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Hyakusho, i.e., the tato and fumyo class, was separated into hyakusho belonging to koryo and hyakusho belonging to shoen, and became parties of armed conflicts between shoen and koryo and as a result, the conflict forms observed in the early dynastic nation-state in which people gathered country by country disappeared rapidly.	百姓、すなわち田堵負名層は公領に属する者と荘園に属する者に分かれ、荘園公領間の武力抗争の当事者となった結果、前期王朝国家に見られたような一国単位に結集する闘争形態は急速に消滅した。
Isshukin refers to a kind of gold coin circulated during the Edo period.	一朱金（いっしゅきん）とは、江戸時代に流通した金貨の一種である。
It was also called Isshuban, or Bunsei-Isshuban because of its issuance only in the Bunsei era, or Kaku-Isshukin from the shape.	一朱判（いっしゅばん）、または発行が文政期のみであったことから文政一朱判（ぶんせいいっしゅばん）、あるいはその形状から角一朱金（かくいっしゅきん）ともいう。
During the Tensho era Kyoto underwent city redevelopment ordered by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, which included the construction of new roads and subsequent changes to administrative divisions.	天正の地割（てんしょうのじわり）または天正地割とは、天正年間に豊臣秀吉によって行なわれた、京都における新たな通りの建設、およびそれにともなう町割の変更である。
ARIWARA no Motokata (year of birth and death unknown) was a waka poet in the Heian period. His father was one of the Chuko sanjurokkasen (medieval 36 Immortal Poets) ARIWARA no Muneyana, and his grandfather was ARIWARA no Narihira who was one of Rokkasen (six best waka poets) and one of the Sanjurokkasen (36 Immortal Poets).	在原元方（ありわらのもとかた、生没年不詳）は、平安時代の歌人。父は中古三十六歌仙の一人在原棟梁で、六歌仙・三十六歌仙の一人在原業平は祖父にあたる。
Although his grandfather was a grandchild of the Emperor Heizei (he was a great-great-grandchild of the Emperor Heizei), Motokata's official court rank or career is unknown.	元方は、平城天皇の孫である在原業平の孫（平城天皇の玄孫）にあたるが、官位などの経歴については不明である。
Representative poem Waves lapping against the shore are just looking at the shore and going back into the sea; with Kakekotoba (one of waka's oratories), it also means that I cannot see you at night, just reproaching you and going home (Kokin Wakashu, Love vol.3, 626).	代表歌あふことのなぎさにし寄る浪なればうらみてのみぞ立ちかへりける（古今・恋三・626）
"Kudensho" is a book written in 1331 by Kakunyo, who was the third chief priest of Hongan-ji Temple of the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism).	口伝鈔（くでんしょう）とは、浄土真宗本願寺第3代覚如の著作で1331年（元弘元年）に記された。
This Japanese title, "Kudensho," which literally means "orally transmitted words," was given because Kakunyo wrote the book based on his notes of the oral teachings of Joshin, who was the grandson of Shinran (founder of the Jodo Shinshu). It is a work in three volumes.	覚如が、親鸞の孫にあたる如信より口授された教義を記したことから、この名が付けられた。上中下の三巻からなる。
"Onriedo-Gongujodo" was used by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA for his Uma-jirushi (commanders' flag) during the Sengoku Period (the Warring States period).	「厭離穢土欣求浄土」は戦国時代、徳川家康が馬印に用いた。
Chikatada TATE (year of birth unknown - March 4, 1184 [unconfirmed]) was a busho (a Japanese military commander) at the end of the Heian period. He was a vassal of MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka, and one of the Yoshinaka Shitenno (four most loyal retainers of Yoshinaka). He was the sixth son of Yukichika NENOI. He was commonly called Rokuro.	楯親忠（たてちかただ、生年不詳 - 元暦元年1月20日 (旧暦)（1184年3月4日）?）は平安時代末期の武将。源義仲の家臣で、義仲四天王の一人。根井行親の六男。通称は六郎。
He had his residence somewhere near present-day Saku-machi, Minami-saku County, Nagano Prefecture.	長野県南佐久郡佐久町辺りに屋敷を構えていた。
