the hands, arms, feet, legs, and trunk. They also include nerves of th...	A: peripheral nervous system.
Generally, momentum implies a tendency to continue on course—to move in the same direction—and is associated with great mass and speed. momentum, like energy, is important because it is what? Here are the choices: A. invisible B. endless C. sequences D. conserved	Introduction to Linear Momentum and Collisions We use the term momentum in various ways in everyday language, and most of these ways are consistent with its precise scientific definition. We speak of sports teams or politicians gaining and maintaining the momentum to win. We also recognize that momentum has something t...	D: conserved.
Which types of muscles cause bones to move when they retract? Here are the choices: A. active muscles B. working muscles C. skeletal muscles D. bone muscles	Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton and cause bones to move when they contract.	C: skeletal muscles.
Which is the final step of cell division? Here are the choices: A. Mitosis B. cytokinesis C. genesys D. electrolysis	Cytokinesis is the final step in cell division. It often occurs concurrently with telophase, though it is a separate process. Cytokinesis ( Figure below ) differs between plant and animal cells. In animal cells, the plasma membrane pinches inward along the cell’s equator until two cells are formed. Specifically, a clea...	B: cytokinesis.
What are xylem and phloem responsible for transporting to the cells of leaves? Here are the choices: A. water and blood B. light and gas C. water and minerals D. air and dirt	Veins are made primarily of xylem and phloem. They transport water and minerals to the cells of leaves and carry away dissolved sugar.	C: water and minerals.
What kind of cell is a cell with two chromosomes? Here are the choices: A. neurotic cell B. diploid cell C. haploid cells D. mutated cell		B: diploid cell.
Which term literally means 'spore in a vessel'? Here are the choices: A. germination B. cyanobacteria C. sporangia D. Carboid	to the embryo as it develops into the new generation of sporophyte. This distinguishing feature of land plants gave the group its alternate name of embryophytes. Sporangia in Seedless Plants The sporophyte of seedless plants is diploid and results from syngamy (fusion) of two gametes. The sporophyte bears the sporangia...	C: sporangia.
Human culture is related to evolutionary theory in the discipline of what? Here are the choices: A. psychopathology B. ethnology C. astrology D. sociobiology		D: sociobiology.
Which forces hold particles together in more ordered states? Here are the choices: A. particular B. intermolecular C. gravitational D. natural	Chemical energy, the energy stored in molecules and atoms, is one type of potential energy. Certain reactions can cause this energy to be released as heat. Other reactions require an input of energy, in which case the products will store more potential energy than the reactants. When we studied phase changes, we saw a ...	B: intermolecular.
What is the movement of muscle in the digestive system called? Here are the choices: A. labor contractions B. peristalsis C. acid reflux D. apoptosis	The organs of the digestive system are lined with muscles. The muscles contract, or tighten, to push food through the system ( Figure below ). The muscles contract in waves. The waves pass through the digestive system like waves through a slinky. This movement of muscle contractions is called peristalsis . Without peri...	B: peristalsis.
Smoking increases the risk of cancer from what radioactive gas that can also be detected with a test kit for your home? Here are the choices: A. arsenic B. carbon monoxide C. radon D. carbon dioxide	Radon is also radioactive and can easily be inhaled into the lungs. Over time, this internal radon exposure can lead to the development of lung cancer. The incidence of lung cancer in smokers exposed to radon is much higher than that in non-smokers exposed to radon since smoking has already produced some lung damage, a...	C: radon.
What is the main function of the cardiovascular system? Here are the choices: A. implanatation B. respiration C. to transport D. digestion	Many ecosystems have changed because of human actions. The human species is responsible for a range of environmental problems.	C: to transport.
When something is described as "hydrophilic", you can determine something about how it interacts with what? Here are the choices: A. air B. hydrogen C. iron D. water	hydrophilic heads are directed outward, in contact with the water. Each micelle may contain thousands of lipid molecules. Polar lipids may also form a monolayer, a layer one molecule thick on the surface of the water. The polar heads face into water, and the nonpolar tails stick up into the air. Bilayers are double lay...	D: water.
What human traits are controlled by more than one gene? Here are the choices: A. mutant traits B. polygenic traits C. maladaptive traits D. autolysis traits	Many human traits are controlled by more than one gene. These traits are called polygenic traits (or characteristics). The alleles of each gene have a minor additive effect on the phenotype. There are many possible combinations of alleles, especially if each gene has multiple alleles. Therefore, a whole continuum of ph...	B: polygenic traits.
