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In particle physics, the quantum yield (denoted ) of a radiation-induced process is the number of times a specific event occurs per photon absorbed by the system. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Red HE-3B or Reactive Red 120 has a formula of CHClNOS and a molecular weight of 1338.1 g/mol, containing two monochlorotriazine rings. It is highly soluble in water. The dehydrogenases binding ability of Red HE-3B is greater to NADP+ dependent dehydrogenases than NAD+ dependent dehydrogenases, vice versa for Cibacron ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Indigotindisulfonate sodium, sold under the brand name Bludigo, is used as a diagnostic dye during surgical procedures. It is indicated for use as a visualization aid in the cystoscopic assessment of the integrity of the ureters in adults following urological and gynecological open, robotic, or endoscopic surgical proc... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Planetary scientists often classify volatiles with exceptionally low melting points, such as hydrogen and helium, as gases, whereas those volatiles with melting points above about 100 K (–173 °C, –280 °F) are referred to as ices. The terms "gas" and "ice" in this context can apply to compounds that may be solids, liqui... | 9 | Geochemistry |
To annotate the vast amounts of available NGS data, currently a large number of SNPs annotation tools are available. Some of them are specific to specific SNPs while others are more general. Some of the available SNPs annotation tools are as follows SNPeff, Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor (VEP), ANNOVAR, FATHMM, PhD-S... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A tree wrap or tree wrapping is a wrap of garden tree saplings, roses, and other delicate plants to protect them from frost damage (e.g. frost cracks or complete death). In the past it was made of straw (straw wrap) . Now there are commercial tree wrap materials, such as crepe paper or burlap tapes. Tree wrapping is ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
With Lewis acid catalysts like ferric chloride or aluminium chloride, acyl chlorides participate in Friedel-Crafts acylations, to give aryl ketones:
Because of the harsh conditions and the reactivity of the intermediates, this otherwise quite useful reaction tends to be messy, as well as environmentally unfriendly. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A highly ordered π-conjugation TP-COF, consisting of pyrene and triphenylene functionalities alternately linked in a mesoporous hexagonal skeleton, is highly luminescent, harvests a wide wavelength range of photons, and allows energy transfer and migration. Furthermore, TP-COF is electrically conductive and capable of ... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Rapid equilibration between enantiomeric conformers and irreversible hydrogenation place the reaction under Curtin–Hammett control. The use of a chiral catalyst results in a higher-energy and a lower-energy transition state for hydrogenation of the two enantiomers. The transformation occurs via the lower-energy transit... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Coupling MALS with an in-line concentration detector following a sample separation means like SEC permits the calculation of the molar mass of the eluting sample in addition to its root-mean-square radius. The figure below represents a chromatographic separation of BSA aggregates. The 90° light scattering signal from a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Development of AFA superalloys with a 35 wt.% Ni-base have shown potential for use in operating temperatures upwards to 1,100 °C. | 8 | Metallurgy |
The enzymes are encoded and used by viruses that use reverse transcription as a step in the process of replication. Reverse-transcribing RNA viruses, such as retroviruses, use the enzyme to reverse-transcribe their RNA genomes into DNA, which is then integrated into the host genome and replicated along with it. Reverse... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sensor-based sorting, is an umbrella term for all applications in which particles are detected using a sensor technique and rejected by an amplified mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic process.
The technique is generally applied in mining, recycling and food processing and used in the particle size range between . Sinc... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
It was established by the decree of Peter the Great to process the local copper deposits. The Polevskoy Plant was named after the local river Polevaya. The plant became the basis for the settlement which later grew into the town of Polevskoy.