Unzusho is a book on rites that was written in the late Heian period. The title of the book literally means 'an instruction for rites of Unjo (in other words, Seiryoden or the imperial court).' It illustrates the arrangements of rites in Seiryoden with colored pictures.	雲図抄（うんずしょう）は、平安時代後期に描かれた儀式書。書名は「雲上（清涼殿）での（儀式の）指図」という意味である。それは、清涼殿における儀式の際の配置を彩色付の図を付して解説したものである。
KI no Tomonori (c. 845 - 907) was kajin in the Heian period. He was one of the 36 Immortal Poets. His father was KI no Aritomo, Kunai Gon no sho (Provisional Junior Assistant of Imperial Household Ministry) and the cousin of KI no Tsurayuki.	紀友則（きのとものり、承和 (日本)12年（845年）? - 延喜7年（907年））は、平安時代の歌人。三十六歌仙の一人。父は宮内権少輔紀有友（有朋）で、紀貫之の従兄弟にあたる。
The Uji City Tale of Genji Museum in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture is a museum run by Uji City in order to collect and preserve materials related to the 'Genji Monogatari' (Tale of Genji). It opened in 1998.	宇治市源氏物語ミュージアム（うじしげんじものがたり‐）は、京都府宇治市にある「源氏物語」に関する資料の収集・保管等を行う市立の博物館である。 1998年に開館した。
It was refurbished in September 2008 on its tenth anniversary.	また、開館10周年にあたる2008年9月にリニューアルが行われた。
"Imperial property" refers to the property of the Imperial family.	皇室財産（こうしつざいさん）は、皇帝や天皇の家の財産である。
Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (the Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Tanka-poems by One Hundred Poets) No. 34: Who shall I become friends with, when even the pines of Takasago are not my old friends anymore? ('Kokin wakashu' Miscellaneous I, 909)	小倉百人一首 34番　誰をかも　知る人にせむ　高砂の　松も昔の　友ならなくに（「古今和歌集」雑上909）
Shigeru MORIYAMA (October, 1842 - February 26, 1919) was a diplomat and politician of the Meiji period. As a diplomat, he was engaged in diplomatic negotiations with Korea, and after retiring from the work, he served as a councilor of the Chamber of Elders, governor of Toyama Prefecture, a member of the House of Peers and so on.	森山茂（もりやましげる、天保13年（1842年）9月 - 大正8年（1919年）2月26日）は、明治時代の外交官、政治家。外交官の時には朝鮮との外交交渉に携わり、退官後は元老院議官、富山県知事、貴族院議員などを務めた。
Amino Station, located in Amino-cho, Tango City, Kyoto Prefecture, is a stop on the Miyazu Line, which is operated by Kitakinki Tango Railway (KTR).	網野駅（あみのえき）は、京都府京丹後市網野町にある、北近畿タンゴ鉄道(KTR)北近畿タンゴ鉄道宮津線の鉄道駅。
Station layout It is situated at the ground level, with an island platform serving two tracks as well as a platform serving a tracks. The motif of the station house is a yacht coursing through the sea. The ticket-related work is entrusted to officers at the Amino-cho Tourist Association.	駅構造島式・相対式2面3線のプラットホームを持つ地上駅である。駅舎は、海に浮かぶヨットがモチーフ。出改札業務は、地元の網野町観光協会の係員に委託されている。
Buses TANGO KAIRIKU KOTSU Co., Ltd.	バス丹後海陸交通
Taxis Nihon Kotsu Co., Ltd. (Fukuchiyama City)	タクシー日本交通 (福知山市)
Passenger use In fiscal year 2006, the average daily number of persons who boarded trains at this station was 356. (According to the Kyoto Prefecture Statistics Report)	利用状況 2006年度の1日あたりの乗車人員は約356人である。（京都府統計書より）
With many bathing beaches located in the vicinity, this station buzzed with activity, particularly in the summer. Many people also use this station during the winter months, as they come to eat crab. All limited express trains on the line stop at this station.	海水浴場が多いこともあって、夏場の賑わいが際立つ。冬場もカニを食べに来る人で賑わう。ここを通るすべての特急が停車する。
History December 25, 1926: Japan National Railways started operating between Mineyama and Amino on the Minetoyo Line, which was run by Japan National Railways.	歴史 1926年（昭和元年）12月25日 - 国鉄峰豊線峰山～網野間が開業。
