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In [1900], Tesla was granted patents for a "system of transmitting electrical energy" and "an electrical transmitter." When [Guglielmo Marconi] made his [famous] [first-ever transatlantic radio transmission] in [1901], Tesla quipped that it was done with [17 Tesla patents], though there is [little] to support this clai... | In 1900, Tesla was granted patents for a "system of transmitting electrical energy" and "an electrical transmitter." When Guglielmo Marconi made his famous first-ever transatlantic radio transmission in 1901, Tesla quipped that it was done with 17 Tesla patents, though there is little to support this claim. This was th... |
The [Free Movement of Workers Regulation] articles 1 to 7 set out the main provisions on [equal treatment] of workers. First, articles 1 to 4 generally require that workers can [take up employment], [conclude contracts], and not suffer [discrimination] compared to [nationals] of the [member state]. In a famous case, th... | The Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7 set out the main provisions on equal treatment of workers. First, articles 1 to 4 generally require that workers can take up employment, conclude contracts, and not suffer discrimination compared to nationals of the member state. In a famous case, the Belgian Foot... |
[AUSTPAC], an Australian public X.25 network, operated by [Telstra]. Started by [Telecom Australia] in the early 1980s, [AUSTPAC] was Australia's first public packet-switched data network, supporting applications such as [on-line betting], [financial applications] — the [Australian Tax Office] made use of [AUSTPAC] — a... | AUSTPAC was an Australian public X.25 network operated by Telstra. Started by Telecom Australia in the early 1980s, AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched data network, supporting applications such as on-line betting, financial applications — the Australian Tax Office made use of AUSTPAC — and remote term... |
[Civil disobedience] is usually defined as pertaining to a [citizen]'s relation to the [state] and its [laws], as distinguished from a [constitutional impasse] in which two [public agencies], especially two equally [sovereign branches of government], [conflict]. For instance, if the [head of government] of a [country] ... | Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict. For instance, if the head of government of a country were to refuse to en... |
In the mid-1960s, [corruption scandals] began to arise among many of the city's [officials], who were mainly elected through the [traditional old boy network]. After a [grand jury] was convened to [investigate], [11 officials] were indicted and more were [forced to resign]. [Jacksonville Consolidation], led by [J. J. D... | In the mid-1960s, corruption scandals began to arise among many of the city's officials, who were mainly elected through the traditional old boy network. After a grand jury was convened to investigate, 11 officials were indicted and more were forced to resign. Jacksonville Consolidation, led by J. J. Daniel and Claude ... |
Notable faculty in physics have included the speed of light calculator [A. A. Michelson], elementary charge calculator [Robert A. Millikan], discoverer of the [Compton Effect] [Arthur H. Compton], the creator of the first [nuclear reactor] [Enrico Fermi], "the father of the [hydrogen bomb]" [Edward Teller], "one of the... | Notable faculty in physics have included the speed of light calculator A. A. Michelson, elementary charge calculator Robert A. Millikan, discoverer of the Compton Effect Arthur H. Compton, the creator of the first nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi, "the father of the hydrogen bomb" Edward Teller, "one of the most brilliant ... |
The [FSO Car Factory] was established in [1951]. A [number of vehicles] have been [assembled] there over the [decades], including the [Warszawa], [Syrena], [Fiat 125p] (under [license] from Fiat, later [renamed] [FSO 125p] when the [license expired]) and the [Polonez]. The [last two models] [listed] were also [sent abr... | The FSO Car Factory was established in 1951. A number of vehicles have been assembled there over the decades, including the Warszawa, Syrena, Fiat 125p (under license from Fiat, later renamed FSO 125p when the license expired) and the Polonez. The last two models listed were also sent abroad and assembled in a number o... |
None of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention [protection] for [fundamental rights]. It was not [envisaged] for European Union [measures], that is [legislative] and [administrative actions] by European Union [institutions], to be subject to [human rights]. At the time the only concern was that [... | None of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights. It was not envisaged for European Union measures, that is legislative and administrative actions by European Union institutions, to be subject to human rights. At the time the only concern was that member states sho... |
Like many [other] [mainline Protestant denominations] in the [United States], the [United Methodist Church] has experienced [significant membership losses] in recent decades. At the time of its formation, the UMC had about [11 million members] in nearly [42,000 congregations]. In [1975], membership dropped below [10 mi... | Like many other mainline Protestant denominations in the United States, the United Methodist Church has experienced significant membership losses in recent decades. At the time of its formation, the UMC had about 11 million members in nearly 42,000 congregations. In 1975, membership dropped below 10 million for the fir... |
Since its foundation, the Treaties sought to enable people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement. Reflecting the economic nature of the project, the European Community originally focused upon free movement of workers: as a "factor of production". However, from the 1970s, this focus shifted tow... | Since its foundation, the Treaties sought to enable people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement. Reflecting the economic nature of the project, the European Community originally focused upon free movement of workers: as a "factor of production". However, from the 1970s, this focus shifted tow... |
In [1891] Scottish chemist [James Dewar] was able to produce enough [liquid oxygen] to study. The first [commercially viable process] for producing [liquid oxygen] was independently developed in [1895] by [German engineer Carl von Linde] and [British engineer William Hampson]. Both men [lowered the temperature] of [air... | In 1891 Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen was independently developed in 1895 by German engineer Carl von Linde and British engineer William Hampson. Both men lowered the temperature of air until it liquefied... |
[Tesla] claimed to have developed his own [physical principle] regarding [matter] and [energy] that he started working on in [1892], and in [1937], at [age 81], claimed in a [letter] to have completed a "dynamic theory of gravity" that "would put an end to [idle speculations] and [false conceptions], as that of [curved... | Tesla claimed to have developed his own physical principle regarding matter and energy that he started working on in 1892, and in 1937, at age 81, claimed in a letter to have completed a "dynamic theory of gravity" that "would put an end to idle speculations and false conceptions, as that of curved space." He stated th... |
