questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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X and y are the labels of what specialized human chromosomes?
Here are the choices:
A. carb chromosomes
B. exotic chromosomes
C. protein chromosomes
D. sex chromosomes | The 24 human chromosomes. The autosomes are numbered 1 - 22, based on size, with chromosome 1 being the largest. The X and Y sex chromosomes are shown in the box. | D: sex chromosomes. |
Isotopes are named for their number of ______ plus neutrons?
Here are the choices:
A. protons
B. nuclei
C. atoms
D. electrons | Isotopes are named for their number of protons plus neutrons. If a carbon atom had 7 neutrons, what would it be named?. | A: protons. |
Because fungi feed on decaying and dead matter, they play what important role by releasing essential elements into the environment?
Here are the choices:
A. consumers
B. carnivores
C. producers
D. decomposers | CHAPTER SUMMARY 24.1 Characteristics of Fungi Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that appeared on land more than 450 million years ago. They are heterotrophs and contain neither photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll, nor organelles such as chloroplasts. Because fungi feed on decaying and dead matter, they are saprobe... | D: decomposers. |
If the temperature of a gas sample is decreased, what happens to the volume?
Here are the choices:
A. stays the same
B. increases
C. expands
D. decreases | If the temperature of a gas sample is decreased, the volume decreases as well. | D: decreases. |
Most food chains and webs have a maximum of how many trophic levels?
Here are the choices:
A. 4
B. 6
C. 10
D. 3 | A trophic level is a feeding position in a food chain or food web. Most food chains and webs have a maximum of four trophic levels. There is less energy and biomass at higher trophic levels. | A: 4. |
What refers to the development and nourishment of an embryo within the mother’s body but not inside an egg?
Here are the choices:
A. adolescence
B. ovulation
C. birth
D. vivipary | Vivipary refers to the development and nourishment of an embryo within the mother’s body but not inside an egg. Birth may be followed by a period of parental care of the offspring. This reproductive strategy occurs in almost all mammals including humans. | D: vivipary. |
What kind of anaerobe is yeast?
Here are the choices:
A. obligate
B. aerobic
C. mutualistic
D. facultative | Yeast is a facultative anaerobe. This means that alcohol fermentation takes place only if: a. the temperature is close to 37°C b. the atmosphere does not contain oxygen c. sugar is provided to the cells d. light is provided to the cells. | D: facultative. |
Bones are far from static, or unchanging. instead, they are what?
Here are the choices:
A. stable
B. continuous
C. dynamic
D. fluid | Bones are far from static, or unchanging. Instead, they are dynamic, living tissues that are constantly being reshaped. Under the direction of osteocytes, osteoblasts continuously build up bone, while osteoclasts continuously break it down. You can watch an animated video of these processes in bone at http://www. youtu... | C: dynamic. |
After entering the circulation, approximately one-third of platelets migrate to what organ for storage, to be released in response to any blood vessel rupture?
Here are the choices:
A. spleen
B. kidneys
C. lungs
D. bladder | Platelets You may occasionally see platelets referred to as thrombocytes, but because this name suggests they are a type of cell, it is not accurate. A platelet is not a cell but rather a fragment of the cytoplasm of a cell called a megakaryocyte that is surrounded by a plasma membrane. Megakaryocytes are descended fro... | A: spleen. |
What causes a small scrap of paper placed on top of the water droplet to float , although the object is denser (heavier) than the water?
Here are the choices:
A. surface tension
B. diffusion
C. transfusion
D. van der waals force | a small scrap of paper onto a droplet of water, the paper floats on top of the water droplet, although the object is denser (heavier) than the water. This occurs because of the surface tension that is created by the water molecules. Cohesion and surface tension keep the water molecules intact and the item floating on t... | A: surface tension. |
What is the term for a structure composed of more than one type of tissue?
Here are the choices:
A. organ
B. system
C. marrow
D. cortex | Like animals, plants have organs that are specialized to carry out complex functions. An organ is a structure composed of more than one type of tissue. A tissue, in turn, is a group of cells of the same kind that do the same job. In this lesson, you will read about the tissues that do the important work of plants. The ... | A: organ. |
What is the pair of bean-shaped organs situated just above the waist?
