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See also: Dihydroxylation
In a vicinal diol, the two hydroxyl groups occupy vicinal positions, that is, they are attached to adjacent atoms. These compounds are called glycols. Examples include ethane-1,2-diol or ethylene glycol HO−(CH)−OH, a common ingredient of antifreeze products. Another example is propane-1,2-dio... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In 1999 the New Zealand Association of Scientists established the Shorland Medal in Shorland's honour. It is awarded annually in recognition of a "major and continued contribution to basic or applied research that has added significantly to scientific understanding or resulted in significant benefits to society." | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
As SPR allows real-time monitoring, individual steps in sequential binding events can be thoroughly assessed when investigating the suitability between antibodies in a sandwich configuration. Additionally, it allows the mapping of epitopes as antibodies of overlapping epitopes will be associated with an attenuated sign... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Calcium stable isotopes have been used to study inputs and outputs of dissolved calcium in marine environments. For example, one study found that calcium levels have decreased between 25 and 50 percent over a 40 million year timespan, suggesting that dissolved Caoutputs have exceeded its inputs. The isotope Calcium-44 ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Pol II-transcribed genes contain a region in the immediate vicinity of the transcription start site (TSS) that binds and positions the preinitiation complex. This region is called the core promoter because of its essential role in transcription initiation. Different classes of sequence elements are found in the promote... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 2013, researchers reported that tramadol was found in relatively high concentrations (1%+) in the roots of the African pin cushion tree (Nauclea latifolia). In 2014, however, it was reported that the presence of tramadol in the tree roots was the result of tramadol having been administered to cattle by farmers in th... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
For reactions in aqueous solution, such as an acid dissociation reaction
:AH + HO A + HO
the concentration of water may be taken as being constant and the formation of the hydronium ion is implicit.
:AH A + H
Water concentration is omitted from expressions defining equilibrium constants, except when solutions are... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Many synthetic supramolecular systems are designed to copy functions of biological systems. These biomimetic architectures can be used to learn about both the biological model and the synthetic implementation. Examples include photoelectrochemical systems, catalytic systems, protein design and self-replication. | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Robert Edward Corbett (13 June 1923 – 3 February 2018) was a New Zealand organic chemist. He is noted for his contribution to natural product chemistry through the isolation and structural elucidation of compounds from New Zealand native plants. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
During the period of active colonization of the Urals, which began in the 14th to early 15th centuries, there were rumors about subsurface deposits in Perm land and Yugra. But when conditions were dangerous for the settlers, because of the indigenous population, industrial land development was practically not carried ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Stop codons were historically given many different names, as they each corresponded to a distinct class of mutants that all behaved in a similar manner. These mutants were first isolated within bacteriophages (T4 and lambda), viruses that infect the bacteria Escherichia coli. Mutations in viral genes weakened their inf... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The excavations at Hammeh are part of the Deir 'Alla Regional Project, a joint undertaking of Yarmouk University in Irbid, Jordan, and Leiden University in the Netherlands, in collaboration with the Jordanian Department of Antiquities.
The site's most intriguing feature is the presence of a substantial and very early i... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Combinations of chromatographic methods can be used to purify a target molecule. The purpose of purifying proteins with FPLC is to deliver quantities of the target at sufficient purity in a biologically active state to suit its further use. The quality of the end product varies depending the type and amount of starting... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Vancomycin is made by the soil bacterium Amycolatopsis orientalis.
Vancomycin biosynthesis occurs primarily via three nonribosomal protein syntheses (NRPSs) VpsA, VpsB, and VpsC. The enzymes determine the amino acid sequence during its assembly through its 7 modules. Before vancomycin is assembled through NRPS, the non... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
An expansion of TST to the reactions when two spin-states are involved simultaneously is called nonadiabatic transition state theory (NA-TST). | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The phase diagram explains why liquids do not exist in space or any other vacuum. Since the pressure is essentially zero (except on surfaces or interiors of planets and moons) water and other liquids exposed to space will either immediately boil or freeze depending on the temperature. In regions of space near the Earth... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Laser light is sent to the sample and the outcoming transmitted or backscattered light is detected by an optoelectric sensor. The light intensity detected is the result of the interference of all the optical waves coming from the different light paths.
