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The basic building blocks of carotenoids are isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). These two isoprene isomers are used to create various compounds depending on the biological pathway used to synthesize the isomers. Plants are known to use two different pathways for IPP production: the cyt... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The specific feature of German silver overlay is the degree of purity – 925 for Sterling silver or 999 for fine silver. The quality of silver used for German overlay can be seen by identifying the impressed 1000 mark (usually on the base or side of an item). The purity and thickness of the silver overlay ensures the be... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Acyl azides are carboxylic acid derivatives with the general formula RCON. These compounds, which are a subclass of organic azides, are generally colorless. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In chemistry, a NONOate is a compound having the chemical formula RRN−(NO)−N=O, where R and R are alkyl groups. One example for this is 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine, or diethylamine dinitric oxide. These compounds are unusual in having three sequential nitrogen atoms: an amine functional group, a bridging N... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Caspian turtle (Mauremys caspica), although found in neighboring areas, is a wholly freshwater species. The zebra mussel is native to the Caspian and Black Sea basins, but has become an invasive species elsewhere, when introduced. The area has given its name to several species, including the Caspian gull and the Ca... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Compared to ketones and aldehydes, esters are relatively resistant to reduction. The introduction of catalytic hydrogenation in the early part of the 20th century was a breakthrough; esters of fatty acids are hydrogenated to fatty alcohols.
A typical catalyst is copper chromite. Prior to the development of catalytic hy... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In 1972, Friedmann and Roblin authored a paper in Science titled "Gene therapy for human genetic disease?". Rogers (1970) was cited for proposing that exogenous good DNA be used to replace the defective DNA in those with genetic defects. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Amines serve as nucleophiles in attacking the sulfonyl chloride electrophile, displacing chloride. The sulfonamides resulting from primary and secondary amines are poorly soluble and precipitate as solids from solution.
For primary amines (R' = H), the initially formed sulfonamide is deprotonated by base to give a wa... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Most well-nourished people in industrialized countries have 4 to 5 grams of iron in their bodies (~38 mg iron/kg body weight for women and ~50 mg iron/kg body for men). Of this, about is contained in the hemoglobin needed to carry oxygen through the blood (around 0.5 mg of iron per mL of blood), and most of the rest (... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In thermodynamics, a departure function is defined for any thermodynamic property as the difference between the property as computed for an ideal gas and the property of the species as it exists in the real world, for a specified temperature T and pressure P. Common departure functions include those for enthalpy, entr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Vitamin D overdose causes hypercalcemia, which is a strong indication of vitamin D toxicity – this can be noted with an increase in urination and thirst. If hypercalcemia is not treated, it results in excess deposits of calcium in soft tissues and organs such as the kidneys, liver, and heart, resulting in pain and orga... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Cefalexin is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) and the Australian Approved Name (AAN), while cephalexin is the British Approved Name (BAN) and the United States Adopted Name (USAN). Brand names for cefalexin include Keflex, Acfex, Cephalex, Ceporex, L-Xahl, Medoxine, Ospexin, Torlasporin, Bio-Cef, Panixine Di... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Some of the simplest reactive transport problems can be solved analytically. Where equilibrium sorption is described by a linear distribution coefficient, for example, the sorbing solute's velocity is retarded relative to that of a nonreactive tracer; the relative velocities can be described with a retardation factor. ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Analogously to the in situ IR experiments described above, in situ UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy may be used to monitor the course of a reaction, provided a reagent or product shows distinctive absorbance in the UV spectral region. The rate of reactant consumption and/or product formation may be abstracted from th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
For discrete probability distributions and defined on the same sample space, the relative entropy from to is defined to be
which is equivalent to
In other words, it is the expectation of the logarithmic difference between the probabilities and , where the expectation is taken using the probabilities .