August 10, 1932: The Minetoyo and Mineyama lines were renamed as the Miyazu Line.	1932年（昭和7年）8月10日 - 峰山線・峰豊線を宮津線に改称。
April 1, 1987: It became a station of the West Japan Railway Company (JR West) due to the division and privatization of Japan National Railways.	1987年（昭和62年）4月1日 - 国鉄分割民営化により、西日本旅客鉄道の駅となる。
April 1, 1990: The Miyazu Line was transferred to Kitakinki Tango Railway, and it became a station of the railway company.	1990年（平成2年）4月1日 - 北近畿タンゴ鉄道への宮津線移管により、同鉄道の駅となる。
Soma-kaido Highway was a highway that existed in the Edo period between Shiga Prefecture (Omi Province) and Koka County. It was also called Somakai-do Road and Shinkai-do Road.	杣街道（そまかいどう）は、江戸時代に滋賀県（近江国）甲賀郡に存在した街道。杣海道、新海道とも。
Kichibe OKUMURA was one of the Senke Jisshoku (The Ten Craftsmen of the House of Sen). The family has worked as scroll mounters for the three Houses of Sen, mounting pieces of calligraphy written by the school heads on hanging scrolls, creating folding screens and 'kamashiki,' a kind of placemat which is laid under the teakettle.	奥村　吉兵衛（おくむら　きちべえ）は千家十職の1人。三千家御用達の表具師として、家元らの揮毫の軸装（掛け軸に仕立てること）や屏風、釜の敷物の一種である「釜敷」の製作などを行う。
The present head is the twelfth generation headmaster.	当代は12代。
Kichibe the second (1633 - December, 1719) His go (pseudonym or professional name) was 'Kyui.' The eldest son of the first generation. In 1698, he became a purveyor to the Kishu Tokugawa family and Omote Senke through the good offices of Kakukakusai, the sixth generation of the Omote Senke.	二代　吉兵衛（1633年～享保4年（1719年）12月）号「休意」。初代の長男。元禄11年（1698年）、表千家6代・覚々斎の取りなしで紀州徳川家御用達、また表千家御用達となる。
Kichikuro (吉九郎): the eldest son of the second Kichibe. He died young at the age of twenty-five.	吉九郎　二代吉兵衛の長男。 25歳にて早世。
Kichibe the third (1666 - March, 1743) After he became a priest, he was called 'Kyusei.' He was from the Matsuyama family of Motari Village, Azai District, Omi Province. He was adopted as the husband for a daughter of the second Kichibe. He was known as a writer of kyoka (comic tanka) and a renowned calligrapher.	三代　吉兵衛（1666年～寛保3年（1743年）3月）出家後法号「休誠」。近江国浅井郡馬渡村の松山家の出身。二代・吉兵衛の婿養子。狂歌の作者、能書家として知られる。
The fourth generation, Kichigoro (1737 - November, 1781) He was from the Tanabe family of Takatsuki Village, Ika District, Omi Province. He was adopted as the husband for the daughter of the third Kichibe. His Buddhist name was 'Dojun.'	四代　吉五郎（1737年～天明元年（1781年）11月）近江国伊香郡高月村の田辺家出身。三代・吉兵衛の婿養子。法名「道順」。
The seventh generation, Kichijiro (1795 - September, 1837) His go was 'Kyuon.' An adopted man as the husband for the daughter of the sixth Kichibe. He died before his father-in-law.	七代　吉次郎（1795年～天保8年（1837年）9月）号「休音」。六代・吉兵衛の婿養子。義父に先立って死去。
The tenth generation, Kichijiro (May, 1869 - September, 1944) The eldest son of the ninth Kichibe.	十代　吉次郎（明治2年（1869年）5月～昭和19年（1944年）9月）九代・吉兵衛の長男。
Kichibe the eleventh (1901 -) The eldest son of the tenth Kichibe.	十一代　吉兵衛（明治34年（1901年）～）十代・吉次郎の長男。
Kichibe the twelfth A son of the eleventh Kichibe. He is the present head of the family.	十二代　吉兵衛十一代・吉兵衛の子息。当代。
The Suzuki clan is one of the representing seishi (hereditary family name) in Japan. Although the connection with the Suzuki clan who was once a samurai family, is not clear, since there are diversified theories on it, this seishi (hereditary family name) is thought to be of the Shinto priest and its origin derived from the rice ear used at the rituals.	鈴木氏（すずきし）日本の代表的姓氏のひとつ。かつての武家である鈴木氏との関係は諸説あって定まらないが、祭礼の際に祭られる稲穂に由来した神官の姓氏と考えられる。
