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Radicals formed on the polymer backbone by either hydrogen abstraction side-group elimination can cause the chain to break by beta scission. As a result the molecular weight decreases rapidly. As new free radicals with high reactivity are formed, monomers cannot be a product of this reaction, also intermolecular chain ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In 1948, it was discovered that allyltrimethylsilane reacts with hydrobromic acid to give (2-bromopropyl)trimethylsilane. Six years later, the generation of (2-iodoethyl)trimethylsilane from vinylsilane and HI was observed. Since then, a number of studies have firmly established the mechanism of electrophilic attack on... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In ancient alchemy, a protoscience that contributed to the development of modern chemistry and medicine, alchemists developed a structure of basic laboratory techniques, theory, terminology, and experimental methods. Sublimation was used to refer to the process in which a substance is heated to a vapor, then immediatel... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The Chesapeake Bay was the site of the Battle of the Chesapeake (also known as the "Battle of the Capes", Cape Charles and Cape Henry) in 1781, during which the French fleet defeated the Royal Navy in the decisive naval battle of the American Revolutionary War. The British defeat enabled General George Washington and h... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Autoinducer-2 (AI-2), a furanosyl borate diester or tetrahydroxy furan (species dependent), is a member of a family of signaling molecules used in quorum sensing. AI-2 is one of only a few known biomolecules incorporating boron. First identified in the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi, AI-2 is produced and recognized by... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In biology, energy homeostasis, or the homeostatic control of energy balance, is a biological process that involves the coordinated homeostatic regulation of food intake (energy inflow) and energy expenditure (energy outflow). The human brain, particularly the hypothalamus, plays a central role in regulating energy hom... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Index inducer or just inducer predictably induce metabolism via a given pathway and are commonly used in prospective clinical drug-drug interaction studies.
Strong, moderate, and weak inducers are drugs that decreases the AUC of sensitive index substrates of a given metabolic pathway by ≥80%, ≥50% to <80%, and ≥20% to ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
However, it is clear that in a general case the behaviour of Bose–Einstein condensate can be described by coupled evolution equations for condensate density, superfluid velocity and distribution function of elementary excitations. This problem was solved in 1977 by Peletminskii et al. in microscopical approach. The Pel... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Glycosylamines are a class of biochemical compounds consisting of a glycosyl group attached to an amino group, -NR. They are also known as N-glycosides, as they are a type of glycoside. Glycosyl groups can be derived from carbohydrates. The glycosyl group and amino group are connected with a β-N-glycosidic bond, formin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In surface science, an instrument called a contact angle goniometer or tensiometer measures the static contact angle, advancing and receding contact angles, and sometimes surface tension. The first contact angle goniometer was designed by William Zisman of the United States Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C.... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Xenin promotes beta-cell survival and xenin has been evaluated in animal models of obesity and diabetes where it has demonstrated an antidiabetic potential. In humans, co-administration of xenin-25 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) reduces postprandial glycemia by delaying gastric emptying. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The first scientific publication in which knockout moss was used to identify the function of a hitherto-unknown gene appeared in 1998, and was authored by Ralf Reski and coworkers. They deleted the ftsZ-gene and thus functionally identified the first gene pivotal for the division of an organelle in any eukaryote. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ceramography is the art and science of preparation, examination and evaluation of ceramic microstructures. Ceramography can be thought of as the metallography of ceramics. The microstructure is the structure level of approximately 0.1 to 100 µm, between the minimum wavelength of visible light and the resolution limit o... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The introduction of refrigeration and evolution of additional technologies drastically changed agriculture in the United States. During the beginning of the 20th century, farming was a common occupation and lifestyle for United States citizens, as most farmers actually lived on their farm. In 1935, there were 6.8 milli... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Dimetcote is popular in the marine industry. The inorganic zinc coating of Dimetcote can protect metal components from moisture. | 8 | Metallurgy |
