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* Frq – The Frq gene, also known as the Frequency gene, encodes central components of an oscillatory loop within the circadian clock in Neurospora. In the oscillator's feedback loop, frq gives rise to transcripts that encode for two forms of the FRQ protein. Both forms are required for robust rhythmicity throughout the... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Use of certain chloroalkanes as solvents for large scale application, such as dry cleaning, have been phased out, for example, by the IPPC directive on greenhouse gases in 1994 and by the volatile organic compounds (VOC) directive of the EU in 1997. Permitted chlorofluoroalkane uses are medicinal only.
Bromofluoroalkan... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Middens are excellent traps for pollen derived from the local and regional surroundings either via the alimentary channel of the animals (excreted in pellets) or via deposition on the middens. The airborne pollen rain is incorporated by (1) collecting on the surface of the midden, (2) being brought in on the fur of the... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The mobile phase or eluent is a solvent or a mixture of solvents used to move the compounds through the column. It is chosen so that the retention factor value of the compound of interest is roughly around 0.2 - 0.3 in order to minimize the time and the amount of eluent to run the chromatography. The eluent has also be... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
PAF is a potent activator of platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. It is similar to the ubiquitous membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine except that it contains an acetyl-group in the SN-2 position and the SN-1 position contains an ether-linkage. PAF signals through a dedicated G-protein coupled re... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Consider the example burning of magnesium ribbon (Mg). When magnesium burns, it combines with oxygen () from the air to form magnesium oxide (MgO) according to the following equation:
Magnesium oxide is an ionic compound containing and ions whereas and are elements with no charges.
The with zero charge gains a +2... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In 2008, simultaneous publications described the allylic C-H alkylation of substrates. These reactions were catalyzed by the White catalyst or by an earlier version of the complex bearing benzyl substituents on the sulfoxide in place of phenyl. It was demonstrated that an additional sulfoxide ligand, dimethylsulfoxi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Many complexes feature coordination bonds between a metal and organic ligands. Complexes where the organic ligands bind the metal through a heteroatom such as oxygen or nitrogen are considered coordination compounds (e.g., heme A and Fe(acac)). However, if any of the ligands form a direct metal-carbon (M-C) bond, then ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Vinland Map is a document that appears to be a 15th-century mappa mundi and which shows a landmass in the Atlantic Ocean, directly south-west of Greenland, labelled Vinlanda Insula ("Isle of Vinland"). It first came to light in 1957 and was acquired by Yale University in 1964. The map's authenticity would have es... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Sono-Seq (Sonication of Cross-linked Chromatin Sequencing) is a method in molecular biology used for determining the sequences of those DNA regions in the genome near regions of open chromatin of expressed genes. It is also known as "Input" in the Chip-Seq protocol, since it follows the same steps except it doesn't req... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Puerto Mosquito Bioluminescent Bay (), or Mosquito Bio Bay, is a bay in the island of Vieques famous for its bioluminescence produced by the dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense, which glows blue when agitated. This species of phytoplankton is found in bays in the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and The Bahamas. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The ancient record on Earth provides an opportunity to see what geochemical signatures are produced by microbial life and how these signatures are preserved over geologic time. Some related disciplines such as geochemistry, geobiology, and geomicrobiology often use biosignatures to determine if living organisms are or ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Flow-FISH was first published in 1998 by Rufer et al. as a modification of another technique for analyzing telomere length, Q-FISH, that employs peptide nucleic acid probes of a 3-CCCTAACCCTAACCCTAA-5 sequence labeled with a fluorescin fluorophore to stain telomeric repeats on prepared metaphase spreads of cells that h... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Some cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen in anaerobic conditions by means of specialized cells called heterocysts. Heterocysts may also form under the appropriate environmental conditions (anoxic) when fixed nitrogen is scarce. Heterocyst-forming species are specialized for nitrogen fixation and are able to fix ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In the early 1830s, Michael Faraday laid the foundations of electrochemistry and solid-state ionics by discovering the motion of ions in liquid and solid electrolytes. Earlier, around 1800, Alessandro Volta used a liquid electrolyte in his voltaic pile, the first electrochemical battery, but failed to realize that ions... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ethenium has been observed in rarefied gases subjected to radiation. Another preparation method is to react certain proton donors such as trihydrogen cation|, helium hydride ion|, diazenylium|, and with ethane at ambient temperature and pressures below 1 mmHg. (Other donors such as methanium| and form ethanium prefer... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A more specific term than bioadhesion is mucoadhesion. Most mucosal surfaces such as in the gut or nose are covered by a layer of mucus. Adhesion of a matter to this layer is hence called mucoadhesion. Mucoadhesive agents are usually polymers containing hydrogen bonding groups that can be used in wet formulations or in... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The eluent or eluant is the "carrier" portion of the mobile phase. It moves the analytes through the chromatograph. In liquid chromatography, the eluent is the liquid solvent; in gas chromatography, it is the carrier gas. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Two modes can be used for this measurement. One is the isochromat mode, which scans the incident electron energy and keeps the detected photon energy constant. The other is the tunable photon energy mode, or spectrograph mode, which keeps the incident electron energy constant and measures the distribution of the detect... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Engineers have studied the various heat-engine cycles to improve the amount of usable work they could extract from a given power source. The Carnot cycle limit cannot be reached with any gas-based cycle, but engineers have found at least two ways to bypass that limit and one way to get better efficiency without bending... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
SIN3A has been shown to interact with:
* CABIN1
* HBP1,
* HDAC1,
* HDAC9,
* Histone deacetylase 2,
* Host cell factor C1,
* IKZF1,
* ING1,
* KLF11,
* MNT,
* MXD1,
* Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2,
* Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2,
* OGT,
* PHF12,
* Promyelocytic leukemia protein,
* RBBP4,
* RBBP7,... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Mitochondrial disorders may be caused by mutations (acquired or inherited), in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondrial dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.
Nuclear DNA ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Opportunity Rover found meteorites just sitting on the plains. The first one analyzed with Opportunitys instruments was called "Heatshield Rock," as it was found near where Opportunitys heatshield landed. Examination with the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES), Mossbauer spectrometer, and APXS lead res... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Many former British colonies in the region have always been LHT, including Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Tuvalu; and nations that were previously administered by Australia: Nauru and Papua New Guinea. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Since mesoionic carbene ligands are very strong σ-donors and make it easier for a metal center to undergo oxidative addition, MIC ligands have the potential to be useful in catalysis. MIC transition metal complexes have been tested as catalysts in olefin metathesis, ring closure metathesis, and ring opening polymeriza... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Many grow lights often missing an integrating sphere test report which means that values like photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) are guessed by the manufacturer. Also, false advertising of photosynthetic photon efficacy (PPE) (photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) μmol/W) values from grow light manufacturers can be avoided by... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The process of pseudorotation occurs when the two axial ligands close like a pair of scissors pushing their way in between two of the equatorial groups which scissor out to accommodate them. Both the axial and equatorial constituents move at the same rate of increasing the angle between the other axial or equatorial co... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Ruderfer et al. analyzed the ancestry of natural S. cerevisiae strains and concluded that matings involving out-crossing occur only about once every 50,000 cell divisions. Thus it appears that, in nature, mating is most often between closely related yeast cells. Mating occurs when haploid cells of opposite mating type ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Realtime spectrum analyzers are able to see signals hidden behind other signals. This is possible because no information is missed and the display to the user is the output of FFT calculations. An example of this can be seen on the right. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Wrought iron is no longer made. The particles of slag present in the iron after preparation by puddling were drawn into long fibres during the forging or rolling process. The proportion of slag was intended to be about 3%, but the process was difficult to control and examples with up to 10% slag were produced. | 8 | Metallurgy |
The foundations of the compensation effect are still not fully understood though many theories have been brought forward. Compensation of Arrhenius processes in solid-state materials and devices can be explained quite generally from the statistical physics of aggregating fundamental excitations from the thermal bath to... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Cegelski has authored or co-authored multiple publications that have been cited 100 or more times. As of January 2021, these include:
* "The biology and future prospects of antivirulence therapies," Nature Reviews Microbiology.
* "Morphological plasticity as a bacterial survival strategy," Nature Reviews Microbiology.
... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Depending on whether an assay just looks at a single time point or timed readings taken at multiple time points, an assay may be:
#An end point assay, in which a single measurement is performed after a fixed incubation period; or
#A kinetic assay, in which measurements are performed multiple times over a fixed time int... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Telomerization is a reaction that produces a particular kind of oligomer with two distinct end groups. The oligomer is called a telomer. Some telomerizations proceed by radical pathways, many do not. A generic equation is:
where M is the monomer, and A and B are the end groups, and n is the degree of polymerization.
... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Alkyne activation with π–acidic metals such as Au or Pt is a conventional method in complex organic manifold synthesis, however how this activation exacts reactivity is not fully understood and thus mechanism is largely proposed on the basis of reaction outcome and theoretical calculations. Cationic Au(I) and Pt(II) ca... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
By chemical modifications certain properties of polysaccharides can be improved. Various ligands can be covalently attached to their hydroxyl groups. Due to the covalent attachment of methyl-, hydroxyethyl- or carboxymethyl- groups on cellulose, for instance, high swelling properties in aqueous media can be introduced.... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Early in embryonic development, the embryo has three germ layers and abuts a yolk sac. During the second week of development, the embryo grows and begins to surround and envelop portions of this sac. The enveloped portions form the basis for the adult gastrointestinal tract. Sections of this foregut begin to differenti... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Prototropy is the most common form of tautomerism and refers to the relocation of a hydrogen atom. Prototropic tautomerism may be considered a subset of acid-base behavior. Prototropic tautomers are sets of isomeric protonation states with the same empirical formula and total charge. Tautomerizations are catalyzed by:
... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Chaotic scattering is a branch of chaos theory dealing with scattering systems displaying a strong sensitivity to initial conditions. In a classical scattering system there will be one or more impact parameters, b, in which a particle is sent into the scatterer. This gives rise to one or more exit parameters, y, as t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The upper critical magnetic field H of the superconducting state of CeCoIn is anisotropic, in accordance with the crystal structure and other physical properties. For magnetic fields applied along the [100] direction, H amounts to approximately 11.6 T, and H for fields along the [001] directions to 4.95 T.
The supercon... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Atomic coherence is the induced coherence between levels of a multi-level atomic system.
The internal state of an atom is characterized by a superposition of excited states and their associated energy levels. In the presence of external electromagnetic fields, the atoms energy levels acquire perturbations to the excite... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The amide tail synthesis (scheme 7) was based on an asymmetric Aldol reaction. The starting compound is the commercially available Benzyloxyacetic acid 53 which was converted to the thio ester 55 (Ethanethiol) through the acid chloride 54 (thionyl chloride, pyridine). This formed the silyl enol ether 55 (n-butyllithium... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Alkenes engage in an acid catalyzed hydration reaction using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst that gives usually secondary or tertiary alcohols. Formation of a secondary alcohol via alkene reduction and hydration is shown on the right:
The hydroboration-oxidation and oxymercuration-reduction of alkenes are more... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy is an atomic scale probe making it useful for studying materials lacking in long range order. Spectra obtained using this method provide information on the oxidation state, coordination number, and species surrounding the atom in question as well as the distances at which th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Prisms have higher dispersion in the UV region. Prism monochromators are favored in some instruments that are principally designed to work in the far UV region. Most monochromators use gratings, however. Some monochromators have several gratings that can be selected for use in different spectral regions. A double monoc... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The isohydric principle is the phenomenon whereby multiple acid/base pairs in solution will be in equilibrium with one another, tied together by their common reagent: the hydrogen ion and hence, the pH of solution. That is, when several buffers are present together in the same solution, they are all exposed to the same... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) (also known as electron energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism) is the EELS equivalent of XMCD.
The effect was first proposed in 2003 and experimentally confirmed in 2006 by the group of Prof. Peter Schattschneider at the Vienna University of Technology.