Thus, almost of all the Suzuki families are considered to be the descendents of the families, which were using the Shinto-related honsei (original name) of Hozumi or of the samurai families, including those of the Minamoto clan or the Taira clan.	そのため鈴木姓のほとんどが、神姓穂積姓または源姓・平姓を含む武家の子孫と考えられる。
"Jiin-ho" is a name for laws regarding Buddhist temples. When they are put together with laws regarding shrines, they can be called "Jisha-ho" or "Shaji-ho" (literally, temple and shrine law).	寺院法（じいんほう）とは、寺院に関連した法制全般を指す。神社に関する法制を含めて寺社法/社寺法（じしゃほう/しゃじほう）とも呼ばれている。
Okura-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of the Ryumon Shingon sect situated in Ouda-cho, Uda City, Nara Prefecture. Its sango (literally, "mountain name"), the title prefixed to the name of a Buddhist temple, is Unkanzan. Its ingo (the title given to a Buddhist temple) is Ioin. Its honzon (the principal image of Buddha) is Yakushi Nyorai (the Healing Buddha).	大蔵寺（おおくらじ）は奈良県宇陀市大宇陀町にある龍門真言宗の寺院である。山号は雲管山（うんかんざん）。院号は医王院。本尊は薬師如来。
Soen OZEKI (1932 -) is the head priest of the Daisen-in sub-temple of Daitoku-ji Temple.	尾関宗園（おぜきそうえん、1932年 -）は大徳寺大仙院の住職。
Yugiri Tayu was a Geisha of the highest rank, and lived in Yukaku (red-light district) of Kyoto, Shimabara, Osaka, and Shinmachi; only two women among all the Geisha had the name of 'Yugiri.'	夕霧太夫（ゆうぎりたゆう）は京都・嶋原、大阪・新町遊廓にいた太夫で「夕霧」の名を持つのは2人だけである。
The date of her death was stated in 'a list of season words' as season words for Haiku poems. Well known tombs of her are found in Tokushima or Wakayama as well as Jokoku-ji Temple, Osaka, and Seiryo-ji Temple, Kyoto.	亡くなった日は「季語一覧」として俳句の季語にもある。墓は大阪の浄国寺、京都の清涼寺が有名だが他に徳島や和歌山にもある。
On the second Sunday of every November, 'Yugiri Kuyo sai' (festival to console Yugiri's spirit) is held at Seiryo-ji Temple. In 'Yugiri Kuyo sai,' a memorial service at Hondo (main temple), Hono-mai, (Shinto dance for dedication) by Shimabara tayu (a high ranking courtesan of Shimabara district in Kyoto), Tayudochu are performed as well as a visit to Yugiri's grave.	毎年11月第2日曜日に清涼寺にて「夕霧供養祭」が催される。夕霧供養祭では、本堂での法要、嶋原太夫による奉納舞、太夫道中や墓参が行われる。
I became a glamorous Tayu and I will die past my 60's like retreating mist	あでやかに　太夫となりて　我死なん　六十路過ぎにし　霧はかなくも
Nerikiri (literally, made by kneading) is a Japanese type of unbaked cake that is made by mixing and kneading its ingredients, which are white bean jam, gyuhi (a kind of rice cake made from refined rice flour or glutinous rice flour with sugar and starch syrup) and Chinese yam.	練り切り（ねりきり）は、白餡に求肥（ぎゅうひ：蒸すかゆでた白玉粉や餅米の粉に、砂糖や水飴を加えて練ったもの）やツクネイモを混ぜて練った生菓子の和菓子である。
Nerikiri with the appropriate degree of softness and viscosity is made by forcing the mixture into a wooden mold with various carved patterns, elaborating it by hand or with spatulas, and tinting it with food dyes such as artificial colors and gardenias.	適度なやわらかさと粘度があり、これを様々な形を彫刻した木型に押し付けたり、手やへらで整形して細工を施し、着色料やクチナシなどの食用色素で彩色して仕上げる。
Nerikiri is tinted with different colors and molded into various shapes according to the season.	季節に合わせた色、形の物が作られる。
On June 27, 1649, she died in Kyoto. Her homyo (a Buddhist name given to a person who has died or has entered the priesthood) was Chikurininden Baikei Eishun Daishi. She was buried in Myoshin-ji Daiju-in Temple (in the precincts of Ryoan-ji Temple).	1649年（慶安2年）5月18日に京都で亡くなる。法名・竹林院殿梅渓永春大姉。墓所は妙心寺大珠院（龍安寺の境内にある）。
