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In organic chemistry, an aminomethyl group is a monovalent functional group with formula . It can be described as a methyl group substituted by an amino group . | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
KT5720 is a kinase inhibitor with specificity towards protein kinase A. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of K252a and analog of staurosporine. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In phase I, a variety of enzymes act to introduce reactive and polar groups into their substrates. One of the most common modifications is hydroxylation catalysed by the cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidase system. These enzyme complexes act to incorporate an atom of oxygen into nonactivated hydrocarbons, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Twinning is crystallographically defined by its twin plane 𝑲, the mirror plane in the twin and parent material, and 𝜼 which is the twinning shear direction. Deformation twins in Zr are generally lenticular in shape, lengthening in the 𝜼 direction and thickening along the 𝑲 plane normal.
The twin plane, shear direct... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Aerosol partitioning theory governs condensation on and evaporation from an aerosol surface, respectively. Condensation of mass causes the mode of the particle-size distributions of the aerosol to increase; conversely, evaporation causes the mode to decrease. Nucleation is the process of forming aerosol mass from the c... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Boronic acids can be obtained via several methods. The most common way is reaction of organometallic compounds based on lithium or magnesium (Grignards) with borate esters. For example, phenylboronic acid is produced from phenylmagnesium bromide and trimethyl borate followed by hydrolysis
:PhMgBr + B(OMe) → PhB(OMe) + ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Neuromelanin gives specific brain sections, such as the substantia nigra or the locus coeruleus, distinct color. It is a type of melanin and similar to other forms of peripheral melanin. It is insoluble in organic compounds, and can be labeled by silver staining. It is called neuromelanin because of its function and th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Krüppel associated box (KRAB) domain is a category of transcriptional repression domains present in approximately 400 human zinc finger protein-based transcription factors (KRAB zinc finger proteins). The KRAB domain typically consists of about 75 amino acid residues, while the minimal repression module is approxim... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In some cases, chemical trap is used to detect or infer a compound when present at concentrations below its detection limit or is present in a mixture, where other components interfere with its detection. The trapping agent, for example a dye, reacts with the chemical to be detected, giving a product that is more easi... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
# Prepare standard concentrations of protein of 1, 5, 7.5 and 10 µg/mL. Prepare a blank of NaCl only. Prepare a series of sample dilutions.
# Add 100 µL of each of the above to separate tubes (use microcentrifuge tubes) and add 1.0 mL of Coomassie Blue to each tube.
# Turn on and adjust a spectrophotometer to a wavelen... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Inhibitors of protein AMPylation with inhibitory constant (K) ranging from 6 - 50 μM and at least 30-fold selectivity versus HypE have been discovered. | 1 | Biochemistry |
TAD locations are defined by applying an algorithm to Hi-C data. For example, TADs are often called according to the so-called "directionality index". The directionality index is calculated for individual 40kb bins, by collecting the reads that fall in the bin, and observing whether their paired reads map upstream or d... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The single survivin gene can give rise to four different alternatively spliced transcripts:
# Survivin, which has a three-intron–four-exon structure in both the mouse and human.
# Survivin-2B, which has an insertion of an alternative exon 2.
# Survivin-Delta-Ex-3, which has exon 3 removed. The removal of exon 3 results... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A clone is a group of identical cells that share a common ancestry, meaning they are derived from the same cell.
Clonality implies the state of a cell or a substance being derived from one source or the other. Thus there are terms like polyclonal—derived from many clones; oligoclonal—derived from a few clones; and mono... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) was described in 1984, and used in many applications since then. The combination of Raman scattering and NSOM techniques was first realized in 1995, when it was used for imaging a Rb-doped KTP crystal at a spatial resolution of 250 nm.
NSOM employs two different methods for... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Color superconductivity is a phenomenon where matter carries color charge without loss, on analogy to the way conventional superconductors can carry electric charge without loss. Color superconductivity is predicted to occur in quark matter if the baryon density is sufficiently high (i.e., well above the density and en... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Triglycerides are transported through the blood to appropriate tissues (adipose, muscle, etc.) by lipoproteins such as Very-Low-Density-Lipoproteins (VLDL). Triglycerides present on the VLDL undergo lipolysis by the cellular lipases of target tissues, which yields glycerol and free fatty acids. Free fatty acids releas... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Differential capacitance in physics, electronics, and electrochemistry is a measure of the voltage-dependent capacitance of a nonlinear capacitor, such as an electrical double layer or a semiconductor diode. It is defined as the derivative of charge with respect to potential. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Each of these mechanisms can act in isolation or in combination with others. Assuming each effect is independent, the observed line profile is a convolution of the line profiles of each mechanism. For example, a combination of the thermal Doppler broadening and the impact pressure broadening yields a Voigt profile.
How... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Leonard Adleman of the University of Southern California initially developed this field in 1994. Adleman demonstrated a proof-of-concept use of DNA as a form of computation which solved the seven-point Hamiltonian path problem. Since the initial Adleman experiments, advances have occurred and various Turing machines ha... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The pressure-fed engine is a class of rocket engine designs. A separate gas supply, usually helium, pressurizes the propellant tanks to force fuel and oxidizer to the combustion chamber. To maintain adequate flow, the tank pressures must exceed the combustion chamber pressure.
Pressure fed engines have simple plumbing ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Hydrophobic interactions in protein SEC are relatively weak at low ionic strength, electrostatic effects may contribute significantly to retention, and this allows us to use an SEC column as a weak ion exchanger. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Arrhenius argued that for reactants to transform into products, they must first acquire a minimum amount of energy, called the activation energy E. At an absolute temperature T, the fraction of molecules that have a kinetic energy greater than E can be calculated from statistical mechanics. The concept of activation en... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Phreds approach to base calling and calculating quality scores was outlined by Ewing et al.'. To determine quality scores, Phred first calculates several parameters related to peak shape and peak resolution at each base. Phred then uses these parameters to look up a corresponding quality score in huge lookup tables. Th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Honorary Membership of the Czech Society for Mass Spectrometry; Lifetime Achievement Award in Chromatography by the LC-GC Magazine, Europe; Giorgio Nota Award, Italian Chemical Society; Heyrovsky Medal in Chemical Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
This semiregular tiling is a member of a sequence of snubbed polyhedra and tilings with vertex figure (3.3.3.3.n) and Coxeter–Dynkin diagram . These figures and their duals have (n32) rotational symmetry, being in the Euclidean plane for n=6, and hyperbolic plane for any higher n. The series can be considered to begin ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Rokushō is used to treat a number of metals, including raw natural copper, which holds impurities, purified copper, and copper alloy mixes with two to five metals, to produce irogane metals, including: shakudō, an alloy of copper and gold, which becomes black to dark blue-violet; shibuichi, an alloy of fine silver and ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Lactate can be used to produce a bioplastic called polylactic acid (PLA). The properties of PLA depend on the ratio of the two optical isomers of lactate (D-lactate and L-lactate). D-lactate is produced by mixed acid fermentation in E. coli. Early experiments engineered the E. coli strain RR1 to produce either one of t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Some species secrete gels that are effective in parasite control. For example, the long-finned pilot whale secretes an enzymatic gel that rests on the outer surface of this animal and helps prevent other organisms from establishing colonies on the surface of these whales' bodies.
Hydrogels existing naturally in the bod... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The broad scope of the available raw neuronal proteins to map requires that initial studies be focused on small areas of the neurons. When taking samples, there are a few places that interest neurologists most. The most important place to start for neurologists is the plasma membrane. This is where most of the commu... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The pyrolysis (thermal decomposition) of acetaldehyde, CHCHO (g) → CH (g) + CO (g), proceeds via the Rice-Herzfeld mechanism:
*Initiation (formation of free radicals):
: CHCHO (g) → •CH (g) + •CHO (g) k
The methyl and CHO groups are free radicals.
*Propagation (two steps):
: •CH (g) + CHCHO (g) → CH (g) ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Biliproteins found in plants and algae serve as a system of pigments whose purpose is to detect and absorb light needed for photosynthesis. The absorption spectra of biliproteins complements that of other photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll or carotene. The pigments detect and absorb energy from sunlight; the... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Percoll does not notably diffuse over time, resulting in the formation of very stable gradients. Therefore, both discontinuous and continuous Percoll density gradients can be prepared weeks in advance, allowing great reproducibility & ease of use. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The internal heating within terrestrial planets powers tectonic and volcanic activities. Of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System, Earth has the most internal heating because it is the largest. Mercury and Mars have no ongoing visible surface effects of internal heating because they are only 5 and 11% the mass of... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An acid–alkali reaction is a special case of an acid–base reaction, where the base used is also an alkali. When an acid reacts with an alkali salt (a metal hydroxide), the product is a metal salt and water. Acid–alkali reactions are also neutralization reactions.