The signal is analysed by calculating the intensity autocorrelation... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Abortive initiation, also known as abortive transcription, is an early process of genetic transcription in which RNA polymerase binds to a DNA promoter and enters into cycles of synthesis of short mRNA transcripts which are released before the transcription complex leaves the promoter. This process occurs in both eukar... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Fresh domestic sewage entering a wastewater collection system contains proteins including organic sulfur compounds oxidizable to sulfates and may contain inorganic sulfates. Dissolved oxygen is depleted as bacteria begin to catabolize organic material in sewage. In the absence of dissolved oxygen and nitrates, sulfat... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The discovery of the photoacoustic effect dates back to 1880, when Alexander Graham Bell was experimenting with long-distance sound transmission. Through his invention, called "photophone", he transmitted vocal signals by reflecting sun-light from a moving mirror to a selenium solar cell receiver. As a byproduct of th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
HRM analysis is performed on double stranded DNA samples. Typically the user will use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to HRM analysis to amplify the DNA region in which their mutation of interest lies. In the sample tube there are now many copies of the DNA region of interest. This region that is amplified is kno... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The measurement of heat changes is performed using calorimetry, usually an enclosed chamber within which the change to be examined occurs. The temperature of the chamber is monitored either using a thermometer or thermocouple, and the temperature plotted against time to give a graph from which fundamental quantities ca... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The ouzo effect ( ), also known as the louche effect ( ) and spontaneous emulsification, is the phenomenon of formation of a milky oil-in-water emulsion when water is added to ouzo and other anise-flavored liqueurs and spirits, such as pastis, rakı, arak, sambuca and absinthe. Such emulsions occur with only minimal mix... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Cocaine, for example, blocks the reuptake of dopamine, leaving these neurotransmitters in the synaptic gap for longer.
* AMPT prevents the conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA, the precursor to dopamine; reserpine prevents dopamine storage within vesicles; and deprenyl inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B and thus increase... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The most confirmed function of plastid terminal oxidase in developed chloroplasts is its role in chlororespiration. In this process, NADPH dehydrogenase (NDH) reduces the quinone pool and the terminal oxidase oxidizes it, serving the same function as cytochrome c oxidase from mitochondrial electron transport. In Chlamy... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In materials science parlance, dislocations are defined as line defects in a material's crystal structure. The bonds surrounding the dislocation are already elastically strained by the defect compared to the bonds between the constituents of the regular crystal lattice. Therefore, these bonds break at relatively lower ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Salting in refers to the effect where increasing the ionic strength of a solution increases the solubility of a solute, such as a protein. This effect tends to be observed at lower ionic strengths.
Protein solubility is a complex function of physicochemical nature of the protein, pH, temperature, and the concentration ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The Sommelet reaction is an organic reaction in which a benzyl halide is converted to an aldehyde by action of hexamine and water. It is named after the French chemist Marcel Sommelet, who first reported the reaction in 1913.
One example, thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde is prepared by the reaction of hexamine with 2-chlorom... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A faster method of log P determination makes use of high-performance liquid chromatography. The log P of a solute can be determined by correlating its retention time with similar compounds with known log P values.
An advantage of this method is that it is fast (5–20 minutes per sample). However, since the value of log ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A total synthesis of enantiopure phorbol was developed in 2015. While this synthesis will not replace natural isolation products, it will enable researchers to create phorbol analogs for use in research, especially creating phorbol derivatives that can be evaluated for anti-cancer activity. Previously, the difficulty... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The sample of a material (analyte) is brought into the flame as a gas, sprayed solution, or directly inserted into the flame by use of a small loop of wire, usually platinum. The heat from the flame evaporates the solvent and breaks intramolecular bonds to create free atoms. The thermal energy also excites the atoms in... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
RNA can also be transfected into cells to transiently express its coded protein, or to study RNA decay kinetics. RNA transfection is often used in primary cells that do not divide.
siRNAs can also be transfected to achieve RNA silencing (i.e. loss of RNA and protein from the targeted gene). This has become a major appl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 2015, the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda and a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), including a goal dedicated to the ocean, Sustainable Development Goal 14, which calls to "conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development". Ocean acidification is direc... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Solomons ground-breaking work on free radical polymerization was initiated through observations made in industry. For example, anomalies that were not explained by polymerization theory at the time, and the observation that during the production of polymer/mineral composites some batches underwent spontaneous combustio... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Dole effect, named after Malcolm Dole, describes an inequality in the ratio of the heavy isotope O (a "standard" oxygen atom with two additional neutrons) to the lighter O, measured in the atmosphere and seawater. This ratio is usually denoted δO.
