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Ellipsometry has a number of advantages compared to standard reflection intensity measurements:
* Ellipsometry measures at least two parameters at each wavelength of the spectrum. If generalized ellipsometry is applied up to 16 parameters can be measured at each wavelength.
* Ellipsometry measures an intensity ratio in... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The popularization of NHC ligands can be traced to Arduengo, who reported the deprotonation of dimesitylimidazolium cation to give IMes. IMes is a free NHC that can be used as a ligand. Other NHCs have been isolated as the free ligands. Aside from IMes, another important NHC ligand is IPr, which features diisopropylph... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
TCF7L2 modulates pancreatic islet β-cell function strongly implicating its significant association with GDM risk. T alleles of rs7903146 and rs1799884 TCF7L2 polymorphisms increase susceptibility to GDM in the Chinese Han population. | 1 | Biochemistry |
As mentioned above, MAPKs typically form multi-tiered pathways, receiving input several levels above the actual MAP kinase. In contrast to the relatively simple, phosphorylation-dependent activation mechanism of MAPKs and MAP2Ks, MAP3Ks have stunningly complex regulation. Many of the better-known MAP3Ks, such as c-Raf,... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The International Deep Drawing Research Group ([http://www.iddrg.com IDDRG]) focuses on sheet metal research in industry and academia. It was started 1957 as an organization of national groups. The original focus was on the fabrication of cups hence the name Deep Drawing Research Group. At the initial meeting the pur... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Some of the most common DNA extraction methods include organic extraction, Chelex extraction, and solid phase extraction. These methods consistently yield isolated DNA, but they differ in both the quality and the quantity of DNA yielded. When selecting a DNA extraction method, there are multiple factors to consider, in... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Evidence for the role of the endocannabinoid system in food-seeking behavior comes from a variety of cannabinoid studies. Emerging data suggests that THC acts via CB receptors in the hypothalamic nuclei to directly increase appetite. It is thought that hypothalamic neurons tonically produce endocannabinoids that work t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Fluoroalkanes are generally inert and non-toxic.
Fluoroalkanes are not ozone depleting, as they contain no chlorine or bromine atoms, and they are sometimes used as replacements for ozone-depleting chemicals.
The term fluorocarbon is used rather loosely to include any chemical containing fluorine and carbon, including ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The outer chloroplast membrane is a semi-porous membrane that small molecules and ions can easily diffuse across. However, it is not permeable to larger proteins, so chloroplast polypeptides being synthesized in the cell cytoplasm must be transported across the outer chloroplast membrane by the TOC complex, or transloc... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Tramadol is metabolised in the liver via the cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP2B6, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, being O- and N-demethylated to five different metabolites. Of these, desmetramadol (O-desmethyltramadol) is the most significant, since it has 200 times the μ-affinity of (+)-tramadol, and furthermore has an elimination hal... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
It gives the ratio of the occurrence each amino acid combination in the observed data to the expected value of occurrence of the pair.
It is rounded off and used in the substitution matrix.
where is the probability of observing the pair and is the expected probability of such a pair occurring, given the background pr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In addition to activating PKC, diacylglycerol has a number of other functions in the cell:
* a source for prostaglandins
* a precursor of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol
* an activator of a subfamily of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) cation channels, TRPC3/6/7. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The bioluminescent bacterium A. fischeri is the first organism in which QS was observed. It lives as a mutualistic symbiont in the photophore (or light-producing organ) of the Hawaiian bobtail squid. When A. fischeri cells are free-living (or planktonic), the autoinducer is at low concentration, and, thus, cells do not... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Removal of a proton from an aliphatic –OH group is difficult to achieve in aqueous solution because the energy required for this process is rather large. Thus, ionization of aliphatic –OH groups occurs in aqueous solution only in special circumstances. One such circumstance is found with compounds containing the HN–C–C... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Liquid water and ice, for example, form a frigorific mixture at 0 °C or 32 °F. This mixture was once used to define 0 °C. That temperature is now defined as the triple point of Water with well-defined isotope ratios. A mixture of ammonium chloride, water, and ice form a frigorific mixture at about −17.8 °C or 0 °F. Th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the following section XH stands for any hydrogen compound, e.g. CH- and NH-compounds.
* Thermal dissociation: gaseous hydrogen molecules are being dissociated at temperatures above 3000 K e.g. in a plasma. At temperatures above 3500 K H und O are dissociated.
