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Plasmas find applications in many fields of research, technology and industry, for example, in industrial and extractive metallurgy, surface treatments such as plasma spraying (coating), etching in microelectronics, metal cutting and welding; as well as in everyday vehicle exhaust cleanup and fluorescent/luminescent la... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In a 1987 article in New Scientist, Jack Harris reported that oxide jacking has caused significant damage to many historic structures in the United Kingdom, including St Pauls Cathedral, the British Museum and the Albert Memorial in London, Gloucester Cathedral, St. Margarets Church in King's Lynn, Winchester Cathedral... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In the context of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), CRP is one of the acute phase reactants, whose assessment is defined as part of the joint 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA with abnormal levels accounting for a single point within the criteria Higher levels of CRP are associated with more severe disease and a ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Radicals are highly reactive and short-lived, as they have an unpaired electron which makes it extremely unstable. Radicals often react with hydrogens attached carbon molecules, effectively making the carbon a radical while stabilizing the former radical in a process called propagation. The formed product, a carbon rad... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Albidiferax (Betaproteobacteria)
* Shewanella (Gammaproteobacteria)
* Geobacter (Deltaproteobacteria)
* Geothrix fermentans (Acidobacteria)
* Deferribacter (Deferribacteres)
* Thermoanaerobacter (Firmicutes) | 1 | Biochemistry |
Semiconductor materials have energy band gaps, and will generate a pair of electron and hole for each absorbed photon if the energy of the photon is higher than the band gap energy of the semiconductor. This property of semiconductor materials has been successfully used to convert solar energy into electrical energy by... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The largest use of vanillin is as a flavoring, usually in sweet foods. The ice cream and chocolate industries together comprise 75% of the market for vanillin as a flavoring, with smaller amounts being used in confections and baked goods.
Vanillin is also used in the fragrance industry, in perfumes, and to mask unplea... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent.
Some examples of facultatively anaerobic bacteria are Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Listeria spp., Shewanella oneidensis and Y... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Lavello and Grubbs discovered the compound unexpectedly when trying to prepare noncarbonyl, low coordinate, Fe(0) complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). They found that reactions of Fe(COT) and the NHC, 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene (SIMes), produced tetrametallic, Fe(I)-Fe(0) mixed... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Classification of hydrothermal ore deposits is also achieved by classifying according to the temperature of formation, which roughly also correlates with particular mineralising fluids, mineral associations and structural styles. This scheme, proposed by Waldemar Lindgren (1933) classified hydrothermal deposits as foll... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The McCumber relation is confirmed for various media.
In particular, relation (1) makes it possible to approximate two functions of frequency, emission and absorption cross sections, with single fit | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* [https://www.sciencehistory.org/scientists-you-must-know Scientists You Must Know: Pioneering steroid researcher George Rosenkranzh], Video, from the Scientists You Must Know Film Series, Science History Institute, Philadelphia, PA | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The syntheses of all aryl hypervalent iodine compounds start from iodobenzene. The compound can be prepared by reaction of iodobenzene with a mixture of trifluoroperacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid in a method analogous to the synthesis of
It can also be prepared by dissolving diacetoxyiodobenzene (a commercially-... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* Important publications in biochemistry (chemistry)
* List of biochemistry topics
* List of biochemists
* List of biomolecules | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nucleosides are typically synthesized through the coupling of a nucleophilic pyrimidine, purine, or other basic heterocycle with a derivative of ribose or deoxyribose that is electrophilic at the anomeric carbon. When an acyl-protected ribose is employed, selective formation of the β-nucleoside (possessing the S config... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Early Iron Age at Norşuntepe (1150–800 BC) is characterized by a shift away from Hittite material culture, possibly as a result of the influx of immigrants such as the Mushki. The settlement seems to have been restricted to the south terrace and may have had a rural character. During its final occupation phases (80... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Carbon dioxide occupies a different binding site on the hemoglobin. At tissues, where carbon dioxide concentration is higher, carbon dioxide binds to allosteric site of hemoglobin, facilitating unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin and ultimately its removal from the body after the oxygen has been released to tissues und... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Soil applied: Herbicides applied to the soil are usually taken up by the root or shoot of the emerging seedlings and are used as preplant or preemergence treatment. Several factors influence the effectiveness of soil-applied herbicides. Weeds absorb herbicides by both passive and active mechanisms. Herbicide adsorpti... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Carbon subsulfide is an organic, sulfur-containing chemical compound with the formula and structure . This deep red liquid is immiscible with water but soluble in organic solvents. It readily polymerizes at room temperature to form a hard black solid. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Consider, for one, the familiar example of a marble on the edge of a bowl. If we consider the marble and bowl to be an isolated system, then when the marble drops, the potential energy will be converted to the kinetic energy of motion of the marble. Frictional forces will convert this kinetic energy to heat, and at equ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