In waste water treatment, the most commonly used adsorbent is granular activated carbon (GAC), often used as to treat both liquid and gas phase volatile organic compounds and organic pollutants. Activated carbon beds vary in lifetime depending on the concentration of the pollutant(s) being removed, their associated ads... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In many modern studies, the Polanyi theory is widely used in the study of activated carbons, or carbon black. The theory has been successfully used to model a variety of scenarios such as the gas adsorption on activated carbon and the adsorption process of nonionic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Later on, experiment... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The SQT incorporates three lines of evidence (LOE) to provide direct assessment of sediment quality. The chemistry, toxicity, and benthic components of the triad each provide a LOE, which is then integrated into a Weight of evidence. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Sirpα migratory DCs (mDCs) form second subset of thymic DCs. They rise extrathymically, and were shown to present self antigens, especially blood-borne antigens, in the thymus, which they acquire in the periphery. They were also shown to be more efficient in T regulatory cells selection than clonal deletion. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The process of creating these luxuriously inlaid objects is somewhat complicated and has multiple stages. First, designs are formed on the surface of the metal (usually copper or brass) by relief, piercing, engraving, or chasing. Color is then added to the crevices of the surface by encrustation, overlay or, most commo... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Milk oligosaccharides seem to be more abundant in humans than in other animals and to be more complex and varied. Oligosaccharides in primate milk are generally more complex and diverse than in non-primates.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) form the third most abundant solid component (dissolved or emulsified or susp... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In chemistry and biochemistry, the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation
relates the pH of a chemical solution of a weak acid to the numerical value of the acid dissociation constant, K, of acid and the ratio of the concentrations, of the acid and its conjugate base in an equilibrium.
For example, the acid may be acetic aci... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Producing sponge iron and then working it was the earliest method used to obtain iron in the Middle East, Egypt, and Europe, where it remained in use until at least the 16th century.
The advantage of the bloomery technique is that iron can be obtained at a lower furnace temperature, only about 1,100 °C or so. The disad... | 8 | Metallurgy |
There are two primary mTOR inhibitors used in the treatment of human cancers, temsirolimus and everolimus. mTOR inhibitors have found use in the treatment of a variety of malignancies, including renal cell carcinoma (temsirolimus) and pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and renal cell carcinoma (everolimus). The complete... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are many ways to help fix cultural eutrophication caused by agriculture. Some recommendations issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture:
# Nutrient Management Techniques - Anyone using fertilizers should apply fertilizer in the correct amount, at the right time of year, with the right method and placement. Org... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
BOND integrates the original Blueprint Initiative databases as well as other databases, such as Genbank, combined with many tools required to analyze these data. Annotation links for sequences, including taxon identifiers, redundant sequences, Gene Ontology descriptions, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man identifiers,... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Often there is more to the analytical method than just performing a reaction or submitting the analyte to direct analysis. Many analytical methods developed in the laboratory, especially these involving the use of a delicate scientific instrument, require a sample preparation, or a pretreatment of the samples prior to ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In a conjugated pi-system, electrons are able to capture certain photons as the electrons resonate along a certain distance of p-orbitals - similar to how a radio antenna detects photons along its length. Typically, the more conjugated (longer) the pi-system is, the longer the wavelength of photon can be captured. Comp... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The nucleophiles used are typically generated from precursors (pronucleophiles) in situ after their deprotonation with base. These nucleophiles are then subdivided into "hard" and "soft" nucleophiles using a paradigm for describing nucleophiles that largely rests on the Acid dissociation constant| of their conjugate ac... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
LDH is involved in tumor initiation and metabolism. Cancer cells rely on increased glycolysis resulting in increased lactate production in addition to aerobic respiration in the mitochondria, even under oxygen-sufficient conditions (a process known as the Warburg effect). This state of fermentative glycolysis is cata... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Characterization techniques for copolymers are similar to those for other polymeric materials. These techniques can be used to determine the average molecular weight, molecular size, chemical composition, molecular homogeneity, and physiochemical properties of the material. However, given that copolymers are made of ba... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In molecules whose vibrational mode involves a rotational or pseudorotational mechanism (such as the Berry mechanism or the Bartell mechanism), Van der Waals strain can cause significant differences in potential energy, even between molecules with identical geometry.
PF, for example, has significantly lower potential ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The bioinformatics core contributes bioinformatic analysis by collecting and curating complete sequence data sets, generating sequence similarity networks, and classification of superfamily members into subgroups and families for subsequent annotation transfer and evaluation as targets for functional characterization.
... | 1 | Biochemistry |
NMOR is a pale yellow sand-like powder below 84°F.