Relative en... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When comparing a polar and nonpolar molecule with similar molar masses, the polar molecule in general has a higher boiling point, because the dipole–dipole interaction between polar molecules results in stronger intermolecular attractions. One common form of polar interaction is the hydrogen bond, which is also known a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Murray was the author or co-author of scientific publications about organic chemistry and lichens. Some of his most significant were:
* James Murray (1959) [https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/periodicals/TPRSNZ1960-88.2.6.5 Studies of New Zealand Lichens. I—The Coniocarpineae] Transactions of the Royal Society of New Ze... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Effector triggered immunity (ETI) is activated by the presence of pathogen effectors. The ETI response is reliant on R genes, and is activated by specific pathogen strains. Plant ETI often causes an apoptotic hypersensitive response. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The third group of chemokines is known as the C chemokines (or γ chemokines), and is unlike all other chemokines in that it has only two cysteines; one N-terminal cysteine and one cysteine downstream. Two chemokines have been described for this subgroup and are called XCL1 (lymphotactin-α) and XCL2 (lymphotactin-β). | 1 | Biochemistry |
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), also referred to as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), is an analytical technique used for the detection of chemical elements. It is a type of emission spectroscopy that uses the inductively coupled plasma to produce exc... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A sacrificial metal is a metal used as a sacrificial anode in cathodic protection that corrodes to prevent a primary metal from corrosion or rusting. It may also be used for galvanization. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The fluorescence quantum yield is defined as the ratio of the number of photons emitted to the number of photons absorbed.
Fluorescence quantum yield is measured on a scale from 0 to 1.0, but is often represented as a percentage. A quantum yield of 1.0 (100%) describes a process where each photon absorbed results in a ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The structures of Co(SCN) and its hydrate Co(SCN)(HO) have been determined using X-ray crystallography. Co(SCN) forms infinite 2D sheets in the mercury(II) thiocyanate structure type, where as Co(SCN)(HO) consists of isolated tetrahedral Co(SCN)(HO) centers and one equivalent of water of crystallization.
The hydrate ma... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Linked-read sequencing can facilitate de novo genome assembly, which involves reconstructing a genome from scratch without any prior reference. Linked-read sequencing enables assembly of large genomic regions, and helps improve the completeness and contiguity of the resulting genome. This can be particularly useful for... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In negative-sense MVM genomes, the left-end hairpin is 121 nucleotides in length and exists in a single flip sequence orientation. This telomere is Y-shaped and contains small internal palindromes that fold into the "ears" of the Y, a duplex stem region 43 nucleotides in length that is interrupted by an asymmetric thym... | 1 | Biochemistry |
When an electron beam is polarized, an unbalance between spin-up, , and spin-down electrons, , exists. The unbalance can be evaluated through the polarization defined as
It is known that, when an electron collides against a nucleus, the scattering event is governed by Coulomb interaction. This is the leading term in ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The reactions best for pressure (geobarometers) are ones that have a large change in molar volume during the reaction. Higher pressures cause the reaction to decrease in total volume, and lighter pressures allow reaction to increase in total volume. Therefore, based on the proportion of minerals that have larger volume... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The typical SAF setup consists of a laser line (typically 450-633 nm), which is reflected into the aspheric lens by a dichroic mirror. The lens focuses the laser beam in the sample, causing the particles to fluoresce. The fluorescent light then passes through a parabolic lens before reaching a detector, typically a pho... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Glycans and glycan-based molecules have been used as drugs themselves. The two main functions of these drugs are to either bind protein or inhibit glycosyl degradation. For example, engineered glycans, such as Zanamivir and Oseltamivir have been designed to bind to viral sialidases, which are enzymes that play key role... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The program motivates companies to disclose and reduce their environmental impacts by using the power of investors and companies. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Indications of thermal rearrangements of aromatic hydrocarbons were first noted in the early 20th century by natural products chemists who were working with sesquiterpenes. At the time, they noticed the automerization of a substituted azulene shown below, but no further structural or mechanistic investigations were ma... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Original ATM techniques involve rotating the sample at the focal point of a linearly polarized THz beam using a mechanically rotated sample mount. For this reason, the configuration is typically a far-field instrument in which a balanced detector (sensitive to infrared light) is placed a considerable distance from the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The cAMP signal transduction contains five main characters: stimulative hormone receptor (Rs) or inhibitory hormone receptor (Ri); stimulative regulative G-protein (Gs) or inhibitory regulative G-protein (Gi); adenylyl cyclase; protein kinase A (PKA); and cAMP phosphodiesterase.
