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* 2022 Alfred Bader Award
* 2020 Royal Society of Canada
* 2019 Montreal Medal
* 2019 American Chemical Society Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award
* 2018 Queens University prize for Excellence in Research'
* 2018 Chemical Institute of Canada Catalysis Award
* 2018 Precious Metal Institute Carol Tyler Award
* 2017 Canadian So... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
TALEN has been used to efficiently modify plant genomes, creating economically important food crops with favorable nutritional qualities. They have also been harnessed to develop tools for the production of biofuels. In addition, it has been used to engineer stably modified human embryonic stem cell and induced pluri... | 1 | Biochemistry |
So far only about two dozen sites have been identified where iron was made before the Roman invasion, mostly scattered across East Sussex and the Vale of Kent. A large site at Broadfield, Crawley is the westernmost place where smelting has been ascertained, although there is a possible site associated with an Iron Age ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Simple organochlorides slowly convert into phosgene when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in the presence of oxygen. Before the discovery of the Ozone hole in the late 1970s large quantities of organochlorides were routinely used by industry, which inevitably led to them entering the atmosphere. In the 1970-80s ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A biosignature must be able to dominate over all other processes that may produce similar physical, spectral, and chemical features. When investigating a potential biosignature, scientists must carefully consider all other possible origins of the biosignature in question. Many forms of life are known to mimic geochemic... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The plot of against has often been called a "Michaelis–Menten plot", even recently, but this is misleading, because Michaelis and Menten did not use such a plot. Instead, they plotted against , which has some advantages over the usual ways of plotting Michaelis–Menten data. It has as dependent variable, and thus do... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The genome is the total genetic material of an organism and includes both the genes and non-coding sequences. Eukaryotic genes can be annotated using FINDER. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Neopeltolide was originally isolated from sponges near the Jamaican coast and exhibits nanomolar cytoxic activity against several lines of cancer cells. The synthesis of the neopeltolide macrocyclic core displays a hydrogenation controlled by the ground state conformation of the macrocycle. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In 1953, Paul Flory first classified polymerization as "step-growth polymerization" and "chain-growth polymerization". IUPAC recommends to further simplify "chain-growth polymerization" to "chain polymerization". It is a kind of polymerization where an active center (free radical or ion) is formed, and a plurality of m... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Near the end of mitosis, p130 and p107 are dephosphorylated from their hyperphosphorylated state by the phosphatase PP2a. Inhibition of PP2a activity reduced promoter binding of some of the proteins of the DREAM complex in the subsequent G1 phase and de-repression of gene expression.
Other components have been shown to... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Plants respond to injury by signalling that damage has occurred, by secreting materials to seal off the damaged area, by producing antimicrobials to limit the spread of pathogens, and in some woody plants by regrowing over the wound. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Neuromodulators may alter the output of a physiological system by acting on the associated inputs (for instance, central pattern generators). However, modeling work suggests that this alone is insufficient, because the neuromuscular transformation from neural input to muscular output may be tuned for particular ranges... | 1 | Biochemistry |
GLD-2, as a poly(A) polymerase (PAP) acts incorporating ATP at the 3' end of mRNAs in a template-independent manner. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In a narrow definition, harmful algal blooms are only those blooms that release toxins that affect other species. On the other hand, any algal bloom can cause dead zones due to low oxygen levels, and could therefore be called "harmful" in that sense. The usage of the term "harmful algal blooms" in the media and scienti... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Novec 649 is a low-temperature heat-transfer fluid. It has been used as a full-immersion fluid in a proof of concept data center cooling system by Intel and SGI. As it boils off easily due to its boiling point, it is used in two-phase immersion cooling system with a condensing loop running cold water. Effects of evapo... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Various factors enhance the likelihood of MPTP opening. In some mitochondria, such as those in the central nervous system, high levels of Ca within mitochondria can cause the MPT pore to open. This is possibly because Ca binds to and activates Ca binding sites on the matrix side of the MPTP.