NMOR is most commonly produced from morpholine, but can also be made by the reaction of dimorpholinomethane in fuming nitric acid. Few reactions using NMOR as a starting material are reported in the organic synthesis literature, but it can be used as a precursor to a ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Encapsulin nanocompartments, or encapsulin protein cages, are spherical bacterial organelle-like compartments roughly 25-30 nm in diameter that are involved in various aspects of metabolism, in particular protecting bacteria from oxidative stress. Encapsulin nanocompartments are structurally similar to the HK97 bacteri... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nitrogen has two stable isotopes, N and N. The ratio between these is measured relative to nitrogen in ambient air. Nitrogen ratios are frequently linked to agricultural activities. Nitrogen isotope data has also been used to measure the amount of exchange of air between the stratosphere and troposphere using data fr... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Paul S. Wesson examined the cosmological implications of assuming that zero-point energy is real. Among numerous difficulties, general relativity requires that such energy not gravitate, so it cannot be similar to electromagnetic radiation. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
AAV is capable of transducing multiple cell types within the retina. AAV serotype 2, the most well-studied type of AAV, is commonly administered in one of two routes: intravitreal or subretinal. Using the intravitreal route, AAV is injected in the vitreous humor of the eye. Using the subretinal route, AAV is injected u... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Levodropropizine is a cough suppressant. It is the levo isomer of dropropizine. It acts as a peripheral antitussive, with no action in the central nervous system. It does not cause side effects such as constipation or respiratory depression which can be produced by opioid antitussives such as codeine and its derivative... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
A masking agent is a reagent used in chemical analysis which reacts with chemical species that may interfere in the analysis.
In sports a masking agent is used to hide or prevent detection of a banned substance or illegal drug like anabolic steroids or stimulants. Diuretics are the simplest form of masking agent and wo... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Trans-Spliced Exon Coupled RNA End Determination (TEC-RED) is a transcriptomic technique that, like SAGE, allows for the digital detection of messenger RNA sequences. Unlike SAGE, detection and purification of transcripts from the 5’ end of the messenger RNA require the presence of a trans-spliced leader sequence. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Miray Bekbölet completed a B.S. with high distinction in chemistry and physics at Ege University in 1973. In 1979, she earned a Ph.D. in food sciences at Ege University. | 5 | Photochemistry |
One stable N-heterocyclic carbene has a structure analogous to borazine with one boron atom replaced by a methylene group. This results in a planar six-electron compound. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The function of neurons depends upon cell polarity. The distinctive structure of nerve cells allows action potentials to travel directionally (from dendrites to cell body down the axon), and for these signals to then be received and carried on by post-synaptic neurons or received by effector cells. Nerve cells have lon... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Reichstein process in chemistry is a combined chemical and microbial method for the production of ascorbic acid from D-glucose that takes place in several steps. This process was devised by Nobel Prize winner Tadeusz Reichstein and his colleagues in 1933 while working in the laboratory of the ETH in Zürich. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The space groups in three dimensions are made from combinations of the 32 crystallographic point groups with the 14 Bravais lattices, each of the latter belonging to one of 7 lattice systems. What this means is that the action of any element of a given space group can be expressed as the action of an element of the app... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
At least three plausible mechanisms for the Elbs reaction have been suggested. The first mechanism, suggested by Fieser, begins with a heat-induced cyclisation of the benzophenone, followed by a [[Sigmatropic reaction#%5B1,3%5D-shifts|[1,3]-hydride shift]] to give the compound . A dehydration reaction then affords the ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A biochemical cascade, also known as a signaling cascade or signaling pathway, is a series of chemical reactions that occur within a biological cell when initiated by a stimulus. This stimulus, known as a first messenger, acts on a receptor that is transduced to the cell interior through second messengers which amplify... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) also contain a DNA binding domain and a nuclease that can cleave DNA. The DNA binding region consists of amino acid repeats that each recognize a single base pair of the desired targeted DNA sequence. If this cleavage is targeted to a gene coding region, and NHEJ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The field of oxidative phosphorylation began with the report in 1906 by Arthur Harden of a vital role for phosphate in cellular fermentation, but initially only sugar phosphates were known to be involved. However, in the early 1940s, the link between the oxidation of sugars and the generation of ATP was firmly establis... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The strictest form of order in a solid is lattice periodicity: a certain pattern (the arrangement of atoms in a unit cell) is repeated again and again to form a translationally invariant tiling of space. This is the defining property of a crystal. Possible symmetries have been classified in 14 Bravais lattices and 230 ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Oxyhydrogen will combust when brought to its autoignition temperature. For the stoichiometric mixture in air, at normal atmospheric pressure, autoignition occurs at about 570 °C (1065 °F). The minimum energy required to ignite such a mixture, at lower temperatures, with a spark is about 20 microjoules. At standard t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
miRNA-324-5p is a relatively new and understudied microRNA. It is an important regulator in several diseases, and its effects span across the body from neuronal dysregulation in seizure to hepatocellular carcinoma and cardiac disease. Because microRNAs have numerous targets, they are capable of regulating multiple path... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The first magnesium transporter isolated in any multicellular organism, AtMHX shows no similarity to any previously isolated Mg transport protein. The gene was initially identified in the A. thaliana genomic DNA sequence database, by its similarity to the SLC8 family of Na+/Ca exchanger genes in humans.