Here are the choices:
A. lungs
B. kidneys
C. pancreas
D. aorta | The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs just above the waist. A cross-section of a kidney is shown in Figure below . The function of the kidney is to filter blood and form urine. Urine is the liquid waste product of the body that is excreted by the urinary system. Nephrons are the structural and functional units o... | B: kidneys. |
What part of a bird is adapted for the food it eats?
Here are the choices:
A. teeth
B. eye
C. head
D. beak | Bird beaks are generally adapted for the food they eat. For example, the sharp, hooked beak of a raptor is well suited for killing and tearing apart prey. The long beak of the hummingbird in Figure below co-evolved with the tube-shaped flowers from which it sips nectar. | D: beak. |
What is the inner cell mass formed by the cells of the blastocyst called?
Here are the choices:
A. xerophyte
B. embryoblast
C. ectoderm
D. amniotic cavity | The cells of the blastocyst form an inner cell mass and an outer cell layer, as shown in Figure below . The inner cell mass is called the embryoblast . These cells will soon develop into an embryo. The outer cell layer is called the trophoblast . These cells will develop into other structures needed to support and nour... | B: embryoblast. |
What does the distribution of darts on a dartboard shows the difference between?
Here are the choices:
A. equilibrium and precision
B. production and precision
C. accuracy and precision
D. Aim and precision | The distribution of darts on a dartboard shows the difference between accuracy and precision. | C: accuracy and precision. |
What gas do the lungs give up as they take in oxygen?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon monoxide
B. carbon dioxide
C. nitrogen
D. methane | Pulmonary circulation is the part of the circulatory system that carries blood between the heart and lungs (the term “pulmonary” means “of the lungs”). It is illustrated in Figure below . Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle through pulmonary arteries, which transport it to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood g... | B: carbon dioxide. |
What is the term for the last stage of life before adulthood?
Here are the choices:
A. childhood
B. adolescence
C. pre-pubescence
D. old age | For the first year after birth, a baby is called an infant . Childhood begins at age two and continues until adolescence. Adolescence is the last stage of life before adulthood. | B: adolescence. |
Breaking of weak bonds, which tend to form between positive and negative charges, does not require much what?
Here are the choices:
A. time
B. heat
C. energy
D. catalyzation | Hydrogen Bonds Ionic and covalent bonds are strong bonds that require considerable energy to break. However, not all bonds between elements are ionic or covalent bonds. Weaker bonds can also form. These are attractions that occur between positive and negative charges that do not require much energy to break. Two weak b... | C: energy. |
What two organs secrete fluids that aid in digestion?
Here are the choices:
A. pancreas and liver
B. kidney and gall bladder
C. spleen and bladder
D. stomach and lung | The pancreas and liver secrete fluids that aid in digestion. | A: pancreas and liver. |
When light meets matter, it may be reflected, transmitted, or what?
Here are the choices:
A. reflected
B. diffracted
C. absorbed
D. diffuse | C: absorbed. | |
When a sperm penetrates the egg, it triggers the egg to complete what?
Here are the choices:
A. lesions
B. mutations
C. fertilization
D. meiosis | When a sperm penetrates the egg, it triggers the egg to complete meiosis. The sperm also undergoes changes. Its tail falls off, and its nucleus fuses with the nucleus of the egg. The resulting cell, called a zygote, contains all the chromosomes needed for a new human organism. Half the chromosomes come from the egg and... | D: meiosis. |
What chromosome determines the sex of an organism?
Here are the choices:
A. ribosome
B. S chromosome
C. sex chromosome
D. autosome | A sex chromosome is a chromosome that determines the sex of an organism. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y . Females have two X chromosomes ( XX ), and males have one X and one Y chromosome ( XY ). An autosome is any chromosome other than a sex chromosome. If a trait is autosomal it will affect males and females... | C: sex chromosome. |
In contrast to precision, this term means how close a measurement is to the correct or accepted value of the quantity being measured?
Here are the choices:
A. deviant
B. accuracy
C. frequency
D. diversity | In everyday speech, the terms accuracy and precision are frequently used interchangeably. However, their scientific meanings are quite different. Accuracy is a measure of how close a measurement is to the correct or accepted value of the quantity being measured. Precision is a measure of how close a series of measureme... | B: accuracy. |
Where is most of the cell's dna contained?