During thin film growth, there can be a balance between surface energy and internal strain, with surface stress a coupling term combining the two. Instead of growing as a continuous thin film, a morphological instability can occur and the film can start to become very uneven, in many cases due to a breakdown of a balan... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Material is put on a sinter machine in two layers. The bottom layer may vary in thickness from . A 12 to 20 mm sinter fraction is used, also referred to as the hearth layer. The second, covering layer consists of mixed materials, making for a total bed height of . The mixed materials are applied with drum feeders and r... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Many metal alkoxides thermally decompose in the range ≈100–300 °C. Depending on process conditions, this thermolysis can afford nanosized powders of oxide or metallic phases. This approach is a basis of processes of fabrication of functional materials intended for aircraft, space, electronic fields, and chemical indust... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Kodevirions are FSL modified viruses. Several FSL Kode constructs have been used to label viruses to assist in their flow-cytometric visualisation and to track them real time distribution in animal models. They have also been used to modify the surface of viruses with the intention of targeting them to be used to attac... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Health Canada classifies VOCs as organic compounds that have boiling points roughly in the range of . The emphasis is placed on commonly encountered VOCs that would have an effect on air quality. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ferrous iron is a soluble form of iron that is stable at extremely low pHs or under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic, moderate pH conditions ferrous iron is oxidized spontaneously to the ferric () form and is hydrolyzed abiotically to insoluble ferric hydroxide (). There are three distinct types of ferrous iron-ox... | 1 | Biochemistry |
When either the laser intensity is further increased or a longer wavelength is applied as compared with the regime in which multi-photon ionization takes place, a quasi-stationary approach can be used and results in the distortion of the atomic potential in such a way that only a relatively low and narrow barrier betwe... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When atoms join into molecules, their inner electrons remain bound to their original nucleus while the outer valence electrons are distributed around the molecule. The charge distribution of these valence electrons determines the electronic energy level of a molecule, and can be described by molecular orbital theory, w... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
This involved the development and integration of an automated spotting system to spot multiple single molecules on a slide (like a microarray) for parallel enzymatic processing, automated fluorescence microscopy for image acquisition, image procession vision to handle images, algorithms for optical map construction, cl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Organic compounds such as amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, and phenols are highly enriched in the SML interface. Most of these come from biota in the sub-surface waters, which decay and become transported to the surface, though other sources exist also such as atmospheric deposition, coastal runoff, and anthro... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, a category that also includes vitamins D, E and K. The vitamin encompasses several chemically related naturally occurring compounds or metabolites, i.e., vitamers, that all contain a β-ionone ring. The primary dietary form is retinol, which may have a fatty acid molecule attached, cr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Substrate transformation involves the transformation of a specific compound into another, such as in the case of phenylacetylcarbinol, and steroid biotransformation, or the transformation of a raw material into a finished product, in the case of food fermentations and sewage treatment. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In order for long-term potentiation (LTP) to occur, there must be stimulation of NMDA receptors, which causes AMPA receptors to be inserted postsynaptically. PI3K binds to AMPA receptors in a conserved region to orient the receptors in the membrane, specifically at the GluR subunit. PI3K activity increases in response ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sunset yellow FCF (also known as orange yellow S, or C.I. 15985) is a petroleum-derived orange azo dye with a pH dependent maximum absorption at about 480 nm at pH 1 and 443 nm at pH 13 with a shoulder at 500 nm. When added to foods sold in the United States it is known as FD&C Yellow 6; when sold in Europe, it is den... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The drinking bird has been used in many fictional contexts to automatically press buttons. In The Simpsons episode "King-Size Homer", Homer used one to repeatedly press a key on a computer keyboard. Herb Powell also showed one to Homer as part of a demonstration regarding inventions in the episode "Brother, Can You Spa... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Alkene carboamination is the simultaneous formation of C–N and C–C bonds across an alkene. This method represents a powerful strategy to build molecular complexity with up to two stereocenters in a single operation. Generally, there are four categories of reaction modes for alkene carboamination. The first class is cyc... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Hyperbilirubinemia is a higher-than-normal level of bilirubin in the blood. Hyperbilirubinemia may refer to increased levels of conjugated, unconjugated or both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin. The causes of hyperbilirubinemia can also be classified into prehepatic, intrahepatic, and posthepatic.