* electron impact dissociation:
The density of radicals... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
As far back as 1905, marine researchers attempted to develop an equation to be used as the standard in establishing the relationship between solar irradiance and photosynthetic production. Several groups had relative success, but in 1976 a comparison study conducted by Alan Jassby and Trevor Platt, researchers at the ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Only recently also other extraction applications have been investigated, e.g. the large scale recovery of apolar organics on offshore oil platforms using the so-called Macro-Porous Polymer Extraction (MPPE) Technology. In such an application, where the SIR particles are contained in a packed bed, flow rates from 0.5 m ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
MIM signed the first ISASMELT licence agreement with Agip Australia Proprietary Limited ("Agip") in July 1990. Agip, a subsidiary of the Italian oil company ENI, was developing the Radio Hill nickel-copper deposit near Karratha in Western Australia. MIM and representatives of Agip conducted a series of trials in which ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Calcareous () is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines. | 9 | Geochemistry |
Neutral methylene complexes undergo different chemical reactions depending on the pi character of the coordinate bond to the carbon centre. A weak contribution, such as in diazomethane, yields mainly substitution reactions, whereas a strong contribution, such as in ethenone, yields mainly addition reactions. Upon treat... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In contrast to photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs are organisms that depend solely on light for their energy and principally on organic compounds for their carbon. Photoheterotrophs produce ATP through photophosphorylation but use environmentally obtained organic compounds to build structures and other bio-molecules. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Neuroepithelial cells (NEC) are thought to be neuron-like chemoreceptor cells because they rely on membrane potential changes for the release of neurotransmitters and signal transmission onto nearby cells. Once NEC of the zebrafish gills come in contact with either environmental or aortic hypoxia, an outward K "leak"... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Adverse effects of drospirenone alone occurring in more than 1% of women may include unscheduled menstrual bleeding (breakthrough or intracyclic) (40.3–64.4%), acne (3.8%), metrorrhagia (2.8%), headache (2.7%), breast pain (2.2%), weight gain (1.9%), dysmenorrhea (1.9%), nausea (1.8%), vaginal hemorrhage (1.7%), decrea... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Deprotonation of methylcyclopentadiene gives the aromatic methylcyclopentadienyl anion. This ion is useful as a ligand for organometallic complexes. Relative to the corresponding cyclopentadienyl (Cp) complexes, complexes of Cp′ exhibit enhanced solubility in organic solvents.
Cp′ can be used to probe the structure of ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The PECT effect is also present in typical ion-insertion-based battery electrodes (e.g. Li-ion). The electrodes expand and contract when inserted with ions, which is one of the issues that leads to battery ageing and capacity loss over time. The PECT effect in battery electrodes could be an issue in situations where ba... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The proopiomelanocortin gene (POMC) is expressed in the hypothalamus, in the pituitary gland. It yields a range of biologically active peptides and hormones and undergoes tissue-specific posttranslational processing to yield a range of biologically active peptides producing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), b-endorph... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The first examples of insulators in vertebrates was seen in the chicken β-globin locus, cHS4. cHS4 marks the border between the active euchromatin in the β-globin locus and the upstream heterochromatin region that is highly condensed and inactive. The cHS4 insulator acts as both a barrier to chromatin-mediated silencin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
RNAP was discovered independently by Charles Loe, Audrey Stevens, and Jerard Hurwitz in 1960. By this time, one half of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Medicine had been awarded to Severo Ochoa for the discovery of what was believed to be RNAP, but instead turned out to be polynucleotide phosphorylase. | 1 | Biochemistry |
StochSim is a particle-based stochastic simulator used mainly to model chemical reactions and other molecular transitions. The algorithm used in StochSim is different from the more widely known Gillespie stochastic algorithm in that it operates on individual entities, not entity pools, making it particle-based rather t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Step 1: We take layer 1 as x, and layer 2 as y. By our assumptions in this case, { }.
Step 2: We take the result from step 1 as the value for new x [ x is old x+y; (-x) is old y+x ], and the value for layer 3 as new y.