The flow of [cold], [gray] [mountain water] continues for some distance into the [lake]. The [cold water] flows near the [surface] and at first doesn't mix with the [warmer], [green waters] of [Upper Lake]. But then, at the so-called [Rheinbrech], the [Rhine water] [abruptly falls] into the [depths] because of the [gre... | The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water.... |
[Compact trucks] were introduced, such as the [Toyota Hilux] and the [Datsun Truck], followed by the [Mazda Truck] (sold as the [Ford Courier]), and the [Isuzu-built Chevrolet LUV]. [Mitsubishi] rebranded its [Forte] as the [Dodge D-50] a few years after the [oil crisis]. [Mazda], [Mitsubishi] and [Isuzu] had [joint pa... | Compact trucks were introduced, such as the Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck, followed by the Mazda Truck (sold as the Ford Courier), and the Isuzu-built Chevrolet LUV. Mitsubishi rebranded its Forte as the Dodge D-50 a few years after the oil crisis. Mazda, Mitsubishi and Isuzu had joint partnerships with Ford, Chrys... |
[TVOntario] picked up the show in 1976 beginning with [The Three Doctors] and aired each [series] (several years late) through to [series 24] in 1991. From 1979 to 1981, TVO airings were bookended by [science-fiction writer Judith Merril] who would introduce the [episode] and then, after the [episode] concluded, try to... | TVOntario picked up the show in 1976 beginning with The Three Doctors and aired each series (several years late) through to series 24 in 1991. From 1979 to 1981, TVO airings were bookended by science-fiction writer Judith Merril who would introduce the episode and then, after the episode concluded, try to place it in a... |
[Rugby] is also a growing [sport] in [southern California], particularly at the [high school level], with [increasing numbers] of [schools] adding rugby as an [official school sport]. | Rugby is also a growing sport in southern California, particularly at the high school level, with increasing numbers of schools adding rugby as an official school sport. |
After the [Greeks], little happened with the study of [prime numbers] until the [17th century]. In [1640] [Pierre de Fermat] stated (without [proof]) [Fermat's little theorem] (later proved by [Leibniz] and [Euler]). [Fermat] also conjectured that all [numbers] of the form [22n + 1] are prime (they are called [Fermat n... | After the Greeks, little happened with the study of prime numbers until the 17th century. In 1640 Pierre de Fermat stated (without proof) Fermat's little theorem (later proved by Leibniz and Euler). Fermat also conjectured that all numbers of the form 22n + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers) and he verified t... |
The first historical reference to [Warsaw] dates back to the year [1313], at a time when [Kraków] served as the Polish capital city. Due to its [central location] between the [Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's] capitals of [Kraków] and [Vilnius], [Warsaw] became the capital of the [Commonwealth] and of the [Crown] of th... | The first historical reference to Warsaw dates back to the year 1313, at a time when Kraków served as the Polish capital city. Due to its central location between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's capitals of Kraków and Vilnius, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ... |
At the time of the [Marburg Colloquy], [Suleiman the Magnificent] was besieging [Vienna] with a vast [Ottoman army]. [Luther] had argued against resisting the [Turks] in his 1518 [Explanation of the Ninety-five Theses], provoking accusations of [defeatism]. He saw the [Turks] as a [scourge] sent to punish [Christians] ... | At the time of the Marburg Colloquy, Suleiman the Magnificent was besieging Vienna with a vast Ottoman army. Luther had argued against resisting the Turks in his 1518 Explanation of the Ninety-five Theses, provoking accusations of defeatism. He saw the Turks as a scourge sent to punish Christians by God, as agents of t... |
Throughout the Middle Ages, [Newcastle] was [England's northern fortress]. Incorporated first by [Henry II], the city had a [new charter] granted by [Elizabeth] in [1589]. A [25-foot (7.6 m) high stone wall] was built around the town in the [13th century], to [defend] it from [invaders] during the [Border war] against ... | Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress. Incorporated first by Henry II, the city had a new charter granted by Elizabeth in 1589. A 25-foot (7.6 m) high stone wall was built around the town in the 13th century, to defend it from invaders during the Border war against Scotland. The Scots ki... |
The [Rhine] is the [longest river] in [Germany]. It is here that the Rhine encounters some more of its [main tributaries], such as the [Neckar], the [Main] and, later, the [Moselle], which contributes an [average discharge] of more than [300 m3/s] ([11,000 cu ft/s]). [Northeastern France] drains to the Rhine via the Mo... | The Rhine is the longest river in Germany. It is here that the Rhine encounters some more of its main tributaries, such as the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle, which contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s). Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via the Moselle; smaller rivers ... |
For the [2012–13 school year] [annual tuition] was [$38,000], with a [total cost] of [attendance] of [$57,000]. [Beginning 2007], [families] with [incomes] [below $60,000] pay [nothing] for their [children] to [attend], including [room] and [board]. [Families] with [incomes] [between $60,000] to [$80,000] pay [only] a ... | For the 2012–13 school year annual tuition was $38,000, with a total cost of attendance of $57,000. Beginning 2007, families with incomes below $60,000 pay nothing for their children to attend, including room and board. Families with incomes between $60,000 to $80,000 pay only a few thousand dollars per year, and famil... |
The descendants of [Rollo]'s [Vikings] and their [Frankish wives] would replace the [Norse religion] and [Old Norse language] with [Catholicism] ([Christianity]) and the [Gallo-Romance language] of the local people, blending their [maternal Frankish heritage] with [Old Norse traditions] and [customs] to synthesize a un... | The descendants of Rollo's Vikings and their Frankish wives would replace the Norse religion and Old Norse language with Catholicism (Christianity) and the Gallo-Romance language of the local people, blending their maternal Frankish heritage with Old Norse traditions and customs to synthesize a unique "Norman" culture ... |
With the death of [Captain Francis Fowke], [Royal Engineers] the next architect to work at the museum was [Colonel (later Major General) Henry Young Darracott Scott], also of the [Royal Engineers]. He designed to the [north west] of the [garden] the [five-storey School for Naval Architects] (also known as the [science ... | With the death of Captain Francis Fowke, Royal Engineers the next architect to work at the museum was Colonel (later Major General) Henry Young Darracott Scott, also of the Royal Engineers. He designed to the north west of the garden the five-storey School for Naval Architects (also known as the science schools), now t... |
Using [boiling water] to produce [mechanical motion] goes back over [2000 years], but [early devices] were not [practical]. The [Spanish inventor] [Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont] obtained the first [patent] for a [steam engine] in [1606]. In [1698] [Thomas Savery] patented a [steam pump] that used [steam] in [direct con... | Using boiling water to produce mechanical motion goes back over 2000 years, but early devices were not practical. The Spanish inventor Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont obtained the first patent for a steam engine in 1606. In 1698 Thomas Savery patented a steam pump that used steam in direct contact with the water being pum... |