Here are the choices:
A. cell membrane
B. vacuole
C. nucleus
D. epidermis | Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, mitochondria have their own DNA. Mitochondria also have the machinery to manufacture their own RNAs and proteins. The human mitochondrial DNA sequence has 16,569 base pairs encoding 37 total genes: 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 13 peptide genes. The 13 ... | C: nucleus. |
The four major classes of biological macromolecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. fats
B. liquids
C. nucleic acids
D. structural acids | 3.1 | Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Understand the synthesis of macromolecules • Explain dehydration (or condensation) and hydrolysis reactions As you’ve learned, biological macromolecules are large molecules, necessary for life, that are built from smaller or... | C: nucleic acids. |
What protects you from pathogens and keeps you healthy?
Here are the choices:
A. immunity system
B. potent system
C. health system
D. immune system | Your immune system usually protects you from pathogens and keeps you well. However, like any other body system, the immune system itself can develop problems. Sometimes it responds to harmless foreign substances as though they were pathogens. Sometimes it attacks the body’s own cells. Certain diseases can also attack a... | D: immune system. |
Although they differ vastly in hardness, pencil lead and diamonds both contain what element?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen
B. graphite
C. oxygen
D. carbon | Hardness helps determine how an element (especially a metal) might be used. Many elements are fairly soft (silver and gold, for example) while others (such as titanium, tungsten, and chromium) are much harder. Carbon is an interesting example of hardness. In graphite (the “lead” found in pencils) the carbon is very sof... | D: carbon. |
The majority of salamanders lack what organs, so respiration occurs through the skin or through external gills?
Here are the choices:
A. lungs
B. noses
C. throats
D. mouths | Modern Amphibians Amphibia comprises an estimated 6,770 extant species that inhabit tropical and temperate regions around the world. Amphibians can be divided into three clades: Urodela (“tailed-ones”), the salamanders; Anura (“tail-less ones”), the frogs; and Apoda (“legless ones”), the caecilians. Urodela: Salamander... | A: lungs. |
Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, krill, and woodlice are all?
Here are the choices:
A. crustaceans
B. porifera
C. arthropods
D. sponges | Crustaceans include crabs, lobsters, shrimp, krill, and woodlice. | A: crustaceans. |
What makes water change to a different state?
Here are the choices:
A. pressure
B. gravity
C. temperature
D. time | The state the water is in depends upon the temperature. Each state (solid, liquid, and gas) has its own unique set of physical properties. | C: temperature. |
What is a hydrocarbon in which there are only single covalent bonds?
Here are the choices:
A. combined
B. alkane
C. fullerene
D. proline | An alkane is a hydrocarbon in which there are only single covalent bonds. The simplest alkane is methane, with the molecular formula CH 4 . The carbon is the central atom and makes four single covalent bonds to hydrogen atoms. | B: alkane. |
What is the measure of the amount of space occupied by an object?
Here are the choices:
A. volume
B. growth
C. mass
D. liquid | Volume Volume is the measure of the amount of space occupied by an object. The standard SI unit of volume is defined by the base unit of length (Figure 1.25). The standard volume is a cubic meter (m3), a cube with an edge length of exactly one meter. To dispense a cubic meter of water, we could build a cubic box with e... | A: volume. |
The energy that enters the chloroplasts as sunlight becomes stored as what type of energy in organic compounds?
Here are the choices:
A. thermal energy
B. chemical energy
C. radiation energy
D. defect energy | B: chemical energy. | |
Whose rules are too simple to explain the inheritance of human height?
Here are the choices:
A. Einstein
B. Pascal
C. mendel
D. Darwin | Unlike Mendel's peas, people do not all fall into two categories: short or tall. Most people, in fact, are somewhere in between. Obviously, Mendel's rules are too simple to explain the inheritance of human height. | C: mendel. |
The fertilized egg that sexually reproducing organisms begin life as is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. gamete
B. fetus
C. infant
D. zygote | Introduction The individual sexually reproducing organism—including humans—begins life as a fertilized egg, or zygote. Trillions of cell divisions subsequently occur in a controlled manner to produce a complex, multicellular human. In other words, that original single cell was the ancestor of every other cell in the bo... | D: zygote. |
People with red hair usually have what type of skin?
