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There are many different approaches to transfer thermal energy to electricity, and the technologies to do so have existed for several decades.
An established approach is by using a thermoelectric device, where a change in temperature across a semiconductor material creates a voltage through a phenomenon known as the S... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Unlike the proofreading mechanisms of DNA polymerase those of RNAP have only recently been investigated. Proofreading begins with separation of the mis-incorporated nucleotide from the DNA template. This pauses transcription. The polymerase then backtracks by one position and cleaves the dinucleotide that contains the ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
To prepare a cDNA library, the first step is to isolate the total mRNA from the cell type of interest. Then, the enzyme reverse transcriptase is used to generate cDNAs. Reverse transcriptase is a RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. It depends on the presence of a primer, usually a poly-dT oligonucleotide, to prime DNA synthe... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Entropic gravity, as proposed by Verlinde in his original article, reproduces the Einstein field equations and, in a Newtonian approximation, a potential for gravitational forces. Since its results do not differ from Newtonian gravity except in regions of extremely small gravitational fields, testing the theory with e... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Alcoholic fermentation is often used by plants in anaerobic conditions to produce ATP and regenerate NAD to allow for glycolysis to continue. For most plant tissues, fermentation only occurs in anaerobic conditions, but there are a few exceptions. In the pollen of maize (Zea mays) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum & Nic... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Mitochondrial genes in some vertebrates (including humans) have incomplete stop codons ending in U or UA, which become complete termination codons (UAA) upon subsequent polyadenylation. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Köhler theory describes the process in which water vapor condenses and forms liquid cloud drops, and is based on equilibrium thermodynamics. It combines the Kelvin effect, which describes the change in saturation vapor pressure due to a curved surface, and Raoult's Law, which relates the saturation vapor pressure to th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
According to proponents of a classical double-well potential, the 2-norbornyl cation exists in dynamic equilibrium between two enantiomeric asymmetric structures. The delocalized species central to the non-classical picture is merely a transition state between the two structures. Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements are invo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the liver, bilirubin is conjugated with glucuronic acid by the enzyme glucuronyltransferase, first to bilirubin glucuronide and then to bilirubin diglucuronide, making it soluble in water: the conjugated version is the main form of bilirubin present in the "direct" bilirubin fraction. Much of it goes into the bile a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
*[http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ac00053a012 Separation of amino acid homopolymers by capillary gel electrophoresis].
*[https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac50042a043 Retention indices for programmed-temperature capillary-column gas chromatography of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons].
*[https://www.nature.com/ar... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Dimethyl methylphosphonate is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula CHPO(OCH). It is a colourless liquid, which is primarily used as a flame retardant. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Under very oxidising or very reducing conditions, the steady-state catalytic current sometimes tends to a limiting value (a plateau) which (still provided there is no mass transport limitation) relates to the activity of the fully oxidised or fully reduced enzyme, respectively. If interfacial electron transfer is slow ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Physical lipolysis involves destruction of fat cells containing the fat droplets and can be used as part of cosmetic body contouring procedures. Currently there are four main non-invasive body contouring techniques in aesthetic medicine for reducing localized subcutaneous adipose tissue in addition to the standard mini... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The analysis of field effects on benthic organisms functions to assess the potential for community based effects resulting from the identified contaminants. This is done because benthic organisms are sessile and location specific, allowing them to be used as accurate markers of contaminant effect (Chapman, 1990). This ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Carbamate esters also arise via alcoholysis of carbamoyl chlorides:
:RNC(O)Cl + ROH → RNCOR + HCl
Alternatively, carbamates can be formed from chloroformates and amines:
:ROC(O)Cl + RNH → RNCOR + HCl
Carbamates may be formed from the Curtius rearrangement, where isocyanates formed are reacted with an alcohol.
:RCON → R... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
PV work is path-dependent and is, therefore, a thermodynamic process function. In general, the term is not an exact differential. The statement that a process is quasi-static gives important information about the process but does not determine the P–V path uniquely, because the path can include several slow goings bac... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
MFA is a convulsant poison. It causes severe convulsions in poisoned victims. Death results from respiratory failure.