In general, acid–alkali reactions can be simplified to
b... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Broad-base adoption of mass timber and their role in substituting steel and concrete in new mid-rise construction projects over the next few decades has the potential to turn timber buildings into carbon sinks, as they store the carbon dioxide taken up from the air by trees that are harvested and used as mass timber. T... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Selegiline belongs to the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical families. It is also known as -deprenyl, as well as (R)-(–)-N,α-dimethyl-N-(2-propynyl)phenethylamine or (R)-(–)-N-methyl-N-2-propynylamphetamine. The compound is a derivative of levomethamphetamine (-methamphetamine) with a propargyl group attached to t... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Molecular machines are molecules or molecular assemblies that can perform functions such as linear or rotational movement, switching, and entrapment. These devices exist at the boundary between supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology, and prototypes have been demonstrated using supramolecular concepts. Jean-Pierre ... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Changes in AOU are not consistent across spatial domains. Notably, the Northern Hemisphere AOU spikes in the mid-1990s, while Southern Hemisphere AOU significantly decreases in the mid-2000s. This could be due to less dense data in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the 80s, regions of major O decrease (AOU increase) inclu... | 9 | Geochemistry |
EDMR has been demonstrated on a single electron from a quantum dot. Measurements of less than 100 donors and theoretical analyses of such a measurement have been published, relying on the P interface defect to act as the acceptor. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway, the extracellular signal molecule binds with the G-protein receptor (G) on the cell surface and activates phospholipase C, which is located on the plasma membrane. The lipase hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into two second messengers: inositol 1,4,5-tr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In chemistry, the tricapped trigonal prismatic molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where nine atoms, groups of atoms, or ligands are arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of a triaugmented triangular prism (a trigonal prism with an extra atom attached to each of its three rectangular fac... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
CTD is a unique resource where biocurators read the scientific literature and manually curate four types of core data:
* Chemical-gene interactions
* Chemical-disease associations
* Gene-disease associations
* Chemical-phenotype associations | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Geochemical Society is a nonprofit scientific organization founded to encourage the application of chemistry to solve problems involving geology and cosmology. The society promotes understanding of geochemistry through the annual Goldschmidt Conference, publication of a peer-reviewed journal and electronic newslett... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Despite its major advantages, RT-PCR is not without drawbacks. The exponential growth of the reverse transcribed complementary DNA (cDNA) during the multiple cycles of PCR produces inaccurate end point quantification due to the difficulty in maintaining linearity. In order to provide accurate detection and quantificati... | 1 | Biochemistry |
These groups may contain only two-fold axes, mirror planes, and/or an inversion center. These are the crystallographic point groups 1 and (triclinic crystal system), 2, m, and (monoclinic), and 222, , and mm2 (orthorhombic). (The short form of is mmm.) If the symbol contains three positions, then they denote symmetr... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Dexibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is the active dextrorotatory enantiomer of ibuprofen. Most ibuprofen formulations contain a racemic mixture of both isomers.
Dexibuprofen is a chiral switch of racemic ibuprofen. The chiral carbon in dexibuprofen is assigned an absolute configuration of ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In addition to its role in synaptic plasticity described above, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway also has an important role in brain growth, which is altered when PI3K signaling is disturbed. For example, intracranial volume is also associated with this pathway, in particular with AKT3 intronic variants. Thyroid hormone was ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a biological system composed of endocannabinoids, which are endogenous lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors, and cannabinoid receptor proteins that are expressed throughout the vertebrate central nervous system (including the brain) and peripher... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Carbon-14 can also be produced by other neutron reactions, including in particular Carbon-13|(n,γ) and Oxygen-17|(n,α) with thermal neutrons, and Nitrogen-15|(n,d) and Oxygen-16|(n,) with fast neutrons. The most notable routes for production by thermal neutron irradiation of targets (e.g., in a nuclear reactor) are su... | 9 | Geochemistry |
It is anecdotally said that hot peppers help people in the tropics “cool off.” This theory is consistent with the peripheral vasodilatory effect of capsaicin that has been shown to lower skin temperature in humans exposed to a hot environment. Capsaicin feels hot in the mouth because it activates sensory receptors on t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
This is to give an overview of the evolving chirality nomenclature system commonly employed to distinguish enantiomers of a chiral drug. In the beginning, enantiomers were distinguished based on their ability to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light. The enantiomer that rotates the plane-polarized light to the righ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Collision frequency describes the rate of collisions between two atomic or molecular species in a given volume, per unit time. In an ideal gas, assuming that the species behave like hard spheres, the collision frequency between entities of species A and species B is:
which has units of [volume][time].
