id
stringlengths
36
36
syllogism
stringlengths
70
234
validity
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2 classes
plausibility
bool
2 classes
164f7e16-7ac9-4774-a7c7-c2cbef298b62
Every single cat is a type of animal. A few cats are mammals. It must follow that a portion of mammals are animals.
true
true
6dc080d8-0813-4880-bd7e-3d1045a738b4
It is true that everything which is a elephant is a mammal. There are no things that are wolves that are also elephants. From this, it follows that there are no wolves which are mammals.
false
false
3ced0425-c600-49d7-a41e-a958eea666d2
Not a single one of the things that are penguins is a flying bird. It is known that some birds are flying birds. The conclusion is that some birds are not penguins.
true
true
7249592f-7e6a-4976-9b19-10241d09dc6b
There is no snake which is a mammal. It is true that every single mammal is a reptile. It follows from this that all reptiles are snakes.
false
false
5f809928-5ead-4ebc-8fb0-c9eb220743f0
Every single human is a mammal. A subset of mammals is composed of women. It is necessarily true that some women are not humans.
false
false
5e7507ca-56d4-4de4-907f-8f0b1e17ac18
Anything that is a bird is a mammal. No parrots are included in the category of mammals. It is the case that some parrots are not birds.
true
false
002a6051-f7b3-4040-b571-50cfea46aaff
Every item that is a rose is also a flower. Every item that is a rose is also a plant with thorns. Hence, some plants that have thorns are flowers.
true
true
c86fa01b-37ba-42be-9d5a-6de70b504e54
There is no man that is a cat. No cat is a woman whatsoever. This implies that all women are men.
false
false
267512dd-01fb-4729-b167-a9df3f430683
Every single animal that is a cat is a vertebrate. Some fish are classified as vertebrates. As a result, not all fish are cats.
false
true
db2abe54-05ba-4564-bb8b-6ccace6583d3
Every item that is a fish is a plant. Some cars are fish. Therefore, all cars can be said to be plants.
false
false
d7f88cf8-7e75-4e88-a1e5-4f8ee0f7df4f
It is true that every human being is a vegetable. There are no vegetables that can be classified as teachers. As a result, it must be that some teachers are not people.
true
false
44dc4bd3-0d89-4d86-94f8-775692c4125c
Every nurse is a healthcare professional. Not a single teacher is a healthcare professional. A part of the population of teachers are not nurses.
true
true
0ca27016-be9b-4156-9e2a-509010ee8b89
Drums are completely separate from trumpets. A trumpet is, without exception, a musical instrument. Some musical instruments cannot be classified as drums.
true
true
ab8d4f5a-c4f4-4d1d-afea-b973c560be29
There are no creatures that are both mammals and reptiles. The class of human beings has members that are reptiles. The consequence is that some human beings are not mammals.
true
false
388a5385-6f40-43a8-b439-31f7de303b45
Anyone who is a teacher is an educator. It is impossible for a student to be an educator. Consequently, every student is a teacher.
false
false
fb36a074-649e-4d1c-99c0-9ee82e69775f
It is the case that no liquid is a solid. It is also the case that no gas is a solid. Therefore, all gases are liquids.
false
false
def100cc-5fa6-4026-bf80-73c1534c3728
Every fish can be seen to write novels. Anything that can write novels has feathers. It follows that a few things with feathers are fish.
true
false
98fda6b1-7e7b-48ea-9307-e27dfba67bb2
Every dog is an animal. There are no felines that are canines. It is the case that no cat is a dog.
false
true
0b639393-0cbf-4162-90a6-80cd8a7dc982
Anything which is a mammal is cold-blooded. All things that are whales are mammals. There exists at least one whale that is cold-blooded.
true
false
65473904-b2b6-44f0-83c3-66265f64d972
A number of objects categorized as furniture are not chairs. Every single item of furniture is a household good. We can therefore deduce that some household goods are not chairs.
true
true
0b8e8e21-cd62-4650-8381-d0502187cab3
There exist some buildings who are also houses. Of the things that are homes, some are also houses. It must be the case that some homes are not buildings.
false
false
6482e79d-72f3-4f68-9f0b-756c4324cf4a
Anything that is a mammal is a living organism. Every single dog is an living organism. This means every dog is a mammal.
false
true
78e5d104-977c-4233-94ac-519017f63a3b
There is no animal that is a living creature. There are no things with wings that are living creatures. It can be deduced that there are no things with wings that are animals.
false
false
d109b3fe-c6b0-401b-b185-250fa2af3ef7
There is no item that is a vehicle which is also a car. The group of automobiles includes some that are cars. We must accept that some automobiles are not vehicles.
true
false
f21a4aa3-4c4f-4f0c-a5be-28553f28a383
All things that are cars are vehicles. There is no vehicle that is a bicycle. Therefore, there is no bicycle that is a car.