The place for a new plant was chosen by Vasily Tatishchev. Georg Wilhelm de G... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In order to isolate noble-metalliferous materials, pyrolysis and/or hydrolysis procedures are used. In pyrolysis, the noble-metalliferous products are released from the other materials by solidifying in a melt to become cinder and then poured off or oxidized. In hydrolysis, the noble-metalliferous products are dissolve... | 8 | Metallurgy |
For over 30 years, several research groups actively pursued the total synthesis of dodecahedrane. A review article published in 1978 described the different strategies that existed up to then. The first attempt was initiated in 1964 by R.B. Woodward with the synthesis of the compound triquinacene which was thought to b... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A topologically associating domain (TAD) is a self-interacting genomic region, meaning that DNA sequences within a TAD physically interact with each other more frequently than with sequences outside the TAD. The median size of a TAD in mouse cells is 880 kb, and they have similar sizes in non-mammalian species. Boundar... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The following is a partial list of "housekeeping genes." For a more complete and updated list, see [http://www.housekeeping.unicamp.br HRT Atlas database] compiled by Bidossessi W. Hounkpe et al. The database was constructed by mining more than 12000 human and mouse RNA-seq datasets. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In human biology, footedness is the natural preference of one's left or right foot for various purposes. It is the foot equivalent of handedness. While purposes vary, such as applying the greatest force in a certain foot to complete the action of kick as opposed to stomping, footedness is most commonly associated with ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
His research interests cover/have covered the following topics:
* enantioselective synthesis of mono- and polyfluorinated compounds and synthesis via perfluorinated reagents (perfluorinated oxaziridines as powerful yet selective oxidizing agents)
* fluorinated contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
* intermolec... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A related family of reactions are the transmetalations, wherein two organometallic compounds exchange their metals. Many examples of such reactions involve lithium exchange with tin:
:CHLi + MeSnAr → CHSnMe + LiAr (where Ar is aryl and Me is methyl)
The tin–lithium exchange reactions have one major advantage over the ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Reductions with hydrosilanes are methods used for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of organic compounds. The approach is a subset of ionic hydrogenation. In this particular method, the substrate is treated with a hydrosilane and auxiliary reagent, often a strong acid, resulting in formal transfer of hydride from silic... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Some phosphorus oxoacids have two or more P atoms in different oxidation states. One example is
* Isohypophosphoric acid, (or H(OH)(O)P−O−P(O)(OH)), a tetraprotic acid and isomer of hypophosphoric acid, containing P in oxidation state +3 and +5 | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Most organic solvents have a lower density than water, which means they are lighter than and will form a layer on top of water. Important exceptions are most of the halogenated solvents like dichloromethane or chloroform will sink to the bottom of a container, leaving water as the top layer. This is crucial to remember... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In chemistry and chemical physics, a mesophase or mesomorphic phase is a phase of matter intermediate between solid and liquid. Gelatin is a common example of a partially ordered structure in a mesophase. Further, biological structures such as the lipid bilayers of cell membranes are examples of mesophases. Mesophases ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Plotting the Nyquist diagram with a potentiostat and an impedance analyzer, most often included in modern potentiostats, allows the user to determine charge transfer resistance, double-layer capacitance and ohmic resistance. The exchange current density can be easily determined measuring the impedance of a redox react... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
DNA storage is an important aspect of DNA extraction projects as it ensures the integrity and stability of the extracted DNA for downstream applications.
One common method of DNA storage is ethanol precipitation, which involves adding ethanol and a salt, such as sodium chloride or potassium acetate, to the extracted DN... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry is the study of the distribution and relative abundances of trace metal isotopes in order to better understand the biological, geological, and chemical processes occurring in an environment. Trace metals are elements such as iron, magnesium, copper, and zinc that occur at low ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) is an optical technique that allows performing light scattering experiments by means of a simple optical microscope. DDM is suitable for typical soft materials such as for instance liquids or gels made of colloids, polymers and liquid crystals but also for biological materials like... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The two major species of deer found in North America are the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). The most important sense in these animals is olfaction (the sense of smell)—so much so that they have an accessory olfaction system.
The vomeronasal organ, located at the base... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Both the vancomycin aglycone and the complete vancomycin molecule have been targets successfully reached by total synthesis. The target was first achieved by David Evans in October 1998, KC Nicolaou in December 1998, Dale Boger in 1999, and has recently been more selectively synthesized again by Dale Boger in 2020. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Heat is primarily generated in muscle tissue, including the heart, and in the liver, while it is lost through the skin (90%) and lungs (10%). Heat production may be increased two- to four-fold through muscle contractions (i.e. exercise and shivering). The rate of heat loss is determined, as with any object, by convecti... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In his autobiography, What Mad Pursuit, Crick wrote about his choice of the word dogma and some of the problems it caused him:
Similarly, Horace Freeland Judson records in The Eighth Day of Creation: | 1 | Biochemistry |
Naturally occurring sea foam is not inherently toxic; however, it can be exposed to high concentrations of contaminants in the surface microlayer derived from the breakdown of algal blooms, fossil fuel production and transport, and stormwater runoff. These contaminants contribute to the formation of noxious sea foam th... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Inosine chemical erasing (ICE) refer to a process in which acrylonitrile is reacted with inosine to form N1-cyanoethylinosine (ce1I). This serves to stall reverse transcriptase and lead to truncated cDNA molecules. This was combined with deep-sequencing in a developed method called ICE-seq. Computational methods for au... | 1 | Biochemistry |
To identify the putative functions and annotations of the genes, MG-RAST follows a multi-step process. Initially, it builds clusters of proteins at a 90% identity level using the UCLUST implementation in QIIME. The longest sequence within each cluster is then selected for further analysis.