Here,
* is th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Unlike the human body, typical chemical reactions are unable to regenerate the cofactor for further use. Synthetic cofactors have been researched to solve this problem. The analogues have been synthesized from similar compounds such as 1,4-dihydronicotinamide. These synthetic cofactors have since been used to better un... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Curing is a chemical process employed in polymer chemistry and process engineering that produces the toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains. Even if it is strongly associated with the production of thermosetting polymers, the term "curing" can be used for all the processes whe... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a carbene is a molecule containing a neutral carbon atom with a valence of two and two unshared valence electrons. The general formula is or where the R represents substituents or hydrogen atoms.
The term "carbene" may also refer to the specific compound , also called methylene, the parent hydri... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Hypothermia is often defined as any body temperature below . With this method it is divided into degrees of severity based on the core temperature.
Another classification system, the Swiss staging system, divides hypothermia based on the presenting symptoms which is preferred when it is not possible to determine an acc... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Geneva Rules are the rules established by the International Chemistry Committee in 1892. These rules were the beginning of international cooperation for organic chemistry nomenclature. They were decided upon by a group of 34 of leading chemists from 9 different European nations. Their goal was to provide rules for ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Photosystem I operates with the functions of producing NADPH, the reduced form of NADP(Fd + NADH + 2 NADP + H = Fd + NAD + 2 NADPH.)[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2944534/#:~:text=It%20was%20found%20that%20the,%2B%20NAD%2B%20%2B%202%20NADPH.], at the end of the photosynthetic reaction through electron tr... | 5 | Photochemistry |
SINEs are much shorter (300bp) than LINEs. They share similarity with genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II, the enzyme that transcribes genes into mRNA transcripts, and the initiation sequence of RNA polymerase III, the enzyme that transcribes genes into ribosomal RNA, tRNA and other small RNA molecules. SINEs such a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Greek prefixes in alphabetical order indicate ring size.
Lactones are usually named according to the precursor acid molecule (aceto = 2 carbon atoms, propio = 3, butyro = 4, valero = 5, capro = 6, etc.), with a -lactone suffix and a Greek letter prefix that specifies the number of carbon atoms in the heterocycle — that... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A major breakthrough that allowed the large scale manufacture of fluorocarbons was the Fowler process. In this process, cobalt trifluoride is used as the source of fluorine. Illustrative is the synthesis of perfluorohexane:
The resulting cobalt difluoride is then regenerated, sometimes in a separate reactor:
Industrial... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
An optical isomer can be named by the spatial configuration of its atoms. The system (named after Latin dexter and laevus, right and left), not to be confused with the d- and l-system, see above, does this by relating the molecule to glyceraldehyde. Glyceraldehyde is chiral itself and its two isomers are labeled and ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Heteroatom-promoted lateral lithiation is the site-selective replacement of a benzylic hydrogen atom for lithium for the purpose of further functionalization. Heteroatom-containing substituents may direct metalation to the benzylic site closest to the heteroatom or increase the acidity of the ring carbons via an induct... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The following have received a medal:
*2022: Michael Tarbutt, for pioneering experimental and theoretical work on the production of ultracold molecules by laser cooling, and the applications of those molecules to quantum science and tests of fundamental physics.