Prehepatic cau... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Over time, many parts of the chloroplast genome were transferred to the nuclear genome of the host, a process called endosymbiotic gene transfer. As a result, the chloroplast genome is heavily reduced compared to that of free-living cyanobacteria. Chloroplasts may contain 60–100 genes whereas cyanobacteria often have m... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Precious metal refining is the separation of precious metals from noble-metalliferous materials. Examples of these materials include used catalysts, electronic assemblies, ores or metal alloys. | 8 | Metallurgy |
A nested intronic gene lies within the non-coding intronic region of a larger gene, and occurs relatively frequently, especially in the introns of metazoans and higher eukaryotes. Because only eukaryotic DNA contains intronic regions, this type of gene does not occur in bacteria or archaea.
The human genome contains a ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
*Bisulfite sequencing
*DNA sequencing
*Expression cloning
*Fluorescence in situ hybridization
*Lab-on-a-chip
*Comparison of nucleic acid simulation software
*Northern blot
*Nuclear run-on assay
*Radioactivity in the life sciences
*Southern blot
*Differential centrifugation (sucrose gradient)
*Toeprinting assay
*Several... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The acetonides of small di- and triols, as well as many sugars and sugar alcohols, are common. The hexaol mannitol reacts with 2,2-dimethoxypropane to give the bis-acetonide, which oxidizes to give the acetonide of glyceraldehyde:
:(CHOHCHOHCHOH) + 2 (MeO)CMe → (CHOHCHCHOCMe) + 4 MeOH
:(CHOHCHOCHOCMe) + [O] → 2 OCHCHCH... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Tetsuo Nozoe was married to Kyoko Horiuchi and had four children – one son and three daughters. Tetsuo died of cancer on 4 April 1996.
He was collecting autographs and tributes from famous chemists all over the world, including at least 32 Nobel laureates, and had collected more than 4,000 signatures and comments in hi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Arsenic poisoning is caused by incidental ingestion or inhalation of arsenic, typically from drinking contaminated well water, eating food cooked in contaminated water, or being exposed to arsenic-containing pesticides, folk medicines, or industrial chemicals. The World Health Organization considers arsenic levels abov... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In molecular clouds, simple carbon molecules are formed, including carbon monoxide and dicarbon. Reactions with the trihydrogen cation of the simple carbon molecules yield carbon containing ions that readily react to form larger organic molecules. Carbon compounds that exist as ions, or isolated gas molecules in the in... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Phosphaalkynes with small substituents (H, F, Me, Ph, etc.) undergo decomposition at or below room temperature by way of polymerization/oligimerization to yield mixtures of products which are challenging to characterize. The same is largely true of kinetically stable phosphaalkynes, which undergo oligomerization reacti... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Plaster casting is similar to sand casting except that plaster of paris is used instead of sand as a mold material. Generally, the form takes less than a week to prepare, after which a production rate of 1–10 units/hr-mold is achieved, with items as massive as and as small as with very good surface finish and close t... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Lutathera is a peptide receptor radioligand/radionuclide therapy (approved by the FDA in 2018) specifically for patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) that have somatostatin hormone receptors (SSTR). The radioisotope is Lu-177 and the ligand is a SSTR on the surface of tumor cells.
Lu-17... | 1 | Biochemistry |
CSMBLM cooperates with professional and scientific organizations of medical biochemistry in other countries. it has been a full member of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) since 1972, first as part of the Yugoslav Society of Medical Biochemists and since 1992 as an independent party. In 1993, CS... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In this case, the aglycone contains a cyanohydrin group. Plants that make cyanogenic glycosides store them in the vacuole, but, if the plant is attacked, they are released and become activated by enzymes in the cytoplasm. These remove the sugar part of the molecule, allowing the cyanohydrin structure to collapse and re... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In chemistry, an imidic acid is any molecule that contains the -C(=NH)-OH functional group. It is the tautomer of an amide and the isomer of an oxime.