<math>T_{x+y} = \frac {T_x T_y}{1-R_{(-x)} R_y} = \frac {(0.912)(0.96)}{1-(0.036... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The prestigious Paul Karrer Gold Medal and lecture was established in his honour in 1959 by a group of leading companies such as CIBA AG, J.R. Geigy, F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. AG, Sandoz AG, Société des Produits Nestlé AG and Dr. A. Wander AG. It is awarded annually or biannually to an outstanding chemist who delivers... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Direct reduction processes were developed to overcome the difficulties of conventional blast furnaces. DRI plants need not be part of an integrated steel plant, as is characteristic of blast furnaces. The initial capital investment and operating costs of direct reduction plants are lower than integrated steel plants an... | 8 | Metallurgy |
According to their material safety data sheets, CFCs and HCFCs are colorless, volatile, non-toxic liquids and gases with a faintly sweet ethereal odor. Overexposure at concentrations of 11% or more may cause dizziness, loss of concentration, central nervous system depression or cardiac arrhythmia. Vapors displace air a... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
An enantiomer can be named by the direction in which it rotates the plane of polarized light. Clockwise rotation of the light traveling toward the viewer is labeled (+) enantiomer. Its mirror-image is labeled (−). The (+) and (−) isomers have been also termed d- and l- (for dextrorotatory and levorotatory); but, naming... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The working principle of molography is illustrated in Figure 1. Molography is based on diffraction of laser light at a special 2D nanopattern of molecular binding sites on the surface of a sensor chip, termed mologram. A mologram is a coherent assembly of binding sites on a chip that form the blueprint of molecular ho... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The diagram above depicts a reaction between m-cresol and methanol where a c-alkylation product is produced. The c-alkylation reaction means that instead of replacing the hydrogen atom on the -OH group, the methyl group (from the methanol) replaces the hydrogen on a carbon in the benzene ring. The products of this c-al... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Enol esters are formed from ketenes with enolisable carbonyl compounds. The following example shows the reaction of ethenone with acetone to form a propen-2-yl acetate: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Societys wholly owned publishing subsidiary, Portland Press, publishes books, a magazine, The Biochemist', and several print and online academic journals:
*Biochemical Journal
*Biochemical Society Symposium (online only)
*Biochemical Society Transactions
*Cell Signalling Biology
*Clinical Science
*Essays in Bioch... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Cleavage forms parallel to crystallographic planes:
*Basal, pinacoidal, or planar cleavage occurs when there is only cleavage plane. Talc has basal cleavage. Mica (like muscovite or biotite) also has basal cleavage; this is why mica can be peeled into thin sheets.
*Prismatic cleavage occurs when there are cleavage pl... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Nuclear DNA is normally wrapped tightly around histones, making it hard or impossible for the transcription machinery to access the DNA. This association is due primarily to the electrostatic attraction between the DNA and histones as the DNA phosphate backbone is negatively charged and histones are rich in lysine resi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 1994, Donald and Kevin Dahm began using numerical techniques to calculate remission and transmission from samples of varying numbers of plane parallel layers from absorption and remission fractions for a single layer. Their plan was to "start with a simple model, treat the problem numerically rather than analytical... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ptaquiloside is a norsesquiterpene glucoside produced by bracken ferns (majorly Pteridium aquilinum) during metabolism. It is identified to be the main carcinogen of the ferns and to be responsible for their biological effects, such as haemorrhagic disease and bright blindness in livestock and oesophageal, gastric canc... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Valence is defined by the IUPAC as:
:The maximum number of univalent atoms (originally hydrogen or chlorine atoms) that may combine with an atom of the element under consideration, or with a fragment, or for which an atom of this element can be substituted.
An alternative modern description is:
: The number of hydrogen... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Let be an orientation-preserving rigid motion of R. The set of these transformations is a subgroup of Euclidean motions known as the special Euclidean group SE(3). These rigid motions are defined by transformations of x in R given by
consisting of a three-dimensional rotation A followed by a translation by the vector ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The energy of Rydberg states can be refined by including a correction called the quantum defect in the Rydberg formula. The "quantum defect" correction is associated with the presence of a distributed ionic core. Even for many electronically excited molecular systems, the ionic core interaction with an excited electron... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
This molecular logic gate illustrated demonstrates the advancement from redox-fluorescent switches to multi-input logic gates with an electrochemical switch. This two-input AND logic gate incorporates a tertiary amine proton receptor and a tetrathiafulvalene redox donor. These groups, when attached to anthracene, can s... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In the early years of the twentieth century, the vapor absorption cycle using water-ammonia systems or LiBr-water was popular and widely used. After the development of the vapor compression cycle, the vapor absorption cycle lost much of its importance because of its low coefficient of performance (about one fifth of th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Though polysaccharides are also biopolymers, it is not so common to talk of sequencing a polysaccharide, for several reasons. Although many polysaccharides are linear, many have branches. Many different units (individual monosaccharides) can be used, and bonded in different ways. However, the main theoretical reason is... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As listed by ECS:
* 2023 Fred Roozeboom
* 2021 Hiroshi Iwai
* 2019 David J. Lockwood
* 2015 Yue Kuo
* 2005 Dennis Hess
* 1999 Isamu Akasaki
* 1995 Wayne L. Worrell
* 1993 Bruce E. Deal
* 1987 Alfred Y. Cho
* 1985 Jerry M. Woodall
* 1983 Nick Holonyak, Jr.
