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Bonnoris noted, “The environmental justice movement posits that the distribution of environmental harms and benefits should be fairly apportioned among all communities”. As Bonnoris argued, the burden of air pollution is disproportionally distributed among communities based on their racial, social or economic status. D... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Molecular self-assembly is an important aspect of bottom-up approaches to nanotechnology. Using molecular self-assembly, the final (desired) structure is programmed in the shape and functional groups of the molecules. Self-assembly is referred to as a bottom-up manufacturing technique in contrast to a top-down techniqu... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
SELDI can be seen as a combination of solid-phase chromatography and TOF-MS. The sample is applied to a modified chip surface, which allows for the specific binding of proteins from the sample to the surface. Contaminants and unbound proteins are then washed away. After washing the sample, an energy absorbing matrix, s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 2020, conservationists raised concerns about the potential slaughter of sharks to obtain squalene for a COVID-19 vaccine.
Environmental and other concerns over shark hunting have motivated its extraction from other sources. Biosynthetic processes use genetically engineered yeast or bacteria. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The concept of homoaromaticity has its origins in the debate over the non-classical carbonium ions that occurred in the 1950s. Saul Winstein, a famous proponent of the non-classical ion model, first described homoaromaticity while studying the 3-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl cation.
In a series of acetolysis experiments, Winstei... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Vacuum deoxidation is a method which involves using a vacuum to remove impurities. A portion of the carbon and oxygen in steel will react, forming carbon monoxide. CO gas will float up to the top of the liquid steel and be removed by a vacuum system.
As the chemical reaction involved in vacuum deoxidation is:
the rea... | 8 | Metallurgy |
While the first observation of Bose-Einstein condensation was made in a magnetic atom trap using RF driven evaporative cooling, optical dipole traps are now much more common platforms for achieving condensation. Beginning in a MOT, cold, trapped atoms are transferred to the focal point of a high power, tightly focused,... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Isocyanates are electrophiles, and as such they are reactive toward a variety of nucleophiles including alcohols, amines, and even water having a higher reactivity compared to structurally analogous isothiocyanates.
Upon treatment with an alcohol, an isocyanate forms a urethane linkage:
where R and R' are alkyl or aryl... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* [http://www.chemicalland21.com/arokorhi/industrialchem/inorganic/HYPOPHOSPHOROUS%20ACID.htm ChemicalLand21 Listing] | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Two basic forms of leaves can be described considering the way the blade (lamina) is divided. A simple leaf has an undivided blade. However, the leaf may be dissected to form lobes, but the gaps between lobes do not reach to the main vein. A compound leaf has a fully subdivided blade, each leaflet of the blade being se... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The Science Based Targets initiative was established in 2015 to help companies to set emission reduction targets in line with climate sciences and Paris Agreement goals. It is funded by IKEA Foundation, Amazon, Bezos Earth Fund, We Mean Business coalition, Rockefeller Brothers Fund and UPS Foundation. In October 2021,... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Euxinia most frequently occurred in the Earth's ancient oceans, but its distribution and frequency of occurrence are still under debate. The original model was that it was quite constant for approximately a billion years. Some meta-analyses have questioned how persistent euxinic conditions were based on relatively smal... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The oldest and best known quantized force field is the electromagnetic field. Maxwell's equations have been superseded by quantum electrodynamics (QED). By considering the zero-point energy that arises from QED it is possible to gain a characteristic understanding of zero-point energy that arises not just through elect... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Her awards and honors include;
* 2019 AAAS IF/THEN Ambassador
* 2019 Young Observer Award at the 50th IUPAC General Assembly and 47th World Chemistry Congress in Paris, France
* 2020 American Chemical Society Grady-Stack award for her public engagement excellence
*BBC Science Focus named her one of six women changing c... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
On an industrial scale, the reaction of acetic anhydride with hydrogen chloride produces a mixture of acetyl chloride and acetic acid:
Common syntheses of acyl chlorides also entail the reaction of carboxylic acids with phosgene, thionyl chloride, and phosphorus trichloride Phosphorus pentabromide is used for acyl bro... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Cativa process is a method for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol. The technology, which is similar to the Monsanto process, was developed by BP Chemicals and is under license by BP Plc. The process is based on an iridium-containing catalyst, such as the complex [Ir(CO)I] (1).