true
true
82567966-505e-45fe-a4b0-c34de685c0a7
Every single dog is a mammal. A small number of mammals are animals. Some animals are not dogs.
false
true
dc67f615-0f81-4c0b-8870-1a0a7d995ab6
Anything that is a bird is a vertebrate. There are no insects which are birds. Therefore, it can be concluded that no insects are vertebrates.
false
true
d7ff6706-7df0-4f45-98ff-54593558d4ee
It is true that no car is a boat. There are no airplanes that are boats. Therefore, it is a fact that some airplanes are cars.
false
false
7b5fba34-77db-4a14-a9f4-810833a4d47b
Zebras are in no way dogs. There are some dogs that are mammals. This implies that some zebras are mammals.
false
true
bc22f637-3a98-4ae4-bb0f-26189c876e78
There are no humans that are animals. Every single doctor is not a human. Therefore, we can deduce that no doctors are animals.
false
false
5631278b-7761-4a8c-ae61-1694dd27d01a
Every person who is a prime minister is a politician. There are a number of people who are celebrities who are also politicians. It follows from this that there are some celebrities who are prime ministers.
false
true
ff71268e-b08f-48c4-a612-460a70e936ec
Anything which is a cloud is made of rock. Some weather phenomena are known to be clouds. Consequently, some weather phenomena are made of rock.
true
false
e2672031-d897-486a-adc7-82ce6404a832
There are no computers that are animals. There are no animals that are trees. Therefore, some trees are computers.
false
false
b9cd6b85-d8d8-4cf0-98e0-5a436b58820a
All people from New York need to pay taxes. Every New Yorker is a citizen of the US. Therefore, all citizens of the US need to pay taxes.
false
true
9f914ab3-38b2-420a-a2f6-fcf43f939219
Anything that is a mammal is warm-blooded. Every single dog is a mammal. At least one dog is warm-blooded.
true
true
de7fde47-808e-40d6-9096-51fc9478b3e6
There are some animals that are sparrows. All things that are sparrows are birds. Consequently, every single thing that is a bird is an animal.
false
true
8ea7335f-a484-4c94-b951-36f19e074fc5
There are no flowers that are vegetables. There are some carrots that are vegetables. As a result, no carrots are flowers.
false
true
febb0646-5f5b-4cee-bc66-a3444c562560
There is no person who is both a musician and a non-artistic person. It is known that some human beings are among the non-artistic people. The consequence is that there exist human beings who are not musicians.
true
true
4f6235d2-3f86-4257-908e-212e5e216d2e
It is the case that everything which is a dog is a mammal. No building is a dog. As a result, no building is a mammal.
false
true
a42796dd-7101-4b03-9025-ed548108bb4d
Not a single dog is a canine. Every single poodle is a canine. It follows from this that there are a number of poodles who are not dogs.
true
false
286eaae9-9661-46d3-9bce-ad2ccd9ec762
Anything that is a bird is a flying creature. Every single thing that is a bat is a flying creature. This means that every single bat is a bird.
false
false
53a60516-2faa-44ff-bf3b-bafc0c977589
There is no table that is a desk. No desks are chairs whatsoever. Therefore, we can conclude that no chair is a table.
false
true
6fd2b434-4215-415b-9e9b-5cf25fdc219f
Anything that is an insect has six legs. Every single spider is an insect. There are no spiders that do not have six legs.
false
false
c59a7a28-08ea-4b9f-9c08-9620ad08c302
Every single cat is a dog. It is true that no dog is a feline. It must follow that no feline is a cat.
true
false
318c3850-46c9-4bc9-b5e9-cf6b80f593dd
There are no fish that are mammals. There are no fish that are birds. Consequently, no birds are mammals.
false
true
5176c307-a806-4e4e-9298-5d6a45abe380
There are no fish that are land animals. It is true that all fish are vertebrates. It is the case that some vertebrates are not land animals.
true
true
29250e54-2aae-4cb6-a6d3-f2b461c30e62
Every single item that is money is not currency. A subset of items that are dollars are currency. It follows that some dollars are not money.
true
false
f78276e5-b847-4878-aba1-f920d12288f4
Everything that is a poodle is a dog. It is known that a portion of poodles are dogs. Consequently, some poodles are not dogs.
false
false
1230d4f7-42c5-4131-bbf3-5fe5387c93ea
There are no tables that are chairs. All zebras are, without exception, chairs. It is therefore suggested that some zebras are tables.
false
false
338b8556-2613-4481-a5d3-01653a6d9e69
There are certain leaders who are politicians. All of those who are politicians are also human beings. Hence, a group of human beings are leaders.