For a variety of animals, the toxicity of methyl fluoroacetate has been determined orally and through subcutaneous injection. The dosage ranges from 0.1 mg/kg in dogs to 10–12 mg/kg in monkeys indicatin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The diagnosis and the study of the properties of quark–gluon plasma can be undertaken using quarks not present in matter seen around us. The experimental and theoretical work relies on the idea of strangeness enhancement. This was the first observable of quark–gluon plasma proposed in 1980 by Johann Rafelski and Rolf H... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Beer-Lambert law is commonly applied to chemical analysis measurements to determine the concentration of chemical species that absorb light. It is often referred to as Beer's law. In physics, the Bouguer–Lambert law is an empirical law which relates the extinction or attenuation of light to the properties of the m... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Phosphate is used in fertilisers. Immense quantities of phosphate rock or phosphorite occur in sedimentary shelf deposits, ranging in age from the Proterozoic to currently forming environments. Phosphate deposits are thought to be sourced from the skeletons of dead sea creatures which accumulated on the seafloor. Simil... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) is another structural element that is increasingly recognized for its critical role in cellular physiology and homeostasis. Once considered a technical snag in cell fractionation techniques, the alleged ER vesicle contaminants that invariably appeared in the mitochondrial f... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Plants express the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and have a TOR kinase complex. In plants, only the TORC1 complex is present unlike that of mammalian target of rapamycin which also contains the TORC2 complex. Plant species have TOR proteins in the protein kinase and FKBP-rapamycin binding (FRB) domains that sh... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A not often used definition of glaze is the highly sintered compacted oxide layer formed due to the sliding of either two metallic surfaces (or sometimes a metal surface and ceramic surface) at high temperatures (normally several hundred degrees Celsius) in oxidizing conditions. The sliding or tribological action gener... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Amoxicillin is recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of infants with signs and symptoms of pneumonia in resource-limited situations when the parents are unable or unwilling to accept hospitalization of the child. Amoxicillin in combination with gentamicin is recommended for the treatment of inf... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
While the sequence that constitutes the 3′-UTR contributes greatly to gene expression, the structural characteristics of the 3′-UTR also play a large role. In general, longer 3′-UTRs correspond to lower expression rates since they often contain more miRNA and protein binding sites that are involved in inhibiting transl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In order to achieve noticeable material strengthening via solution strengthening, one should alloy with solutes of higher shear modulus, hence increasing the local shear modulus in the material. In addition, one should alloy with elements of different equilibrium lattice constants. The greater the difference in lattice... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Wet storage stain, more commonly known as white rust or white corrosion, is a type of zinc corrosion. It is called wet storage stain because it occurs when a fresh zinc surface is stored in a wet environment with limited oxygen and carbon dioxide sources; the restriction in air is usually due to the items being stacked... | 8 | Metallurgy |
As mining techniques and the price of minerals improve, it is not unusual for tailings to be reprocessed using new methods, or more thoroughly with old methods, to recover additional minerals. Extensive tailings dumps of Kalgoorlie / Boulder in Western Australia were re-processed profitably in the 1990s by KalTails Min... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The production of an amorphous metal can be achieved by rapidly cooling the liquid alloy to avoid forming a crystal structure. This is traditionally done using melt spinning, which produces a 0.5–125 mm wide strip with a thickness of 20–50 μm. After cooling, the metal can be made into parts or preforms by cutting, stam... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A Web of Science search for the term multiferroic yields the year 2000 paper "Why are there so few magnetic ferroelectrics?" from N. A. Spaldin (then Hill) as the earliest result. This work explained the origin of the contraindication between magnetism and ferroelectricity and proposed practical routes to circumvent it... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* The log-normal distribution is often used to approximate the particle size distribution of aerosols, aquatic particles and pulverized material.
* The Weibull distribution or Rosin–Rammler distribution is a useful distribution for representing particle size distributions generated by grinding, milling and crushing ope... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A major bulk of work in the synthesis of lovastatin was done by M. Hirama in the 1980s.