The Cativ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
All the graphical symbols used in the SBGN languages are associated with an SBO term. This permits, for instance, to help generate SBGN maps from SBML models. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Fatty acyl-CoA esters are fatty acid derivatives formed of one fatty acid, a 3'-phospho-AMP linked to phosphorylated pantothenic acid (vitamin B) and cysteamine.
Long-chain acyl-CoA esters are substrates for a number of important enzymatic reactions and play a central role in the regulation of metabolism as allosteric... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Antibodies coating paramagnetic beads will bind to antigens present on the surface of cells thus capturing the cells and facilitate the concentration of these bead-attached cells. The concentration process is created by a magnet placed on the side of the test tube bringing the beads to it.
MACS systems (Magnetic Cell S... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In this oxidation scheme, ultraviolet light alone oxidizes the carbon within the sample to produce CO. The UV oxidation method offers the most reliable, low maintenance method of analyzing TOC in ultra-pure waters. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
SMAs display a phenomenon sometimes called superelasticity, but is more accurately described as pseudoelasticity. “Superelasticity” implies that the atomic bonds between atoms stretch to an extreme length without incurring plastic deformation. Pseudoelasticity still achieves large, recoverable strains with little to no... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Chromosome jumping library is different from chromosome walking due to the manipulations executed before the cloning step. In order to construct the library of chromosome jumping, individual clones originate from random points in the genome (general jumping libraries first basic protocol) or from the termini of specifi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As evidenced by a decreased fluorescence, OCP in its red form is capable of dissipating absorbed light energy from the phycobilisome antenna complex. According to Rakhimberdieva and coworkers, about 30-40% of the energy absorbed by phycobilisomes does not reach the reaction centers when the carotenoid-induced NPQ is ac... | 5 | Photochemistry |
TFA interacts with the TBP subunit of TFD and aids in the binding of TBP to TATA-box containing promoter DNA. Interaction of TFA with TBP facilitates formation of and stabilizes the preinitiation complex. Interaction of TFA with TBP also results in the exclusion of negative (repressive) factors that might otherwise b... | 1 | Biochemistry |
This is another factor which slows the motion of ions within a solution. It is the tendency of the applied potential to move the ionic atmosphere itself. This drags the solvent molecules along because of the attractive forces between ions and solvent molecules. As a result, the central ion at the centre of the ionic ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Superfluidity in an ultracold fermionic gas was experimentally proven by Wolfgang Ketterle and his team who observed quantum vortices in lithium-6 at a temperature of 50 nK at MIT in April 2005. Such vortices had previously been observed in an ultracold bosonic gas using rubidium-87 in 2000, and more recently in two-d... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Macrocycles can access a number of stable conformations, with preferences to reside in those that minimize the number of transannular nonbonded interactions within the ring. Medium rings (8-11 atoms) are the most strained with between 9-13 (kcal/mol) strain energy; analysis of the factors important in considering larg... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The VAR process is used on many different materials. Certain applications almost always use a material that has been VAR treated. A list of materials that may be VAR treated include:
*Stainless Steel
*Alloy Steel
**4340 & 4330+V
**300M
**AF1410
**Aermet 100
**M50
**BG42
**Nitralloy
**16NCD13
**35NCD16
**HY-100
**HY-180... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A reaction step of a chemical reaction is defined as: "An elementary reaction, constituting one of the stages of a stepwise reaction in which a reaction intermediate (or, for the first step, the reactants) is converted into the next reaction intermediate (or, for the last step, the products) in the sequence of intermed... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The outgassing of volatile silicones on low Earth orbit devices leads to presence of a cloud of contaminants around the spacecraft. Together with atomic oxygen bombardment, this may lead to gradual deposition of thin layers of carbon-containing silicon dioxide. Their poor transparency is a concern in case of optical sy... | 8 | Metallurgy |
; In vitro measurements
Other tests measure the antioxidant capacity of a fraction. Some make use of the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation, which is reactive towards most antioxidants including phenolics, thiols and vitamin C. During this reaction, the blue ABTS radical catio... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
K and U move together during geochemical processes and have long-lived radioisotopes that emit gamma rays. It is calculated as a ratio of one to the other on an equal mass basis which is often .
This creates a compelling explanation for the evolution of the solar system.