true
true
17e81c6e-6a6e-453a-aabf-99a82ee26f26
There are no reptiles which are also mammals. Not a single amphibian is a reptile. It is the case that a portion of amphibians are not mammals.
false
true
8fdb598b-6ead-4c42-8de3-b075661b2942
Everything that is a pencil is a writing instrument. Nothing that is an eraser is a writing instrument. There exists at least one eraser which is not a pencil.
true
true
a943b701-942e-4df8-bb91-4cee9349502a
Some plants are a type of vegetable. There are some carrots that are vegetables. This leads to the conclusion that some carrots are plants.
false
true
4843f8dc-ce23-4871-924d-f7f8c0fdc05a
Every single thing that is a car is a vehicle. A portion of trucks are vehicles. Consequently, some trucks are not cars.
false
false
60e5025b-d3b4-4b3c-a306-6486cd5a5f22
Anything that is a square is also a polygon. It is known that there are no circles that are squares. It has been proposed that no circles are polygons.
false
true
ed17a05a-a553-4df8-a45b-384eadb243e1
There are no cars that are made of water. There are no cars that are clouds. Consequently, no clouds are made of water.
false
false
c6aae9b7-d793-4aa7-a0cd-b1d9aed1b06b
A few cars are trucks. Every single thing that is a truck has wheels. It follows from this that every single thing with wheels is a car.
false
false
105da322-1326-48c0-8e48-6d74d8411eb9
There are no mammals which are fish. Every single fish is an animal. One can conclude that some animals are mammals.
false
true
cb4e2e4c-9882-43d9-8109-e4f96bbd15c1
Animals are entirely separate from creatures with beaks and feathers. Every single animal that is a bird is a creature with a beak and feathers. Birds cannot be considered animals.
true
false
f31cf4aa-e20f-4e2b-8bf0-18cc0c5ad48b
It is true that no lion is an animal. A certain number of lions are carnivores. Based on this, it must be the case that a certain number of carnivores are not animals.
true
false
58b506bc-66d0-4871-b98a-265bcf54830f
Birds are in no way winged creatures. There exist no winged creatures that are animals. It is the case that no bird is an animal.
false
false
ac5ce699-15c3-4842-8f1e-7d70227b0787
A portion of buildings are dogs. Every single dog is a domestic animal. Hence, some domestic animals are buildings.
true
false
688d3214-2f0e-4f44-b6ad-e92a7fa5a462
Every single lion is a building. There is no lion which is a skyscraper. Therefore, there are no skyscrapers that are buildings.
false
false
38e06b78-6374-4cb0-8ba9-a177a7b62c31
All things which are triangles are polygons. All things which are triangles are geometric shapes. It follows that some geometric shapes are polygons.
true
true
1dad7389-e8ab-4962-8d10-83b42c2fa4fe
Every single banana is a type of fruit. There are no fruits that are rocks. Therefore, it necessarily follows that some of the objects that are rocks are not bananas.
true
true
8c136b17-300a-4f32-85bb-6853fcdd0a01
There are some cars that are not a liquid. There are no bicycles that are cars. Consequently, there are no bicycles which are liquid.
false
true
82c35dfc-be1a-4fff-aaa9-454da55392ae
Every single flower is a plant. Any and all roses are also plants. This implies that all roses are flowers.
false
true
ec7a26c0-9309-4abc-9e9a-c1d472b2260c
It is the case that no numbers are concepts. Everything that is an integer is a number. Consequently, it must be true that some integers are not concepts.
true
false
5f1077d7-b61a-47a2-82ba-edae062acd77
Anything which is a rock is heavy. It is the case that some heavy things are not clouds. Therefore, this implies that all clouds are rocks.
false
false
99ba63a6-3b6a-4f63-a0f7-6cef1c11818f
Everything that is a hut is a vehicle. A few huts are houses. Thus, a number of houses are vehicles.
true
false
b3ea77c5-3d0e-4d54-9a4d-115a8d0ddd2e
Anything which is an ocean is a desert. There are no Atlantic Oceans that are not oceans. There exists at least one Atlantic Ocean that is a desert.
true
false
442ed46c-5aa5-445f-9ac3-4bf910bc7b3a
Anything that is a unit of time is a liquid. No weeks can be called liquids. A portion of weeks are not units of time.
true
false
c85824aa-aa42-497f-8997-ed7e9aa3b2f2
Every single cat is a dog. There is not a single mammal that is a cat. It can be concluded that no mammal is a dog.
false
true
7f71a082-108e-4c3c-a1ad-1af6c5bc3088
It is true that some people who are students are human. There are teenagers that are also students. This proves that a number of humans are not teenagers.
false
true
d6419856-fddb-4f1b-b11a-9121c08dd577
It is true that anything that is a rose is a flower. Every single flower is a plant. Therefore, it is a fact that some plants are roses.