It was noticed in 1935 that air contained more O than seawater; this... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Benzenediazonium chloride heated with cuprous chloride or cuprous bromide respectively dissolved in HCl or HBr yield chlorobenzene or bromobenzene, respectively. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, crown ethers are cyclic chemical compounds that consist of a ring containing several ether groups (). The most common crown ethers are cyclic oligomers of ethylene oxide, the repeating unit being ethyleneoxy, i.e., . Important members of this series are the tetramer (n = 4), the pentamer (n = 5)... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
NASBA was developed by J Compton in 1991, who defined it as "a primer-dependent technology that can be used for the continuous amplification of nucleic acids in a single mixture at one temperature". Immediately after the invention of NASBA it was used for the rapid diagnosis and quantification of HIV-1 in patient sera.... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Light detectors, such as photographic plates or CCDs, measure only the intensity of the light that hits them. This measurement is incomplete (even when neglecting other degrees of freedom such as polarization and angle of incidence) because a light wave has not only an amplitude (related to the intensity), but also a p... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Alvircept sudotox is a form of recombinant CD4 derived from Pneumonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, or 'PE40, which has a size of 59,187 daltons and is an anti-viral agent. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Carbon dioxide has unique long-term effects on climate change that are nearly "irreversible" for a thousand years after emissions stop (zero further emissions). The greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide do not persist over time in the same way as carbon dioxide. Even if human carbon dioxide emissions were to compl... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Work done on, and work done by, a thermodynamic system need to be distinguished, through consideration of their precise mechanisms. Work done on a thermodynamic system, by devices or systems in the surroundings, is performed by actions such as compression, and includes shaft work, stirring, and rubbing. Such work done ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In 1999, Meléndez et al claimed that the structure of glycogen is optimal under a particular metabolic constraint model, where the structure was suggested to be "fractal" in nature. However, research by Besford et al used small angle X-ray scattering experiments accompanied by branching theory models to show that glyco... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The immune system uses the lethal effects of oxidants by making the production of oxidizing species a central part of its mechanism of killing pathogens; with activated phagocytes producing both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. These include superoxide , nitric oxide (•NO) and their particularly reactive product, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
An ideal surface is flat, rigid, perfectly smooth, chemically homogeneous, and has zero contact angle hysteresis. Zero hysteresis implies the advancing and receding contact angles are equal. In other words, only one thermodynamically stable contact angle exists. When a drop of liquid is placed on such a surface, the ch... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Different applications move over their particular map along different paths. An example map with no operating lines is shown as a pictorial reference with the stall/surge line on the left and the steepening speed lines towards choke and overload on the right.
Maps have similar features and general shape because they al... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms (6. ed.). The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2003. [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/aquametry] (online May 6, 2011) | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Anthraquinone glycosides are found in senna, rhubarb, and Aloe.
The cardiac glycosides are phytochemicals from plants including foxglove and lily of the valley. They include digoxin and digitoxin which act as diuretics. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Color change materials have been used in several very common outlets but also in an increasing number of new ones. Commercial applications include photochromics in ophthalmics, fashion/cosmetics, security, sensors, optical memory and optical switches, thermochromics in paints, inks, plastics and textiles as indicators... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The importance of an antiparallel DNA double helix structure is because of its hydrogen bonding between the complementary nitrogenous base pairs. If the DNA structure were to be parallel, the hydrogen bonding would not be possible, as the base pairs would not be paired in the known way. The four base pairs are: adenine... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Cheonggukjang, doenjang, fermented bean curd, miso, natto, soy sauce, stinky tofu, tempeh, oncom, soybean paste, Beijing mung bean milk, kinama, iru, thua nao | 1 | Biochemistry |
ortho-Substituted aryl aldehyde complexes undergo diastereoselective nucleophilic addition with organometallic reagents and other nucleophiles. Equation (8) is an example of a diastereoselective Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction.