Hirama synthesized compactin and used one of the intermediates to follow a different path to get to lovastatin. The synthetic sequence is shown in the schemes below. The γ-lactone was synthesized using Yamada methodology starting wi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In atmospheric radiation, Chandrasekhars H-function appears as the solutions of problems involving scattering, introduced by the Indian American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. The Chandrasekhars H-function defined in the interval , satisfies the following nonlinear integral equation
where the characteristi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Acid value
* Bromine number
* Epoxy value
* Hydroxyl value
* Iodine value
* Peroxide value
* Saponification value | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Single photon detector used in time-domain diffuse optics require not only a high photon detection efficiency in the wavelength range of optical window, but also a large active area as well as large numerical aperture (N.A.) to maximize the overall light collection efficiency. They also require narrow timing response a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Acylsilanes can be synthesized by treating acyl anion equivalents with silyl halides (typically trimethylsilyl chloride, tmsCl). Silylation of 2-lithio-1,3-dithiane, followed by hydrolysis of the dithioacetal group with mercury(II) chloride. Analogous methods has also been used to produce acylgermanes.
Several approch... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
When absorption was measured against wavelength at various pH values, the changes at wavelength 408 nm and 470 nm yielded a sigmoidal line with a midpoint at 5.1. This indicated that the absorbance at these two wavelengths depends upon the ionization of the chromophoric portion of TNP-ATP and is unaffected by ionizatio... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Currently the biosynthesis of rhodoquinone (RQ) is still being debated, but there are two main biosynthetic pathways that are being researched. The first pathway requires the organism to produce ubiquinone (UQ) before the amino group can be added onto the quinone ring. The second pathway allows RQ to be synthesized wit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The method combines the reactions of copper ions with the peptide bonds under alkaline conditions (the Biuret test) with the oxidation of aromatic protein residues. The Lowry method is based on the reaction of Cu, produced by the oxidation of peptide bonds, with Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (a mixture of phosphotungstic aci... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In order to study gas phase interstellar chemistry, it is convenient to distinguish two types of interstellar clouds: diffuse clouds, with T=30-100 K, and n=10–1000 cm, and dense clouds with T=10-30K and density n=-. Ion chemical routes in both dense and diffuse clouds have been established for some works (Hartquist 19... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In proteomics, MALDI is used for the rapid identification of proteins isolated by using gel electrophoresis: SDS-PAGE, size exclusion chromatography, affinity chromatography, strong/weak ion exchange, isotope coded protein labeling (ICPL), and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Peptide mass fingerprinting is the most... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Vanillin has been used as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other fine chemicals. In 1970, more than half the world's vanillin production was used in the synthesis of other chemicals. As of 2016, vanillin uses have expanded to include perfumes, flavoring and aromatic masking i... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Aniline reacts with acyl chlorides or carboxylic anhydrides to give anilides. For example, reaction of aniline with acetyl chloride provides acetanilide (). At high temperatures, aniline and carboxylic acids react to give anilides. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
mEH is widely expressed in virtually all mammalian cells as an endoplasmic reticulum-bound (i.e. microsomal-bound) enzyme with its C terminal catalytic domain facing the cytoplasm; in some tissues, however, mEH has been found bound to the cell surface plasma membrane with its catalytic domain facing the extracellular s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The stereochemical structure of a cyclic monosaccharide can be represented in a Haworth projection. In this diagram, the α-isomer for the pyranose form of a -aldohexose has the −OH of the anomeric carbon below the plane of the carbon atoms, while the β-isomer has the −OH of the anomeric carbon above the plane. Pyranose... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Metallacycles often arise by cyclization of arene-containing donor ligands, e.g. aryl phosphines and amines. An early example is the cyclization of IrCl(PPh) to give the corresponding Ir(III) hydride containing a four-membered IrPCC ring. Palladium(II) and platinum(II) have long been known to ortho-metalate aromatic li... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The waste discharge can be sent into incineration plant, where the organic solid undergoes combustion process. The combustion process produces heat that can be used to generate electricity. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Particulate pollution is pollution of an environment that consists of particles suspended in some medium. There are three primary forms: atmospheric particulate matter, marine debris, and space debris. Some particles are released directly from a specific source, while others form in chemical reactions in the atmosphere... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a hemiaminal (also carbinolamine) is a functional group or type of chemical compound that has a hydroxyl group and an amine attached to the same carbon atom: . R can be hydrogen or an alkyl group. Hemiaminals are intermediates in imine formation from an amine and a carbonyl by alkylimino-de-oxo-bi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Continuous flow analysis (CFA) is a general term that encompasses both segmented flow analysis (SFA) and flow injection analysis (FIA). In segmented flow analysis, a continuous stream of material is divided by air bubbles into discrete segments in which chemical reactions occur. The continuous stream of liquid samples... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Myristoylation is a lipidation modification where a myristoyl group, derived from myristic acid, is covalently attached by an amide bond to the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal glycine residue. Myristic acid is a 14-carbon saturated fatty acid (14:0) with the systematic name of n-tetradecanoic acid. This modificat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Also, alkaline lysis is sometimes used to extract plant genetic material. The plant cells are subjected to a strongly alkaline solution containing a detergent (usually a zwitterionic or nonionic detergent such as Tween 20), and the mixture is incubated at high temperature. This method is not used as often due to the ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In mammals, propionyl-CoA is converted to (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA by propionyl-CoA carboxylase, a biotin-dependent enzyme also requiring bicarbonate and ATP.