Here are the choices:
A. light
B. dark
C. oily
D. dry | 7. People with red hair usually have very light skin. What might be a genetic explanation for this observation?. | A: light. |
What provides the shape of a cell?
Here are the choices:
A. cytoskeleton
B. nucleus
C. cytoplasm
D. cellulose | The cytoskeleton provides the shape of the cell. | A: cytoskeleton. |
Competition between members of the same species is known as?
Here are the choices:
A. egregious competition
B. intraspecific competition
C. interspecies competition
D. nuchal competition | Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same species. For example, two male birds of the same species might compete for mates in the same area. This type of competition is a basic factor in natural selection. It leads to the evolution of better adaptations within a species. | B: intraspecific competition. |
One molecule of carbon dioxide consists of 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of what element?
Here are the choices:
A. nitrogen
B. hydrogen
C. methane
D. oxygen | A molecular formula of the compound carbon dioxide is CO 2 . One molecule of carbon dioxide consists of 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen. We can calculate the mass of one molecule of carbon dioxide by adding together the masses of 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen. | D: oxygen. |
What facilitates the diffusion of ions across a membrane?
Here are the choices:
A. ionic bonds
B. ion channels
C. photon channels
D. passive transport | B: ion channels. | |
What kind of fibers are used to transport telephone and television signals?
Here are the choices:
A. hair fibers
B. optical fibers
C. touch fibers
D. process fibers | Total internal reflection allows the light to travel down the optical fiber and not pass through the sides of the tube. The light continuously reflects from the inside of the tube and eventually comes out the end. Optical fibers make interesting lamps but they are also used to transport telephone and television signals... | B: optical fibers. |
In what century was the microscope invented?
Here are the choices:
A. 20th
B. 16th
C. 15th
D. 17th | 7.2 History of cell knowledge The optical microscope was first invented in 17th century. Shortly thereafter scientists began to examine living and dead biological tissues in order to better understand the science of life. Some of the most relevant discovery milestones of the time period include: • The invention of the ... | D: 17th. |
What do the hair cells in the cochlea release when they bend?
Here are the choices:
A. hormones
B. neurotransmitters
C. receptors
D. lipids | The oval window passes the vibrations to the cochlea . The cochlea is filled with liquid that moves when the vibrations pass through, like the waves in water when you drop a pebble into a pond. Tiny hair cells line the cochlea and bend when the liquid moves. When the hair cells bend, they release neurotransmitters. | B: neurotransmitters. |
Receptor clustering happens when what binds to the receptors?
Here are the choices:
A. carbohydrates
B. lipid molecules
C. enzymes
D. fas molecules | D: fas molecules. | |
What makes toenails and fingernails hard?
Here are the choices:
A. keratin
B. taurine
C. cellulose
D. guanine | Fingernails and toenails consist of specialized epidermal cells that are filled with keratin. The keratin makes them tough and hard, which is important for the functions they serve. Fingernails prevent injury by forming protective plates over the ends of the fingers. They also enhance sensation by acting as a counterfo... | A: keratin. |
Producing sperm and secreting testosterone are the main functions of what system?
Here are the choices:
A. pollination
B. female reproductive system
C. endocrine system
D. male reproductive system | The main functions of the male reproductive system are to produce sperm and secrete testosterone. | D: male reproductive system. |
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of?
Here are the choices:
A. living systems
B. abiotic factors
C. the Earth
D. inorganic matter | The related field of biochemistry overlaps to some extent with organic chemistry. Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of living systems. Many biochemical compounds are considered to be organic chemicals. Both of the molecules shown above are biochemical materials in terms of their use in the body, but organic ch... | A: living systems. |
Color, temperature, and solubility are examples of what type of property?
Here are the choices:
A. minimal
B. susceptible
C. severe
D. intensive | Color, temperature, and solubility are examples of intensive properties. | D: intensive. |
What is the term for nutrients the body needs in relatively small amounts, including vitamins and minerals?
Here are the choices:
A. insignificant nutrients
B. micronutrients
C. minor nutrients
D. trace nutrients | Nutrients the body needs in relatively small amounts are called micronutrients . They include vitamins and minerals. Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed by the body to function properly. Several vitamins are described in Table below . Vitamins play many roles in good health, ranging from maintaining good vis... | B: micronutrients. |
What do corals secrete that builds up to become a coral reef?