Both [innate] and [adaptive immunity] depend on the ability of the [immune system] to distinguish between [self] and [non-self molecules]. In [immunology], [self molecules] are those components of an [organism's body] that can be distinguished from [foreign substances] by the [immune system]. Conversely, [non-self mole... | Both innate and adaptive immunity depend on the ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules. In immunology, self molecules are those components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system. Conversely, non-self molecules are those recog... |
At the same time the [Mongols] imported [Central Asian Muslims] to serve as [administrators] in [China], the [Mongols] also sent [Han Chinese] and [Khitans] from [China] to serve as administrators over the [Muslim population] in [Bukhara] in [Central Asia], using foreigners to [curtail] the power of the [local peoples]... | At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara in Central Asia, using foreigners to curtail the power of the local peoples of both lands. Han Chines... |
Newcastle has [three cathedrals], the [Anglican St. Nicholas], with its elegant [lantern tower] of [1474], the [Roman Catholic St. Mary's] designed by [Augustus Welby Pugin] and the [Coptic Cathedral] located in [Fenham]. All [three cathedrals] began their lives as [parish churches]. [St Mary's] became a cathedral in [... | Newcastle has three cathedrals, the Anglican St. Nicholas, with its elegant lantern tower of 1474, the Roman Catholic St. Mary's designed by Augustus Welby Pugin and the Coptic Cathedral located in Fenham. All three cathedrals began their lives as parish churches. St Mary's became a cathedral in 1850 and St Nicholas' i... |
[Networks affiliates] approved a [two-year affiliate agreement] in [2002]. In [September], [Disney Chairman/CEO Michael Eisner] outlined a proposed [realignment] of the [ABC broadcast network] [day parts] with the [similar unit] in its [cable channels]: ABC [Saturday mornings] with [Disney Channels] ([Toon] & [Playhous... | Networks affiliates approved a two-year affiliate agreement in 2002. In September, Disney Chairman/CEO Michael Eisner outlined a proposed realignment of the ABC broadcast network day parts with the similar unit in its cable channels: ABC Saturday mornings with Disney Channels (Toon & Playhouse), ABC daytime with Soapne... |
[Jacksonville] has suffered less damage from [hurricanes] than most other [east coast cities], although the [threat] does exist for a [direct hit] by a [major hurricane]. The city has only received [one direct hit] from a [hurricane] since [1871]; however, Jacksonville has experienced [hurricane] or [near-hurricane con... | Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane. The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a d... |
[One computer model] of [future climate change] caused by [greenhouse gas emissions] shows that the [Amazon rainforest] could become [unsustainable] under conditions of [severely reduced rainfall] and [increased temperatures], leading to an [almost complete loss] of [rainforest cover] in the [basin] by [2100]. However,... | One computer model of future climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions shows that the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable under conditions of severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures, leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover in the basin by 2100. However, simulations of Amazon... |
Although it is generally accepted that [EU law] has [primacy], not all EU laws give [citizens standing] to bring [claims]: that is, not all EU laws have ["direct effect"]. In [Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen] it was held that the provisions of the [Treaties] (and [EU Regulations]) are [dire... | Although it is generally accepted that EU law has primacy, not all EU laws give citizens standing to bring claims: that is, not all EU laws have "direct effect". In Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen it was held that the provisions of the Treaties (and EU Regulations) are directly effective, i... |
By far [the most famous work] of [Norman art] is [the Bayeux Tapestry], which is not [a tapestry] but [a work of embroidery]. It was commissioned by [Odo], [the Bishop of Bayeux] and [first Earl of Kent], employing [natives] from [Kent] who were [learned] in [the Nordic traditions] imported in [the previous half centur... | By far the most famous work of Norman art is the Bayeux Tapestry, which is not a tapestry but a work of embroidery. It was commissioned by Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent, employing natives from Kent who were learned in the Nordic traditions imported in the previous half century by the Danish Vikings. |
[Consultant pharmacy practice] focuses more on [medication regimen review] (i.e. "cognitive services") than on [actual dispensing] of drugs. [Consultant pharmacists] most typically work in [nursing homes], but are increasingly branching into [other institutions] and [non-institutional settings]. Traditionally consultan... | Consultant pharmacy practice focuses more on medication regimen review (i.e. "cognitive services") than on actual dispensing of drugs. Consultant pharmacists most typically work in nursing homes, but are increasingly branching into other institutions and non-institutional settings. Traditionally consultant pharmacists ... |
[Killer T cells] are a [sub-group] of [T cells] that [kill cells] that are [infected] with [viruses] (and [other pathogens]), or are [otherwise damaged] or [dysfunctional]. As with [B cells], [each type] of [T cell] [recognizes] a [different antigen]. [Killer T cells] are [activated] when their [T cell receptor] ([TCR]... | Killer T cells are a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses (and other pathogens), or are otherwise damaged or dysfunctional. As with B cells, each type of T cell recognizes a different antigen. Killer T cells are activated when their T cell receptor (TCR) binds to this specific antigen in ... |
When suffering from [sleep deprivation], [active immunizations] may have a [diminished effect] and may result in [lower antibody production], and a [lower immune response], than would be noted in a [well-rested individual]. Additionally, [proteins] such as [NFIL3], which have been shown to be closely intertwined with b... | When suffering from sleep deprivation, active immunizations may have a diminished effect and may result in lower antibody production, and a lower immune response, than would be noted in a well-rested individual. Additionally, proteins such as NFIL3, which have been shown to be closely intertwined with both T-cell diffe... |
Luther's hymns [frequently] [evoked] [particular events] [in his life] and [the unfolding Reformation]. This behavior started [with] his [learning] [of] [the execution] [of] Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes, [the first individuals] [to be martyred] [by] [the Roman Catholic Church] [for] [Lutheran views], [prompting] Luthe... | Luther's hymns were frequently evoked by particular events in his life and the unfolding Reformation. This behavior started with his learning of the execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes, the first individuals to be martyred by the Roman Catholic Church for Lutheran views, prompting Luther to write the hymn "Ein n... |