For the similarity analysis, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Oxalosuccinic acid is a substrate of the citric acid cycle. It is acted upon by isocitrate dehydrogenase. Salts and esters of oxalosuccinic acid are known as oxalosuccinates.
Oxalosuccinic acid/oxalosuccinate is an unstable 6-carbon intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It's a keto acid, formed during the oxid... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Non-competitive inhibition models a system where the inhibitor and the substrate may both be bound to the enzyme at any given time. When both the substrate and the inhibitor are bound, the enzyme-substrate-inhibitor complex cannot form product and can only be converted back to the enzyme-substrate complex or the enzyme... | 1 | Biochemistry |
This method very sharply separates molecules, and is so sharp that it can even separate different molecular isotopes from one another. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Anthropogenic (man-made) sources of arsenic, like the natural sources, are mainly arsenic oxides and the associated anions. Man-made sources of arsenic, include wastes from mineral processing, swine and poultry farms. For example, many ores, especially sulfide minerals, are contaminated with arsenic, which is released ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Non-carbon-fixing proteins similar to RuBisCO, termed RuBisCO-like proteins (RLPs), are also found in the wild in organisms as common as Bacillus subtilis. This bacterium has a rbcL-like protein with a 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate enolase function, part of the methionine salvage pathway. Later identificati... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Biolistics introduces DNA randomly into the target cells. Thus the DNA may be transformed into whatever genomes are present in the cell, be they nuclear, mitochondrial, plasmid or any others, in any combination, though proper construct design may mitigate this. The delivery and integration of multiple templates of the ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Typically, single chain cyclized/knotted polymers are synthesized by deactivation enhanced ATRP of multivinyl monomers via kinetically controlled strategy. There are several main reactions during this polymerization process: initiation, activation, deactivation, chain propagation, intramolecular cyclization and intermo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
One study that was done by Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) in rat model shows that a recessive mutation in a receptor tyrosine kinase gene, mertk results in a premature stop codon and impaired phagocytosis function by RPE cells. This mutation causes the accumulation of outer segment debris in the subretinal space, whic... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Organismic Interactions Department, headed by Regine Kahmann, is focused on the biology of phytopathogenic fungi and in particular the mechanisms that underlie morphological differentiation and communication of these fungi with their plant hosts. Furthermore, the department is focused on the mechanisms that enable ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The term anti-periplanar was first coined by Klyne and Prelog in their work entitled "Description of steric relationships across single bonds", published in 1960. ‘Anti’ refers to the two functional groups lying on opposite sides of the plane of the bond. ‘Peri’ comes from the Greek word for ‘near’ and so periplanar m... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Many biological and forensic cases involving genetic analysis require sequencing of DNA from minute amounts of sample, such as DNA from uncultured single cells or trace amounts of tissue collected from crime scenes. Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based DNA amplification methods require sequence-specific o... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Diazotrophs are widespread within domain Bacteria including cyanobacteria (e.g. the highly significant Trichodesmium and Cyanothece), green sulfur bacteria, purple sulfur bacteria, Azotobacteraceae, rhizobia and Frankia. Several obligately anaerobic bacteria fix nitrogen including many (but not all) Clostridium spp. So... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Removal of the chlorides is essential. In practice this first involves physical cleaning (with a wooden or even metal pick) to remove the bulk of the chlorides and then chemical treatment. One chemical treatment is soaking the object in a 5% sodium sesquicarbonate solution. This serves to neutralize the acid that attac... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In 2006 the U.S. National Research Council published a report, Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals. The report recognized the value of biomonitoring for better understanding exposure to environmental chemicals, and included several findings and recommendations to improve the utility of biomonitoring data fo... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The generalized Woodward–Hoffmann rules, first given in 1969, are equivalent to an earlier general approach, the Möbius-Hückel concept of Zimmerman, which was first stated in 1966 and is also known as aromatic transition state theory. As its central tenet, aromatic transition state theory holds that allowed pericyclic ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In electrochemistry, electrosynthesis is the synthesis of chemical compounds in an electrochemical cell. Compared to ordinary redox reactions, electrosynthesis sometimes offers improved selectivity and yields. Electrosynthesis is actively studied as a science and also has industrial applications. Electrooxidation has p... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An akamptisomer is a type of conformational isomer characterized by a hindered inversion of a bond angle. It was first discovered in 2018 in a series of bridged porphyrin molecules. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In chemistry, coalescence is a process in which two phase domains of the same composition come together and form a larger phase domain. In other words, the process by which two or more separate masses of miscible substances
seem to "pull" each other together should they make the slightest
contact. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
1-Octene, 1-hexene, and 1-butene are used comonomers in the manufacture of polyethylenes. The advantages to such copolymers has led to a focus on catalysts that facilitate the incorporation of these comonomers, e.g., constrained geometry complexes.
Comonomers are often employed to improve the plastification of polymer... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The objectives of the charity are:
# To implement carbon reduction projects
# To challenge the misconceptions surrounding carbon reduction amongst individuals and organizations
# To encourage greater adoption of sustainable solutions | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Porphyrin ligands can be innocent (2-) or noninnocent (1-). In the enzymes chloroperoxidase and cytochrome P450, the porphyrin ligand sustains oxidation during the catalytic cycle, notably in the formation of Compound I. In other heme proteins, such as myoglobin, ligand-centered redox does not occur and the porphyrin... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Eriochrome Black T is a complexometric indicator that is used in complexometric titrations, e.g. in the water hardness determination process. It is an azo dye. Eriochrome is a trademark of Huntsman Petrochemical, LLC.
In its deprotonated form, Eriochrome Black T is blue. It turns red when it forms a complex with calciu... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Other molecules besides ATP undergo dephosphorylation as part of other biological systems. Different compounds produce different free energy changes as a result of dephosphorylation.
Psilocybin also relies on dephosphorylation to be metabolized into psilocin and further eliminated. No information on psilocybin's effect... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ammonia oxidation in autotrophic nitrification is a complex process that requires several enzymes as well as oxygen as a reactant. The key enzymes necessary for releasing energy during oxidation of ammonia to nitrite are ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO). The first is a transmembrane co... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The GADV-protein world hypothesis was first proposed by Kenji Ikehara at Nara Women's University. It is supported by GNC-SNS primitive gene code hypothesis (GNC hypothesis) also formulated by him. In the GNC hypothesis, the origin of the present standard genetic code is considered to be the GNC genetic code that includ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The chemistry of Lawessons reagent and related substances has been reviewed by several times. The main use of Lawessons reagent is the thionation of carbonyl compounds. For instance, Lawessons reagent will convert a carbonyl into a thiocarbonyl. Additionally, Lawessons reagent has been used to thionate enones, esters, ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
As of December 20, 2006, ORegAnno contained 4220 regulatory sequences (excluding deprecated records) for 2190 transcription factor binding sites, 1853 regulatory regions (enhancers, promoters, etc.), 170 regulatory polymorphisms, and 7 regulatory haplotypes for 17 different organisms (predominantly Drosophila melanogas... | 1 | Biochemistry |
RNA-Seq was first developed in mid 2000s with the advent of next-generation sequencing technology. The first manuscripts that used RNA-Seq even without using the term includes those of prostate cancer cell lines (dated 2006), Medicago truncatula (2006), maize (2007), and Arabidopsis thaliana (2007), while the term "RNA... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Human iron homeostasis is regulated at two different levels. Systemic iron levels are balanced by the controlled absorption of dietary iron by enterocytes, the cells that line the interior of the intestines, and the uncontrolled loss of iron from epithelial sloughing, sweat, injuries and blood loss. In addition, system... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The chemical composition of slag can reveal much about the smelting process. XRF is the most commonly used tool in analysing the chemical composition of slag. Through chemical analysis, the composition of the charge, the firing temperature, the gas atmosphere and the reaction kinetics can be determined.