Pinacol coupling and the corresponding diamine coupling are possible in the presence of a one... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The reaction of an organic substrate with phosgene is called phosgenation. Phosgenation of diols give carbonates (R = H, alkyl, aryl), which can be either linear or cyclic:
An example is the reaction of phosgene with bisphenol A to form polycarbonates. Phosgenation of diamines gives di-isocyanates, like toluene diisocy... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ketones give positive results in Bradys test, the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to give the corresponding hydrazone. Ketones may be distinguished from aldehydes by giving a negative result with Tollens reagent or with Fehlings solution. Methyl ketones give positive results for the iodoform test. Ketones also... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The journal includes:
* reviews
* full papers
* communications
* working methods papers
* crystallographic reports
It also includes occasional reports on:
* relevant conferences of applied work in the field of organometallics
* including bioorganometallic chemistry
* metal/organic ligand coordination chemistry. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Leonard P. Guarente is recognized as the leading proponent of the hypothesis that caloric restriction slows aging by activation of Sirtuins.
STACs have been discovered by Konrad Howitz of Biomol Inc and biologist David Sinclair. In September 2003, Howitz and Sinclair et al. published a highly cited paper reporting that... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Karl Söllner (9 January 1903 – 14 June 1986) was an Austrian-American chemist, primarily active in the field of physical chemistry and biophysics. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The history of spectroscopy began with Isaac Newton's optics experiments (1666–1672). According to Andrew Fraknoi and David Morrison, "In 1672, in the first paper that he submitted to the Royal Society, Isaac Newton described an experiment in which he permitted sunlight to pass through a small hole and then through a p... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Organelle biogenesis is the biogenesis, or creation, of cellular organelles in cells. Organelle biogenesis includes the process by which cellular organelles are split between daughter cells during mitosis; this process is called organelle inheritance. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Flutamide has been used in case reports to decrease the frequency of spontaneous orgasms, for instance in men with post-orgasmic illness syndrome. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In the Mohr method, named after Karl Friedrich Mohr, potassium chromate is an indicator, giving red silver chromate after all chloride ions have reacted:
: 2Ag (aq) + CrO (aq) → AgCrO (s) (K = 1.1 × 10)
The solution needs to be near neutral, because silver hydroxide forms at high pH, while the chromate forms AgCrO or ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Hydrostatic CCC or centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was invented in the 1980s by the Japanese company Sanki Engineering Ltd, whose president was Kanichi Nunogaki. CPC has been extensively developed in France starting from the late 1990s. In France, they initially optimized the stacked disc concept initiated b... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
UVGI can be used to disinfect air with prolonged exposure. In the 1930s and 40s, an experiment in public schools in Philadelphia showed that upper-room ultraviolet fixtures could significantly reduce the transmission of measles among students. In 2020, UVGI is again being researched as a possible countermeasure against... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Small molecule sensors are an effective way to detect the presence of metal ions in solution. Although many types exist, most small molecule sensors comprise a subunit that selectively binds to a metal that in turn induces a change in a fluorescent subunit. This change can be observed in the small molecule sensor's spe... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Hydrazones are oxidized (dehydrogenation) for example with silver oxide or mercury oxide for example the synthesis of from acetone hydrazone. Other oxidizing reagents are lead tetraacetate, manganese dioxide and the Swern reagent. Tosyl hydrazones RRC=N-NHTs are reacted with base for example triethylamine in the synth... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The mechanisms of carcinogenesis are not completely clear in humans. NMOR and its metabolites may induce DNA damage by directly forming reactive oxygen species or compounds which crosslink DNA. In a rat model in 2013, it was observed that NMOR is hydroxylated, probably by a P450 enzyme, alpha to the N-nitroso moiety. T... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Since the industrial revolution, and especially since the end of WWII, human activity has substantially disturbed the global carbon cycle by redistributing massive amounts of carbon from the geosphere. Humans have also continued to shift the natural component functions of the terrestrial biosphere with changes to veg... | 5 | Photochemistry |
"Ternatin" is a term used for two unrelated categories of biochemical compounds:
* The ternatin heptapeptide derived from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor
* Delphinidin ternatins derivatives of delphinidin, an anthocyanidin | 1 | Biochemistry |