MPT induction is also due t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The concept of residence time originated in models of chemical reactors. The first such model was an axial dispersion model by Irving Langmuir in 1908. This received little attention for 45 years; other models were developed such as the plug flow reactor model and the continuous stirred-tank reactor, and the concept of... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The nuclease hybridization assay, also called S1 nuclease cutting assay, is a nuclease protection assay-based hybridization ELISA. The assay is using S1 nuclease, which degrades single-stranded DNA and RNA into oligo- or mononucleotides, leaving intact double-stranded DNA and RNA.
In the nuclease hybridization assay, t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Bupropion
* DHβE
* Mecamylamine
* Memantine
* Methyllycaconitine
* PelA-5466, very selective, 300 fold more potent on α3β2 than α6/α3β2β3
* Tubocurarine | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There are several biological surfaces that have superhydrophobic properties far superior to any synthetic materials: lotus leaves, rice leaves, cicadia wings, and butterfly wings. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The surface tension of pure liquid water in contact with its vapor has been given by IAPWS as
where both and the critical temperature = 647.096 K are expressed in kelvins. The region of validity the entire vapor–liquid saturation curve, from the triple point (0.01 °C) to the critical point. It also provides reasonabl... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In Orgel diagrams, the magnitude of the splitting energy exerted by the ligands on d orbitals, as a free ion approach a ligand field, is compared to the electron-repulsion energy, which are both sufficient at providing the placement of electrons. However, if the ligand field splitting energy, 10Dq, is greater than the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
As a result of extensive cultivation of legumes (particularly soy, alfalfa, and clover), growing use of the Haber–Bosch process in the production of chemical fertilizers, and pollution emitted by vehicles and industrial plants, human beings have more than doubled the annual transfer of nitrogen into biologically availa... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Unlike conventional evolutionary and biochemical approaches to studying proteins, i.e. the so-called horizontal comparison of related protein homologues from different branch ends of the tree of life; ASR probes the statistically inferred ancestral proteins within the nodes of the tree – in a vertical manner (see diagr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The main goal of biochemical cascades in lymphocytes is the secretion of molecules that can suppress altered cells or eliminate pathogenic agents, through proliferation, differentiation and activation of these cells. Therefore, the antigenic receptors play a central role in signal transduction in lymphocytes, because w... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The wide variety of electrophilic aminating reagents precludes generalization of reaction conditions. Electrophilic nitrogen sources are, however, either toxic or explosive in general. Great care should be taken while handling these reagents. Many electrophilic nitrogen sources do not provide amines immediately, but a ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Photooxygenation reactions are easily confused with a number of processes baring similar names (i.e. photosensitized oxidation). Clear distinctions can be made based on three attributes: oxidation, the involvement of light, and the incorporation of molecular oxygen into the products: | 5 | Photochemistry |
The force measurements of the SFA are based primarily on Hooke's Law,
where F is the restoring force of a spring, k is the spring constant and x is the displacement of the spring.
Using a cantilevered spring, the lower surface is brought towards the top surface using a fine micrometer or piezotube. The force between th... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In electroplating, the item to be coated is placed into a container containing a solution of one or more tin salts. The item is connected to an electrical circuit, forming the cathode (negative) of the circuit while an electrode typically of the same metal to be plated forms the anode (positive). When an electric curre... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In some cases, equations are unsolvable analytically, but can be solved using numerical methods if data values are given. There are two different ways to do this, by either using software programmes or mathematical methods such as the Euler method. Examples of software for chemical kinetics are i) Tenua, a Java app whi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Nucleic acid secondary structure is generally divided into helices (contiguous base pairs), and various kinds of loops (unpaired nucleotides surrounded by helices). Frequently these elements, or combinations of them, are further classified into additional categories including, for example, tetraloops, pseudoknots, and ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In organometallic chemistry, a transition metal indenyl complex is a coordination compound that contains one or more indenyl ligands. The indenyl ligand is formally the anion derived from deprotonation of indene. The η-indenyl ligand is related to the ηcyclopentadienyl anion (Cp), thus indenyl analogues of many cyclop... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The method was later transferred by Emil Fischer and Burckhardt Helferich to other chloro-substituted purines and produced thus for the first time synthetic nucleosides. It was later improved and modified by numerous chemists. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Malate dehydrogenases catalyzes the interconversion of malate to oxaloacetate. In the citric acid cycle, malate dehydrogenase is responsible for catalyzing the regeneration of oxaloacetate This reaction occurs through the oxidation of hydroxyl group on malate and reduction of NAD. The mechanism of the transfer of the h... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Epileptic seizures occur when there is synchrony of electrical waves in the brain. Knowing the role that ephaptic coupling plays in maintaining synchrony in electrical signals, it makes sense to look for ephaptic mechanisms in this type of pathology. One study suggested that cortical cells represent an ideal place to o... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In chemistry, a sultine is a cyclic ester of a sulfinic acid. This class of organosulfur compounds has few applications. These compounds are typically prepared by the dehydration of hydroxy-sulfinic acids or their equivalent. Illustrative of an alternative route, xylylene dibromide reacts with sodium sulfoxylate (so... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A single-molecule electrically operated motor made from a single molecule of n-butyl methyl sulfide (CHS) has been reported. The molecule is adsorbed onto a copper (111) single-crystal piece by chemisorption. | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
George N. Phillips Jr. is a biochemist, researcher, and academic. He is the Ralph and Dorothy Looney Professor of Biochemistry and Cell Biology at Rice University, where he also serves as Associate Dean for Research at the Wiess School of Natural Sciences and as a professor of chemistry. Additionally, he holds the titl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
"Redox" is a portmanteau of the words "reduction" and "oxidation". The term "redox" was first used in 1928.
The processes of oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously and cannot occur independently. In redox processes, the reductant transfers electrons to the oxidant. Thus, in the reaction, the reductant or reducing... | 9 | Geochemistry |
One problem with the SBSP concept is the cost of space launches and the amount of material that would need to be launched.
Much of the material launched need not be delivered to its eventual orbit immediately, which raises the possibility that high efficiency (but slower) engines could move SPS material from LEO to GEO... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A nanodomain is a nanometer-sized cluster of proteins found in a cell membrane. They are associated with the signal which occurs when a single calcium ion channel opens on a cell membrane, allowing an influx of calcium ions (Ca) which extend in a plume a few tens of nanometres from the channel pore. In a nanodomain, th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The B form of the DNA helix twists 360° per 10.4-10.5 bp in the absence of torsional strain. But many molecular biological processes can induce torsional strain. A DNA segment with excess or insufficient helical twisting is referred to, respectively, as positively or negatively supercoiled. DNA in vivo is typically neg... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Conjugated polymers offer the tantalizing possibility of organic molecules with a manipulable electronic band structure, but current methods for production have an uncontrolled topology. Sun, Lauher, and Goroff discovered that certain amides ensure a linear polymerization of poly(diiododiacetylene). The underlying me... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The atmospheres of low metallicity cool stars are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. Collision-induced absorption by H-H and H-He transient complexes will be a more or less important opacity source of their atmospheres. For example, CIA in the H fundamental band, which falls on top of an opacity window between... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Pitting corrosion is defined by localized attack, ranging from microns to millimeters in diameter, in an otherwise passive surface and only occurs for specific alloy and environmental combinations. Thus, this type of corrosion typically occurs in alloys that are protected by a tenacious (passivating) oxide film such as... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The vast majority of refined bitumen is used in construction: primarily as a constituent of products used in paving and roofing applications. According to the requirements of the end use, bitumen is produced to specification. This is achieved either by refining or blending. It is estimated that the current world use of... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats material by means of an electric arc.