The Daigo school of the Shingon sect, one of the Shingon Buddhist sects of Japan, belongs to the Kogi Shingon (Old Shingon) school. The head temple is Daigo-ji Temple.	真言宗醍醐派（しんごんしゅうだいごは）は、日本における真言系仏教宗派のひとつで、古義真言宗に属する。総本山は醍醐寺。
The sect was founded by Kobo Daishi (a posthumous title of the priest Kukai). The school was founded by Rigen Daishi (Shobo, the Great Master of Holy Treasures). The restorer was Gien, who was given the title Jugo.	宗祖　弘法大師派祖　理源大師（聖宝）中興　義演准后
Itsumade, or Itsumaden is one of the monsters that have been handed down in Japan.	以津真天（いつまで/いつまでん）は、日本に伝わる妖怪の一種。
She was referred to as one of the three beautiful women of the Taisho period, along with Takeko KUJO and Byakuren YANAGIHARA.	九条武子、柳原白蓮と並んで大正三美人と称された。
Eiko was born to Shinpei SEKI, the Ehime prefectural governor who had an intimate relationship with his maid, Hanako FUJITANI. Eiko was adopted out and then became a maiko (apprentice geisha) in a hanamachi (geisha district) around Kobusho (military training institute) near Kanda Myojin-Shrine because her adoptive family became badly off.	愛媛県令だった関新平が女中の藤谷花子に手を付け栄子が生れた。栄子は養女に出されたが、養家が困窮したため、神田明神下の講武所の花街で舞妓となった。
Eiko gained a reputation as a beautiful geisha in Shinbashi and then got married to Makoto EGI.	栄子は新橋の美貌芸者として名をはせ、間もなく江木衷と結婚した。
Inviting persons involved to her home, she threw parties, which functioned as a place for social interaction. Eiko became a star, showing her wide-ranging hobbies of and talent in poetry, calligraphy, tenkoku (seal-engraving) and yokyoku (Noh song).	自宅で関係者を集めてパーティを開き、そこが自ずから社交場となった。栄子は詩、書、画、篆刻、謡曲と広い趣味と才人ぶりを見せて花形となった。
She lost her husband in 1925. In 1930, she killed herself by hanging in Tokuji HAYAKAWA's home in Osaka.	1925年（大正14年）に夫と死別。 1930年、大阪の早川徳次の家で首吊り自殺した。
She is known as a model of 'Tsukiji Akashi Cho,' the masterpiece by Kiyokata KABURAGI, a painter of Bijinga ("Beautiful Woman Picture") (but it is also said that the model was Maseko, her younger paternal half-sister).	美人画家の鏑木清方の傑作「築地明石町」のモデルとして知られる（実はモデルは栄子の異母妹のませ子ともいわれる）。
Nanmyo-ji Temple is a Omuro school of the Shingon sect temple located in Sakahara-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture. The sango (literally, "mountain name"), which is the title prefixed to the name of a Buddhist temple, is Iozan.	南明寺（なんみょうじ）は奈良県奈良市阪原町にある真言宗御室派の寺院。山号は医王山。
The temple is located on Yagyu Road connecting the heart of Nara City to Yagyu Village.	奈良市の中心部から柳生の里へ通じる柳生街道沿いに位置する。
He studied the Jodo Sect under Shugyo of Zojo-ji Temple in Edo and Soto (祖洞) of Iinuma Gugyo-ji Temple in Shimosa Province, and later founded Tenji-an Temple in Edo. He then pursued senju-nenbutsu (repeating the name of Buddha without conducting any other religious training) at Isshin-in Temple in Kyoto, and became the founder of the Shasei School of the Jodo Sect.	江戸増上寺の周仰、下総国飯沼弘経寺の祖洞に師事して浄土教学を学び、江戸に天智庵を開創した。その後、京都一心院で専修念仏に努め、浄土宗捨世派の祖となった。
Located in Maizuru City in Kyoto Prefecture, Maizuru Port Toretore Center is a tourist facility that sells fish and seafood from Maizuru Port and local products from the Tango area.	舞鶴港とれとれセンター（まいづるこうとれとれセンター）は、京都府舞鶴市にある舞鶴港で水揚げされた魚介類や、丹後地方の名産品を販売する観光施設。
Maizuru Port Toretore Center is at Maizuru Port which produces seafood in abundance from the Sea of Japan and is the largest fish industry center in Kyoto Prefecture. It sells local produce and souvenirs other than seafood, and there is also a Michi no Eki (a roadside rest area with a market of local products for tourists) which also provides traffic and travel information.	舞鶴港とれとれセンターは京都府内最大の水産基地として日本海の豊富な海の幸を提供している舞鶴港に位置している。センター内では魚介類の他にも地元でとれる野菜や、お土産などを販売しており、また道の駅として交通情報なども提供している。