In addition to arguing that the [rat population] was [insufficient] to account for a [bubonic plague pandemic], [sceptics] of the [bubonic plague theory] point out that the [symptoms] of the [Black Death] are not [unique] (and arguably in some accounts may [differ] from [bubonic plague]); that [transference] via [fleas... | In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to... |
The [origin] of [electric] and [magnetic fields] would not be [fully explained] until [1864] when [James Clerk Maxwell] [unified] a number of [earlier theories] into a set of [20 scalar equations], which were later [reformulated] into [4 vector equations] by [Oliver Heaviside] and [Josiah Willard Gibbs]. These ["Maxwel... | The origin of electric and magnetic fields would not be fully explained until 1864 when James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs. These "Maxwell Equations" fully describe... |
Notable alumni in the field of [government] and [politics] include the founder of modern [community organizing] [Saul Alinsky], [Obama campaign advisor] and top political advisor to [President Bill Clinton] [David Axelrod], [Attorney General] and federal judge [Robert Bork], [Attorney General] [Ramsey Clark], [Prohibit... | Notable alumni in the field of government and politics include the founder of modern community organizing Saul Alinsky, Obama campaign advisor and top political advisor to President Bill Clinton David Axelrod, Attorney General and federal judge Robert Bork, Attorney General Ramsey Clark, Prohibition agent Eliot Ness, S... |
In [1998], the [network] began using a [minimalist] [graphical identity], designed by [Pittard Sullivan], featuring a [small] [black-and-white] "[ABC Circle]" [logo] on a [yellow background] (promotions during this time also featured a [sequence] of [still photos] of the [stars] of its [programs] during the [timeslot c... | In 1998, the network began using a minimalist graphical identity, designed by Pittard Sullivan, featuring a small black-and-white "ABC Circle" logo on a yellow background (promotions during this time also featured a sequence of still photos of the stars of its programs during the timeslot card as well as the schedule s... |
In the aftermath of generally poor [French results] in most theaters of the [Seven Years' War] in 1758, [France]'s new [foreign minister], the [duc de Choiseul], decided to focus on an [invasion of Britain], to draw [British resources] away from [North America] and the [European mainland]. The invasion failed both [mil... | In the aftermath of generally poor French results in most theaters of the Seven Years' War in 1758, France's new foreign minister, the duc de Choiseul, decided to focus on an invasion of Britain, to draw British resources away from North America and the European mainland. The invasion failed both militarily and politic... |
In [1875], Tesla enrolled at [Austrian Polytechnic] in [Graz], [Austria], on a [Military Frontier scholarship]. During his [first year], Tesla never missed a [lecture], earned the [highest grades] possible, passed [nine exams], started a [Serbian culture club], and even received a [letter of commendation] from the [dea... | In 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship. During his first year, Tesla never missed a lecture, earned the highest grades possible, passed nine exams (nearly twice as many required), started a Serbian culture club, and even received a letter of commendation fro... |
In addition to [climate assessment reports], the [IPCC] is publishing [Special Reports] on specific topics. The [preparation] and [approval process] for all [IPCC Special Reports] follows the [same procedures] as for [IPCC Assessment Reports]. In the year [2011] two [IPCC Special Reports] were [finalized], the [Special... | In addition to climate assessment reports, the IPCC is publishing Special Reports on specific topics. The preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follows the same procedures as for IPCC Assessment Reports. In the year 2011 two IPCC Special Report were finalized, the Special Report on Renewable Ene... |
The dialect of Newcastle is known as [Geordie], and contains a [large amount] of [vocabulary] and [distinctive word pronunciations] not used in [other parts] of the [United Kingdom]. The Geordie dialect has much of its origins in the [language spoken] by the [Anglo-Saxon populations] who [migrated] to and [conquered] m... | The dialect of Newcastle is known as Geordie, and contains a large amount of vocabulary and distinctive word pronunciations not used in other parts of the United Kingdom. The Geordie dialect has much of its origins in the language spoken by the Anglo-Saxon populations who migrated to and conquered much of England after... |
A [problem] is regarded as [inherently difficult] if its solution requires [significant resources], whatever the [algorithm] used. The [theory] formalizes this [intuition], by introducing [mathematical models] of [computation] to study these [problems] and [quantifying] the [amount] of [resources] needed to solve them,... | A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources, whatever the algorithm used. The theory formalizes this intuition, by introducing mathematical models of computation to study these problems and quantifying the amount of resources needed to solve them, such as time and storag... |
[Approximately] [one million] [Protestants] in [modern France] represent [some] [2%] of its [population]. [Most] are [concentrated] in [Alsace] in [northeast France] and the [Cévennes mountain region] in the [south], who still [regard] themselves as [Huguenots] [to this day].[citation needed] [A diaspora] of [French Au... | Approximately one million Protestants in modern France represent some 2% of its population. Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cévennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day.citation needed A diaspora of French Australians still considers itself Hugu... |
[Highly concentrated sources] of [oxygen] promote [rapid combustion]. [Fire] and [explosion hazards] exist when [concentrated oxidants] and [fuels] are brought into [close proximity]; an [ignition event], such as [heat] or a [spark], is needed to trigger [combustion]. [Oxygen] is the [oxidant], not the [fuel], but neve... | Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion. Fire and explosion hazards exist when concentrated oxidants and fuels are brought into close proximity; an ignition event, such as heat or a spark, is needed to trigger combustion. Oxygen is the oxidant, not the fuel, but nevertheless the source of most of... |
[Ctenophores] used to be regarded as "dead ends" in [marine] [food chains] because it was thought their low ratio of [organic matter] to [salt] and [water] made them a [poor diet] for other [animals]. It is also often difficult to [identify] the remains of [ctenophores] in the [guts] of [possible predators], although t... | Ctenophores used to be regarded as "dead ends" in marine food chains because it was thought their low ratio of organic matter to salt and water made them a poor diet for other animals. It is also often difficult to identify the remains of ctenophores in the guts of possible predators, although the combs sometimes remai... |
The city is served by the [Tyne and Wear Metro], a system of [suburban] and [underground railways] covering much of [Tyne and Wear]. It was opened in five phases between [1980] and [1984], and was [Britain's first urban light rail transit system]; [two extensions] were opened in [1991] and [2002]. It was developed from... | The city is served by the Tyne and Wear Metro, a system of suburban and underground railways covering much of Tyne and Wear. It was opened in five phases between 1980 and 1984, and was Britain's first urban light rail transit system; two extensions were opened in 1991 and 2002. It was developed from a combination of ex... |