Stimulative hormone receptor (Rs) is a r... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A number of these anions known. Some have attracted interest as components in fast ion conductors for use in solid state batteries. The binary thiophosphates do not exhibit the extensive diversity of the analogous oxyanions but contain similar structural features, for example P is 4 coordinate, P−S−P links form and the... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Venton received her BS in Chemistry from University of Delaware in 1998 and her PhD in Chemistry from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in 2003. She was an NIH postdoctoral fellow at University of Michigan from 2003 to 2005. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The Golden Gate assembly protocol was defined by Engler et al. 2008 to define a DNA assembly method that would give a final construct without a scar sequence, while also lacking the original restriction sites. This allows the protein to be expressed without containing unwanted protein sequences which could negatively a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Over recent years, the genome-wide CRISPR screen has emerged as a powerful tool for studying the intricate networks of cellular signaling. Cellular signaling is essential for a number of fundamental biological processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
One practical example is the ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In crystals, the electronic energy spectrum has a band structure . Near the minimum of an isotropic energy band, electron energy can be expanded in powers of as where is the electron effective mass. It can be shown that it satisfies the equation
Here the sum runs over all bands with . Therefore, the ratio of the fr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In July 1984, Rosenkranz' wife Edith was kidnapped at the summer North American Bridge Championships in Washington, D.C., by Glenn I. Wright and Dennis Moss, and ransomed for one million dollars. The FBI and the District of Columbia police captured Wright and Moss, and she was returned safely. The ransom money was late... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Oxidised copper ores include carbonates such as azurite and malachite, the silicate chrysocolla, and sulfates such as atacamite. In some cases, sulfide ores are allowed to degrade to oxides. Such ores are amenable to hydrometallurgy. Specifically, such oxide ores are usually extracted into aqueous sulfuric acid, usuall... | 8 | Metallurgy |
As the mandelic acid salt (methenamine mandelate) or the hippuric acid salt (methenamine hippurate), it is used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. In an acidic environment, methenamine is believed to act as an antimicrobial by converting to formaldehyde. A systematic review of its use for this purpose in ad... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Phycobilisomes can be used in [https://store-7fikt.mybigcommerce.com/product_images/uploaded_images/J_Fluorescence_PBXL_Detection.pdf prompt fluorescence], flow cytometry, Western blotting and protein microarrays. Some phycobilisomes have an absorption and emission profile similar to Cy5, allowing them to be used in m... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In polymer chemistry photo-oxidation (sometimes: oxidative photodegradation) is the degradation of a polymer surface due to the combined action of light and oxygen. It is the most significant factor in the weathering of plastics. Photo-oxidation causes the polymer chains to break (chain scission), resulting in the mate... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In some transitions a number of atoms occupying crystallographic positions that were originally equivalent will move away slightly from their ideal positions according to a certain pattern. This pattern or repeat motif may span multiple unit cells. The cause of this phenomenon is the small changes in chemical bonding t... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Assay offices did and do exist in the U.S., but they are affiliated with the governments coinage mints and serve only the governments purposes in that field. They are not involved in hallmarking, as there has never been a hallmarking scheme in the U.S.
In the 1800s, the functions of assay offices in the U.S. included r... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Ortho effect is an organic chemistry phenomenon where the presence of an chemical group at the at ortho position or the 1 and 2 position of a phenyl ring, relative to the carboxylic compound changes the chemical properties of the compound. This is caused by steric effects and bonding interactions along with polar eff... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The first known use of metals in the Southern Levant is during the Chalcolithic period (end of 5th–most of the 4th millennium BCE). More than 500 metal objects were found, mainly in hoards, burials, and habitation
remains. Most of the metals originate from sites in the southern part of Israel and Jordan; very rarely do... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Rebecca Jane Miriam Goss is a professor of organic chemistry at the University of St. Andrews who won the 2006 Royal Society of Chemistry Meldola Medal. She is known for combining synthetic biology and chemistry for medicinal purposes. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The steady state approximation, occasionally called the stationary-state approximation or Bodensteins quasi-steady state approximation', involves setting the rate of change of a reaction intermediate in a reaction mechanism equal to zero so that the kinetic equations can be simplified by setting the rate of formation o... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In order to ensure growth of only transformed bacteria (which carry the desired plasmids to be harvested), a marker gene is used in the destination vector for selection. Typical marker genes are for antibiotic resistance or nutrient biosynthesis. So, for example, the "marker gene" could be for resistance to the antibi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
DNA molecules often have a preferred direction to bend, i.e., anisotropic bending. This is, again, due to the properties of the bases which make up the DNA sequence - a random sequence will have no preferred bend direction, i.e., isotropic bending.