This result is consistent with an increasing tem... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Phage λ is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects E. coli. The λ chromosome is 48.5kb long and can carry inserts up to 25kb. These inserts replace non-essential viral sequences in the λ chromosome, while the genes required for formation of viral particles and infection remain intact. The insert DNA is replicated with... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The company Evolva has developed a genetically modified microorganism which can produce vanillin. Because the microbe is a processing aid, the resulting vanillin would not fall under U.S. GMO labeling requirements, and because the production is nonpetrochemical, food using the ingredient can claim to contain "no artifi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Bimetallic materials are materials that are made out of two different metals or alloys that are tightly bonded together. A good example of a bimetallic material would be a bimetallic strip which is used in some kinds of thermometers. In ISCR, bimetallic materials are small pieces of metals that are coated lightly with ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Gilbert Stork was born in the Ixelles municipality of Brussels, Belgium on December 31, 1921. The oldest of 3 children, his middle brother, Michel, died in infancy, but he remained close with his younger sister Monique his whole life. His family had Jewish origins, although Gilbert himself didnt recall them being reli... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
There are several sources for single strand nucleases. The first widely used enzyme was mung bean nuclease, but this nuclease has been shown to have high non-specific activity, and only works at low pH, which can degrade PCR products and dye-labeled primers. The original source for single strand nuclease was from CEL... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Some plants mimic the presence of insect eggs on their leaves, dissuading insect species from laying their eggs there. Because female butterflies are less likely to lay their eggs on plants that already have butterfly eggs, some species of neotropical vines of the genus Passiflora (Passion flowers) contain physical str... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Total synthesis is the complete chemical synthesis of a complex molecule, often a natural product, from simple, commercially-available precursors. It usually refers to a process not involving the aid of biological processes, which distinguishes it from semisynthesis. Syntheses may sometimes conclude at a precursor wit... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Rust is associated with the degradation of iron-based tools and structures. As rust has a much higher volume than the originating mass of iron, its buildup can also cause failure by forcing apart adjacent parts — a phenomenon sometimes known as "rust packing". It was the cause of the collapse of the Mianus river bridge... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Flutamide has also been associated with interstitial pneumonitis (which can progress to pulmonary fibrosis). The incidence of interstitial pneumonitis with flutamide was found to be 0.04% (4 per 10,000) in a large clinical cohort of 41,700 prostate cancer patients. A variety of case reports have associated flutamide wi... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
A benzoporphyrin is a porphyrin with a benzene ring fused to one of the pyrrole units. e.g. verteporfin is a benzoporphyrin derivative. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Kinetic models describe the particle velocity distribution function at each point in the plasma and therefore do not need to assume a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. A kinetic description is often necessary for collisionless plasmas. There are two common approaches to kinetic description of a plasma. One is based on re... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In a normal bearing the surfaces are separated by a layer of oil, this is known as elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrication. If the thickness of the EHD film is of the same order of magnitude as the surface roughness, the surface topography is able to interact and cause micro pitting. A thin EHD film may be caused by exces... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Herman Thompson Briscoe (November 6, 1893 – October 8, 1960) was an American chemist and professor of chemistry. The Herman T. Briscoe Professorship in Chemistry at Indiana University was established in 1961, and the Herman T. Briscoe Quadrangle Dormitory was dedicated in 1966. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A thermodynamic cycle consists of linked sequences of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system, while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state. In the process of passing throug... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Twenty-two DNA repair genes with hypermethylated promoters, and reduced or absent expression, were found to occur among 17 types of cancer, as listed in two review articles. Promoter hypermethylation of MGMT occurs frequently in a number of cancers including 93% of bladder cancers, 88% of stomach cancers, 74% of thyro... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Methyl orange has mutagenic properties. When methyl orange is put under oxidative stress, one of the double-bonded nitrogen atoms that connects the aromatic rings gets radicalized and can further break down into reactive oxygen species or anilines, which are carcinogenic and can mutate DNA. Various bacteria and enzymes... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