Here are the choices:
A. tentacles
B. exoskeletons
C. actuators
D. saliva | Many corals secrete an exoskeleton that builds up to become a coral reef. | B: exoskeletons. |
Solid balls of water and dust falling from the sky are known as?
Here are the choices:
A. golf balls
B. rain
C. hail
D. snow | C: hail. | |
What brain structure is important in recognizing and recalling emotions?
Here are the choices:
A. pituitary
B. thalmus
C. cerebral cortex
D. amygdala | D: amygdala. | |
Oils are liquid lipids that plants use for storage of what?
Here are the choices:
A. energy
B. glucose
C. oxygen
D. fat | In unsaturated fatty acids, there is at least one double bond between carbon atoms. As a result, some carbons are not bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. Unsaturated fatty acids are found in oils. Oils are liquid lipids that plants use to store energy. | A: energy. |
Where do the majority of arthropods live?
Here are the choices:
A. in air
B. in water
C. on land
D. in hives | The majority of mollusks and annelids live in the water or inside hosts. Arthropods are invertebrates that include insects. The majority of arthropods live on land. | C: on land. |
Protein chains containing 10 or fewer amino acids are usually referred to as what?
Here are the choices:
A. protons
B. carboxyl
C. peptides
D. polypeptides | the conditions, amino acids can act as either acids or bases, which means that proteins act as buffers. The pH at which an amino acid exists as the zwitterion is called theisoelectric point (pI). The amino acids in a protein are linked together by peptide bonds. Protein chains containing 10 or fewer amino acids are usu... | C: peptides. |
The primary site of carbohydrate digestion is in the?
Here are the choices:
A. small intestine
B. stomach
C. mouth
D. large intestine | The primary site of carbohydrate digestion is the small intestine. The secretion of αamylase in the small intestine converts any remaining starch molecules, as well as the dextrins, to maltose. Maltose is then cleaved into two glucose molecules by maltase. Disaccharides such as sucrose and lactose are not digested unti... | A: small intestine. |
A potential cause of extinction, competition between different species is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. interspecific competition
B. parasitism
C. mutualism
D. intraspecific competition | Competition between different species is called interspecific competition. It might lead to the less well-adapted species going extinct. Or it might lead to one or both species evolving specialized adaptations. For example, competing species might evolve adaptations that allow them to use different food sources. You ca... | A: interspecific competition. |
Within the microsporangium, the microspore mother cell divides by meiosis to give rise to four microspores, each of which will ultimately form this?
Here are the choices:
A. zygote
B. ova
C. pollen grain
D. sperm cell | Within the microsporangium, the microspore mother cell divides by meiosis to give rise to four microspores, each of which will ultimately form a pollen grain (Figure 32.7). An inner layer of cells, known as the tapetum, provides nutrition to the developing microspores and contributes key components to the pollen wall. ... | C: pollen grain. |
What is regulated by the reticular formation?
Here are the choices:
A. anxiousness
B. wakefulness
C. sleepiness
D. awkwardness | Wakefulness is regulated by the reticular formation, which is present in the. | B: wakefulness. |
All living things are capable of what process whereby living things give rise to offspring?
Here are the choices:
A. cell division
B. mitosis
C. reproduction
D. differentiation | All living things are capable of reproduction, the process by which living things give rise to offspring. | C: reproduction. |
What is the common name of mixtures of hydrocarbons that formed over millions of years from the remains of dead organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. renewable resources
B. fossil record
C. non-renewable fuel
D. fossil fuels | Fossil fuels are mixtures of hydrocarbons that formed over millions of years from the remains of dead organisms. They include petroleum (commonly called oil), natural gas, and coal. Fossil fuels provide most of the energy used in the world today. They are burned in power plants to produce electrical energy, and they al... | D: fossil fuels. |
What branch of science is the study of the universe, not of cosmetics?
Here are the choices:
A. epistemology
B. astronomy
C. cosmology
D. theology | The study of the Universe is called cosmology . Cosmologists study the structure and changes in the present Universe. The Universe contains all of the star systems, galaxies, gas, and dust, plus all the matter and energy that exists now. Plus all that existed in the past, and all that will exist in the future. The Univ... | C: cosmology. |
Which blood leaves the placenta through veins leading back to the fetus?