Preferred DNA bend direction is determined by the stability of stacking... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Phosphinous acids exist mainly as minor tautomers of secondary phosphine oxides. For example diphenylphosphinous acid, which is not detectable directly, is invoked as the tautomer of diphenylphosphine oxide.
Highly electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize the phosphinous acid tautomer as illustrated by (CF)POH. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
;Pre-2004
*Organometallic C–H Bond Activation: An Introduction Alan S. Goldman and Karen I. Goldberg ACS Symposium Series 885, Activation and Functionalization of C–H Bonds, 2004, 1–43 | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Animal products such as meat, fish, shellfish, fowl, eggs, and dairy contain zinc. The concentration of zinc in plants varies with the level in the soil. With adequate zinc in the soil, the food plants that contain the most zinc are wheat (germ and bran) and various seeds, including sesame, poppy, alfalfa, celery, and ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ekimov was born in the Soviet Union. In 1967, he graduated from the Faculty of Physics, Leningrad State University. He went on to receive his PhD in physics at the Ioffe Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1974. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
# Cholesterol + oxygen --(enzyme cholesterol oxidase)--> cholestenone + hydrogen peroxide
# Hydrogen peroxide + 4-aminophenazone + phenol --(enzyme peroxidase)--> colored complex + water | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The idea of a quantum harmonic oscillator and its associated energy can apply to either an atom or a subatomic particle. In ordinary atomic physics, the zero-point energy is the energy associated with the ground state of the system. The professional physics literature tends to measure frequency, as denoted by above, u... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The basic relationship for heat transfer by convection is:
where is the heat transferred per unit time, A is the area of the object, h is the heat transfer coefficient, T is the objects surface temperature, and T' is the fluid temperature.
The convective heat transfer coefficient is dependent upon the physical propert... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The concept of DNA computing came about as a way to address storage density issues because of the exploding volumes of data information. Theoretically, a gram of single-stranded DNA is capable of storing over 400 exabytes (order of 10 bytes) of data at a density of two bits per nucleotide. Leonard Adleman is credited w... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Important aldehydes and related compounds. The aldehyde group (or formyl group) is colored red. From the left: (1) formaldehyde and (2) its trimer 1,3,5-trioxane, (3) acetaldehyde and (4) its enol vinyl alcohol, (5) glucose (pyranose form as α--glucopyranose), (6) the flavorant cinnamaldehyde, (7) retinal, which forms ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Grid spectroscopy is an extension of force spectroscopy described above. In grid spectroscopy multiple force spectra are taken in a grid over a surface, to build up a three-dimensional force map above the surface. These experiments can take a considerable time, often over 24 hours, thus the microscope is usually cooled... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Heatwork is the combined effect of temperature and time. It is important to several industries:
*Ceramics
*Glass and metal annealing
*Metal heat treating
Pyrometric devices can be used to gauge heat work as they deform or contract due to heatwork to produce temperature equivalents. Within tolerances, firing can be unde... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Plant sRNA pathways are understood to be important components of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Bacteria‐induced microRNAs (miRNAs) in Arabidopsis have been shown to influence hormonal signalling including auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic... | 1 | Biochemistry |
For most stable isotopes, the magnitude of fractionation from kinetic and equilibrium fractionation is very small; for this reason, enrichments are typically reported in "per mil" (‰, parts per thousand). These enrichments (δ) represent the ratio of heavy isotope to light isotope in the sample over the ratio of a sta... | 9 | Geochemistry |
There was only one proven polymorph Form I of aspirin, though the existence of another polymorph was debated since the 1960s, and one report from 1981 reported that when crystallized in the presence of aspirin anhydride, the diffractogram of aspirin has weak additional peaks. Though at the time it was dismissed as mere... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Black light is commonly used to authenticate oil paintings, antiques and banknotes. Black lights can be used to differentiate real currency from counterfeit notes because, in many countries, legal banknotes have fluorescent symbols on them that only show under a black light. In addition, the paper used for printing mon... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Due to its size and complexity, the 43S PIC has eluded high resolution structural characterization. However, combined approaches including cryo-EM, cross-linking, and the structural characterization of individual components, has led to models for the complex organization. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The names of esters that are formed from an alcohol and an acid, are derived from the parent alcohol and the parent acid, where the latter may be organic or inorganic. Esters derived from the simplest carboxylic acids are commonly named according to the more traditional, so-called "trivial names" e.g. as formate, aceta... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Slack was born on 22 April 1937 in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, England; the first and only child of Albert and Eva Slack. He studied biochemistry at the University of Nottingham, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science (Honours) in 1958, and a PhD in 1962. He married Pam Shaw in March 1963, and had two childre... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In polymer chemistry, gelation (gel transition) is the formation of a gel from a system with polymers. Branched polymers can form links between the chains, which lead to progressively larger polymers. As the linking continues, larger branched polymers are obtained and at a certain extent of the reaction, links between ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When the working fluid is a gas that is compressed and expanded but does not change phase, the refrigeration cycle is called a gas cycle. Air is most often this working fluid. As there is no condensation and evaporation intended in a gas cycle, components corresponding to the condenser and evaporator in a vapor compres... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
After phase II reactions, the xenobiotic conjugates may be further metabolized. A common example is the processing of glutathione conjugates to acetylcysteine (mercapturic acid) conjugates. Here, the γ-glutamate and glycine residues in the glutathione molecule are removed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and dipeptidas... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Strictly speaking, the term "catalysis" should not be used unless it can be shown that the number of product molecules produced per number of active sites is greater than one; this is difficult to do in practice, although it is often assumed to be true if there is no loss in the photoactivity of the catalyst for an ext... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Mohamed researches diabetes due to a family history of suffering from the disease. His father, mother and brother are diabetics and his concern for the growing number of diabetics worldwide prompted his invention. He developed a remote monitoring and control system for diabetes symptoms. He set about creating an artif... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In a one-dimensional system at a given mode the vibration will have nodes, or places where the displacement is always zero. These nodes correspond to points in the mode shape where the mode shape is zero. Since the vibration of a system is given by the mode shape multiplied by a time function, the displacement of the... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Denote the two ground states and the excited state of the electron and , respectively. The atom also has overall momentum, so the overall state of the atom is a product state of its internal state and its momentum, as shown in the figure. In the presence of counter-propagating beams of opposite polarization, the inter... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Coring happens when a heated alloy, such as a Cu-Ni system, cools in non-equilibrium conditions. The center of each grain, which is the first part to freeze, is rich in the high-melting element (e.g., nickel for this Cu–Ni system), whereas the concentration of the low-melting element increases with position from this r... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Molecular recognition plays an important role in biological systems and is observed in between receptor-ligand, antigen-antibody, DNA-protein, sugar-lectin, RNA-ribosome, etc. An important example of molecular recognition is the antibiotic vancomycin that selectively binds with the peptides with terminal D-alanyl-D-ala... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
As aromatic compounds have been exhausted to a large extent as building blocks for life science products, N-heterocyclic structures prevail nowadays. They are found in many natural products, such as chlorophyll, hemoglobin, and the vitamins biotin, folic acid, niacin (PP), pyridoxine (vitamin B), riboflavin (vitamin B)... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
(born July 16, 1943) is a prominent organic chemist and currently a member of the faculty at the University of Chicago and professor of Chubu University. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
#The sample is dissolved, if it is not already in solution.
#The solution may be treated to adjust the pH (so that the proper precipitate is formed, or to suppress the formation of other precipitates). If it is known that species are present which interfere (by also forming precipitates under the same conditions as th... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The organic matter in soil derives from plants, animals and microorganisms. In a forest, for example, leaf litter and woody material falls to the forest floor. This is sometimes referred to as organic material. When it decays to the point in which it is no longer recognizable, it is called soil organic matter. When the... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Until 1986, physicists had believed that BCS theory forbade superconductivity at temperatures above about 30 K. In that year, Bednorz and Müller discovered superconductivity in lanthanum barium copper oxide (LBCO), a lanthanum-based cuprate perovskite material, which had a transition temperature of 35 K (Nobel Prize in... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The most commonly known solar cell is configured as a large-area p-n junction made from silicon. As a simplification, one can imagine bringing a layer of n-type silicon into direct contact with a layer of p-type silicon. n-type doping produces mobile electrons (leaving behind positively charged donors) while p-type dop... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Cristina Nevado (born 1977) is a Spanish chemist who is a Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Zurich. Her research considers chemical synthesis and organometallic reactions. She received the 2021 Margaret Faul Women in Chemistry Award. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* Current capacity limited by anode mass and self consumption at low current density.