In [July 1973], as part of its [outreach programme] to [young people], the [V&A] became the [first museum] in [Britain] to present a [rock concert]. The [V&A] presented a [combined concert/lecture] by [British progressive folk-rock band Gryphon], who [explored] the [lineage] of [mediaeval music] and [instrumentation] a... | In July 1973, as part of its outreach programme to young people, the V&A became the first museum in Britain to present a rock concert. The V&A presented a combined concert/lecture by British progressive folk-rock band Gryphon, who explored the lineage of mediaeval music and instrumentation and related how those contrib... |
Newcastle replaced him in January 1756 with [Lord Loudoun], with [Major General James Abercrombie] as his second in command. Neither of these men had as much [campaign experience] as the trio of officers France sent to North America. [French regular army reinforcements] arrived in [New France] in May 1756, led by [Majo... | Newcastle replaced him in January 1756 with Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie as his second in command. Neither of these men had as much campaign experience as the trio of officers France sent to North America. French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France in May 1756, led by Major General L... |
Large-scale [regeneration] has replaced former [shipping premises] with [imposing] new [office developments]; an [innovative] [tilting bridge], the [Gateshead Millennium Bridge] was commissioned by [Gateshead Council] and has integrated the older [Newcastle Quayside] more closely with [major cultural developments] in [... | Large-scale regeneration has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments; an innovative tilting bridge, the Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council and has integrated the older Newcastle Quayside more closely with major cultural developments in Gateshead, including ... |
However, his religious views remain uncertain due to other statements that he made. [For example], in his [article], "A Machine to End War", [published] in [1937], [Tesla] [stated]: | However, his religious views remain uncertain due to other statements that he made. For example, in his article, "A Machine to End War", published in 1937, Tesla stated: |
In this equation, a [dimensional constant] is used to describe the [relative strength] of gravity. This constant has come to be known as [Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant], though its value was [unknown] in Newton's [lifetime]. Not until [1798] was [Henry Cavendish] able to make the [first measurement] of using ... | In this equation, a dimensional constant is used to describe the relative strength of gravity. This constant has come to be known as Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant, though its value was unknown in Newton's lifetime. Not until 1798 was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion bala... |
[precise definition], [solve a problem], [given amount of time], [space], [computational model], [deterministic Turing machine], [time required], [deterministic Turing machine M], [input x], [total number of state transitions], [steps], [machine makes], [halts], [outputs], [answer], ["yes"], ["no"], [Turing machine M],... | For a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine is used. The time required by a deterministic Turing machine M on input x is the total number of state transitions, or steps, the machine makes before it ha... |
Today, [Warsaw] has some of the [best] [medical facilities] in [Poland] and [East-Central Europe]. The city is home to the [Children's Memorial Health Institute (CMHI)], the [highest-reference hospital] in [Poland], as well as an [active research and education center]. While the [Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Onc... | Today, Warsaw has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe. The city is home to the Children's Memorial Health Institute (CMHI), the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland, as well as an active research and education center. While the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology it is ... |
For the first time, the [Super Bowl 50 Host Committee] and the [NFL] have openly sought [disabled veteran] and [lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender-owned businesses] in [Business Connect], the [Super Bowl program] that provides [local companies] with [contracting opportunities] in and around the [Super Bowl]. The [... | For the first time, the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee and the NFL have openly sought disabled veteran and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-owned businesses in Business Connect, the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl. The host committee has a... |
A large body of mathematical work would still be valid when calling [1] a [prime], but [Euclid]'s [fundamental theorem of arithmetic] (mentioned above) would not hold as stated. For example, the number [15] can be factored as [3] · [5] and [1] · [3] · [5]; if [1] were admitted as a prime, these two presentations would ... | A large body of mathematical work would still be valid when calling 1 a prime, but Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic (mentioned above) would not hold as stated. For example, the number 15 can be factored as 3 · 5 and 1 · 3 · 5; if 1 were admitted as a prime, these two presentations would be considered differen... |
However, this [oft-quoted] saying of [Tetzel] was by no means [representative] of [contemporary] [Catholic teaching] on [indulgences], but rather a [reflection] of his [capacity] to [exaggerate]. Yet if [Tetzel] [overstated] the [matter] in regard to [indulgences] for the [dead], his [teaching] on [indulgences] for the... | However, this oft-quoted saying of Tetzel was by no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences, but rather a reflection of his capacity to exaggerate. Yet if Tetzel overstated the matter in regard to indulgences for the dead, his teaching on indulgences for the living was in line with Catholi... |
The [four-year], [full-time undergraduate program] comprises a minority of [enrollments] at the [university] and emphasizes [instruction] with an "arts and sciences focus". Between [1978] and [2008], [entering students] were required to complete a [core curriculum] of [seven classes] outside of their [concentration]. S... | The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises a minority of enrollments at the university and emphasizes instruction with an "arts and sciences focus". Between 1978 and 2008, entering students were required to complete a core curriculum of seven classes outside of their concentration. Since 2008, undergradua... |
In the final years of the apartheid era, parents at [white government schools] were given the option to convert to a "semi-private" form called [Model C], and many of these schools changed their [admissions policies] to accept children of [other races]. Following the transition to democracy, the [legal form] of "Model ... | In the final years of the apartheid era, parents at white government schools were given the option to convert to a "semi-private" form called Model C, and many of these schools changed their admissions policies to accept children of other races. Following the transition to democracy, the legal form of "Model C" was abo... |