Here are the choices:
A. fetal
B. immunity
C. molecular
D. pelvic | A: fetal. | |
Matter can be classified on the basis of how what interacts with it?
Here are the choices:
A. water
B. air
C. gravity
D. light | Matter can be classified on the basis of how light interacts with it. Matter may be transparent, translucent, or opaque. Each type of matter is illustrated in Figure below . | D: light. |
What scale is used to succinctly communicate the acidity or basicity of a solution?
Here are the choices:
A. ph
B. Richter scale
C. ions
D. solvent scale | The pH scale is used to succinctly communicate the acidity or basicity of a solution. | A: ph. |
Hormones often regulate what through antagonistic functions?
Here are the choices:
A. breathing
B. consciousness
C. homeostasis
D. hypothesis | C: homeostasis. | |
The potential of what can be used to measure the ph of a solution?
Here are the choices:
A. stimulation cell
B. symbiotic cell
C. electrodes cell
D. galvanic cell | Thus the potential of a galvanic cell can be used to measure the pH of a solution. Exercise Suppose you work for an environmental laboratory and you want to use an electrochemical method to measure the concentration of Pb2+ in groundwater. You construct a galvanic cell using a standard oxygen electrode in one compartme... | D: galvanic cell. |
What theory says atoms of matter are in constant random motion?
Here are the choices:
A. the theory of relativity
B. modern kinetic theory
C. sound kinetic theory
D. modern residual theory | A: The modern kinetic theory of matter is remarkably similar to Democritus’ ideas about the motion of atoms. According to this theory, atoms of matter are in constant random motion. This motion is greater in gases than in liquids, and it is greater in liquids than in solids. But even in solids, atoms are constantly vib... | B: modern kinetic theory. |
The laws of what field of science apply to galaxies and atoms, an indication of the underlying unity in the universe?
Here are the choices:
A. anthropology
B. astronomy
C. geology
D. physics | Figure 1.1 Galaxies are as immense as atoms are small. Yet the same laws of physics describe both, and all the rest of nature—an indication of the underlying unity in the universe. The laws of physics are surprisingly few in number, implying an underlying simplicity to nature’s apparent complexity. (credit: NASA, JPL-C... | D: physics. |
What makes soil and rock particles move gradually down the slope during each thaw?
Here are the choices:
A. gravity
B. heat
C. rain
D. wind | Hot spots may also be active at plate boundaries. This is especially common at mid-ocean ridges. Iceland is formed by a hot spot along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. | A: gravity. |
What is the protist kingdom sometimes called as?
Here are the choices:
A. trash can kingdom
B. fossil can kingdom
C. plant can kingdom
D. flora can system | The protist kingdom is sometimes called the “trash can” kingdom. It includes all eukaryotes that don’t fit in one of the other three eukaryote kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, or Fungi. There are thought to be between 60,000 and 200,000 protist species. Many have yet to be identified. The protist kingdom is very diverse, a... | A: trash can kingdom. |
The constant "c" can be specifically used to represent the (extremely fast) speed of what?
Here are the choices:
A. electricity
B. light
C. sound
D. gravity | n = cv , where v is the observed speed of light in the material. Since the speed of light is always less than only in a vacuum, the index of refraction is always greater than or equal to one. | B: light. |
What are non-renewable sources of energy that produce environmental damage?
Here are the choices:
A. crop fuels
B. fossil fuels
C. wind
D. sunlight | Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy that produce environmental damage. | B: fossil fuels. |
What causes cancer cells to avoid elimination and continue to multiply?
Here are the choices:
A. continuous cell division
B. uncontrolled cell division
C. chronic cell division
D. persistent cell division | When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated. The upper diagram depicts damaged cells being destroyed. Cancer cells avoid elimination and, because of uncontrolled cell division, continue to multiply in an unregulated manner. The lower diagram depicts damaged cells dividing in an uncontrolled fashion... | B: uncontrolled cell division. |
Electronegativity is a qualitative measure of how much an atom attracts what in a covalent bond?
Here are the choices:
A. electrons
B. protons
C. neutrons
D. isotopes | Electronegativity is a qualitative measure of how much an atom attracts electrons in a covalent bond. | A: electrons. |
Depending on how matter interacts with light, it can be classified as transparent, translucent, or what?