This product is converted to (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA by methylmalonyl-CoA racemase.
(R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA is converted to succinyl-CoA, an intermediate in the tricarb... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Some drug molecules are chiral, and the enantiomers have different effects on biological entities. They can be sold as one enantiomer or as a racemic mixture. Examples include thalidomide, ibuprofen, cetirizine and salbutamol. A well known drug that has different effects depending on its ratio of enantiomers is ampheta... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
* Siddiqui B.S., Afshan F., Rasheed M., Kardar N., Begum S., Faizi S. (2002) Medicinal Plants - A Source of Potential Chemicals of Diverse Structures and Biological Activity. In: Şener B. (eds) Biodiversity. Springer, Boston, MA. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The formulation of a coating depends primarily on the function required of the coating and also on aesthetics required such as color and gloss. The four primary ingredients are the resin (or binder), solvent which maybe water (or solventless), pigment(s) and additives. Research is ongoing to remove heavy metals from co... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Sequence reads are not perfect, so the accuracy of each base in the sequence needs to be estimated for downstream analyses. Raw data is examined to ensure: quality scores for base calls are high, the GC content matches the expected distribution, short sequence motifs (k-mers) are not over-represented, and the read dupl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As one of a range of ferric ferrocyanides, blue billy is a compound of iron, carbon and nitrogen. Processes producing ammonia or cyanides in the presence of iron may give rise to it.
Most commonly it is found around old gasworks. Part of the gas production process, producing town gas by the gasification of coal, inv... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In chemistry, dioxirane (systematically named dioxacyclopropane, also known as methylene peroxide or peroxymethane) is an organic compound with formula . The molecule consists of a ring with one methylene and two oxygen atoms. It is of interest as the smallest cyclic organic peroxide, but otherwise it is of little pr... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Conformational study on neuromuscular blocking drugs is relatively new and developing. Traditional SAR studies do not specify environmental factors on molecules. Computer-based conformational searches assume that the molecules are in vacuo, which is not the case in vivo. Solvation models take into account the effect of... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS, pronounced ) are limits on atmospheric concentration of six pollutants that cause smog, acid rain, and other health hazards. Established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under authority of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.), NAAQ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Beweries, et al., developed a light-driven "closed cycle of water splitting using ansa-titanocene(III/IV) triflate complexes". | 5 | Photochemistry |
Epic-seq hypothesizes that cfDNA fragments originating from active promoters, which are less shielded by nucleosomes and thus more susceptible to endonuclease cleavage, will display more erratic cleavage patterns compared to fragments from inactive promoters, which are better protected by nucleosomes. PFE is a variatio... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Electrons are often removed from the electron transport chains to charge NADP with electrons, reducing it to NADPH. Like ATP synthase, ferredoxin-NADP reductase, the enzyme that reduces NADP, releases the NADPH it makes into the stroma, right where it is needed for the dark reactions.
Because NADP reduction removes ele... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Synthesis of diacylglycerol begins with glycerol-3-phosphate, which is derived primarily from dihydroxyacetone phosphate, a product of glycolysis (usually in the cytoplasm of liver or adipose tissue cells). Glycerol-3-phosphate is first acylated with acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to form lysophosphatidic acid, which is th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Electric fans used for ventilation may be powered by solar panels instead of mains current. This is an attractive option because once the capital costs of the solar panel have been covered, the resulting electricity is free. Also, electricity is always available when the sun is shining and the fan needs to run.
During ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves (Russian: Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Физика горения и взрыва) is the English-language translated version of the Russian peer-reviewed scientific journal, Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva. It covers the combustion of gases and materials, detonation processes, dispersal and transformation of... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Protein–protein signalling interactions pose suitable therapeutic targets due to their specificity and pervasiveness. The random drug discovery approach uses compound banks that comprise random chemical structures, and requires a high-throughput method to test these structures in their intended target.
The cell chosen ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Ruhrchemie/Rhone–Poulenc process (RCRPP) relies on a rhodium catalyst with water-soluble TPPTS as ligand (Kuntz Cornils catalyst) for the hydroformylation of propene. The tri-sulfonation of triphenylphosphane ligand provides hydrophilic properties to the organometallic complex. The catalyst complex carries nine sul... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Small activating Ribonucleic acids (saRNAs) are small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that target gene promoters to induce transcriptional gene activation in a process known as RNA activation (RNAa).
Small dsRNAs, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), are known to be the trigger of an evolutiona... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a technique that can only be used to compare two samples from the same individual. LOH analysis is often used when identifying cancer-causing oncogenes in that one sample consists of (mutant) tumor DNA and the other (control) sample consists of genomic DNA from non-cancerous cells from ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Eco pickled surface technology has been tested and approved for use as a replacement for acid pickled steel by automotive manufacturers General Motors and Chrysler. The Eco Pickled Surface process was a finalist in the 2013 American Metal Market (AMM) Awards for Steel Excellence. | 8 | Metallurgy |
The Lotka–Volterra equations describe dynamics of the predator-prey systems. The rate of predation upon the prey is assumed to be proportional to the rate at which the predators and the prey meet; this rate is evaluated as xy, where x is the number of prey, y is the number of predator. This is a typical example of the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
As a hydrogen storage alloy, LaNi can absorb hydrogen to form the hydride LaNiH (x≈6) when the pressure is slightly high and the temperature is low, or when the pressure decreases or the temperature increases, hydrogen can be released to form repeated absorption and release of hydrogen. But for the dehydrogenation proc... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Combustion of fuels produces sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides. They are converted into sulfuric acid and nitric acid. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Some old studies suggested that the ingestion of large doses of thiamine (vitamin B) could be effective as an oral insect repellent against mosquito bites. However, there is now conclusive evidence that thiamin has no efficacy against mosquito bites. Some claim that plants such as wormwood or sagewort, lemon balm, lemo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The values below are standard apparent reduction potentials for electro-biochemical half-reactions measured at 25 °C, 1 atmosphere and a pH of 7 in aqueous solution.
The actual physiological potential depends on the ratio of the reduced () and oxidized () forms according to the Nernst equation and the thermal voltage.... | 1 | Biochemistry |
It is usually recommended not to declare a person dead until their body is warmed to a near normal body temperature of greater than , since extreme hypothermia can suppress heart and brain function. This is summarized in the common saying "Youre not dead until youre warm and dead." Exceptions include if there are obvio... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The output is given for each season of any year during any number of years, as specified with the input data. The output data comprise hydrological and salinity aspects.<br>
As the soil salinity is very variable from place to place (figure left) SahysMod includes frequency distributions in the output. The figure was ma... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Laser diffraction analysis has been questioned in validity in the following areas:
* assumptions including particles having random configurations and volume values. In some dispersion units, particles have been shown to align themselves together rather than have a turbulent flow, causing them to lead themselves in an ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Antiferroelectricity is a physical property of certain materials. It is closely related to ferroelectricity; the relation between antiferroelectricity and ferroelectricity is analogous to the relation between antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism.
An antiferroelectric material consists of an ordered (crystalline) array... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
For cast iron the equivalent carbon content (CE) concept is used to understand how alloying elements will affect the heat treatment and casting behavior. It is used as a predictor of strength in cast irons because it gives an approximate balance of austenite and graphite in final structure. A number of formulas are ava... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Colloidal phase separation is an important organising principle for compartmentalisation of both the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells into biomolecular condensates—similar in importance to compartmentalisation via lipid bilayer membranes, a type of liquid crystal. The term biomolecular condensate has been used to refer t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The bead test is a traditional part of qualitative inorganic analysis to test for the presence of certain metals. The oldest one is the borax bead test or blister test. It was introduced by Berzelius in 1812. Since then other salts were used as fluxing agents, such as sodium carbonate or sodium fluoride. The most impor... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Aside from use as decorative or utilitarian objects, gold was used throughout the Philippine archipelago as currency, whether in the form of gold dust, small beads, or barter rings. | 8 | Metallurgy |
A SSATM instrument is typically designed in a time-domain spectroscopy configuration in which a high power infrared laser beam is divided into two optical paths by a beamsplitter.