The cDNA sequen... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The basic room purge equation can be used only for purge scenarios. In a scenario where a liquid continuously evaporates from a container in a ventilated room, a differential equation has to be used:
where the ventilation rate has been adjusted by a mixing factor K:
*C = concentration of a gas
*G = generation rate
*V... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Simple alcohols are found widely in nature. Ethanol is the most prominent because it is the product of fermentation, a major energy-producing pathway. Other simple alcohols, chiefly fusel alcohols, are formed in only trace amounts. More complex alcohols, however, are pervasive, as manifested in sugars, some amino acids... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Sociophysics uses tools and concepts from physics and physical chemistry to describe some aspects of social and political behavior. It attempts to explain why and how humans behave much like atoms, at least in some aspects of their collective lives. The law of mass action (generalized if it is necessary) is the main to... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The calicheamicins are a sub-family of enediynes that were isolated from Micromonospora echinospora calichensis. All calicheamicin family members demonstrate potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Calicheamicin γ1 exhibited significant antitumor activity against leukemia and me... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The existence of a special structure at the ends of chromosomes was independently proposed in 1938 by Hermann Joseph Muller, studying the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and in 1939 by Barbara McClintock, working with maize. Muller observed that the ends of irradiated fruit fly chromosomes did not present alteration... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In organic chemistry, the Soai reaction is the alkylation of pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde with diisopropylzinc. The reaction is autocatalytic and leads to rapidly increasing amounts of the same enantiomer of the product. The product pyrimidyl alcohol is chiral and induces that same chirality in further catalytic cycles. S... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The process of carrying salts by water to the sea or a land-locked lake from a river basin is called salt export. When adequate salt export is not occurring, the river basin area gradually converts into saline soils and/or alkali soils, particularly in lower reaches. | 9 | Geochemistry |
* TUBA Prize of the Turkish Academy of Sciences (2015)
* Wittgenstein-Preis (2012)
* Honorary doctorate awarded by the University of Bucharest in Romania (2012)
* Honorary doctorate awarded by the Åbo Akademi in Finland (2011)
* Kardinal-Innitzer Award (2010)
* Humanity Medal of the City of Linz (2010)
* Austrians of ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Depending on the virus, a variety of genetic changes can occur in the host cell. In the case of a lytic cycle virus, the cell will only survive long enough to the replication machinery to be used to create additional viral units. In other cases, the viral DNA will persist within the host cell and replicate as the cel... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In proteins and amino acids, the α-carbon is the backbone carbon before the carbonyl carbon atom in the molecule. Therefore, reading along the backbone of a typical protein would give a sequence of –[N—Cα—carbonyl C]– etc. (when reading in the N to C direction). The α-carbon is where the different substituents attach t... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
To insert a mutation into a DNA sequence, a specific primer is designed. The primer may contain a single substitution or contain a new sequence at its 5 end. If a deletion is required, a sequence that is 5 of the deletion is added, because the 3' end of the primer must have complementarity to the template strand so tha... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nanog is a transcription factor that controls both self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Similarly, the expression of Nanog family proteins is increased in many types of cancer and correlates with a worse prognosis. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dexlansoprazole ((R)-(+)-lansoprazole) has the same binding affinity to the proton pump as the (S)-enantiomer, but is associated with a three- to five-fold greater area under the plasma drug concentration time curve (AUC) compared with (S)-lansoprazole. With its dual release pharmaceutical formulation, the first quick... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
A transmetallation involves a ligand transfer to one another such as this:
M is not limited to any main group and/or transition metal. R can be limited to almost any phosphine, aryl, alkyl, halogen, hydrogen and/or carbene.