* 1981 Gerald L. Pearson
* 1979 Morton B. Panish
* 1977 Robert N... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Boyles law was perhaps the first expression of an equation of state. In 1662 Robert Boyle performed a series of experiments employing a J-shaped glass tube, which was sealed on one end. Mercury was added to the tube, trapping a fixed quantity of air in the short, sealed end of the tube. Then the volume of gas was caref... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
It can also be used with highly specific meanings in specialised contexts. In the description of protein structure, in particular in the Protein Data Bank file format, a heteroatom record (HETATM) describes an atom as belonging to a small molecule cofactor rather than being part of a biopolymer chain. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Alkenes are named for their parent alkane chain with the suffix "-ene" and a numerical root indicating the position of the carbon with the lower number for each double bond in the chain: is but-1-ene.
Multiple double bonds take the form -diene, -triene, etc., with the size prefix of the chain taking an extra "a": is ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Statins are a class of drugs used to treat cardiovascular disease by lowering lipid levels, specifically LDL-C levels. Statins have shown to reduce new cardiovascular events by 30-40%. However, complications may still arise even after taking the drug and some patients are statin-intolerant. Lipoprotein apheresis therap... | 1 | Biochemistry |
He is a member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, American Philosophical Society, European Molecular Biology Organization, American Crystallographic Association and American Association for the Advancement of Science. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The electronic transitions in organic compounds and some other compounds can be determined by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, provided that transitions in the ultraviolet (UV) or visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum exist for the compound. Electrons occupying a HOMO (highest-occupied molecular orbital) of a ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Mutation studies in prokaryotes and eukaryotes show that ractopamine is not mutagenic. However, the results of several in vitro studies, including chromosome aberration tests in human lymphocytes, are positive. The positive genotoxic results are explained with limited evidence to be due to a secondary auto-oxidative me... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Nitrate was also used as a film stock through nitrocellulose. Due to its high combustibility, the studios swapped to acetate safety film in 1950. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Singlet and triplet carbenes exhibit divergent reactivity.
Triplet carbenes are diradicals, and participate in stepwise radical additions. Triplet carbene addition necessarily involves (at least one) intermediate with two unpaired electrons.
Singlet carbenes can (and do) react as electrophiles, nucleophiles, or amb... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Mulder was born in Utrecht and earned a medical degree from Utrecht University.
He became a reader of chemistry in Rotterdam and in 1840 he was appointed professor at Utrecht University. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Glycoside hydrolases (or glycosidases), are enzymes that break glycosidic bonds. Glycoside hydrolases typically can act either on α- or on β-glycosidic bonds, but not on both. This specificity allows researchers to obtain glycosides in high epimeric excess, one example being Wen-Ya Lus conversion of D-Glucose to Eth... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Flies lacking in FICD (CG9523) have been described as blind. Initially, this defect was attributed to a role for FICD on the cell surface of capitate projections - a putative site of neurotransmitter recycling however a later study implicated FICD-mediated AMPylation of BiP Thr366 in the visual problem | 1 | Biochemistry |
Vacuum ceramic filters are to be found in the following industries:
* paper making
* metallurgy
* water treatment
* chemical
* ore beneficiation process in mining (iron, gold, nickel, copper and quartz).
The process is used during a large continuous process of separating free filtering suspensions where washing is ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Tholins were detected on the dwarf planet Ceres by the Dawn mission. Most of the planet's surface is extremely rich in carbon, with approximately 20% carbon by mass in its near surface. The carbon content is more than five times higher than in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites analyzed on Earth. | 9 | Geochemistry |
In chemistry, the mass concentration (or ) is defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture .
For a pure chemical the mass concentration equals its density (mass divided by volume); thus the mass concentration of a component in a mixture can be called the density of a component in a mixtur... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Notable people with mitochondrial disease include:
* Mattie Stepanek, a poet, peace advocate, and motivational speaker who had dysautonomic mitochondrial myopathy, and who died at age 13.