The term "imino acid" is an obsolete term for this group that should not be used in this context because it has a different molecular structure.
Imidic acids can be form... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Supercritical fluids act as a new medium for the generation of novel crystalline forms of APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) named as pharmaceutical cocrystals. Supercritical fluid technology offers a new platform that allows a single-step generation of particles that are difficult or even impossible to obtain by... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In signal processing, the power spectrum of a continuous time signal describes the distribution of power into frequency components composing that signal. According to Fourier analysis, any physical signal can be decomposed into a number of discrete frequencies, or a spectrum of frequencies over a continuous range. ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Photolysis or thermolysis of mononuclear carbonyls generates di- and polymetallic carbonyls such as diiron nonacarbonyl (Fe(CO)). On further heating, the products decompose eventually into the metal and carbon monoxide.
:2 Fe(CO) → Fe(CO) + CO
The thermal decomposition of triosmium dodecacarbonyl (Os(CO)) provides high... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Levomethorphan (LVM) (INN, BAN) is an opioid analgesic of the morphinan family that has never been marketed. It is the -stereoisomer of racemethorphan (methorphan). The effects of the two isomers of racemethorphan are quite different, with dextromethorphan (DXM) being an antitussive at low doses and a dissociative hall... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid was first synthesized in 1954 by Robert Haszeldine and Kidd by the following reaction: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
To perform spectral analysis of a source, monochromatic light at every wavelength would be needed to create a spectrum response of the illuminant. A monochromator is used to sample wavelengths from the source and essentially produce a monochromatic signal. It is essentially a variable filter, selectively separating and... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The biosynthesis of the Fe–S clusters has been well studied.
The biogenesis of iron sulfur clusters has been studied most extensively in the bacteria E. coli and A. vinelandii and yeast S. cerevisiae. At least three different biosynthetic systems have been identified so far, namely nif, suf, and isc systems, which we... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
"The Gaia Hypothesis" is the title of the award-winning collection of short stories A Hipótese de Gaia by Jorge Reis-Sá, published in Portuguese in 2022. | 9 | Geochemistry |
The other possible case would be that the second step is slow and rate-determining, meaning that it is slower than the first step in the reverse direction: r ≪ r. In this hypothesis, r − r ≈ 0, so that the first step is (almost) at equilibrium. The overall rate is determined by the second step: r = r ≪ r, as very few m... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Another use of methylene blue is to treat ifosfamide neurotoxicity. Methylene blue was first reported for treatment and prophylaxis of ifosfamide neuropsychiatric toxicity in 1994. A toxic metabolite of ifosfamide, chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), disrupts the mitochondrial respiratory chain, leading to an accumulation of nic... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Fluorescent chloride sensors are used for chemical analysis. The discoveries of chloride (Cl) participations in physiological processes stimulates the measurements of intracellular Cl in live cells and the development of fluorescent tools referred below. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The formation of electron quadruplets or charge-4e superconductivity is a proposed state of matter in which Cooper pairs do not exhibit long-range order, but electron quadruplets do. This "quartic metal" phase is related to but distinct from those superconductors explained by the standard BCS theory; rather than expell... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A number of factors can affect the migration of nucleic acids: the dimension of the gel pores (gel concentration), size of DNA being electrophoresed, the voltage used, the ionic strength of the buffer, and the concentration of intercalating dye such as ethidium bromide if used during electrophoresis.