true
true
c79f942d-c2a0-48d1-91d2-678a3fd36186
Anyone who is a planet is round. Some balls are not round. It is thus the case that all balls are planets.
false
false
c5035d70-ed49-4e5f-b18b-611693942991
It is the case that every fish lives in a tree. There exist some sea basses which do not live in trees. It necessarily follows that some sea basses are not fish.
true
false
435fcf21-2212-486d-86b2-92fe61151294
There are no mammals which are reptiles. Some animals are mammals. From this, it can be concluded that some animals are reptiles.
false
true
7c1ad437-c35c-456c-a34c-087eec67ee7a
There is no overlap between even numbers and words. All words are numbers that can be divided by two. Therefore, some numbers divisible by two are not even.
true
false
f5cb79a6-006c-4630-a820-e5b7cf16671d
It is a fact that all shirts are garments. Every single garment is an article of clothing. Therefore, we can conclude that a few articles of clothing are shirts.
true
true
2390b1c3-032f-44a1-a8ad-6515fa87aaf5
There are no dogs that are felines. It is also true that no cats are canines. Therefore, it is argued that there are no cats which are dogs.
false
true
7ff44cd7-5970-4c43-ac34-920d4f533b1f
All hammers are objects made by humans. All tools are also objects made by humans. Therefore, all tools are hammers.
false
false
7d017cf6-f94b-41d9-a6d6-a7bb8767f430
Some of the bees that exist are insects. Every single bee is an arthropod. Thus, some arthropods are insects.
true
true
da3044ed-e1a7-40a7-8bd2-cdeb09f5dbdb
No animal that is an invertebrate is a vertebrate. Among the things that are spiders, a few are invertebrates. Thus, some spiders are vertebrates.
false
false
7a442090-27f1-4565-b453-2183e6a605ea
Every single doctor is a professional. Anything that is an engineer is also a professional. Some engineers fail to be doctors.
false
true
bdb97c21-a08a-4fe1-b156-292e216a75ef
It is true that no comet is a moon. It is a fact that no planet is a moon. Therefore, some planets are comets.
false
false
c0895494-c8b9-49b8-ae50-85e05a9c2bad
Cats are in no way mammals. Every single cat is a feline. It is the case that some felines fail to be mammals.
true
false
55f37da9-53b1-41bd-8f9c-59909de052fd
Every single chef is a culinary expert. No pilots are included in the category of culinary experts. A certain number of pilots are not chefs.
true
true
b0c77d6f-3671-41cc-a15a-b980c56044fb
Students are in no way teachers. There are no teachers who are learners. It is the case that no student is an learner.
false
false
d8f5c7fb-a431-4ab6-890a-c4122be4c314
There are no plants that can be called humans. It is also true that every plant is a type of vegetable. This has led to the conclusion that every vegetable is a human.
false
false
8fc55b1f-be82-47a2-b48a-7ee31ee1c000
The class of athletes and the class of non-runners have elements in common. Every single runner is an athlete. Consequently, a portion of non-runners are not athletes.
false
true
6bb8be4b-69eb-4f96-8612-09547807c00b
Anything that is a cat is a creature with three eyes. Every single kitten is a cat. This means that every kitten has three eyes.
true
false
264785f1-ad8f-422d-ba64-9b9f60adffcc
Everything that is a living thing is a creature. It is impossible for something to be an organism and a creature at the same time. It is the case that a portion of organisms are not living things.
true
false
7083216a-6754-498f-8a93-53d551efe0c7
There is no soda that is a juice. A portion of the items that are beverages are not juices. It follows that some beverages are not sodas.
false
true
3b7c4fd5-632a-4a84-b2c2-482b84cf6f45
There is nothing that is a vegetable that is also a fruit. Every single thing that is a carrot is a vegetable. As a result, at least one thing that is a carrot is not a fruit.
true
true
38d3e6e5-e550-4d91-8d3c-c79d2f803f12
There are no books that are fiction and also non-fiction. Every single fiction book is a story. It follows that some stories fail to be non-fiction.
true
true
b06dffbf-bd41-46ca-84ed-7433e3acd848
Every single priest is a man. All priests are human. It follows from this that some humans are not men.
false
true
fd57b6c3-2eb7-4c4d-a7fd-7067584e69bc
There are no cars that are liquids. There are no cars that are oceans. Consequently, no oceans are liquids.
false
false
c50941bc-7c9e-43cb-90bd-d5289a7b7f5b
Anything that is a dog is also an animal. There are no animals which are lizards. This necessitates that no lizard is a dog.
true
true
eb04a408-b062-4c93-ba18-ffc28e0e8e4d
Not a single liquid is a solid. There are no gases which are also liquids. It follows that some gases are solids.
false
false