This acid–base theory was a revival of the oxygen theory of acids and bases proposed by German chemist Hermann Lux in 1939, further improved by Håkon Flood and is still used in modern geochemistry and electrochemistry of molten salts. This definition describes an acid as an oxide ion () acceptor and a base as an oxide... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Industrially, hydrocyanation is commonly performed on alkenes catalyzed by nickel complexes of phosphite () ligands. A general reaction is shown: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Soil amendments such as fertilizers and manures can cause soil acidification. Sulfur based fertilizers can be highly acidifying, examples include elemental sulfur and iron sulfate while others like potassium sulfate have no significant effect on soil pH. While most nitrogen fertilizers have an acidifying effect, ammon... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Some SELEX reactions can generate probes that are dependent on primer binding regions for secondary structure formation. There are aptamer applications for which a short sequence, and thus primer truncation, is desirable. An advancement on the original method allows an RNA library to omit the constant primer regions, w... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In organic and physical organic chemistry, Clars rule is an empirical rule that relates the chemical stability of a molecule with its aromaticity. It was introduced in 1972 by the Austrian organic chemist Erich Clar in his book The Aromatic Sextet'. The rule states that given a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, the r... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Indirect DNA damage occurs when a UV-photon is absorbed in the human skin by a chromophore that does not have the ability to convert the energy into harmless heat very quickly. Molecules that do not have this ability have a long-lived excited state. This long lifetime leads to a high probability for reactions with othe... | 5 | Photochemistry |
When block copolymer micelles do not display the characteristic relaxation processes of surfactant micelles, these are called kinetically frozen micelles. These can be achieved in two ways: when the unimers forming the micelles are not soluble in the solvent of the micelle solution, or if the core forming blocks are gl... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Amides undergo many chemical reactions, although they are less reactive than esters. Amides hydrolyse in hot alkali as well as in strong acidic conditions. Acidic conditions yield the carboxylic acid and the ammonium ion while basic hydrolysis yield the carboxylate ion and ammonia. The protonation of the initially gene... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A ribosome binding site, or ribosomal binding site (RBS), is a sequence of nucleotides upstream of the start codon of an mRNA transcript that is responsible for the recruitment of a ribosome during the initiation of translation. Mostly, RBS refers to bacterial sequences, although internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) ha... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Cytokeratin 5/6 antibodies are antibodies that target both cytokeratin 5 and cytokeratin 6. These are used in immunohistochemistry, often called CK 5/6 staining, including the following applications:
*Identifying basal cells or myoepithelial cells in the breast and prostate.
*For breast pathology, also in distinguishin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
An important application of Z-HIT is the examination of experimental impedance spectra for artifacts. The examination of EIS series measurements is often difficult due to the tendency of examined objects to undergo changes during the measurement. This may occur in many standard EIS applications such as the evaluation o... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In contrast to selenonic and seleninic acids, selenenic acids are unstable with respect to a self-condensation reaction to form the corresponding selenoseleninates or disproportionation into corresponding seleninic acids and diselenides:
:2 RSeOH → RSe(O)SeR + HO
:2 RSeOH → RSeOH + 1/2 RSeSeR
Even the very bulky ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Over-activation of mTOR signaling significantly contributes to the initiation and development of tumors and mTOR activity was found to be deregulated in many types of cancer including breast, prostate, lung, melanoma, bladder, brain, and renal carcinomas. Reasons for constitutive activation are several. Among the most ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The first law gives rise to the following formula:
in which
* is the permeability, an experimentally determined membrane "conductance" for a given gas at a given temperature.
* is the difference in concentration of the gas across the membrane for the direction of flow (from to ).
Fick's first law is also important i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Mice with truncated EpoR are viable, which suggests Jak2 activity is sufficient to support basal erythropoiesis by activating the necessary pathways without phosphotyrosine docking sites being needed. EpoR-H form of EpoR truncation contains the first, and, what can be argued, the most important tyrosine 343 that serves... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Organotantalum compounds are invoked as intermediates in C-alkylation of secondary amines with 1-alkenes using Ta(NMe). The chemistry developed by Maspero was later brought to fruition when Hartwig and Herzon reported the hydroaminoalkylation of olefins to form alkylamines:
The catalytic cycle may proceed by β-hydrogen... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Triphosgene is used as a reagent in organic synthesis as a source of CO. It behaves like phosgene, to which it cracks thermally:
Alcohols are converted to carbonates. Primary and secondary amines are converted to ureas and isocyanates.
Triphosgene has been used to synthesize chlorides. Some Alkyl chlorides are prepar... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Explosophores are functional groups in organic chemistry that give organic compounds explosive properties. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
2-Phenylpyridine is an organic compound with the formula CHCHN (or CHN). It is a colourless viscous liquid. The compound and related derivatives have attracted interest as precursors to highly fluorescent metal complexes of possible value as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).