In this case organoberyllium can form reactions such as: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) is a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species. This genetic element provides for several immune modulating functions, including resistance to polyamines which serve as a non-specific immune response both on intact skin and following the inflammatory respon... | 1 | Biochemistry |
New chloroplasts may contain up to 100 copies of their DNA, though the number of chloroplast DNA copies decreases to about 15–20 as the chloroplasts age. They are usually packed into nucleoids, which can contain several identical chloroplast DNA rings. Many nucleoids can be found in each chloroplast.
In primitive red a... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Embalming is the process of preserving human remains by delaying decomposition. This is acquired through the use of embalming fluid, which is a mixture of formaldehyde, methanol, and various other solvents. The most common reasons to preserve the body are for viewing purposes at a funeral, for above-ground interment or... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The solid medium is used to grow lactose-fermenting coliforms and utilizes a neutral red pH indicator. Pink colonies appear when lactose is fermented and are surrounded by bile that has precipitated out. To confirm if these colonies are coliforms, they are transferred to brilliant green lactose bile (BGLB) and incubate... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems rely on air pulled with a suction force through piping systems from the point of dust formation to a waste disposal unit. They consist of four elements: dust hoods at the point of dust formation, ventilation ducts, an air cleaning device (waste separator or dust collector) and an... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The Shell process uses cobalt complexes modified with phosphine ligands for the hydroformylation of C7–C14 olefins. The resulting aldehydes are directly hydrogenated to the fatty alcohols, which are separated by distillation, which allows the catalyst to be recycled. The process has good selectivity to linear products,... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Apamin is an 18 amino acid globular peptide neurotoxin found in apitoxin (bee venom). Dry bee venom consists of 2–3% of apamin. Apamin selectively blocks SK channels, a type of Ca-activated K channel expressed in the central nervous system. Toxicity is caused by only a few amino acids, in particular cysteine, lysine, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
When fasting, the activation of lipolysis provides fatty acids as the preferred fuel source for respiration. In the liver β-oxidation of fatty acids fulfills the local energy needs and may lead to ketogenesis (creating ketone bodies out of fatty acids.) The ketone bodies are then used to meet the demands of tissues oth... | 1 | Biochemistry |
RMR measurements are recommended when estimating total daily energy expenditure (TEE). Since BMR measures are restricted to the narrow time frame (and strict conditions) upon waking, the looser-conditions RMR measure is more typically conducted. In the review organized by the USDA, most publications documented specific... | 1 | Biochemistry |
For a general unimolecular reaction involving interconversion of different species, whose concentrations at time are denoted by through , an analytic form for the time-evolution of the species can be found. Let the rate constant of conversion from species to species be denoted as , and construct a rate-constant ma... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemistry, chemical purity is the measurement of the amount of impurities found in a sample. Several grades of purity are used by the scientific, pharmaceutical, and industrial communities. Some of the commonly used grades of purity include:
* ACS grade is the highest level of purity, and meets the standards set by... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Such equilibrium inhomogeneity, induced by external forces, does not occur for the intensive variable temperature. According to E.A. Guggenheim, "The most important conception of thermodynamics is temperature." Planck introduces his treatise with a brief account of heat and temperature and thermal equilibrium, and then... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An ideal polarizable electrode (also ideally polarizable electrode or ideally polarized electrode or IPE) is a hypothetical electrode characterized by an absence of net DC current between the two sides of the electrical double layer, i.e., no faradic current exists between the electrode surface and the electrolyte. An... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A riffle box is a box containing a number (between 3 and 12) of "chutes" - slotted paths through which particles of the sample may slide. The sample is dropped into the top, and the box produces two equally divided subsamples. Riffle boxes are commonly used in mining to reduce the size of crushed rock samples prior t... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Naturally occurring methane is not utilized as a chemical feedstock, despite its abundance and low cost. Current technology makes prodigious use of methane by steam reforming to produce syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This syngas is then used in Fischer-Tropsch reactions to make longer carbon chain p... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is a type of recrystallization process, found within the fields of metallurgy and geology. In dynamic recrystallization, as opposed to static recrystallization, the nucleation and growth of new grains occurs during deformation rather than afterwards as part of a separate heat treatment. ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Axe-monies (Spanish: Tajaderos) refer to bronze artifacts found in both western Mesoamerica and the northern Andes. Based on ethnohistorical, archaeological, chemical, and metallurgical analyses, the scholars Hosler, Lechtman and Holm have argued for their use in both regions (which are separated by thousands of miles)... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In the expansion step of the working fluid in transcritical cycles, as in subcritical ones, the working fluid can be discharged either in wet or dry conditions.