Industrial arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one-tonne capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400-tonne units used for secondary steelmaking. Arc furnaces used in res... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein through the genetic code. Sets of three nucleotides, known as codons, each correspond to a specific amino acid. The principle that three sequential bases of DNA code for each amino acid was demonstrated in 1961 using frameshift mutat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A special numbering system is to be used for fluorinated alkanes, prefixed with Freon-, R-, CFC- and HCFC-, where the rightmost value indicates the number of fluorine atoms, the next value to the left is the number of hydrogen atoms plus 1, and the next value to the left is the number of carbon atoms less one (zeroes a... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
(Note that COX1, COX2, and COX3 are mitochondrially encoded)
*COX4I1 001861
*COX5B NM_001862
*COX6B1 NM_001863
*COX6C NM_004374
*COX7A2 NM_001865 Homo sapiens cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 2 (liver) (COX7A2),
*COX7A2L NM_004718
*COX7C NM_001867
*COX8
*COX8A NM_004074 Homo sapiens cytochrome c oxidase... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Many cyanobacteria are able to reduce nitrogen and carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions, a fact that may be responsible for their evolutionary and ecological success. The water-oxidizing photosynthesis is accomplished by coupling the activity of photosystem (PS) II and I (Z-scheme). In contrast to green sulfur bacte... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In general, the ideal buffer should have good conductivity, produce less heat and have a long life. There are a number of buffers used for agarose electrophoresis; common ones for nucleic acids include Tris/Acetate/EDTA (TAE) and Tris/Borate/EDTA (TBE). The buffers used contain EDTA to inactivate many nucleases which... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Arsenic exposure through groundwater is highly concerning throughout the perinatal period. Pregnant women are a high-risk population because not only are the mothers at risk for adverse outcomes, but in-utero exposure also poses health risks to the infant.
There is a dose-dependent relationship between maternal exposur... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The mountain banshee (Ikran in Navi) is an airborne predator which lives in mountainous territory on Pandora. Navi warriors attempt to bond with a banshee, a dangerous and required rite of passage. They are cousins to the great leonopteryx and they are scientifically known by xenobiologists as Pterodactylus giganteus. ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In organic chemistry, an acyl halide (also known as an acid halide) is a chemical compound derived from an oxoacid by replacing a hydroxyl group () with a halide group (, where X is a halogen).
If the acid is a carboxylic acid (), the compound contains a functional group, which consists of a carbonyl group () singly b... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Cloxacillin was discovered and developed by Beecham (now GlaxoSmithKline).
It is sold under a number of trade names, including Cloxapen, Cloxacap, Tegopen and Orbenin. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
As mentioned above, the deformed structure is often a 3-D cellular structure with walls consisting of dislocation tangles. As recovery proceeds these cell walls will undergo a transition towards a genuine subgrain structure. This occurs through a gradual elimination of extraneous dislocations and the rearrangement of t... | 8 | Metallurgy |
* The copper cycle is not entirely well described. It is suggested that the presence of a base results in the formation of a π-alkyne complex E. This increases the acidity of the terminal proton and leads to the formation of copper acetylide, complex F, upon deprotonation.
* Acetylide F is then involved in the transmet... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Inhibitors and inducers of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4 may influence the levels and efficacy of drospirenone. Treatment for 10 days with 200 mg twice daily ketoconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor among other actions, has been found to result in a moderate 2.0- to 2.7-fold increase in exposure to drospirenone. Dro... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In order for proteins to adsorb, they must first come into contact with the surface through one or more of these major transport mechanisms: diffusion, thermal convection, bulk flow, or a combination thereof. When considering the transport of proteins, it is clear how concentration gradients, temperature, protein size ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Digestion of some fats can begin in the mouth where lingual lipase breaks down some short chain lipids into diglycerides. However fats are mainly digested in the small intestine. The presence of fat in the small intestine produces hormones that stimulate the release of pancreatic lipase from the pancreas and bile from... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 1986, convincing evidence was provided that selenocysteine (Sec) was incorporated co-translationally. Moreover, the codon partially directing its incorporation in the polypeptide chain was identified as UGA also known as the opal termination codon. Different mechanisms for overriding the termination function of this... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Glycinamide is a organic compound with the molecular formula HNCHC(O)NH. It is the amide derivative of the amino acid glycine. It is a water-soluble, white solid. Amino acid amides, such as glycinamide are prepared by treating the amino acid ester with ammonia.
It is a ligand for transition metals.
The hydrochloride ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The same reaction can be described with the GEBIK and GEBIF equations under the BFEI and QSS approximations as
where has been substituted with because the rate
constants in the third reaction have been assumed to equal those
of the second reaction. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
*Obligate aerobes need oxygen to grow. In a process known as cellular respiration, these organisms use oxygen to oxidize substrates (for example sugars and fats) and generate energy.