Nijo-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.	二条通（にじょうどおり）は京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Rikusho-ji Temple was once located at the east end, in Okazaki, Sakyo ward. Today there are cultural facilities built in and after the Meiji period, such as Kyoto Kaikan Hall; the Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art; the National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto; and Kyoto City Zoo, together with Heian Jingu Shrine, which is located a little north of the street.	東端の左京区岡崎は六勝寺の跡地である。ここには京都会館、京都市美術館、京都国立近代美術館、京都市動物園など、やや北に位置する平安神宮とともに明治以降に作られた文化施設が並ぶ。
At the southeast corner with Teramachi-dori Street, there is a fruit shop that Motojiro KAJII, a novelist known for his work titled 'Remon (Lemon),' visited in order to buy lemons.	寺町通の南東角には、小説「檸檬 (小説)」で知られる梶井基次郎が、レモンを買い求めた果物屋が現存する。
Main facilities along the street Kyoto City Zoo Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art Kyoto Prefectural Library Kyoto Kaikan Hall Miyako Messe Hotel Fujita Kyoto Kyoto Branch, Bank of Japan Shimazu Foundation Memorial Hall Kyoto Kokusai Hotel Nijo Castle	沿道の主な施設京都市動物園京都市美術館京都府立図書館京都会館みやこメッセホテルフジタ京都日本銀行京都支店島津製作所創業記念館京都国際ホテル二条城
Onami (Onnami) (1398 - February 15, 1467) was a sarugakuno actor (actor for sarugaku (form of theatre popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) of Noh (traditional masked dance-drama)) of the Muromachi period. He was also called Saburo-motoshige KANZE. He was the grandson of Kanami and the nephew of Zeami. He was the third Kanze-dayu.	音阿弥（おんあみ、またはおんなみ応永5年（1398年）- 文正2年（1467年）1月2日）は室町時代の猿楽能役者。観世三郎元重。観阿弥の孫、世阿弥の甥に当たる。三世観世大夫。
Meirokusha, which was established in the early Meiji period, was the first Japanese modern academic society for enlightenment.	明六社（めいろくしゃ）は、明治時代初期に設立された日本最初の近代的啓蒙学術団体。
For the details, see 'Meirokusha' (Kodansha Gakujutsu Bunko) by Toshiaki OKUBO.	大久保利謙「明六社」 (講談社学術文庫)に詳しい。
Gankei-ji Temple is a Tendai Sect temple located in Yamashina-ku Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture. It was founded in 877 by Henjo Sojo, the high priest. It is Bangai Fudasho (an additional temple) of the 33 temples of Kansai Kannon Pilgrimage. The principal image is Bhaisajyaguru.	元慶寺（がんけいじ）は京都府京都市山科区にある天台宗の寺院。僧正遍昭を開基とし、元慶元年（877年）に建立された。西国三十三箇所霊場の番外札所である。本尊は薬師如来。
In 986, Emperor Kazan was tricked into abdicating and entering the priesthood by FUJIWARA no Kaneie and his son FUJIWARA no Michikane, and Imperial Prince Kanehito (Emperor Ichijo), Kaneie's grandchild from a daughter who married into another family, acceded to the Imperial throne. The temple is also known as Kazan-ji Temple and is referred by this name in The Great Mirror.	寛和二年（986年）、花山天皇がこの寺で藤原兼家、藤原道兼父子の策略により出家させられ、兼家の外孫である懐仁親王（一条天皇）が帝位についた。花山寺とも呼ばれ、大鏡では花山寺と記述されている。
Tejime is a Japanese custom of rhythmic hand clapping performed in time with the calls of one participant in order to celebrate the fact that an event has concluded without trouble. It is also called teuchi. It is done at the end of events including festivals, ceremonial occasions, business discussions and general shareholders meetings.	手締め（てじめ）とは日本の風習の一つで、物事が無事に終わったことを祝って、その関係者が掛け声とともにリズムを合わせて打つ手拍子。手打ちともいう。祭りや冠婚葬祭などの式典、商談や株主総会などの終わりに行われる。