Plastid terminal oxidase is an integral membrane protein, or more specifically, an integral monotopic protein and is bound to the thylakoid membrane facing the stroma. Based on sequence homology, the enzyme is predicted to contain four alpha helix domains that encapsulate a di-iron center. The two iron atoms are ligate... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Morpholinos have become a standard knockdown tool in animal embryonic systems, which have a broader range of gene expression than adult cells and can be strongly affected by an off-target interaction. Following initial injections into frog or fish embryos at the single-cell or few-cell stages, Morpholino effects can be... | 1 | Biochemistry |
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate is the conjugate base of 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid. It is phosphorylated at the number 1 and 3 carbons. The result of this phosphorylation gives 1,3BPG important biological properties such as the ability to phosphorylate ADP to form the energy storage molecule ATP. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Haloalkanes are diverse in their properties, making generalizations difficult. Few are acutely toxic, but many pose risks from prolonged exposure. Some problematic aspects include carcinogenicity and liver damage (e.g., carbon tetrachloride). Under certain combustion conditions, chloromethanes convert to phosgene, whic... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In mammals there are several structures that have been implicated as oxygen sensing structures; however, all of these structures are situated to detect aortic or internal hypoxia since mammals rarely run into environmental hypoxia. These structures include the type I cells of the carotid body, the neuroepithelial bodi... | 9 | Geochemistry |
* 2023: Yoshida Prize, International Organic Chemistry Foundation
* 2022: Sang-Chul Shim Academic Award, Korean Chemical Society
* 2007: NUS Young Investigator Award
* 2005: Career Award, National Science Foundation | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Alkalimetry and acidimetry are types of volumetric analyses in which the fundamental reaction is a neutralization reaction. They involve the controlled addition of either an acid or a base (titrant) of known concentration to the solution of the unknown concentration (titrate) until the reaction reaches its stoichiometr... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In specific acid catalysis, protonated solvent is the catalyst. The reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of the protonated solvent molecules SH. The acid catalyst itself (AH) only contributes to the rate acceleration by shifting the chemical equilibrium between solvent S and AH in favor of the SH species... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A classic route to carbodiimides involves dehydrosulfurization of thioureas. A typical reagent for this process is mercuric oxide:
:(R(H)N)CS + HgO → (RN)C + HgS + HO
This reaction can often be conducted as stated, even though carbodiimides react with water. In some cases, a dehydrating agent is added to the reaction... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A diffuse series of triplet lines is designated by series letter d and formula 1p-md. The diffuse series of singlet lines has series letter S and formula 1P-mS. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Persephin has the potential to be used as a therapeutic treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and other diseases that affect motor neurons. Because persephin acts more selectively compared to other GFLs, such as GDNF, it may produce fewer mechanism-based complications, making it a strong... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Conversion coating
** Autophoretic, the registered trade name of a proprietary series of auto-depositing coatings specifically for ferrous metal substrates
** Anodising
** Chromate conversion coating
** Plasma electrolytic oxidation
** Phosphate (coating)
* Ion beam mixing
* Pickled and oiled, a type of plate steel c... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Calcium is a necessary ion in the formation of the mitotic spindle. Without the mitotic spindle, cellular division cannot occur. Although young leaves have a higher need for calcium, older leaves contain higher amounts of calcium because calcium is relatively immobile through the plant. It is not transported through th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
For transition metals, oxidative reaction results in the decrease in the d to a configuration with fewer electrons, often 2e fewer. Oxidative addition is favored for metals that are (i) basic and/or (ii) easily oxidized. Metals with a relatively low oxidation state often satisfy one of these requirements, but even high... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In the early 1940s, Bradley reported the observation of sidebands around the Bragg peaks in the X-ray diffraction pattern of a Cu-Ni-Fe alloy that had been quenched and then annealed inside the miscibility gap. Further observations on the same alloy were made by Daniel and Lipson, who demonstrated that the sidebands co... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
General health hazards associated with solvent exposure include toxicity to the nervous system, reproductive damage, liver and kidney damage, respiratory impairment, cancer, hearing loss, and dermatitis. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