*Facultative anaerobes use oxygen if it is available, but also have anaerobic methods of energy production.
*Microaerophiles require oxyg... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ethers like diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran (THF) can form highly explosive organic peroxides upon exposure to oxygen and light. THF is normally more likely to form such peroxides than diethyl ether. One of the most susceptible solvents is diisopropyl ether, but all ethers are considered to be potential peroxide sour... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Until recent decades, the mechanism of methyl isocyanate toxicity in humans was largely unknown or unclear. Methyl isocyanate and other isocyanates are electrophiles and are currently thought to cause toxicity by the alkylation of biomolecules. The mechanism of methyl isocyanate was previously suspected to be the carba... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS), sometimes referred to simply as ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used to characterize the chemical and structural makeup of materials. LEIS involves directing a stream of charged particles known as ions at a surface and making... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
By 1900 the US was the largest producer and also the lowest cost producer, and demand for steel seemed inexhaustible. Output had tripled since 1890, but customers, not producers, mostly benefitted. Productivity-enhancing technology encouraged faster and faster rates of investment in new plants. However, during recessio... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula , where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond w... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The term plasmid was introduced in 1952 by the American molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg to refer to "any extrachromosomal hereditary determinant." The term's early usage included any bacterial genetic material that exists extrachromosomally for at least part of its replication cycle, but because that description i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hattori was the first female undergraduate student in the Geology Department at the University of Tokyo, which was established in 1877. She completed her master's and PhD in isotope geochemistry there. | 9 | Geochemistry |
If it is the liver that cannot effectively transfer the indirect bilirubin into bilirubin glucuronide and further into bilirubin di-glucuronide, the consequence will be hyperbilirubinemia or intrahepatic (or hepatocellular) jaundice.
Moreover, the unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia arises in case the components of liver t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ethylene signaling pathway is a signal transduction in plant cells to regulate important growth and developmental processes. Acting as a plant hormone, the gas ethylene is responsible for promoting the germination of seeds, ripening of fruits, the opening of flowers, the abscission (or shedding) of leaves and stress re... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Lipids (oleaginous) are chiefly fatty acid esters, and are the basic building blocks of biological membranes. Another biological role is energy storage (e.g., triglycerides). Most lipids consist of a polar or hydrophilic head (typically glycerol) and one to three non polar or hydrophobic fatty acid tails, and therefore... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Kalium Database is a manually curated biomedical database on K channel ligands found in the venom of scorpions, spiders, sea anemones, cone snails, snakes, centipedes, bees, and more. The first release of the Kalium Database was dedicated to scorpion toxins only, while its second release (Kalium 2.0) included toxin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Because it has just one valence state (Zn), zinc is a redox-inert element. The electronic configurations of Zn and Zn are shown below: | 9 | Geochemistry |
Gating also includes activation and inactivation by second messengers from the inside of the cell membrane – rather than from outside the cell, as in the case for ligands.
*Some potassium channels:
**Inward-rectifier potassium channels: These channels allow potassium ions to flow into the cell in an "inwardly rectifyin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Due to herbicide resistance – a major concern in agriculture – a number of products combine herbicides with different means of action. Integrated pest management may use herbicides alongside other pest control methods.
Integrated weed management (IWM) approach utilizes several tactics to combat weeds and forestall resi... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The term tephrochronology appears to have been used by Sigurdur Thórarinsson as early as 1944. A key point in the establishment of this scientific field of study with what evolved to be a unique geoscientific method was in 1961 after a proposal supported by him led by Japanese researchers including Professor Kunio Koba... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Also known as the two-site Langmuir equation. This equation describes the adsorption of one adsorbate to two or more distinct types of adsorption sites. Each binding site can be described with its own Langmuir expression, as long as the adsorption at each binding site type is independent from the rest.
where
: – total... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A spiropyran is a 2H-pyran isomer that has the hydrogen atom at position two replaced by a second ring system linked to the carbon atom at position two of the pyran molecule in a spiro way. So there is a carbon atom which is common on both rings, the pyran ring and the replaced ring. The second ring, the replaced one, ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
*[https://photoiupac2022.amsterdam IUPAC SYmposium on Photochemistry] (biennial)
*[https://icp2023.jp International Conference on Photochemitry] (biennial)
The organization of these conferences is facilitated by the International Foundation for Photochemistry. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Wnt signaling and β-catenin dependent gene expression plays a critical role during the formation of different body regions in the early embryo. Experimentally modified embryos that do not express this protein will fail to develop mesoderm and initiate gastrulation.