Here are the choices:
A. reactive
B. reflective
C. protective
D. opaque | Matter can be classified as transparent, translucent, or opaque depending on how it interacts with light. | D: opaque. |
Kidneys, large intestine, liver, skin, and lungs comprise which system?
Here are the choices:
A. Muscular system
B. excretory system
C. Digestive system
D. Lymphatic system | Organs of excretion make up the excretory system. They include the kidneys, large intestine, liver, skin, and lungs. | B: excretory system. |
What group of single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus comprises the most numerous organisms on earth?
Here are the choices:
A. eukaryotes
B. fungi
C. carbohydrates
D. prokaryotes | No doubt you’ve had a sore throat before, and you’ve probably eaten cheese or yogurt. If so, then you’ve encountered the fascinating world of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. They also lack other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes are tiny and sometimes bothersome, but they ... | D: prokaryotes. |
Diamond, graphite and fullerene are examples of what form of carbon?
Here are the choices:
A. magnesium
B. faceted
C. zirconia
D. crystalline | Pure carbon can form different types of crystals. Crystalline forms of carbon include diamond, graphite, and fullerenes. | D: crystalline. |
A hot-water heating system uses what type of energy to heat water?
Here are the choices:
A. potential energy
B. atmospheric energy
C. negative energy
D. thermal energy | A hot-water heating system uses thermal energy to heat water and then pumps the hot water throughout the building in a system of pipes and radiators. You can see a diagram of this type of heating system in Figure below . Typically, the water is heated in a boiler that burns natural gas or heating oil. There is usually ... | D: thermal energy. |
What captures carbon dioxide as it is emitted by a power plant before it enters the atmosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon sequestration
B. nitrogen sequestration
C. oxide sequestration
D. chemical sequestration | Carbon sequestration captures carbon dioxide as it is emitted by a power plant before it enters the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is then stored in another form. Carbon is sequestered naturally by forests. Trees take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Artificial methods of sequestering carbon underground are being ... | A: carbon sequestration. |
What type of oil is being explored to replace petroleum products in lubricants?
Here are the choices:
A. essential oil
B. whale oil
C. diesel
D. vegetable | Vegetable oils are being explored for a variety of uses in which they could replace petroleum products. One such application is in the field of lubricants. Every moving part in machinery (such as engine pistons) needs lubrication to decrease friction and prolong the life of the equipment. Petroleum products serve this ... | D: vegetable. |
What advantage equals the distance of effort divided by the distance the object moves and is also equal to the output force divided by the input force?
Here are the choices:
A. potential
B. constant
C. atomic
D. mechanical | Mechanical advantage equals the distance of effort divided by the distance the object moves. It is also equal to the output force divided by the input force. | D: mechanical. |
What is the outer layer of skin, consisting almost entirely of epithelial cells?
Here are the choices:
A. epidermis
B. hypodermis
C. dermis
D. connective tissue | The epidermis is the outer layer of skin, consisting of epithelial cells and little else (see Figure below ). For example, there are no nerve endings or blood vessels in the epidermis. The innermost cells of the epidermis are continuously dividing through mitosis to form new cells. The newly formed cells move up throug... | A: epidermis. |
What is the accumulated total of all the biochemical reactions occurring in a cell or organism called?
Here are the choices:
A. expansion
B. metabolism
C. respiration
D. circulation | All living things—even the simplest life forms—have a complex chemistry. Living things consist of large, complex molecules, and they also undergo many complicated chemical changes to stay alive. Thousands (or more) of these chemical reactions occur in each cell at any given moment. Metabolism is the accumulated total o... | B: metabolism. |
When fertilizer ends up in bodies of water, the added nutrients cause excessive growth referred to as what, which can render the water unfit for human consumption or recreation?
Here are the choices:
A. caustic bloom
B. chemical bloom
C. agricultural bloom
D. algal bloom | When fertilizer ends up in bodies of water, the added nutrients cause excessive growth of algae. This is called an algal bloom. You can see one in Figure below . The algae out-compete other water organisms. They may make the water unfit for human consumption or recreation. | D: algal bloom. |
What part of the cell controls what enters and leaves?