The sound of tejime is expressed 'shan shan.' A general meeting of stockholders ending in a short time without any particular questions and answers is ridiculed as a 'shan shan sokai' (shan shan meeting), since the participants have done nothing but performed tejime.	手締めの音は「シャンシャン」と表現される。特に質疑応答もなく短時間で終了する株主総会は、参加者は手締めしかしないということで「シャンシャン総会」と揶揄される。
Yomei no suke is a vice minister of kokushi (provincial governors), an honorary post without official duties and benefits. It indicates a person in a government post.	揚名介（ようめいのすけ）とは、職掌及び給付のない名誉職としての国司の次官を意味する。特にその官職及び官職にある者を指す。
Nakamaro (仲麻呂) can also be described as 仲麿 in kanji. For example, 仲麿 is used in "阿倍仲麿入唐記" (literally, a record of Nakamaro ABE's visit to Tang) written by Ryutaro HISHIYA in 1870.	なお、麿は麻呂の別の漢字表記である。例：菱屋竜太郎『阿倍仲麿入唐記』1870年。
Sadatsuna died on August 13, 1316 at the age of 51. His hogo (posthumous Buddhist name) is Rensho.	正和5年（1316年）7月25日、51歳にて死去した。法号は蓮昇。
"Heike Nokyo" is a general term representing the Buddhist scriptures donated to Itsukushima-jinja Shrine by Heike (Taira family [the same character is read Hei or Taira depending on the context]) with prayer for prosperity of the greater Taira family including Ise-Heishi.	『平家納経』（へいけのうきょう）は、平安時代に平氏伊勢平氏と平家の繁栄を願い、厳島神社に奉納された経典類の総称。
The donated scriptures comprise 30 volumes of the Lotus Sutra, one each of the Sukuhavati sutra, the Heart Sutra and TAIRA no Kiyomori's gammon (Buddhist prayer) in his own hand, kyobako (boxes in which the Buddhist scriptures are kept) and a karabitsu (six-legged Chinese-style chest).	法華経30巻、阿弥陀経1巻、般若心経1巻、平清盛自筆の願文1巻と、経箱・唐櫃からなる。
The scriptures are decorated gorgeously and luxuriously, demonstrating to viewers today the prosperity of the family. They are typical works of decorated Buddhist scriptures in the Heian period, best-class historical materials communicating features of artifacts of the times to the present day.	経典に施された装飾は絢爛豪華で、平家の繁栄を今に伝えている。平安時代の装飾経の代表作で、当時の工芸を現代に伝える一級史料である。
They are preserved to date, and all the volumes were designated as national treasures in 1954.	現在まで伝えられ、全点が昭和29年（1954年）、国宝に指定された。
They are at present owned by and preserved at Itsukushima-jinja Shrine, and their replicas are publicly exhibited at Takaramono-kan (Treasure Pavilion) of Itsukushima-jinja Shrine.	現在厳島神社が所蔵しており、レプリカが厳島神社宝物館で公開されている。
Shinnyosanmayado was built by Daigo-ji Temple, Sohonzan (the head temple of a Buddhist sect) of the Daigo school of the Shingon sect in 1997, in order to solemnly display the righteous behavior of Shinjo ITO, who was the founder of the sect of a religious corporation of Shinnyoen Buddhism.	真如三昧耶堂（しんにょさんまやどう）は、宗教法人真如苑教主・伊藤真乗の浄行を荘厳するために、真言宗醍醐派総本山醍醐寺により1997年に建立された堂。
The place where Shinnyosanmayado was built-- the site of the Hokke Sanmai-do, which was constructed soon after Daigo-ji Temple was built (it was burned down in a battle on September 24, 1470)--is located at the bottom part of Daigo-ji Temple, marking the realization of Emperor Daigo's wish.	真如三昧耶堂のある場所は、醍醐寺開創間もない頃に建立された法華三昧堂（文明 (日本)2年（1470年）8月20日戦火により炎上）の跡地で、醍醐天皇の誓願を実現した醍醐寺の下伽藍に位置する。
Warikanoko was a hairstyle widely worn by women from their late teens to early twenties in the late Edo period.	割り鹿の子（わりかのこ）とは江戸時代後期に広く十代後半から二十代前半の女性に結われた髪型。