The first optical path often receives a greater fraction of the optical power of the laser to maximize the output power of generated THz li... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A proposed mechanism of ultrasensitivity, called allovalency, suggests that activity "derives from a high local concentration of interaction sites moving independently of each other"
Allovalency was first proposed when it was believed to occur in the pathway in which Sic1, is degraded in order for Cdk1-Clb (B-type cyc... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The for thiourea is for rats (oral).
A goitrogenic effect (enlargement of the thyroid gland) has been reported for chronic exposure, reflecting the ability of thiourea to interfere with iodide uptake.
A cyclic derivative of thiourea called Thiamazole is used to treat overactive thyroid | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A natural neuroactive substance (NAS) is a chemical synthesized by neurons that affects the actions of other neurons or muscle cells. Natural neuroactive substances include neurotransmitters, neurohormones, and neuromodulators. Neurotransmitters work only between adjacent neurons through synapses. Neurohormones are ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chlorosulfuric acid is a tetrahedral molecule. The formula is more descriptively written SO(OH)Cl, but HSOCl is traditional. It is an intermediate, chemically and conceptually, between sulfuryl chloride (SOCl) and sulfuric acid (HSO). The compound is rarely obtained pure. Upon standing with excess sulfur trioxide, it ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In collaboration with Hopkins Marine Station and the Center for Ocean Solutions, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute is developing a swFOCE system to examine the effects of ocean acidification on shallow subtidal communities in central California. swFOCE will use a shore side station for the control system and pro... | 9 | Geochemistry |
There are several ways of measuring fluxes, however all of these are indirect. Due to this, these methods make one key assumption which is that all fluxes into a given intracellular metabolite pool balance all the fluxes out of the pool.
This assumption means that for a given metabolic network the balances around each ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Molecules synthesized in the cell bodies of neurons must be conveyed outward to the distal synapses. This is accomplished via fast anterograde transport. It has been found that APP can mediate interaction between cargo and kinesin and thus facilitate this transport. Specifically, a short peptide 15-amino-acid sequence ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
*Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2004). Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiological Reviews, 84, 277 - 359.
*Nedergaard, J., Bengtsson, T., & Cannon, B. (2007). Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Circulation within local systems, such as bays, estuaries, and groundwater, may be examined with radium isotopes. Ra has a half-life of 11 days and can occur naturally at specific locations in rivers and groundwater sources. The isotopic ratio of radium will then decrease as the water from the source river enters a bay... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In addition, there are 4 other mammalian enzymes named CPA-3 through CPA-6, and none of these are expressed in the pancreas. Instead, these other CPA-like enzymes have diverse functions.
* CPA3 (also known as mast-cell CPA) is involved in the digestion of proteins by mast cells.
* CPA4 (previously known as CPA-3, but... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Discharge of red mud can be hazardous environmentally because of its alkalinity and species components.
Until 1972, Italian company Montedison was discharging red mud off the coast of Corsica. The case is important in international law governing the Mediterranean sea.
In October 2010, approximately one million cubic me... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Chiral auxiliaries are incorporated into synthetic routes to control the absolute configuration of stereogenic centers. David A. Evans' synthesis of the macrolide cytovaricin, considered a classic, utilizes oxazolidinone chiral auxiliaries for one asymmetric alkylation reaction and four asymmetric aldol reactions, sett... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The Simon–Glatzel equation is a monotonically increasing function. It can only describe the melting curves that rise indefinitely with increasing pressure. It may fail to describe the melting curves with a negative pressure dependence or local maximums. A damping term that asymptotically slopes down under pressure, (c... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A polytropic process is a thermodynamic process that obeys the relation:
where P is the pressure, V is volume, n is any real number (the "polytropic index"), and C is a constant. This equation can be used to accurately characterize processes of certain systems, notably the compression or expansion of a gas, but in som... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
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