* Rocco Baldelli, a coach and former center fielder in Major League Baseball who had to retire from active play at age 29 due to mit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dealuminification is a corresponding process for aluminum alloys. Similar effects for different metals are decarburization (removal of carbon from the surface of alloy), decobaltification, denickelification, etc. The prototypical system for dealloying to create nano-porous metals is the np-Au system, which is created b... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Garnet-Garnet reaction can be used to estimate the redox state of transition zone.
A recent study showed that the oxygen fugacity of transition referred from Garnet-Garnet reaction is -0.26 to +3 relative to the Fe-FeO (IW, iron- wütstite) oxygen buffer. | 9 | Geochemistry |
The Dukhin number () is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the contribution of the surface conductivity to various electrokinetic and electroacoustic effects, as well as to electrical conductivity and permittivity of fluid heterogeneous systems. The number was named after Stanislav and Andrei Dukhin. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Pentamethyltantalum was reported by Richard Schrock in 1974.
Salts of [Ta(CH)] are prepared by alkylation of TaF using methyl lithium:
:TaF + 6 LiCH → Li[Ta(CH)] + 5 LiF | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Leslie Hicks is an American associate professor of analytical chemistry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her work primarily focuses on the study of proteomics and protein post-translational modifications using mass spectrometry, and identifying biologically active peptides in plants. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
* Photosynthesis, a process whereby carbon dioxide and water are transformed into a number of organic molecules in plant cells.
* Nitrogen fixation from the soil into organic molecules by symbiotic bacteria which live in the roots of certain plants, such as Leguminosae.
* Magnesium supplements orotate, oxide, sulfate, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 2011, a record outbreak of blooming microcystis occurred in Lake Erie, in part related to the wettest spring on record, and expanded lake bottom dead zones, reduced fish populations, fouled beaches, and damaged the local tourism industry, which generates more than $10 billion in revenue annually.
In August 2014, the... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
An acid is classified as "strong" when the concentration of its undissociated species is too low to be measured. Any aqueous acid with a pK value of less than 0 is almost completely deprotonated and is considered a strong acid. All such acids transfer their protons to water and form the solvent cation species (HO in aq... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Hydroxylamine (also known as hydroxyammonia) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . The compound is in a form of a white hygroscopic crystals. Hydroxylamine is almost always provided and used as an aqueous solution. It is consumed almost exclusively to produce Nylon-6. The oxidation of Ammonia| to hydroxy... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder where anaplerosis is greatly reduced. Other anaplerotic substrates such as the odd-carbon-containing triglyceride triheptanoin can be used to treat this disorder. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Cassies law, or the Cassie equation, describes the effective contact angle θ for a liquid on a chemically heterogeneous surface, i.e. the surface of a composite material consisting of different chemistries, that is non uniform throughout. Contact angles are important as they quantify a surfaces wettability, the nature ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Carbene radicals are a special class of organometallic carbenes. The carbene radical can be formed by one-electron reduction of Fischer-type carbenes using an external reducing agent, or directly upon carbene formation at an open-shell transition metal complex (in particular low-spin cobalt(II) complexes) using diazo c... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, also known as Grb2, is an adaptor protein involved in signal transduction/cell communication. In humans, the GRB2 protein is encoded by the GRB2 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene binds receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor and contains one SH2 domain and tw... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Type B (70%Pt/30%Rh–94%Pt/6%Rh, by weight) thermocouples are suited for use at up to 1800 °C. Type-B thermocouples produce the same output at 0 °C and 42 °C, limiting their use below about 50 °C. The emf function has a minimum around 21 °C, meaning that cold-junction compensation is easily performed, since the compensa... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Crystallography is a technique that characterizes the chemical structure of materials at the atomic level by analyzing the diffraction patterns of electromagnetic radiation or particles that have been deflected by atoms in the material. X-rays are most commonly used. From the raw data, the relative placement of atoms i... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Hydrothermal H may have played a major role in pre-biotic chemistry. Production of H by serpentinization supported formation of the reactants proposed in the iron-sulfur world origin of life hypothesis. The subsequent evolution of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis is hypothesized as one of the earliest metabolisms on Ear... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The product is manufactured by hydrogenation of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. It may also be manufactured by phosgenation of 4,4-Diaminodicyclohexylmethane. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The surface energy is measured in units of joules per square meter, which is equivalent in the case of liquids to surface tension, measured in newtons per meter. The overall surface tension/energy of a liquid can be acquired through various methods using a tensiometer or using the pendant drop method and maximum bubble... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Orbifold signature:
* Coxeter notation (rectangular): [((∞,2),(∞,2))]
* Coxeter notation (square): [4,4]
* Lattice: rectangular
* Point group: D
* The group pgg contains two rotation centres of order two (180°), and glide reflections in two perpendicular directions. The centres of rotation are not locate... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
PHLPP1 and 2 also dephosphorylate the hydrophobic motifs of two classes of the protein kinase C (PKC) family: the conventional PKCs and the novel PKCs. (The third class of PKCs, known as the atypicals, have a phospho-mimetic at the hydrophobic motif, rendering them insensitive to PHLPP.)