There are no regulations regarding SF6 currently in China, even though some measures for reducing emissions were taken by the government. The emissions of this gas are currently on the rise in China (and in other countries defined as non-Annex-I by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) "due to thei... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In terms of input and output, ICP-MS instrument consumes prepared sample material and translates it into mass-spectral data. Actual analytical procedure takes some time; after that time the instrument can be switched to work on the next sample. Series of such sample measurements requires the instrument to have plasma i... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Monosaccharides can be linked together by glycosidic bonds, which can be cleaved by hydrolysis. Two, three, several or many monosaccharides thus linked form disaccharides, trisaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides, respectively. Enzymes that hydrolyze glycosidic bonds are called "glycoside hydrolases" or "gl... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Cytochrome b was synthesized with photo-methionine to map the protein-protein interactions while also identifying its structure to study the mammalian mixed function oxidase system (also known as the MFO). This system is located in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and it is composed of cytochrome P450, NADPH: ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
*[http://www.google.com/patents?id=l5wdAAAAEBAJ&dq=ininventor:%22heinz+falk%22&as_drrb_ap=q&as_minm_ap=1&as_miny_ap=2008&as_maxm_ap=1&as_maxy_ap=2008&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2008&as_maxm_is=1&as_maxy_is=2008 Process for the N-alkylation or ureas] US Pat. 5124451 - Filed Jul 10, 1991 - Chemie Linz GmbH
*[ht... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Dendritic molecules are characterized by structural perfection. Dendrimers and dendrons are monodisperse and usually highly symmetric, spherical compounds. The field of dendritic molecules can be roughly divided into low-molecular weight and high-molecular weight species. The first category includes dendrimers and dend... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
A major improvement to the product imaging technique was achieved by Eppink and Parker. A difficulty that limits the resolution in the position-sensing version is that the spot on the detector is no smaller than the cross-sectional area of the ions excited. For example, if the volume of interaction of the molecular b... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Photosynthetic pigments convert light into biochemical energy. Examples for photosynthetic pigments are chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins. These pigments enter a high-energy state upon absorbing a photon which they can release in the form of chemical energy. This can occur via light-driven pumping of ions across... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Analyst is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of analytical chemistry, bioanalysis, and detection science. It is published by the Royal Society of Chemistry and the editor-in-chief is Norman Dovichi (University of Notre Dame). The journal was established in 1877 by the Society for Analytic... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Index inducer or just inducer predictably induce metabolism via a given pathway and are commonly used in prospective clinical drug-drug interaction studies.
Strong, moderate, and weak inducers are drugs that decreases the AUC of sensitive index substrates of a given metabolic pathway by ≥80%, ≥50% to <80%, and ≥20% to ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
It can be shown that there are four types of Euclidean plane isometries. (Note: the notations for the types of isometries listed below are not completely standardised.) | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Zintl compounds feature naked anionic clusters that are generated by reduction of heavy main group p elements, mostly metals or semimetals, with alkali metals, often as a solution in anhydrous liquid ammonia or ethylenediamine. Examples of Zintl anions are [Bi], [Sn], [Pb], and [Sb]. Although these species are called "... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are a group of allelopathic chemicals typically associated with diatom-copepod predator-prey interactions. These compounds are classified by an aldehyde group covalently bound to long carbon chains containing two or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Examples include isomers of heptadiena... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The physical principles of ion traps were first explored by F. M. Penning (1894–1953), who observed that electrons released by the cathode of an ionization vacuum gauge follow a long cycloidal path to the anode in the presence of a sufficiently strong magnetic field.
A scheme for confining charged particles in three d... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
As the reaction proceeds with the passage of time, the species' activities, and hence the reaction quotient, change in a way that reduces the free energy of the chemical system. The direction of the change is governed by the Gibbs free energy of reaction by the relation
where K is a constant independent of initial com... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Hexamethylenetetramine was first introduced into the medical setting in 1895 as a urinary antiseptic. It was officially approved by the FDA for medical use in the United States in 1967. However, it was only used in cases of acidic urine, whereas boric acid was used to treat urinary tract infections with alkaline urine.... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
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