[Pushing against] an object on [a frictional surface] can result in a situation where [the object does not move] because [the applied force] is opposed by [static friction], generated between [the object] and [the table surface]. For [a situation with no movement], [the static friction force] exactly balances [the appl... | Pushing against an object on a frictional surface can result in a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction, generated between the object and the table surface. For a situation with no movement, the static friction force exactly balances the applied force resulting... |
[The time and space hierarchy theorems] form [the basis] for [most separation results] of [complexity classes]. [For instance], [the time hierarchy theorem] tells us that [P] is [strictly contained] in [EXPTIME], and [the space hierarchy theorem] tells us that [L] is [strictly contained] in [PSPACE]. | The time and space hierarchy theorems form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes. For instance, the time hierarchy theorem tells us that P is strictly contained in EXPTIME, and the space hierarchy theorem tells us that L is strictly contained in PSPACE. |
The [state] is most commonly divided and promoted by its [regional tourism groups] as consisting of [northern], [central], and [southern California regions]. The two [AAA Auto Clubs] of the state, the [California State Automobile Association] and the [Automobile Club of Southern California], choose to simplify matters ... | The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California regions. The two AAA Auto Clubs of the state, the California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California, choose to simplify matters by dividing the ... |
The [Amazon rainforest] (Portuguese: [Floresta Amazônica] or [Amazônia]; Spanish: [Selva Amazónica], [Amazonía] or usually [Amazonia]; French: [Forêt amazonienne]; Dutch: [Amazoneregenwoud]), also known in English as [Amazonia] or the [Amazon Jungle], is a [moist broadleaf forest] that covers most of the [Amazon basin]... | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... |
Despite the disagreements on the [Eucharist], the [Marburg Colloquy] paved the way for the signing in [1530] of the [Augsburg Confession], and for the formation of the [Schmalkaldic League] the following year by leading Protestant nobles such as [John of Saxony], [Philip of Hesse], and [George, Margrave of Brandenburg-... | Despite the disagreements on the Eucharist, the Marburg Colloquy paved the way for the signing in 1530 of the Augsburg Confession, and for the formation of the Schmalkaldic League the following year by leading Protestant nobles such as John of Saxony, Philip of Hesse, and George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach. The Sw... |
[Citizenship] of the [EU] has increasingly been seen as a "fundamental" [status] of [member state nationals] by the [Court of Justice], and has accordingly increased the number of [social services] that people can access wherever they move. The Court has required that [higher education], along with other forms of [voca... | Citizenship of the EU has increasingly been seen as a "fundamental" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice, and has accordingly increased the number of social services that people can access wherever they move. The Court has required that higher education, along with other forms of vocational training... |
The [earliest] [Doctor Who]-related [audio release] was a [21-minute] [narrated] [abridgement] of the [First Doctor] [television story] [The Chase] released in [1966]. [Ten years later], the [first original] [Doctor Who audio] was released on [LP record]; [Doctor Who and the Pescatons] featuring the [Fourth Doctor]. Th... | The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-minute narrated abridgement of the First Doctor television story The Chase released in 1966. Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record; Doctor Who and the Pescatons featuring the Fourth Doctor. The first commercially available a... |
[Downtown San Diego] is the [central business district] of [San Diego], though the [city] is filled with [business districts]. These include [Carmel Valley], [Del Mar Heights], [Mission Valley], [Rancho Bernardo], [Sorrento Mesa], and [University City]. Most of these districts are located in [Northern San Diego] and so... | Downtown San Diego is the central business district of San Diego, though the city is filled with business districts. These include Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Rancho Bernardo, Sorrento Mesa, and University City. Most of these districts are located in Northern San Diego and some within North County r... |
This [vibrant] and [culturally diverse] [area] of [retail businesses] and [residences] experienced a [renewal] after a [significant decline] in the [late 1960s] and [1970s].[citation needed] After [decades] of [neglect] and [suburban flight], the [neighborhood revival] followed the [re-opening] of the [Tower Theatre] i... | This vibrant and culturally diverse area of retail businesses and residences experienced a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s and 1970s.citation needed After decades of neglect and suburban flight, the neighborhood revival followed the re-opening of the Tower Theatre in the late 1970s, which at that ... |
It is a common misconception to ascribe the [stiffness] and [rigidity] of [solid matter] to the [repulsion] of [like charges] under the influence of the [electromagnetic force]. However, these characteristics actually result from the [Pauli exclusion principle].[citation needed] Since [electrons] are [fermions], they c... | It is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle.citation needed Since electrons are fermions, they cannot occupy the sam... |
The [Social Chapter] is a [chapter] of the [1997 Treaty of Amsterdam] covering [social policy issues] in [European Union law]. The basis for the Social Chapter was developed in [1989] by the "social partners" representatives, namely [UNICE], the [employers' confederation], the [European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC)... | The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam covering social policy issues in European Union law. The basis for the Social Chapter was developed in 1989 by the "social partners" representatives, namely UNICE, the employers' confederation, the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) and CEEP, the Eu... |
Luther secretly returned to Wittenberg on [6 March 1522]. He wrote to the [Elector]: "During my absence, [Satan] has entered my [sheepfold], and committed [ravages] which I cannot repair by [writing], but only by my [personal presence] and [living word]." For [eight days] in [Lent], beginning on [Invocavit Sunday], [9 ... | Luther secretly returned to Wittenberg on 6 March 1522. He wrote to the Elector: "During my absence, Satan has entered my sheepfold, and committed ravages which I cannot repair by writing, but only by my personal presence and living word." For eight days in Lent, beginning on Invocavit Sunday, 9 March, Luther preached ... |
[Peyton Manning] became the first [quarterback] ever to lead two different teams to multiple [Super Bowls]. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at [age 39]. The past record was held by [John Elway], who led the [Broncos] to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at [age 38] and is currently [Denver's E... | Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice P... |