Smaller molecules ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Three patients' deaths have been reported in gene therapy trials, putting the field under close scrutiny. The first was that of Jesse Gelsinger, who died in 1999, because of immune rejection response. One X-SCID patient died of leukemia in 2003. In 2007, a rheumatoid arthritis patient died from an infection; the subseq... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ribosomal pause refers to the queueing or stacking of ribosomes during translation of the nucleotide sequence of mRNA transcripts. These transcripts are decoded and converted into an amino acid sequence during protein synthesis by ribosomes. Due to the pause sites of some mRNA's, there is a disturbance caused in transl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Optical rotation is measured with an instrument called a polarimeter. There is a linear relationship between the observed rotation and the concentration of optically active compound in the sample. There is a nonlinear relationship between the observed rotation and the wavelength of light used. Specific rotation is calc... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
is a traditional Japanese chemical compound used in the niiro process for artificially inducing patination in decorative non-ferrous metals, especially several copper alloys, with the results being metals of the irogane class. These "colour metals," virtually unknown outside Japan until the late 19th century, have ach... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A variety of supramolecular polymers can be synthesized by using monomers with host-guest complementary binding motifs, such as crown ethers/ammonium ions, cucurbiturils/viologens, calixarene/viologens, cyclodextrins/adamantane derivatives, and pillar arene/imidazolium derivatives [30–33]. When the monomers are "heter... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Because solids have thermal energy, their atoms vibrate about fixed mean positions within the ordered (or disordered) lattice. The spectrum of lattice vibrations in a crystalline or glassy network provides the foundation for the kinetic theory of solids. This motion occurs at the atomic level, and thus cannot be observ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Al-Youbi received his bachelor’s and master’s degree in chemistry from King Abdulaziz University. He attended the University of Essex on a scholarship, where he received his PhD in physical chemistry in 1986.
Before being appointed as president of King Abdulaziz University in 2016, he served as vice president. He was a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The ground state of methylene has an ionisation energy of 10.396 eV. It has a bent configuration, with H-C-H angle of 133.84°, and is thus paramagnetic. (The correct prediction of this angle was an early success of ab initio quantum chemistry.) However conversion to a linear configuration requires only 5.5 kcal/mol.
Th... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. It covers the field of physical chemistry, especially research on colloids and interfaces. The journal was established in 1996 and the editors-in-chiefs are Dganit Danino and Marie Pierre Krafft. Accord... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The modified gene therapy strategy of antisense IGF-I RNA (NIH n˚ 1602) using antisense / triple helix anti-IGF-I approach was registered in 2002, by Wiley gene therapy clinical trial - n˚ 635 and 636. The approach has shown promising results in the treatment of six different malignant tumors: glioblastoma, cancers of ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
White-beam topography uses the full bandwidth of X-ray wavelengths in the incoming beam, without any wavelength filtering (no monochromator). The technique is particularly useful in combination with synchrotron radiation sources, due to their wide and continuous wavelength spectrum. In contrast to the monochromatic cas... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The two N-terminal cysteines of CXC chemokines (or α-chemokines) are separated by one amino acid, represented in this name with an "X". There have been 17 different CXC chemokines described in mammals, that are subdivided into two categories, those with a specific amino acid sequence (or motif) of glutamic acid-leucine... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Residue storage methods have changed substantially since the original plants were built. The practice in early years was to pump the slurry, at a concentration of about 20% solids, into lagoons or ponds sometimes created in former bauxite mines or depleted quarries. In other cases, impoundments were constructed with da... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The thylakoids are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. These include light-driven water oxidation and oxygen evolution, the pumping of protons across the thylakoid membranes coupled with the electron transport chain of the photosystems and cytochrome complex, and ATP synthesis by the ATP syntha... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Upon deprotonation, the corrinoid ring is capable of binding cobalt. In vitamin B, the resulting complex also features a benzimidazole-derived ligand, and the sixth site on the octahedron serves as the catalytic center.
The corrin ring resembles the porphyrin ring. Both feature four pyrrole-like subunits organized in... | 1 | Biochemistry |
V̇O max (also maximal oxygen consumption, maximal oxygen uptake or maximal aerobic capacity) is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption attainable during physical exertion. The name is derived from three abbreviations: "V̇" for volume (the dot over the V indicates "per unit of time" in Newton's notation), "O" for oxygen... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Mitochondria contain their own genome. The human mitochondrial genome is a circular double-stranded DNA molecule of about 16 kilobases. It encodes 37 genes: 13 for subunits of respiratory complexes I, III, IV and V, 22 for mitochondrial tRNA (for the 20 standard amino acids, plus an extra gene for leucine and serine), ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Originally developed by the Dow Chemical Company, sulfuryl fluoride is in widespread use as a structural fumigant insecticide to control drywood termites, particularly in warm-weather portions of the southwestern and southeastern United States and in Hawaii. Less commonly, it can also be used to control rodents, powder... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
ITCH is a HECT domain–containing E3 ubiquitin ligase that is ablated in non-agouti-lethal 18H (aka Itchy) mice. Itchy mice develop a severe immunological phenotype after birth that includes hyperplasia of lymphoid and hematopoietic cells, and stomach and lung inflammation. In humans ITCH deficiency causes altered physi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Peptidomimetic foldamers often break the previously mentioned definition of foldamers as they often adopt helical structures. They represent a major landmark of foldamer research due to their design and capabilities. The largest groups of peptidomimetic consist of β-peptides, γ-peptides and δ-peptides, and the possib... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
There is no antidote for palytoxin. Only the symptoms can be alleviated.