* Lower driving voltage means the anodes may not work in high-resistivity environments.
* Often requires that the protected structure be electrically isolated from other structures and ground.
* Anodes are heavy and will increase wate... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Psychrophiles are protected from freezing and the expansion of ice by ice-induced desiccation and vitrification (glass transition), as long as they cool slowly. Free living cells desiccate and vitrify between −10 °C and −26 °C. Cells of multicellular organisms may vitrify at temperatures below −50 °C. The cells may con... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Diborane can be produced in situ by reduction BF with NaBH (see for Flavopiridol). Usually however, borane dimethylsulfide complex BHS(CH) (BMS) is used as a source of BH. It can be obtained in highly concentrated forms.
The adduct BH(THF) is also commercially available as THF solutions wherein it exists as the 1:1 ad... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
According to their properties, cations are usually classified into six groups. Each group has a common reagent which can be used to separate them from the solution. To obtain meaningful results, the separation must be done in the sequence specified below, as some ions of an earlier group may also react with the reagen... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Iron–nickel (Fe–Ni) clusters are metal clusters consisting of iron and nickel, i.e. Fe–Ni structures displaying polyhedral frameworks held together by two or more metal–metal bonds per metal atom, where the metal atoms are located at the vertices of closed, triangulated polyhedra.
Individually, iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Photovoltaics (PV) use silicon solar cells to convert the energy of sunlight into electricity. Operates under the photoelectric effect which results in the emission of electrons. Concentrated solar power (CSP) Uses lenses or mirrors and tracking devices to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Solar power i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Vigilant caution should be taken while using TRIzol (due to the phenol and chloroform).
TRIzol is labeled as acute oral, dermal, and inhalation toxicity besides skin corrosion/irritation in the manufacturer MDS.
Exposure to TRIzol can be a serious health hazard. Exposure can lead to serious chemical burns, permanent s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the area of organometallic chemistry, a bulky cyclopentadienyl ligand is jargon for a ligand of the type where R is a branched alkyl and n = 3 or 4. Representative examples are the tetraisopropyl derivative and the tris(tert-butyl) derivative . These ligands are so large that their complexes behave differently f... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In genetics, a master regulator gene is a regulator gene at the top of a gene regulation hierarchy, particularly in regulatory pathways related to cell fate and differentiation. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Phosphorochloridites are produced by partial alcoholysis of phosphorus trichloride, which proceeds stepwise:
:PCl + ROH → HCl + (RO)PCl (phosphochloridite)
:(RO)PCl + ROH → HCl + (RO)PCl (phosphodichloridite)
:(RO)PCl + ROH → HCl + (RO)P (phosphite)
These reactions are readily controlled with aroma... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) is a polymer with the general structure . It is used in organic chemistry as a mild and stable reducing agent easily transferring hydrides to metal centers and a number of other reducible functional groups. A variety of related materials are available under the following CAS registry numb... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Many mechanisms exist reflecting the myriad types of cross-couplings, including those that do not require metal catalysts. Often, however, cross-coupling refers to a metal-catalyzed reaction of a nucleophilic partner with an electrophilic partner.
In such cases, the mechanism generally involves reductive elimination o... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A metal carbido complex is a coordination complex that contains a carbon atom as a ligand. They are analogous to metal nitrido complexes. Carbido complexes are a molecular subclass of carbides, which are prevalent in organometallic and inorganic chemistry. Carbido complexes represent models for intermediates in Fischer... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
When a rock melts to form a liquid, the liquid is known as a primary melt. Primary melts have not undergone any differentiation and represent the starting composition of a magma. In nature, primary melts are rarely seen. Some leucosomes of migmatites are examples of primary melts. Primary melts derived from the mantle ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Denigés' reagent is used to detect isolefin or tertiary alcohols which can be easily dehydrated to form isoolefin in the presence of acid. Treatment of solutions containing either isolefin or tertiary alcohols with this reagent will result in the formation of a solid yellow or red precipitate. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
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