Similarly to XMCD, EMC... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When combining a passive daytime radiative cooling system with thermal insulation and evaporative cooling, one study found a 300% increase in ambient cooling power when compared to a stand-alone radiative cooling surface, which could extend the shelf life of food by 40% in humid climates and 200% in desert climates wit... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) combines the principles used in HPLC and CE. The mobile phase is driven across the chromatographic bed using electroosmosis instead of pressure (as in HPLC). Electroosmosis is the motion of liquid induced by an applied potential across a porous material, capillary tube, membrane or... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The underlying principle corresponds to that of the Fabry-Pérot interferometer, which is also the underlying principle for the white-light interferometry. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The sigma (σ) phase is an intermetallic compound known as the one without definite stoichiometric composition and formed at the electron/atom ratio range of 6.2 to 7. It has a primitive tetragonal unit cell with 30 atoms. CrFe is a typical alloy crystallizing in the σ phase at the equiatomic composition. With physical ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A stream of airborne microorganisms, including marine viruses, bacteria and protists, circles the planet above weather systems but below commercial air lanes. Some peripatetic microorganisms are swept up from terrestrial dust storms, but most originate from marine microorganisms in sea spray. In 2018, scientists report... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Chiral amide bases may be used in catalytic amounts to isomerize meso epoxides to chiral allylic alcohols with high enantioselectivity. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The society was founded in 1911 by Benjamin Moore, W.D. Halliburton and others, under the name of the Biochemical Club. It acquired the existing Biochemical Journal in 1912.
The society name changed to the Biochemical Society in 1913.
In 2005, the headquarters of the society moved from Portland Place to purpose-built o... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Even for interacting particles, at high scattering vector the structure factor goes to 1. This result follows from Equation (), since is the Fourier transform of the "regular" function and thus goes to zero for high values of the argument . This reasoning does not hold for a perfect crystal, where the distribution fu... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The parallel configuration or long optical path-length arrangement only provides information about the spectral changes that occur in the solution adjacent to the working electrode surface, improving the sensitivity to soluble compounds because the length of the optical pathway can be as longer as the length of the ele... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Many organisms have a ribonucleoprotein enzyme called telomerase, which carries out the task of adding repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of the DNA. Telomerase "replenishes" the telomere "cap" and requires no ATP In most multicellular eukaryotic organisms, telomerase is active only in germ cells, some types o... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The reaction between a ketone and ammonia results in an imine and byproduct water. This reaction is water sensitive and thus drying agents such as aluminum chloride or a Dean–Stark apparatus must be employed to remove water. The resulting imine will react and decompose back into the ketone and the ammonia when in the p... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A free radical is formed from the carboxylic acid in an oxidative decarboxylation with silver salts and an oxidizing agent. The oxidizing agent (ammonium persulfate) oxidizes the Ag(+) to Ag(2+) under the acidic reaction conditions. This induces a hydrogen atom abstraction by the silver, followed by radical decarboxyla... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) are typically Gram-negative bacteria and belong to Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria including the commonly studied genera including Nitrosomonas and Nitrococcus. They are known for their ability to utilize ammonia as an energy source and are prevalent in a wide range of enviro... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter.
As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often dis... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A diose is a monosaccharide containing two carbon atoms. Because the general chemical formula of an unmodified monosaccharide is (C·HO), where n is three or greater, it does not meet the formal definition of a monosaccharide. However, since it does fit the formula (C·HO), it is sometimes thought of as the most basic s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Cleavage stimulatory factor or cleavage stimulation factor (CstF or CStF) is a heterotrimeric protein, made up of the proteins CSTF1 (55kDa), CSTF2 (64kDa) and CSTF3 (77kDa), totalling about 200 kDa. It is involved in the cleavage of the 3 signaling region from a newly synthesized pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. Cst... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In humans, pyrimidine rings (C, T, U) can be degraded completely to CO and NH (urea excretion). That having been said, purine rings (G, A) cannot. Instead, they are degraded to the metabolically inert uric acid which is then excreted from the body. Uric acid is formed when GMP is split into the base guanine and ribose.... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Biebrich scarlet (C.I. 26905) is a molecule used in Lillie's trichrome.
The dye was created in 1878 by the German chemist Rudolf Nietzki.