This hairstyle, in which the chignon of Marumage (rounded hair style of a married woman) was split in two and tied showing a decorative cloth, was commonly worn by wives of wealthy merchants and sometimes by unmarried women working at restaurants such as Machiai-jaya (tea house to lend seats and tables, or rooms).	丸髷を二つに割って布を見せる要領で結うこともあって豪商夫人が結う場合が多かった他、待合茶屋などの飲食店で働く未婚女性が結う場合もある。
It was somewhat a reversed version of Ichogaeshi (butterfly style) hairstyle, and the decorative kanoko cloth (tie-dyed cloth with a pattern of minute rings), which bound up the chignon through a kogai (hair combing up spatula), gave a sweet impression.	銀杏返し（蝶々髷）を逆にしたような結い方をして、笄の下に通して髷にかけた鹿の子が可憐な印象。
Toji (the winter solstice) is one of Nijushi-sekki (the 24 divisions of the solar year). It occurs around December 22 at ecliptic longitude 270 degrees. And it refers to a period between the day and the beginning of the following sekki called shokan (the lesser cold season) (at ecliptic longitude 270 - 285 degrees).	冬至（とうじ）は、二十四節気の一つ。黄道が270度のときで、12月22日ごろ。および、この日から次の節気の小寒までの期間（黄経270-285°）。
Incidentally, the latest sunrise or earliest sunset of the year is not experienced on the day of Toji. In Japan, the latest sunrise occurs about half a month after Toji, and the earliest sunset about half a month before it.	なお、1年で日の出の時刻が最も遅い日・日の入りの時刻が最も早い日と、冬至の日とは一致しない。日本では、日の出が最も遅い日は冬至の半月後頃であり、日の入りが最も早い日は冬至の半月前頃である。
History In 1982, the first convention was held by Nozomi OMORI and other fellows who were then members of SF Kenkyukai (a study group of SF) at Kyoto University. Since then, the convention has been held every autumn in Kyoto City.	沿革 1982年当時京都大学SF研究会に在籍していた大森望らにより第１回が開催される。以後、毎年秋に京都市内で開催されている。
Ninsei NONOMURA (野々村仁清: date of birth and date of death are unknown) is a potter in the early Edo Period. His popular name is Seiemon.	野々村仁清（ののむら　にんせい、生没年不詳）は、江戸時代前期の陶工。通称、清右衛門。
Representative works	代表作
On October 19, 1682, he was placed under the custody of Tadataka SAKAI of the Obama Domain of Wakasa Province because Yasumura supposedly was disrespectful to his own father Yasumasa. He was pardoned on January 9, 1702, and died in 1706 at the age of 51.	天和 (日本)2年（1682年）9月19日、父・安政に対して不敬があったとして若狭国小浜藩の酒井忠隆に預けられる。元禄14年（1701年）12月12日に赦免され、宝永3年（1706年）に51歳で没した。
The Kyoto Old Capital Preservation Cooperation Tax was one of the local taxes, which was once levied in accordance with a tax ordinance enacted by Kyoto city. It is hereinafter referred to as the Old Capital Tax.	古都保存協力税（ことほぞんきょうりょくぜい）は、かつて京都市が制定した税条例に基づき実施された地方税のひとつである。以下、古都税と呼ぶ。
Kagutsuchi is the god of fire that appears in Kiki-shinwa (the Kojiki, Nihonshoki and mythology). Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters) describes it as Hinoyagihayao no Kami, Hinokakabiko no Kami, or Hinokagutsuchi no Kami. Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) also describes it as Kagutsuchi or Homusubi.	カグツチとは、記紀神話における火の神。古事記では、火之夜藝速男神（ひのやぎはやをのかみ）・火之炫毘古神（ひのかがびこのかみ）・火之迦具土神（ひのかぐつちのかみ；加具土命）と表記される。また、日本書紀では、軻遇突智（かぐつち）、火産霊（ほむすび）と表記される。
Description in mythologies Kagutsuchi is a god born between Izanagi and Izanami. Because Kagutsuchi was a god of fire, Izanami suffered a burn on her pubic region in giving birth. This resulted in her death. Furious at this, Izanagi then killed Kagutsuchi with Totsuka no Tsurugi (the Sword Ten Hands Long) called 'Amenoohabari.'	神話の記述神産みにおいてイザナギとイザナミとの間に生まれた神である。火の神であったために、出産時にイザナミの陰部に火傷ができた。これがもとでイザナミは死んでしまう。その後、怒ったイザナギに十束剣「天尾羽張（アメノオハバリ）」で殺された。

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