*2021: Carla Faria, for distinguished contributions to the... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Early studies of quasi-1-D conductors were motivated by a proposal, in 1964, that certain types of polymer chain compounds could exhibit superconductivity with a high critical temperature T. The theory was based on the idea that pairing of electrons in the BCS theory of superconductivity could be mediated by interacti... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Fluorogenic describes a property of chemical compounds which are initially not fluorescent, but become fluorescent through a chemical reaction, typically through an intermolecular covalent reaction which binds the now fluorescent compound to a target molecule. IUPAC uses a broader definition of fluorogenic, wherein a e... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The durability and life of dynamically loaded, welded steel structures is determined in many cases by the welds, in particular the weld transitions. Through selective treatment of the transitions (grinding (abrasive cutting), abrasive blasting, hammering, etc.), the durability of many designs increase significantly. Ha... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The EBF intends to stimulate further harmonization of industry practices in bioanalysis, to bring a common understanding of the interpretation of regulatory issues and more clarity to the implementation of procedures in order to achieve best practices in the world of bioanalysis. The forum currently hosts two types of ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Hemoglycin is a completely abiotic molecule that forms in molecular clouds going on to protoplanetary disks, way before biochemistry on exoplanets like Earth begins. Hemoglycin via its glycine could seed an exoplanet (one able to support early biochemistry) but its main function appears to be the accretion of matter vi... | 9 | Geochemistry |
There are examples of a new class of compounds that, on the basis of their chemical formulae, would appear to be Zintl phases, e.g., KIn, which is metallic and paramagnetic. Molecular orbital calculations have shown that the anion is (In) and that the extra electron is distributed over the cations and, possibly, the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a cough suppressant used in many cough and cold medicines. It affects serotonin, norepinephrine, NMDA, and sigma-1 receptors in the brain, all of which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. In 2022, the FDA approved the combination dextromethorphan/bupropion to serve as a ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33, also known as (ectodermin homolog and tripartite motif-containing 33) is a protein encoded in the human by the gene TRIM33, a member of the tripartite motif family.
TRIM33 is thought to be a transcriptional corepressor. However unlike the related TRIM24 and TRIM28 proteins, few trans... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A simple example illustrates the principle. Ozone (O) dissociates following ultraviolet excitation to yield an oxygen atom and an oxygen molecule. Although there are (at least) two possible channels, the principle products are O(D) and O(Δ); that is, both the atom and the molecule are in their first excited electroni... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
It has also been discovered that GLD2 has medical uses.
For example, such enzyme is overexpressed in patients who suffer from cancer; that's why it can be used as a prognostic factor for early appearance in breast cancer patients. Moreover, PAP activity is used to measure the effect of anticancer drugs as etoposide and... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The adiabatic (no heat exchanged) expansion of a gas may be carried out in a number of ways. The change in temperature experienced by the gas during expansion depends not only on the initial and final pressure, but also on the manner in which the expansion is carried out.
*If the expansion process is reversible, meanin... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Stainless steel is a material which is difficult to solder because of its stable, self-healing surface oxide layer and its low thermal conductivity. A solution of zinc chloride in hydrochloric acid is a common flux for stainless steels; it has however to be thoroughly removed afterwards as it would cause pitting corros... | 8 | Metallurgy |
There are four levels of multimedia fugacity Models applied for prediction of fate and transport of organic chemicals in the multicompartmental environment:
Depending on the number of phases and complexity of processes different level models are applied. Many of the models apply to steady-state conditions and can be re... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The oxidation of a methyl group occurs widely in nature and industry. The oxidation products derived from methyl are hydroxymethyl group , formyl group , and carboxyl group . For example, permanganate often converts a methyl group to a carboxyl () group, e.g. the conversion of toluene to benzoic acid. Ultimately oxidat... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Aggressiveness of treatment is matched to the degree of hypothermia. Treatment ranges from noninvasive, passive external warming to active external rewarming, to active core rewarming. In severe cases resuscitation begins with simultaneous removal from the cold environment and management of the airway, breathing, and c... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Foldits toolbox is mainly for the design of protein molecules. The games creator announced the plan to add, by 2013, the chemical building blocks of organic subcomponents to enable players to design small molecules. The small molecule design system termed Drugit was tested on the Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The and pH of a solution are related by the Nernst equation as commonly represented by a Pourbaix diagram . explicitly denotes expressed versus the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). For a half cell equation, conventionally written as a reduction reaction (i.e., electrons accepted by an oxidant on the left side):
Th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The van der Waals force between two molecules, in this context, is the sum of the attractive or repulsive forces between them; these forces are primarily electrostatic in nature, and in their simplest form might consist of a force between two charges, two dipoles, or between a charge and a dipole. Thus, the strength of... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Metastable metallic hydrogen may have potential as a highly efficient rocket propellant, with a theoretical specific impulse of up to 1700 seconds (for reference, the current most efficient chemical rocket propellants have an less than 500 s), although a metastable form suitable for mass-production and conventional hi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Aquatic invertebrates, most popularly the larvae of the caddis fly sp., are responsive to climate change, low levels of pollution and temperature change. As a result, they have the longest history of use in biomonitoring programs. Additionally, macroscopic species: frogs, fish, and some plant species, as well as, many... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In Mendelian disorders of large effect, findings thus far suggest one or a very small number of variants within coding genes underlie the entire condition. Because of the severity of these disorders, the few causal variants are presumed to be extremely rare or novel in the population, and would be missed by any standar... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Studies for the use of ESL as an anticonvulsant for children are under way .