Ancient slag co... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In thermodynamics, the phase rule is a general principle governing "pVT" systems, whose thermodynamic states are completely described by the variables pressure (), volume () and temperature (), in thermodynamic equilibrium. If is the number of degrees of freedom, is the number of components and is the number of phas... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Plumbide is an anion of lead atoms. There are three plumbide anions, written as Pb, Pb and Pb with 3 oxidation states, -1, -2 and -4, respectively.
A plumbide can refer to one of two things: an intermetallic compound that contains lead, or a Zintl phase compound with lead as the anion. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In eukaryotic cells the structure of the chromatin complex of DNA is folded in a way that functionally mimics the supercoiled state characteristic of prokaryotic DNA, so although the enhancer DNA may be far from the gene in a linear way, it is spatially close to the promoter and gene. This allows it to interact with th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Contraindications, conditions that warrant withholding treatment with lovastatin, include pregnancy, breast feeding, and liver disease. Lovastatin is contraindicated during pregnancy (Pregnancy Category X); it may cause birth defects such as skeletal deformities or learning disabilities. Owing to its potential to disru... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Ernst Schering Prize is awarded annually by the Ernst Schering Foundation for especially outstanding basic research in the fields of medicine, biology or chemistry anywhere in the world. Established in 1991 by the Ernst Schering Research Foundation, and named after the German apothecary and industrialist, Ernst Chr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The allyl cation has two contributing structures with a positive charge on the terminal carbon atoms. In the hybrid structure their charge is +. The full positive charge can also be depicted as delocalized among three carbon atoms.
The diborane molecule is described by contributing structures, each with electron-defici... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Phosphodiester bonds make up the backbones of DNA and RNA. In the phosphodiester bonds of nucleic acids, a phosphate is attached to the 5 carbon of one nucleoside and to the 3 carbon of the adjacent nucleoside. Specifically, it is the phosphodiester bonds that link the 3 carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5 carb... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The first on-line coupling of gas chromatography to a mass spectrometer was reported in the late 1950s. An interest in coupling the methods had been suggested as early as December 1954.
The development of affordable and miniaturized computers has helped in the simplification of the use of this instrument, as well as al... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In parallel with this work, the Cell was tested for the recovery of fine coal at the Newlands coal mine, also owned by MIM Holdings Limited. This fines stream was cyclone overflow, which contained 15–50% ash and was previously discarded. The particle size of this stream was less than 25 μm. Pilot plant testing showed t... | 8 | Metallurgy |
This first strategy involves locally depositing self-assembled monolayers on the surface only where the nanostructure will later be located. This strategy is advantageous because it involves high throughput methods that generally involve fewer steps than the other two strategies. The major techniques that use this stra... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Stevens' research has contributed to understanding how changes in the levels of nitrogen compounds in the soil, deposited from the atmosphere, have had significant effects on the composition of the UK flora. This has shown that the number of different species of plants present is reduced as soils receive more inorganic... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATIC gene.
ATIC encodes an enzyme which generates inosine monophosphate from aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide.
It has two functions:
* - 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase
* - IMP cyclohyd... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In humans and many other animals, acid–base homeostasis is maintained by multiple mechanisms involved in three lines of defense:
# Chemical: The first lines of defense are immediate, consisting of the various chemical buffers which minimize pH changes that would otherwise occur in their absence. These buffers include t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Photothermal spectroscopy is a group of high sensitivity spectroscopy techniques used to measure optical absorption and thermal characteristics of a sample. The basis of photothermal spectroscopy is the change in thermal state of the sample resulting from the absorption of radiation. Light absorbed and not lost by emis... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Oxoalkoxometalates are clusters that contain both oxide and alkoxide ligands. Typically they lack terminal oxo ligands. Examples include the dodecatitanate TiO(OPri) (where OPri stands for an alkoxy group), the iron oxoalkoxometalates and iron and copper Keggin ions. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Light enters the eye, passes through the optical media, then the inner neural layers of the retina before finally reaching the photoreceptor cells in the outer layer of the retina. The light may be absorbed by a chromophore bound to an opsin, which photoisomerizes the chromophore, initiating both the visual cycle, whic... | 1 | Biochemistry |
People generate aerosols for various purposes, including:
* as test aerosols for calibrating instruments, performing research, and testing sampling equipment and air filters;
* to deliver deodorants, paints, and other consumer products in sprays;
* for dispersal and agricultural application
* for medical treatment of r... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The main shortcoming related to the free volume concept is that it is not so well defined at the molecular level. A more precise, molecular-level derivation of the Flory–Fox equation has been developed by Alessio Zaccone and Eugene Terentjev. The derivation is based on a molecular-level model of the temperature-depende... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Muon beams are classified into three types based on the energy of the muons being produced: high-energy, surface or "Arizona", and ultra-slow muon beams.
