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Many water balance factors depend on the level of the water table, which again depends on some of the water-balance factors. Due to these mutual influences there can be non-linear changes throughout the season. Therefore, the computer program performs daily calculations. For this purpose, the seasonal water-balance fac... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Due to the presence of two types of oxygen atoms in the PPA backbone, in addition to the fact that H tends to protonate oxygen atoms easily, depolymerization can occur through both endcap cleavage and protonation of oxygen atoms present in the backbone. For this reason, polymer chemists tend to use endcaps rich in oxyg... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, phosphonium coupling is a cross-coupling reaction for organic synthesis. It is a mild, efficient, chemoselective and versatile methodology for the formation of C–C, C–N, C–O, and C–S bond of unactivated and unprotected tautomerizable heterocycles. The method was originally reported in 2004. The C–... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
ATSDR prides itself on using "the best science." And in 2003, BBC News described ATSDR as "widely regarded as the world's leading agency on public health and the environment."
However, ATSDR has also been the focus of scrutiny from Congress and other groups. Much of the criticism is due to the fact that the agency has ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sodium amide can be prepared by the reaction of sodium with ammonia gas, but it is usually prepared by the reaction in liquid ammonia using iron(III) nitrate as a catalyst. The reaction is fastest at the boiling point of the ammonia, c. −33 °C. An electride, , is formed as a reaction intermediate.
is a salt-like mater... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Unlike its human ortholog, murine perilipin is composed of 517 amino acids in the primary structure of which several regions can be identified. Three moderately hydrophobic sequences (H1, H2, H3) of 18 rem (243-260 aa), 23 rem (320-332 aa) and 16 rem (349-364 aa) can be identified in the centre of the protein, as well ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Population genetics is essentially a study of the causes and effects of genetic variation within and between populations, and in the past, isozymes have been amongst the most widely used molecular markers for this purpose. Although they have now been largely superseded by more informative DNA-based approaches (such as ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In chemistry, ethenium, protonated ethylene or ethyl cation is a positive ion with the formula . It can be viewed as a molecule of ethylene () with one added proton (), or a molecule of ethane () minus one hydride ion (). It is a carbocation; more specifically, a nonclassical carbocation. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The genus Cronobacter is composed of 7 species. Before 2007, the single species name Enterobacter sakazakii was applied to these organisms. The Cronobacter MLST was initially applied to distinguish between C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus because 16S rDNA sequencing is not always accurate enough, and biotyping is too s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The FDA issued the approval of escitalopram for major depression in August 2002, and for generalized anxiety disorder in December 2003. In May 2006, the FDA approved a generic version of escitalopram by Teva. In July 2006, the U.S. District Court of Delaware decided in favor of Lundbeck regarding a patent infringement ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
*2001 – Chester F. Carlson Award, American Society for Engineering Education
*2006 – Distinguished Alumni Award, University of Minnesota
*2006 – Distinguished Service Award, American Society for Engineering Education
*2014 – Honorary Doctorate, University of Technology Malaysia
*2015 – Lifetime Achievement Award, Amer... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Primary chloroplasts are cell organelles found in some eukaryotic lineages, where they are specialized in performing photosynthesis. They are considered to have evolved from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. After some years of debate, it is now generally accepted that the three major groups of primary endosymbiotic eukaryo... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The retroviral genome is packaged as viral particles. These viral particles are dimers of single-stranded, positive-sense, linear RNA molecules.
Retroviruses (and orterviruses in general) follow a layout of 5–gag–pro–pol–env–3 in the RNA genome. gag and pol encode polyproteins, each managing the capsid and replication.... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the 1990s, paroxysmal depolarizing shift-type interictal epileptiform discharges has been suggested to be primarily dependent on autaptic activity for solitary excitatory hippocampal rat neurons grown in microculture.