Biebrich scarlet dyes are used to color hydrophobic materials like fats and oils. The dye is an illegal dye for food additives because of its carcinogenic properties. Biebrich scarle... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sevoflurane has an excellent safety record, but is under review for potential hepatotoxicity, and may accelerate Alzheimer's. There were rare reports involving adults with symptoms similar to halothane hepatotoxicity. Sevoflurane is the preferred agent for mask induction due to its lesser irritation to mucous membranes... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
It is uncertain whether the oxhide ingots served as a form of currency. Ingots found in excavations at Mycenae are now part of the exhibits of the Numismatic Museum of Athens. Cemal Pulak argues that the weights of the Uluburun ingots are similar enough to have allowed "a rough but quick reckoning of a given quantity o... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Given a thermodynamic system at an absolute temperature , the average thermal energy carried by each microscopic degree of freedom in the system is (i.e., about , or , at room temperature). This is generally true only for classical systems with a large number of particles, and in which quantum effects are negligible.
... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
DABCO is used as a nucleophilic catalyst for:
*formation of polyurethane from alcohol and isocyanate functionalized monomers and pre-polymers.
*Baylis–Hillman reactions of aldehydes and unsaturated ketones and aldehydes. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The FCC lattice is a Bravais lattice, and its Fourier transform is a body-centered cubic lattice. However to obtain without this shortcut, consider an FCC crystal with one atom at each lattice point as a primitive or simple cubic with a basis of 4 atoms, at the origin and at the three adjacent face centers, , and .... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. Each DNA spot contains picomoles (10 m... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Plants can absorb nitrate or ammonium from the soil by their root hairs. If nitrate is absorbed, it is first reduced to nitrite ions and then ammonium ions for incorporation into amino acids, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll. In plants that have a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia, some nitrogen is assimilated in the ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The FLC operon is a conserved eukaryotic locus that is negatively associated with flowering via repression of genes needed for the development of the meristem to switch to a floral state in the plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. FLC expression has been shown be regulated by the presence of [https://www.uniprot.org/un... | 1 | Biochemistry |
On a daily scale, GPP rates are most affected by the diel cycle of photosynthetically active radiation while ER is largely affected by changes in water temperature. Additionally, ER rates are also tied to the quantity or quality of the organic substrate and relative contributions of autotrophic and heterotrophic respir... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The absorption of methyl orange on the UV/vis spectrum is between 350-550 nm, with its peak at 464 nm. This is in the green-purple visible light range and explains why methyl orange is, in fact, orange. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The standard enthalpy of a reaction is defined so as to depend simply upon the standard conditions that are specified for it, not simply on the conditions under which the reactions actually occur. There are two general conditions under which thermochemical measurements are actually made.
: (a) Constant volume and tempe... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
See: Partition chromatography, Gas chromatography
Partition equilibrium chromatography is a type of chromatography that is typically used in gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The stationary phase in GC is a high boiling liquid bonded to solid surface and the mobile phase is a ga... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There is great variability in the use of the lost-wax method in East Asia. The casting method to make bronzes till the early phase of Eastern Zhou (770-256 ) was almost invariably section-mold process. Starting from around 600 , there was an unmistakable rise of lost-wax casting in the central plains of China, first wi... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Homologous series are not unique to organic chemistry. Titanium, vanadium, and molybdenum oxides all form homologous series (e.g. VO for 2 H (with n up to 8) that are analogous to the alkanes, CH. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
One hypothesis for mitochondrial diseases is that mitochondrial damage and dysfunction play an important role in aging. Protofection is being researched as a possibly viable laboratory technique for constructing gene therapies for inherited mitochondrial diseases, such as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Studies ha... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Because surface tension manifests itself in various effects, it offers a number of paths to its measurement. Which method is optimal depends upon the nature of the liquid being measured, the conditions under which its tension is to be measured, and the stability of its surface when it is deformed. An instrument that me... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In biological oceanography, new production is supported by nutrient inputs from outside the euphotic zone, especially upwelling of nutrients from deep water, but also from terrestrial and atmosphere sources (as opposite to regenerated production, which is supported by recycling of nutrients in the euphotic zone). New p... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The detection of -2-hydroxyglutarate in glioma patients using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been shown to be a noninvasive procedure. The presence of IDH1 or IDH2 mutations was linked to the detection of this oncometabolite 100 percent of the time. IDH2/R140Q is a specific mutation that has shown pro... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Chesapeake Bay ( ) is the largest estuary in the United States. The Bay is located in the Mid-Atlantic region and is primarily separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Delmarva Peninsula, including parts of the Eastern Shore of Maryland, the Eastern Shore of Virginia, and the state of Delaware. The mouth of the Bay... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The interfacing mechanism is contained inside a common EI source, like that found in any GC-MS system. The liquid phase from a nano HPLC column is admitted from the capillary column port, where the connection tubing and the nebulizer are first introduced and sealed to prevent vacuum loss. The mechanism is based on the ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The Phillips catalyst is prepared by impregnating high surface area silica gel with chromium trioxide or related chromium compounds. The solid precatalyst is then calcined in air to give the active catalyst. Only a fraction of the chromium is catalytically active, a fact that interferes with elucidation of the cataly... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A 2015 study, reported in the journal Ergonomics, showed that, for twenty healthy subjects, exposure to blue-enriched light during the post-lunch dip period significantly reduced the EEG alpha activity, and increased task performance. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The discovery of histone acetylation causing changes in transcription activity can be traced back to the work of Vicent Allfrey and colleagues in 1964. The group hypothesized that histone proteins modified by acetyl groups added negative charges to the positive lysines, and thus, reduced the interaction between DNA and... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The gem-diol intermediate cleaves at the C2-C3 bond to form one molecule of glycerate-3-phosphate and a negatively charged carboxylate. Stereo specific protonation of C2 of this carbanion results in another molecule of glycerate-3-phosphate. This step is thought to be facilitated by Lys175 or potentially the carbamylat... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Several hnRNPs interact with telomeres, which protect the ends of chromosomes from deterioration and are often associated with cell longevity. hnRNP D associates with the G-rich repeat region of the telomeres, possibly stabilizing the region from secondary structures which would inhibit telomere replication.
hnRNP has ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, or diffuse reflection spectroscopy, is a subset of absorption spectroscopy. It is sometimes called remission spectroscopy. Remission is the reflection or back-scattering of light by a material, while transmission is the passage of light through a material. The word remission implies ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis converts alkyl or aryl thiocyanates to thiocarbamates under acidic conditions, followed by hydrolysis with ice water. The reaction was discovered by the German chemist in 1951 as a more efficient method to produce thiocarbamates. Some references spell the name Riemenschneider.... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Besides the individual toxic effects of each metal, a wide range of metals are nephrotoxic in humans and/or in animals. Some metals and their compounds are carcinogenic to humans. A few metals, such as lead and mercury, can cross the placental barrier and adversely affect fetal development. Several (cadmium, zinc, copp... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are two distinct types of palladacycle: four-electron donor (CY) and six-electron donor (YCY) complexes. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Demethylation is the chemical process resulting in the removal of a methyl group (CH) from a molecule. A common way of demethylation is the replacement of a methyl group by a hydrogen atom, resulting in a net loss of one carbon and two hydrogen atoms.
The counterpart of demethylation is methylation. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* Saturated vapor pressures
* Saturated densities
* Viscosities
* Thermal conductivities
* Critical data (T, P, V)
* Triple points
* Melting points
* Heat capacities
* Heats of fusion, sublimation and vaporization
* Heats of formation and combustion
* Heats and temperatures of transitions for solids
* Speed of sound
*... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Tailings deposits tend to be located in rural areas or near marginalized communities, such as indigenous communities. The Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management recommends that "a human rights due diligence process is required to identify and address those that are most at risk from a tailings facility or its ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In the environmental context, reactive nitrogen compounds include the following classes:
*oxide gases: nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide. Containing oxidized nitrogen, mainly the result of industrial processes and internal combustion engines.
*anions: nitrate, nitrite. Nitrate is a common component of fer... | 1 | Biochemistry |
C and C plants have different signatures, allowing the abundance of C grasses to be detected through time in the δC record. Whereas plants have a δC of −16 to −10‰, plants have a δC of −33 to −24‰.
Mass extinctions are often marked by a negative δC anomaly thought to represent a decrease in primary productivity and r... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Members of the HNF1 subfamily contain a POU-homeodomain and bind to DNA as homodimers.
* HNF1α/TCF1/MODY3 (related disease: MODY 3)
* HNF1β/TCF2/MODY5 (related disease: MODY 5) | 1 | Biochemistry |
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