High-energy muon beams are formed by the pions escaping the production target at high energies. They are collected over a certain solid angle by quadrupole magnets an... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The glycine cleavage system (GCS) is also known as the glycine decarboxylase complex or GDC. The system is a series of enzymes that are triggered in response to high concentrations of the amino acid glycine. The same set of enzymes is sometimes referred to as glycine synthase when it runs in the reverse direction to fo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Enzyme-based cleaners are especially useful for biofilm removal. Bacteria are somewhat difficult to remove with traditional alkaline or acid cleaners. Enzyme cleaners are more effective on biofilms since they work as proteases by breaking down proteins at bacterial attachment sites. They work at maximum efficiency a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Morpholinos can interfere with pre-mRNA processing steps either by preventing splice-directing small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP) complexes from binding to their targets at the borders of introns on a strand of pre-mRNA, or by blocking the nucleophilic adenine base and preventing it from forming the splice lariat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Air pollution research show biological and health effects after exposure to mixtures are more potent than effects from exposures of individual components. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The North Australian Pastoral Company (NAPCO) is a large, privately owned, Australian cattle company which operates 13 cattle stations (as well as the Wainui farm and feedlot) covering over 60,000 km, managing about 200,000 cattle, in Queensland and the Northern Territory. It produces beef cattle which are grass fed a... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Hollow cathode lamps (HCL) are the most common radiation source in LS AAS. Inside the sealed lamp, filled with argon or neon gas at low pressure, is a cylindrical metal cathode containing the element of interest and an anode. A high voltage is applied across the anode and cathode, resulting in an ionization of the fill... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
BLOSUM matrices are also used as a scoring matrix when comparing DNA sequences or protein sequences to judge the quality of the alignment. This form of scoring system is utilized by a wide range of alignment software including BLAST. | 1 | Biochemistry |
* John Christopher Draper (1835–1885)
* Henry Draper (1837–1882)
* Virginia Draper Maury (1839–1885)
* Daniel Draper (1841–1931)
* William Draper (1845–1853)
* Antonia Draper Dixon (1849–1923) | 5 | Photochemistry |
Some particulates occur naturally, originating from volcanoes, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, living vegetation and sea spray. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, wood burning, stubble burning, power plants, road dust, wet cooling towers in cooling systems and various industrial... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The reductive processes discussed above can be enhanced in two ways. One is by increasing the amount of usable iron in the subsurface to increase the rate of the reduction by chemical or biological means. The second method is to enhance the reducing ability of the iron by coupling it with other chemical reductants or u... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
* Norris Award (1968)
* Priestley Medal (1976)
* Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1976)
* National Medal of Science (1994)
* Glenn T. Seaborg Medal (1994)
* Othmer Gold Medal (2003) | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The principle of the test is simple:
• A defined amount of distilled or deionized water is poured into the floor pan of the test chamber.
• The samples are placed in the chamber above the water level. The door or hood of the chamber is tightly closed and hermetically sealed for safety.
• A fixed volume of sulfur dio... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The units of the structure-factor amplitude depend on the incident radiation. For X-ray crystallography they are multiples of the unit of scattering by a single electron (2.82 m); for neutron scattering by atomic nuclei the unit of scattering length of m is commonly used.
The above discussion uses the wave vectors an... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase :
Here, is the amount of the s... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Subcritical crack propagation in glasses falls into three regions. In region I, the velocity of crack propagation increases with ambient humidity due to stress-enhanced chemical reaction between the glass and water. In region II, crack propagation velocity is diffusion controlled and dependent on the rate at which chem... | 8 | Metallurgy |
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