Typical dry expansions are those involving organic or other unconventional working fluids, which are characterized by non-negligible molecular complexities and... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An aldehyde differs from a ketone in that it has a hydrogen atom attached to its carbonyl group, making aldehydes easier to oxidize. Ketones do not have a hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl group, and are therefore more resistant to oxidation. They are oxidized only by powerful oxidizing agents which have the ability... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 2.125. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which also contains TNFRSF1A. This protein and TNF-receptor 1 form a heterocomplex that mediates the recruitment of two anti-apoptotic proteins, c-IAP1 and c-IAP2, which possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The function of ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Grain strength generally follows the Hall–Petch relation, which states that material strength decreases with the square root of the grain size. A higher number of smaller subgrains leads to a higher yield stress, and so some materials may be purposefully manufactured to have many subgrains, and in this case subgrain ro... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The idea of relative entropy as discrimination information led Kullback to propose the Principle of (MDI): given new facts, a new distribution should be chosen which is as hard to discriminate from the original distribution as possible; so that the new data produces as small an information gain as possible.
For exa... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The first observations of intracellular structures that probably represented mitochondria were published in 1857, by the physiologist Albert von Kolliker. Richard Altmann, in 1890, established them as cell organelles and called them "bioblasts." In 1898, Carl Benda coined the term "mitochondria" from the Greek , , "thr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Growth factor and clotting factors are paracrine signaling agents. The local action of growth factor signaling plays an especially important role in the development of tissues. Also, retinoic acid, the active form of vitamin A, functions in a paracrine fashion to regulate gene expression during embryonic development in... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Pressure (along with temperature) determines the super- or subcritical state of solvents as well as overall reaction kinetics and the energy inputs required to yield the desirable HTL products (oil, gas, chemicals, char etc.). | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Some hydrogels are able to respond to stimuli and their surrounding environments. Examples of these stimuli include light, temperature, pH, and electrical fields. Hydrogels that are temperature sensitive are known as thermogels. Thermo-responsive hydrogels undergo reversible, thermally induced phase transition upon re... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An orbifold can be viewed as a polygon with face, edges, and vertices which can be unfolded to form a possibly infinite set of polygons which tile either the sphere, the plane or the hyperbolic plane. When it tiles the plane it will give a wallpaper group and when it tiles the sphere or hyperbolic plane it gives either... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The MACS method allows cells to be separated by using magnetic nanoparticles coated with antibodies against a particular surface antigen. This causes the cells expressing this antigen to attach to the magnetic nanoparticles. After incubating the beads and cells, the solution is transferred to a column in a strong magne... | 1 | Biochemistry |
: To identify genes associated with traits, it is important to measure the trait value - known as phenotype. The "omics" for measurement of phenotypes is called phenomics. The phenotype can be indicative of the measurement of the trait itself or an indirectly related or correlated trait. | 1 | Biochemistry |
para-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is an organic compound containing amine and aldehyde moieties which is used in Ehrlichs reagent and Kovacs reagent to test for indoles. The carbonyl group typically reacts with the electron rich 2-position of the indole but may also react at the C-3 or N-1 positions. It may also be used ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Quantum photoelectrochemistry is the investigation of the quantum mechanical nature of photoelectrochemistry, the subfield of study within physical chemistry concerned with the interaction of light with electrochemical systems, typically through the application of quantum chemical calculations. Quantum photoelectrochem... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
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