The PKC family of kinases con... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A photocyte is a cell that specializes in catalyzing enzymes to produce light (bioluminescence). Photocytes typically occur in select layers of epithelial tissue, functioning singly or in a group, or as part of a larger apparatus (a photophore). They contain special structures termed as photocyte granules. These specia... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Vitamin D was discovered in 1922 following on from previous research. American researchers Elmer McCollum and Marguerite Davis in 1914 discovered a substance in cod liver oil which later was called "vitamin A". British doctor Edward Mellanby noticed dogs that were fed cod liver oil did not develop rickets and concluded... | 1 | Biochemistry |
El-Sayed was born in Zifta, Egypt and spent his early life in Cairo. He earned his B.Sc. in chemistry from Ain Shams University Faculty of Science, Cairo in 1953. El-Sayed earned his doctoral degree in chemistry from Florida State University working with Michael Kasha, the last student of the legendary G. N. Lewis. Whi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bromocresol green (BCG) is a dye of the triphenylmethane family (triarylmethane dyes). It belongs to a class of dyes called sulfonephthaleins. It is used as a pH indicator in applications such as growth mediums for microorganisms and titrations. In clinical practise, it is commonly used as a diagnostic technique. The m... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The concentration of naturally produced HMB has been measured in several human body fluids using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods. In the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy adults, the average molar conc... | 1 | Biochemistry |
PbSnSe/PbSrSe quantum well materials, which can be grown by MBE on silicon substrates, have been proposed for low cost TPV device fabrication. These IV-VI semiconductor materials can have bandgaps between 0.3 and 0.6 eV. Their symmetric band structure and lack of valence band degeneracy result in low Auger recombinati... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Choi researched jasmonates, which are believed to participate in signal transduction processes between external stresses, such as wounding, pathogenic attack, or cell response by activating the defense genes. He discovered a new enzyme, (EC2.1.1.141) jasmonate carboxyl methyltransferase (JMT), which catalyzes the methy... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Since warming of Earth means less ice on the ground on average, it would cause lower albedo and more sunlight absorbed, hence further increasing Earth's temperature.
As a rough estimate, we note that the average temperature on most of Earth are between -20 and +30 Celsius degree, a good guess will be that 2% of its sur... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The uses that have been derived from Vectorette PCR are many and have been useful to the science of biology. For example, it gives rise to methods that can help during the outbreaks of diseases by making it easier to subtype pathogens that are similar or closely related. It can also be used to help diagnose certain dis... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In organic chemistry, phosphinites are organophosphorus compounds with the formula . They are used as ligands in homogeneous catalysis and coordination chemistry. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
On January 15, 2013, the Regulation (EU) No. 98/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the marketing and use of explosives precursors was adopted.
The Regulation harmonises rules across Europe on the making available, introduction, possession and use, of certain substances or mixtures that could be misus... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Generally, the role of the arginine finger in catalysis is to function in transition state stabilization to allow water to perform a nucleophilic attack to cleave off a number of phosphate groups. However, there are exceptions, and arginine fingers can assist in other roles. Additionally, arginine fingers may be attach... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The photovoltaic effect was experimentally demonstrated first by French physicist Edmond Becquerel. In 1839, at age 19, he built the worlds first photovoltaic cell in his fathers laboratory. Willoughby Smith first described the "Effect of Light on Selenium during the passage of an Electric Current" in a 20 February 187... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Geranylgeranylation is a form of prenylation, which is a post-translational modification of proteins that involves the attachment of one or two 20-carbon lipophilic geranylgeranyl isoprene units from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to one or two cysteine residue(s) at the C-terminus of specific proteins. Prenylation (inclu... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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