Here are the choices:
A. organism
B. membrane
C. nucleus
D. protein | Like all other living cells, prokaryotes have a cell membrane. It controls what enters and leaves the cell. It's also the site of many metabolic reactions. For example, cellular respiration takes place in the cell membrane. | B: membrane. |
Where does the development of a fetus take place?
Here are the choices:
A. The kidney
B. the female reproductive system
C. The bladder
D. The vagina | Earth has a tremendous amount of water. So why is water sometimes a scarce resource?. | B: the female reproductive system. |
What is the critical factor for the survival of segmented worms?
Here are the choices:
A. water and humidity
B. sunlight and warmth
C. sunlight and water
D. humidity and sunlight | Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida includes segmented worms. These animals are found in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater habitats, but a presence of water or humidity is a critical factor for their survival, especially in terrestrial habitats. The name of the phylum is derived from the Latin word annellus, which means ... | A: water and humidity. |
During sexual arousal what does the clitoris, vagina, and labia minora all engorge with?
Here are the choices:
A. fluid
B. urine
C. bacteria
D. blood | D: blood. | |
What is another term for joules per second?
Here are the choices:
A. parsons
B. watts
C. jacobs
D. jiffies | Electric energy is measured in joules per second, or watts. | B: watts. |
What is extracted from rock by heap leaching, flotation, or smelting?
Here are the choices:
A. fuel
B. methane
C. copper
D. ore | Ore is extracted from rock by heap leaching, flotation, or smelting. | D: ore. |
What tool is useful for studying the ocean floor because the environment is remote and underwater?
Here are the choices:
A. scale
B. microscope
C. telescope
D. sonar | Studying the ocean floor is difficult because the environment is so hostile. The seafloor can be studied indirectly with tools such as sonar. It can be studied directly using special vehicles. Some vehicles carry scientists and their devices to the ocean floor. Other vehicles are operated remotely. | D: sonar. |
What is the functional unit of the kidney which actively filters blood and generates urine?
Here are the choices:
A. sechron
B. mecrophron
C. nephron
D. epithelial | 41.2 The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs The kidneys are the main osmoregulatory organs in mammalian systems; they function to filter blood and maintain the osmolarity of body fluids at 300 mOsm. They are surrounded by three layers and are made up internally of three distinct regions—the cortex, medulla, and pelvis. ... | C: nephron. |
Name two candidates for the original sources of viral genomes.
Here are the choices:
A. ediacara and transposons
B. plasmids and transposons
C. macrophages and transposons
D. chloroplasts and transposons | B: plasmids and transposons. | |
What do you call a substance that is not an acid or a base?
Here are the choices:
A. toxic
B. equivalent
C. neutral
D. oxidic | What is one of the most important characteristics of a referee? A referee must be neutral. He can’t favor one team over the other. In chemistry, being neutral means not being an acid or a base. Pure water is an example of a neutral substance. In some chemical reactions, an acid and a base combine to form neutral produc... | C: neutral. |
An amide bond joining two amino acid units is called a what?
Here are the choices:
A. precipitate bond
B. carboxyl bond
C. ammonia bond
D. peptide bond | An amide bond joining two amino acid units is called a peptide bond. Note that the product molecule still has a reactive amino group on the left and a reactive carboxyl. | D: peptide bond. |
What is the name for spherical groups of old stars held tightly together by gravity?
Here are the choices:
A. globular clusters
B. dark matter
C. nebula
D. elliptical clusters | Globular clusters are spherical groups of old stars held tightly together by gravity. | A: globular clusters. |
What type of state do most fungi spend their lives in?
Here are the choices:
A. triploid
B. diploid
C. haploid
D. meiosis | Most fungi are multicellular, but some exist as single cells. Fungi spend most of their life cycle in the haploid state. They form diploid cells only during sexual reproduction. Like the cells of protists and plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls. But fungi are unique in having cell walls made of chitin instead of... | C: haploid. |
What is the white solid that forms on corroded battery terminals?
Here are the choices:
A. lead sulfate
B. straight sulfate
C. copper sulfate
D. ammonia sulfate | Pb(s) + 2H+(aq) + SO42−(aq) → PbSO4(s) + H2(g) Lead(II) sulfate is the white solid that forms on corroded battery terminals. Exercise Using the activity series, predict what happens in each situation. If a reaction occurs, write the net ionic equation. | A: lead sulfate. |
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