Like oxcarbazepine, ESL has potential uses for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and bipolar disorder. A 2015 assessment showed no statistical difference to placebo for the latter disorder. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which the digestive acid in the stomach comes in contact with the esophagus. The irritation caused by this disorder is known as heartburn. Long-term contact between gastric acids and the esophagus can cause permanent damage to the esophagus and is associated with... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Interleukin 19 is produced mainly in monocytes, and can be found in big concentrations in patients with allergic disorders and psoriasis. IL-19 plays a big role in the CNS by regulating the inflammation process through a delayed production of it. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dry water or empty water, a form of "powdered liquid", is an air–water emulsion in which water droplets are surrounded by a silica coating. Dry water consists of 95% liquid water, but the silica coating prevents the water droplets from combining and turning back into a bulk liquid. The result is a white powder. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the direct enantiomer separation the most popular approach is use of chiral stationary phases. In this case the site of the chiral selector is on the stationary phase. Stationary phase consist of an inert solid support (usually silica microparticles) on to the surface of which a single enantiomer of a chiral molecul... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Cheon enrolled in Yonsei University in 1981 majoring in chemistry. He later obtained a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in 1985 and 1987, respectively. Studying under Professor Gregory S. Girolami, Cheon received a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1993. Staying in the U... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Due to the electronegativity difference between carbon and nitrogen, the nitroso group has a relatively strong -I effect, but not as strong as the nitro group. (Positively charged nitrogen atoms on alkylammonium cations and on nitro groups have a much stronger -I effect) | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Spectral bands are regions of a given spectrum, having a specific range of wavelengths or frequencies. Most often, it refers to electromagnetic bands, regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
More generally, spectral bands may also be means in the spectra of other types of signals, e.g., noise spectrum.
A frequency ba... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Under prebiotic conditions, imidazole-4-acetaldehyde can be synthesized from erythrose, formamidine, formaldehyde, and ammonia. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The primary mutualistic interaction between transposon and host organism is in the formation of epialleles. True to the name, an epiallele is a kind of epigenetic mutant of a certain allelic type that produces distinct morphological differences from the wild type. The predominant research into this subject has been con... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bland and Altman drive the point that any two methods that are designed to measure the same parameter (or property) should have good correlation when a set of samples are chosen such that the property to be determined varies considerably. A high correlation for any two methods designed to measure the same property coul... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Following a suggestion by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Mulder used the term protein in his 1838 paper, "On the composition of some animal substances" (originally in French but translated in 1839 to German). In the same publication, he also proposed that animals draw most of their protein from plants.
Mulder "was the first to ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) is formed by the action of ceramide kinase (CK) enzymes on Cer. C1P carry ionic charge at neutral pH and contain two hydrophobic chains making it relatively insoluble in aqueous environment. Thus, C1P reside in the organelle where it was formed and is unlikely to spontaneously flip-flop acr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
One improvement over the standard design of ceramic vacuum filter is to use serialized pore size distributions of non-fibrous porous ceramic filters. The porosity of this type of ceramic can be varied from 20% to 60% by volume, which allows a low-pressure drop of liquid and gas flow. Custom sizes from 1 mm diameter/0.5... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
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