The [physicians] of the [Yuan court] came from [diverse cultures]. [Healers] were divided into [non-Mongol physicians] called [otachi] and [traditional Mongol shamans]. The [Mongols] characterized [otachi doctors] by their use of [herbal remedies], which was distinguished from the [spiritual cures] of [Mongol shamanism... | The physicians of the Yuan court came from diverse cultures. Healers were divided into non-Mongol physicians called otachi and traditional Mongol shamans. The Mongols characterized otachi doctors by their use of herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism. Physicians received o... |
[On] 7 January 1900, Tesla left [Colorado Springs].citation needed His [lab] was torn down in 1904, and its [contents] were sold two years later to satisfy a [debt]. | On 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.citation needed His lab was torn down in 1904, and its contents were sold two years later to satisfy a debt. |
[Southern California] includes the [heavily built-up urban area] stretching along the [Pacific coast] from [Ventura], through the [Greater Los Angeles Area] and the [Inland Empire], and down to [Greater San Diego]. Southern California's population encompasses [seven metropolitan areas], or [MSAs]: the [Los Angeles metr... | Southern California includes the heavily built-up urban area stretching along the Pacific coast from Ventura, through the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire, and down to Greater San Diego. Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs: the Los Angeles metropolitan area, cons... |
Between the [1880s] and [World War II], [Downtown Fresno] [flourished], filled with [electric Street Cars], and contained some of the [San Joaquin Valley's] most [beautiful architectural buildings]. Among them, the [original Fresno County Courthouse] ([demolished]), the [Fresno Carnegie Public Library] ([demolished]), ... | Between the 1880s and World War II, Downtown Fresno flourished, filled with electric Street Cars, and contained some of the San Joaquin Valley's most beautiful architectural buildings. Among them, the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (demolished), the Fresno Water Tower... |
[Bethencourt] took the [title] of [King] of the [Canary Islands], as [vassal] to [Henry III] of [Castile]. In [1418], [Jean]'s [nephew] [Maciot de Bethencourt] sold the [rights] to the [islands] to [Enrique Pérez de Guzmán], [2nd Count] de [Niebla]. | Bethencourt took the title of King of the Canary Islands, as vassal to Henry III of Castile. In 1418, Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique Pérez de Guzmán, 2nd Count de Niebla. |
There are [13 natural reserves] in [Warsaw] – among others, [Bielany Forest], [Kabaty Woods], [Czerniaków Lake]. About [15 kilometres] ([9 miles]) from [Warsaw], the [Vistula river]'s environment changes [strikingly] and features a [perfectly preserved ecosystem], with a [habitat] of [animals] that includes the [otter]... | There are 13 natural reserves in Warsaw – among others, Bielany Forest, Kabaty Woods, Czerniaków Lake. About 15 kilometres (9 miles) from Warsaw, the Vistula river's environment changes strikingly and features a perfectly preserved ecosystem, with a habitat of animals that includes the otter, beaver and hundreds of bir... |
The [V&A] is in discussion with the [University of Dundee], [University of Abertay], [Dundee City Council] and the [Scottish Government] with a view to opening a new £43 million gallery in [Dundee] that would use the [V&A brand] although it would be funded through and operated independently. As of [2015], with costs es... | The V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee, University of Abertay, Dundee City Council and the Scottish Government with a view to opening a new £43 million gallery in Dundee that would use the V&A brand although it would be funded through and operated independently. As of 2015, with costs estimated at £76 m... |
The [image] of the [TARDIS] has become [firmly linked] to the [show] in the [public's consciousness]; [BBC] [scriptwriter] [Anthony Coburn], who lived in the [resort] of [Herne Bay], [Kent], was one of the people who [conceived] the [idea] of a [police box] as a [time machine]. In [1996], the [BBC] applied for a [trade... | The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn, who lived in the resort of Herne Bay, Kent, was one of the people who conceived the idea of a police box as a time machine. In 1996, the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS' blue polic... |
[Ctenophores] may be [abundant] during the [summer months] in some [coastal locations], but in [other places] they are [uncommon] and [difficult to find]. In [bays] where they occur in [very high numbers], [predation] by ctenophores may control the [populations] of [small zooplanktonic organisms] such as [copepods], wh... | Ctenophores may be abundant during the summer months in some coastal locations, but in other places they are uncommon and difficult to find. In bays where they occur in very high numbers, predation by ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms such as copepods, which might otherwise wipe o... |
The [addition] of new [rock units], both [depositionally] and [intrusively], often occurs during [deformation]. [Faulting] and other [deformational processes] result in the creation of [topographic gradients], causing material on the rock unit that is [increasing in elevation] to be [eroded] by [hillslopes] and [channe... | The addition of new rock units, both depositionally and intrusively, often occurs during deformation. Faulting and other deformational processes result in the creation of topographic gradients, causing material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation to be eroded by hillslopes and channels. These sediments are... |
The area is also known for its [early twentieth century homes], many of which have been [restored] in recent decades. The area includes many [California Bungalow] and [American Craftsman] style homes, [Spanish Colonial Revival Style] architecture, [Mediterranean Revival Style] architecture, [Mission Revival Style] arch... | The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades. The area includes many California Bungalow and American Craftsman style homes, Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture, Mediterranean Revival Style architecture, Mission Revival Style architecture, and ... |
Luther's [1538 hymnic version] of the [Lord's Prayer], "[Vater unser im Himmelreich]", corresponds [exactly] to Luther's [explanation] of the prayer in the [Small Catechism], with [one stanza] for each of the [seven prayer petitions], plus [opening] and [closing] stanzas. The hymn functioned both as a [liturgical setti... | Luther's 1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer, "Vater unser im Himmelreich", corresponds exactly to Luther's explanation of the prayer in the Small Catechism, with one stanza for each of the seven prayer petitions, plus opening and closing stanzas. The hymn functioned both as a liturgical setting of the Lord's Pray... |
[Euglenophytes] are a group of [common] [flagellated protists] that contain [chloroplasts] derived from a [green alga]. [Euglenophyte chloroplasts] have [three membranes]—it is thought that the [membrane] of the [primary endosymbiont] was lost, leaving the [cyanobacterial membranes], and the [secondary host's phagosoma... | Euglenophytes are a group of common flagellated protists that contain chloroplasts derived from a green alga. Euglenophyte chloroplasts have three membranes—it is thought that the membrane of the primary endosymbiont was lost, leaving the cyanobacterial membranes, and the secondary host's phagosomal membrane. Euglenoph... |