More recently, in human neocortical tissues of patients with intractable epilepsy, the GABAergic ou... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Published books by Moureu include:
* (doctoral thesis, Contribution to the study of acrylic acid and its derivatives)
* (The azoles, lecture delivered at the laboratory of Charles Friedel)
* (Theoretical study of pyridine compounds and hydropyridines)
* Translated into English as
* (Chemistry and war: science an... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Haworth is commemorated at the University of Birmingham in the Haworth Building, which houses most of the University of Birmingham School of Chemistry. The School has a Haworth Chair of Chemistry, held by Professor Nigel Simpkins from 2007 until his retirement in 2017, and by [https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/staff/profile... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
A microfibril is a very fine fibril, or fiber-like strand, consisting of glycoproteins and cellulose. It is usually, but not always, used as a general term in describing the structure of protein fiber, e.g. hair and sperm tail. Its most frequently observed structural pattern is the 9+2 pattern in which two central prot... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Patients also on diuretics may experience an excessive reduction of blood pressure after initiation of therapy with trandolapril. It can reduce potassium loss caused by thiazide diuretics and increase serum potassium when used alone. Therefore, hyperkalemia is a possible risk. Increased serum lithium levels can occur i... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Shodex is the brand name of HPLC columns and is best known for polymer-based columns. The product range covers aqueous and organic Size Exclusion Chromatography columns for large (bio-)molecules, columns for the routine analysis of sugars and organic acids, and a variety of Reversed Phase and HILIC columns. Additionall... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The efficiency of the blast furnace was improved by the change to hot blast, patented by James Beaumont Neilson in Scotland in 1828. This further reduced production costs. Within a few decades, the practice was to have a stove as large as the furnace next to it into which the waste gas (containing CO) from the furnac... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Victoria F. Samanidou is a Greek analytical chemist. She is a professor at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Thessaloniki, Greece. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The common names of acyl groups are derived typically by replacing the -ic acid suffix of the corresponding carboxylic acid's common name with -yl (or -oyl), as shown in the table below.
In the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry, the systematic names of acyl groups are derived exactly by replacing the -yl suffix o... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
(AD 800/900–1450)
Utilitarian and ceremonial objects; objects of personal adornment
#Amapa, Nayarit
#Apatzingán, Michoacán
#Atoyac, Jalisco
#Cojumatlán, Michoacán
#Coyuca de Catalán, Guerrero
#Culiacán, Sinaloa
#Jiquilpan, Michoacán
#Peñitas, Nayarit
#Río Balsas, Guerrero
#Tancitaro, Michoacán
#Telpalcátepec, Michoacán... | 8 | Metallurgy |
As of September 2018, sixty percent of the worlds solar photovoltaic modules were made in China. As of May 2018, the largest photovoltaic plant in the world is located in the Tengger desert in China. In 2018, China added more photovoltaic installed capacity (in GW) than the next 9 countries combined. In 2021, Chinas sh... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The transparent wood, tightly packed and perpendicularly aligned cellulose fibers operate as wideband wave-guides with high transmission scattering losses for light. This unique light management capacity results in a light propagation effect. By measuring its optical properties with an integrated sphere, Li and her col... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Stratified waters, in combination with slow vertical mixing, are essential to maintaining euxinic conditions. Stratification occurs when two or more water masses with different densities occupy the same basin. While the less dense surface water can exchange gas with the oxygen-rich atmosphere, the denser bottom waters ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
*, where k is the Boltzmann constant, and Ω denotes the volume of macrostate in the phase space or otherwise called thermodynamic probability.
*, for reversible processes only | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
1. Bandla, M, D., Chambers, M, R., Sutula, C. L., Immunoassay and method of use, U.S. Patent Number: 7,585,641
2. Roe, R. M., Bailey, W. D., Gould, F., Kennedy, G. G., Sutula, C. L., Insecticide Resistance Assay. U.S. Patent Number: 6,517,856. (2003)
3. Geister, R. L., Bandla, M. D., Sutula, C. L., Multiplex enzyme-li... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
These phosphoric acids series are generally water-soluble considering the polarity of the molecules. Ammonium and alkali phosphates are also quite soluble in water. The alkaline earth salts start becoming less soluble and phosphate salts of various other metals are even less soluble. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Plastids are thought to be descended from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. The primary endosymbiotic event of the Archaeplastida is hypothesized to have occurred around 1.5 billion years ago and enabled eukaryotes to carry out oxygenic photosynthesis. Three evolutionary lineages in the Archaeplastida have since emerged in ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Wootz steel, also known as Seric steel, is a crucible steel characterized by a pattern of bands and high carbon content. These bands are formed by sheets of microscopic carbides within a tempered martensite or pearlite matrix in higher-carbon steel, or by ferrite and pearlite banding in lower-carbon steels. It was a pi... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Like all phyllosilicates, clay minerals are characterised by two-dimensional sheets of corner-sharing tetrahedra or octahedra. The sheet units have the chemical composition . Each silica tetrahedron shares three of its vertex oxygen ions with other tetrahedra, forming a hexagonal array in two dimensions. The fourth o... | 9 | Geochemistry |
In 1998, he founded the journal Accountability in Research, and has served as its editor-in-chief since its inception. He is on the editorial boards of several other journals, including the Drug Information Journal. From 2000 to 2002, he served on the advisory committee for National Human Research Protections. Although... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The use of pesticides inherently entails the risk of resistance developing. Various techniques and procedures of pesticide application can slow the development of resistance, as can some natural features of the target population and surrounding environment. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
NAD is synthesized through two metabolic pathways. It is produced either in a de novo pathway from amino acids or in salvage pathways by recycling preformed components such as nicotinamide back to NAD. Although most tissues synthesize NAD by the salvage pathway in mammals, much more de novo synthesis occurs in the live... | 5 | Photochemistry |
After water infiltrates the soil on an up-slope portion of a hill, the water may flow laterally through the soil, and exfiltrate (flow out of the soil) closer to a channel. This is called subsurface return flow or throughflow.