The compound is prepared by the reacti... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In rare cases, a mutation in the genes controlling the production of lactate dehydrogenase will lead to a medical condition known as lactate dehydrogenase deficiency. Depending on which gene carries the mutation, one of two types will occur: either lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency (also known as glycogen storage dise... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Protein adsorption refers to the adhesion of proteins to solid surfaces. This phenomenon is an important issue in the food processing industry, particularly in milk processing and wine and beer making. Excessive adsorption, or protein fouling, can lead to health and sanitation issues, as the adsorbed protein is very ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Certain gases, when mixed with dry water, combine with the water, which then traps them in a solid clathrate hydrate cage. This presents the possibility that explosive gases could be transported in dry water with a reduced risk of detonation. Dry water is currently being considered for use as a carbon sequestration age... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Catherine E. Costello attended the Emmanuel College in Boston for her undergraduate studies in chemistry, and minors in mathematics and physics. She received a Master of Science (1967) and a PhD from Georgetown University (1971). After graduation, she did post-doctoral research with Klaus Biemann at Massachusetts Insti... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Compressible flows in non-ideal conditions are encountered in several industrial and aerospace applications. They are employed for example in Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) and supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO) systems for power production. In the aerospace field, fluids in conditions close to saturation can be used as ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Sulfites and hydrogensulfites reduce iodine readily in acidic medium to iodide. Thus when a diluted but excess amount of standard iodine solution is added to known volume of sample, the sulfurous acid and sulfites present reduces iodine quantitatively:
(This application is used for iodimetry titration because here Iodi... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
[Ru(bpy)] absorbs ultraviolet and visible light. Aqueous solutions of [Ru(bpy)]Cl are orange due to a strong MLCT absorption at 452 ± 3 nm (extinction coefficient of 14,600 Mcm). Further absorption bands are found at 285 nm corresponding to ligand centered π← π transitions and a weak transition around 350 nm (d-d trans... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Wades rules are successful in describing the geometry of the anionic sublattice of Zintl phases and of Zintl ions but not the electronic structure. Other spherical shell models with spherical harmonic wave functions for molecular orbitals—analogous to atomic orbitals—that describe the clusters as pseduo elements. The J... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
MAO inhibitors within 14 days. MAO inhibitors include isocarboxazid, linezolid, phenelzine, rasagiline, selegiline, and tranylcypromine.
Drinking alcohol can increase side effects of dexbrompheniramine. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
ROP proteins are a type of monomeric G proteins found in plants belonging to the Rho family. ROP binding to GTP or GDP determines its activity due to conformational changes within its structure. Within the G-domain of the structure are the G-box motifs G1-5. These motifs are formed during protein folding and are compos... | 1 | Biochemistry |
If V is the molar volume and T the critical temperature of a liquid the surface tension γ is given by
where k is a constant valid for all liquids, with a value of 2.1×10 J/(K·mol).