are prime. [Prime numbers] of this form are known as [factorial primes]. Other primes where either [p + 1] or [p − 1] is of a particular shape include the [Sophie Germain primes] (primes of the form [2p + 1] with [p prime]), [primorial primes], [Fermat primes] and [Mersenne primes], that is, [prime numbers] that are of... | are prime. Prime numbers of this form are known as factorial primes. Other primes where either p + 1 or p − 1 is of a particular shape include the Sophie Germain primes (primes of the form 2p + 1 with p prime), primorial primes, Fermat primes and Mersenne primes, that is, prime numbers that are of the form 2p − 1, wher... |
Early in [1537], [Johannes Agricola] (1494–1566) – serving at the time as [pastor] in [Luther]'s [birthplace], [Eisleben] – preached a [sermon] in which he claimed that [God]'s [gospel], not God's [moral law] (the [Ten Commandments]), revealed God's [wrath] to [Christians]. Based on this sermon and others by Agricola, ... | Early in 1537, Johannes Agricola (1494–1566) – serving at the time as pastor in Luther's birthplace, Eisleben – preached a sermon in which he claimed that God's gospel, not God's moral law (the Ten Commandments), revealed God's wrath to Christians. Based on this sermon and others by Agricola, Luther suspected that Agri... |
Virtually [all] [nuclear power plants] generate [electricity] by heating [water] to provide [steam] that drives a [turbine] connected to an [electrical generator]. [Nuclear-powered ships] and [submarines] either use a [steam turbine] directly for [main propulsion], with [generators] providing [auxiliary power], or else... | Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator. Nuclear-powered ships and submarines either use a steam turbine directly for main propulsion, with generators providing auxiliary power, or else employ turbo-electric tra... |
Train operator [Virgin Trains East Coast] provides a [half-hourly frequency] of trains to [London King's Cross], with a [journey time] of about [three hours], these services call at [Durham], [Darlington], [York], [Doncaster], [Newark North Gate] and [Peterborough] and north to [Scotland] with all trains calling at [Ed... | Train operator Virgin Trains East Coast provides a half-hourly frequency of trains to London King's Cross, with a journey time of about three hours, these services call at Durham, Darlington, York, Doncaster, Newark North Gate and Peterborough and north to Scotland with all trains calling at Edinburgh and a small numbe... |
[Telenet] was the first [FCC-licensed] [public data network] in the [United States]. It was founded by former [ARPA IPTO director] [Larry Roberts] as a means of making [ARPANET technology] public. He had tried to interest [AT&T] in buying the technology, but the [monopoly]'s reaction was that this was [incompatible] wi... | Telenet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States. It was founded by former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts as a means of making ARPANET technology public. He had tried to interest AT&T in buying the technology, but the monopoly's reaction was that this was incompatible with their future. Bol... |
While [constitutional law] concerns the [European Union]'s [governance structure], [administrative law] binds [EU institutions] and [member states] to follow the law. Both member states and the [Commission] have a [general legal right] or "standing" ([locus standi]) to bring [claims] against EU institutions and other m... | While constitutional law concerns the European Union's governance structure, administrative law binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law. Both member states and the Commission have a general legal right or "standing" (locus standi) to bring claims against EU institutions and other member states for bre... |
In [1542], [Luther] read a [Latin translation] of the [Qur'an]. He went on to produce several [critical pamphlets] on [Islam], which he called "[Mohammedanism]" or "the [Turk]". Though [Luther] saw the [Muslim faith] as a tool of the [devil], he was [indifferent] to its [practice]: "Let the [Turk] believe and live as h... | In 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam, which he called "Mohammedanism" or "the Turk". Though Luther saw the Muslim faith as a tool of the devil, he was indifferent to its practice: "Let the Turk believe and live as he will, just as one lets the... |
In [Europe] there are [old pharmacies] still operating in [Dubrovnik, Croatia], located inside the [Franciscan monastery], [opened] in [1317]; and in the [Town Hall Square] of [Tallinn, Estonia], [dating] from at least [1422]. The [oldest] is [claimed] to have been [set up] in [1221] in the [Church of Santa Maria Novel... | In Europe there are old pharmacies still operating in Dubrovnik, Croatia, located inside the Franciscan monastery, opened in 1317; and in the Town Hall Square of Tallinn, Estonia, dating from at least 1422. The oldest is claimed to have been set up in 1221 in the Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy, which ... |
Warsaw's [mixture] of [architectural styles] reflects the [turbulent history] of the [city] and [country]. During the [Second World War], Warsaw was [razed] to the ground by [bombing raids] and [planned destruction]. After [liberation], [rebuilding] began as in [other cities] of the [communist-ruled PRL]. [Most] of the... | Warsaw's mixture of architectural styles reflects the turbulent history of the city and country. During the Second World War, Warsaw was razed to the ground by bombing raids and planned destruction. After liberation, rebuilding began as in other cities of the communist-ruled PRL. Most of the historical buildings were t... |
[Tesla] obtained around [300 patents] worldwide for his [inventions]. Some of Tesla's patents are [not accounted for], and various sources have [discovered] some that have [lain hidden] in [patent archives]. There are a [minimum] of [278 patents] issued to Tesla in [26 countries] that have been accounted for. Many of T... | Tesla obtained around 300 patents worldwide for his inventions. Some of Tesla's patents are not accounted for, and various sources have discovered some that have lain hidden in patent archives. There are a minimum of 278 patents issued to Tesla in 26 countries that have been accounted for. Many of Tesla's patents were ... |
The [first] [commercially successful] [true engine], [in that] [it could generate power] and [transmit it to a machine], was [the atmospheric engine], [invented] by [Thomas Newcomen] [around 1712]. [It] was [an improvement] over [Savery's steam pump], [using] [a piston] as [proposed] by [Papin]. [Newcomen's engine] was... | The first commercially successful true engine, in that it could generate power and transmit it to a machine, was the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712. It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston as proposed by Papin. Newcomen's engine was relatively inefficient, and in most... |
The [smaller galleries] cover [Korea], the [Himalayan kingdoms] and [South East Asia]. [Korean] displays include [green-glazed ceramics], [silk embroideries] from [officials' robes] and [gleaming boxes] inlaid with [mother-of-pearl] made between [500 AD] and [2000]. [Himalayan] items include [important early Nepalese b... | The smaller galleries cover Korea, the Himalayan kingdoms and South East Asia. Korean displays include green-glazed ceramics, silk embroideries from officials' robes and gleaming boxes inlaid with mother-of-pearl made between 500 AD and 2000. Himalayan items include important early Nepalese bronze sculptures, repoussé ... |
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