Early embryos endomesoderm specification also involves... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Methyl isocyanate reacts readily with many substances that contain N-H or O-H groups. With water, it forms 1,3-dimethylurea and carbon dioxide with the evolution of heat (1358.5 joules, or 325 calories, per gram of MIC): It is relatively slow to react at below 68 °F, but will increase its rate with elevated temperature... | 9 | Geochemistry |
For an ideal gas the equation of state can be written as
where is the ideal gas constant. The differential change of the chemical potential between two states of slightly different pressures but equal temperature (i.e., ) is given by
where ln p is the natural logarithm of p.
For real gases the equation of state will ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Radical reactions must be carried out under inert atmosphere as dioxygen is a triplet radical which will intercept radical intermediates. Because the relative rates of a number of processes are important to the reaction, concentrations must be carefully adjusted to optimize reaction conditions. Reactions are generally ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Generally, there are two types of protein carbohydrate binding important in biological processes: Lectin and antibody. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In plasma physics, the degree of ionization refers to the proportion of neutral particles that are ionized:
where is the ion density and the neutral density (in particles per cubic meter). It is a dimensionless number, sometimes expressed as a percentage.
The terms fractional ionization and ionization fraction are a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Degradation can be detected before serious cracks are seen in a product by using infrared spectroscopy, which is able to detect chemical species formed by photo-oxidation. In particular, peroxy-species and carbonyl groups have distinct absorption bands.
In the example shown at left, carbonyl groups were easily detected... | 5 | Photochemistry |
N mers form the polymer, whose total unfolded length is:
where N is the number of mers.
In this very simple approach where no interactions between mers are considered, the energy of the polymer is taken to be independent of its shape, which means that at thermodynamic equilibrium, all of its shape configurations are ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis, published by K. C. Nicolaou and his group in 1994 concerns the total synthesis of taxol. Taxol is an important drug in the treatment of cancer but also expensive because the compound is harvested from a scarce resource, namely the pacific yew.
This synthetic route to taxol is one of ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The coffee-ring pattern originates from the capillary flow induced by the evaporation of the drop: liquid evaporating from the edge is replenished by liquid from the interior. The resulting current can carry nearly all the dispersed material to the edge. As a function of time, this process exhibits a "rush-hour" effect... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Acid value
* Bromine number
* Amine value
* Epoxy value
* Iodine value
* Peroxide value
* Saponification value | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Under normal conditions, small disk-shape platelets circulate in the blood freely and without interaction with one another. ADP is stored in dense bodies inside blood platelets and is released upon platelet activation. ADP interacts with a family of ADP receptors found on platelets (P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2X1), which leads ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The operation of a detonation gun is a very loud process due to the multiple explosions occurring in the chamber per second. This could cause damage to operators hearing if in close proximity to the D-gun. As a result, detonation spraying should be performed within a sound proof room and no one should be present in the... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Miyata's distance is based on 2 physicochemical properties: volume and polarity.
Distance between amino acids a and a is calculated as where is value of polarity difference between replaced amino acids and and is difference for volume; and are standard deviations for and | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sulfur concrete, sometimes named thioconcrete or sulfurcrete, is a composite construction material, composed mainly of sulfur and aggregate (generally a coarse aggregate made of gravel or crushed rocks and a fine aggregate such as sand). Cement and water, important compounds in normal concrete, are not part of sulfur c... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The full ecological consequences of the changes in calcification due to ocean acidification are complex but it appears likely that many calcifying species will be adversely affected by ocean acidification. Increasing ocean acidification makes it more difficult for shell-accreting organisms to access carbonate ions, ess... | 9 | Geochemistry |
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