More precise values can be gained when considering that the line normally passes the temperature axis 6 K before the critical point:
The mo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Owing to the importance of butyrate as an inflammatory regulator and immune system contributor, butyrate depletions could be a key factor influencing the pathogenesis of many vasculitic conditions. It is thus essential to maintain healthy levels of butyrate in the gut. Fecal microbiota transplants (to restore BPB and s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The location of spliceosomal activity for the minor class spliceosome is regarded by most experts to be in the nucleus. However, a single paper has claimed that the minor spliceosome is active in the cytosol. The data presented within this paper are not fully accepted within the field and directly contradict numerous... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Total suspended solids (TSS) concentration is the concentration (dry weight mass per unit volume of water) of all the material in water that is caught on a filter, usually a filter with about a 0.7 micrometer pore size. This includes all the particles suspended in water, such as mineral particles (silt, clay), organic ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
* pnictochalcogenides
** oxypnictides, including oxynitrides, oxyphosphides, oxyarsenides, oxyantimonides, oxybismuthides
* chalcohalides or chalcogenide halides
** oxohalides, including oxyfluorides, oxychlorides, oxybromides, oxyiodides
** fluorosulfides
** sulfide chlorides, selenide chlorides, telluride chlorides
*... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
As with Cu, the field of Zn isotope biogeochemistry is still in a relatively early stage, so the Zn isotope compositions of materials in the environment are not well-documented. However, based on a compilation of some reported measurements, it appears that Zn isotope ratios do not vary widely among environmental materi... | 9 | Geochemistry |
This consists of a refrigeration cycle, where heat is removed from a low-temperature space or source and rejected to a high-temperature sink with the help of external work, and its inverse, the thermodynamic power cycle. In the power cycle, heat is supplied from a high-temperature source to the engine, part of the heat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An unspliced form of SFRP1 is the dominant form in the lung and liver, leading to an extended protein. This extended sequence contains a hydrophobic region that may act as a transmembrane anchor, modifying the localization of the protein. This may then influence the function of SFRP1 in different tissues because an u... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nickel–metal hydride batteries (Ni-MH) largely replaced Ni-Cd batteries in the early 1990s. They replaced the metallic cadmium electrode with a hydrogen-absorbing alloy, allowing it to have over two times the capacity of Ni-Cd batteries while being easier to recycle. Their heyday in computer equipment was in the early-... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A reaction mixture
containing 1 ml of 0.05% O-Phenanthroline in methanol, 2 ml ferric chloride (200 M) and 2 ml of various concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 g was incubated at room temperature for 10 min and the absorbance of the same was measured at 510 nm. EDTA was used as a classical metal chelator. The experim... | 1 | Biochemistry |
An improvement on vibration, vibratory, and linear screeners, a tumbler screener uses elliptical action which aids in screening of even very fine material. As like panning for gold, the fine particles tend to stay towards the center and the larger go to the outside. It allows for segregation and unloads the screen surf... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In multi-exponential fitting, the time-resolved curves are fitted with an exponential decay model to determine the decay constants. While this method is straightforward, it has low accuracy. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Galvanic corrosion is the electrochemical erosion of metals. Corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are in contact with each other in the presence of an electrolyte, such as salt water. This forms a galvanic cell, with hydrogen gas forming on the more noble (less active) metal. The resulting electrochemical potent... | 8 | Metallurgy |
There are several methods for cell lysis, including alkaline lysis, mechanical lysis, and enzymatic lysis. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The use of anti-graffiti barrier coatings to protect graffiti-prone historic buildings, monuments, and other culturally-sensitive surfaces may seem to be an easy solution to a persistent problem. Research suggests that the application of such coatings can cause physical or aesthetic changes or otherwise damage historic... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A typical humic substance is a mixture of many molecules, some of which are based on a motif of aromatic nuclei with phenolic and carboxylic substituents, linked together; the illustration shows a typical structure.
The functional groups that contribute most to surface charge and reactivity of humic substances are phen... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Herbert Charles Brown (May 22, 1912 – December 19, 2004) was an American chemist and recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work with organoboranes. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
SOCl adopts a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry with C molecular symmetry. This geometry is attributed to the effects of the lone pair on the central sulfur(IV) center.
In the solid state SOCl forms monoclinic crystals with the space group P2/c. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Cyclization of an azomethine ylide with a carbonyl affords a spirocyclic oxazolidine, which loses CO to form a seven-membered ring. These high-utility decarboxylative multi-step reactions are common in azomethine ylide chemistry. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A number of implanted ceramics have not actually been designed for specific biomedical applications. However, they manage to find their way into different implantable systems because of their properties and their good biocompatibility. Among these ceramics, we can cite silicon carbide, titanium nitrides and carbides, a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP or mDIP) is a large-scale (chromosome- or genome-wide) purification technique in molecular biology that is used to enrich for methylated DNA sequences. It consists of isolating methylated DNA fragments via an antibody raised against 5-methylcytosine (5mC). This technique was ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Virilization in females can manifest as clitoral enlargement, increased muscle strength, acne, hirsutism, frontal hair thinning, deepening of the voice, menstrual disruption due to anovulation, and a strengthened libido. Some of the possible causes of virilization in females are:
* Androgen-producing tumors of the
** o... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The objectives of the European Coil Coating Association are described in the association's statutes and rules of procedure:
* Setting quality performance standards and developing test methods
* Spreading the benefits of coil and/or sheet coated metal with particular emphasis on environmental, cost and quality benefits
... | 8 | Metallurgy |
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