Animal studies have shown that vasodilators, such as papaverine and isosorbide dinitrate, can be used as antidotes. The animal experiments only showed benefit if the antidotes were injected into the heart immediately following exposure. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Intermolecular forces observed between atoms and molecules can be described phenomenologically as occurring between permanent and instantaneous dipoles, as outlined above. Alternatively, one may seek a fundamental, unifying theory that is able to explain the various types of interactions such as hydrogen bonding, van d... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In industrial water treatment terminology, water quality with high RSC index is synonymous with the soft water but is chemically very different from naturally soft water which has a very low ionic concentration. When calcium and magnesium salts are present in dissolved form in water, these salts precipitate on the heat... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Ro-vibrational spectroscopy concerns molecules in the gas phase. There are sequences of quantized rotational levels associated with both the ground and excited vibrational states. The spectra are often resolved into lines due to transitions from one rotational level in the ground vibrational state to one rotational lev... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Pyrethrin I is one of the two pyrethrins, natural organic compounds with potent insecticidal activity. It is an ester of (+)-trans-chrysanthemic acid with (S)-(Z)-pyrethrolone. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Mefloquine is useful for the prevention of malaria in all areas except for those where parasites may have resistance to multiple medications, and is one of several anti-malarial medications recommended by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for this purpose. It is also recommended by the Infect... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)aniline is a source of the triflyl () group.
The disulfonimides are of the type with two sulfonyl groups flanking an amine. As with sulfinamides, this class of compounds is used as catalysts in enantioselective synthesis. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Acylhydrazines are derivatives of carboxylic acids, although they are typically prepared by the reaction of esters with hydrazine: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The structure of a transcription factory appears to be determined by cell type, transcriptional activity of the cell and also the method of technique used to visualise the structure. The generalised view of a transcription factory would feature between 4 – 30 RNA polymerase molecules and it is thought that the more tra... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nüchter et al. (2001) have shown a new approach to Fischer glycosidation. Employing a microwave oven equipped with refluxing apparatus in a rotor reactor with pressure bombs, Nüchter et al. (2001) were able to achieve 100% yield of α- and β-D-glucosides. This method can be performed on a multi-kilogram scale. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The notation common with mass density underlines the connection between the two quantities (the mass concentration being the mass density of a component in the solution), but it can be a source of confusion especially when they appear in the same formula undifferentiated by an additional symbol (like a star superscript... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
mRNA binding allows repression of protein translation through direct blocking, degradation or cleavage of mRNA. Certain mRNA binding mechanisms have high specificity, which can act as a form of the intrinsic immune response during certain viral infections. Certain segmented RNA viruses can also regulate viral gene expr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Lattice models in biophysics represent a class of statistical-mechanical models which consider a biological macromacromolecule (such as DNA, protein, actin, etc.) as a lattice of units, each unit being in different states or conformations.
For example, DNA in chromatin can be represented as a one-dimensional lattice, w... | 1 | Biochemistry |
One model of Z-ring formation permits its formation only after a certain spatial signal that tells the cell that it is big enough to divide.
The MinCDE system prevents FtsZ polymerization near certain parts of the plasma membrane. MinD localizes to the membrane only at cell poles and contains an ATPase and an ATP-bindi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
PCBs undergo xenobiotic biotransformation, a mechanism used to make lipophilic toxins more polar and more easily excreted from the body. The biotransformation is dependent on the number of chlorine atoms present, along with their position on the rings. Phase I reactions occur by adding an oxygen to either of the benzen... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
RuCl(PPh) is the product of the reaction of ruthenium trichloride trihydrate with a methanolic solution of triphenylphosphine.
:2 RuCl(HO) + 7 PPh → 2 RuCl(PPh) + 2 HCl + 5 HO + OPPh
The coordination sphere of RuCl(PPh) can be viewed as either five-coordinate or octahedral. One coordination site is occupied by one of t... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
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