Most chromosomal disorders involve which chromosomes? Here are the choices: A. ribosomes B. protosomes C. sex chromosomes D. autosomes	Most chromosomal disorders involve the sex chromosomes. Can you guess why? The X and Y chromosomes are very different in size. The X is much larger than the Y. This difference in size creates problems. It increases the chances that the two chromosomes will fail to separate properly during meiosis.	C: sex chromosomes.
Carbonic anhydrase plays what role to achieve a variety of results involving different organs? Here are the choices: A. enzyme B. sequence C. inhibition D. blocker	About 67 percent of the water, Na+, and K+ entering the nephron is reabsorbed in the PCT and returned to the circulation. Almost 100 percent of glucose, amino acids, and other organic substances such as vitamins are normally recovered here. Some glucose may appear in the urine if circulating glucose levels are high eno...	A: enzyme.
What is it called when minerals replace the organic material to create fossils? Here are the choices: A. carbonization B. permineralization C. spongin D. petrification	Some fossils are created when minerals replace the organic material. This is called permineralization.	B: permineralization.
Smaller sized galaxies are known as what? Here are the choices: A. constellations B. nebula C. black holes D. dwarf galaxies	Dwarf galaxies are small galaxies containing “only” a few million to a few billion stars. Most dwarf galaxies are irregular in shape. However, there are also dwarf elliptical galaxies and dwarf spiral galaxies . Dwarf galaxies are the most common type in the Universe. However, because they are relatively small and dim,...	D: dwarf galaxies.
What is the name of the supportive structed that helps move a worm's muscles? Here are the choices: A. hydroskeleton B. pollenation C. exoskeleton D. spongin	Segmented worms have a well-developed body cavity filled with fluid. This fluid-filled cavity serves as a hydroskeleton , a supportive structure that helps move the worm's muscles. Only the most primitive worms (the flatworms) lack a body cavity.	A: hydroskeleton.
What type of transport occurs when substances cross the plasma membrane without any input of energy from the cell? Here are the choices: A. wave diffusion B. physical transport C. active transport D. passive transport	Passive transport occurs when substances cross the plasma membrane without any input of energy from the cell. No energy is needed because the substances are moving from an area where they have a higher concentration to an area where they have a lower concentration. Concentration refers to the number of particles of a s...	D: passive transport.
A mold is an imprint of an organism left in what? Here are the choices: A. magma B. fossil C. rock D. band	Fossils may form in other ways. With complete preservation, the organism doesn't change much. As seen below, tree sap may cover an organism and then turn into amber. The original organism is preserved so that scientists might be able to study its DNA. Organisms can also be completely preserved in tar or ice. Molds and ...	C: rock.
Particles of different densities exert different amounts of what? Here are the choices: A. resistance B. energy C. pressure D. force	Christopher Auyeung. Particles of different densities exert different amounts of pressure . CC BY-NC 3.0.	C: pressure.
Plants generally transport carbohydrates from leaves to roots and other nonphotosynthetic organs in the form of what? Here are the choices: A. potassium B. sucrose C. glucose D. chloride		B: sucrose.
Monocots and eudicots differ in what type of a leaf's tissue? Here are the choices: A. reproductive B. structural C. circulatory D. vascular		D: vascular.
What kind of reproduction, in general, relies on sets of cells that are precursors for eggs and sperm? Here are the choices: A. sexual B. binary fission C. fusion D. asexual		A: sexual.
A lens of what shape causes rays of light to diverge, or spread apart, as they pass through it? Here are the choices: A. flat B. concave C. elongated D. convex	A concave lens is thicker at the edges than it is in the middle. You can see the shape of a concave lens in the Figure below . From the diagram, it’s clear that the lens causes rays of light to diverge, or spread apart, as they pass through it. Note that the image formed by a concave lens is on the same side of the len...	B: concave.
What is the complex network of nervous tissue that carries electrical messages throughout the body? Here are the choices: A. circulatory system B. lymphatic system C. nervous system D. respiratory system	A small child darts in front of your bike as you race down the street. You see the child and immediately react. You put on the brakes, steer away from the child, and yell out a warning, all in just a split second. How do you respond so quickly? Such rapid responses are controlled by your nervous system. The nervous sys...	C: nervous system.
Crowding and resource limitation can have a profound effect on the rate of what? Here are the choices: A. cultural advances B. technology advances C. population stagnation D. population growth		D: population growth.

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