As it flows, the amount of runoff may be reduced in a number of possible ways: a small portio... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The highly reducing ferredoxins are reduced either by using another strong reducing agent, or by using some source of energy to "boost" electrons from less reducing sources to the ferredoxin. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Copper chromite is an inorganic compound with the formula CuCrO. It is a black solid that is used to catalyze reactions in organic synthesis. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Analysis of a photochemical electrocyclic reaction involves the HOMO, the LUMO, and correlations diagrams.
An electron is promoted into the LUMO changing the frontier molecular orbital involved in the reaction. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Maximum entropy methods are at the core of a new view of scientific inference, allowing analysis and interpretation of large and sometimes noisy data. Surprisal analysis extends principles of maximal entropy and of thermodynamics, where both equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are assumed to be inferen... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Solutes can have different effects on surface tension depending on the nature of the surface and the solute:
* Little or no effect, for example sugar at water|air, most organic compounds at oil/air
* Increase surface tension, most inorganic salts at water|air
* Non-monotonic change, most inorganic acids at water|air
* ... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is a method of chemical analysis that uses the intensity of light emitted from a flame, plasma, arc, or spark at a particular wavelength to determine the quantity of an element in a sample. The wavelength of the atomic spectral line in the emission spectrum gives the identity of the e... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In planetary science, volatiles are the group of chemical elements and chemical compounds with low boiling points that are associated with a planets or a moons crust or atmosphere.
Very low boiling temperature examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide.
In contrast w... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The catalytic cycle of galactose oxidase (GOase) illustrates the involvement of non-innocent ligands. GOase oxidizes primary alcohols into aldehydes using O and releasing HO. The active site of the enzyme GOase features a tyrosyl coordinated to a Cu ion. In the key steps of the catalytic cycle, a cooperative Brønsted-b... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Mitogens are important in cancer research due to their effects on the cell cycle. Cancer is in part defined by a lack of, or failure of, control in the cell cycle. This is usually a combination of two abnormalities: first, cancer cells lose their dependence on mitogens. Second, cancer cells are resistant to anti-mitoge... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Signs and symptoms vary depending on the degree of hypothermia, and may be divided by the three stages of severity. People with hypothermia may appear pale and feel cold to touch.
Infants with hypothermia may feel cold when touched, with bright red skin and an unusual lack of energy.
Behavioural changes such as impair... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Physical properties of interest to materials science among perovskites include superconductivity, magnetoresistance, ionic conductivity, and a multitude of dielectric properties, which are of great importance in microelectronics and telecommunication. They are also some interests for scintillator as they have large lig... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride, commonly abbreviated to TBAF and n-BuNF, is a quaternary ammonium salt with the chemical formula (CHCHCHCH)NF. It is commercially available as the white solid trihydrate and as a solution in tetrahydrofuran. TBAF is used as a source of fluoride ion in organic solvents. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The report commissioned from Atkins Global by Rochdale council, at a cost of £80,000, was published in July 2006 and claimed that previous tests on the land, carried out on behalf of the developers, were not thorough enough, and that extensive work would be required before councillors should even consider the controver... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Surveyor nuclease is a mismatch endonuclease enzyme that recognizes all base substitutions and small insertions/deletions (indels), and cleaves the 3′ side of mismatched sites in both DNA strands. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The first DNA-based genome ever fully sequenced was achieved by two-time Nobel Prize winner, Frederick Sanger, in 1977. Sanger and his team of scientists created a library of the bacteriophage, phi X 174, for use in DNA sequencing. The importance of this success contributed to the ever-increasing demand for sequencing ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Atomic spectral lines are due to transitions of electrons between different atomic energy levels E, followed by emission of photons. Atomic levels are a manifestation of the electromagnetic interaction between electrons and nuclei. The energy levels of two atoms, the nuclei of which are different isotopes of the same e... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemistry and physics, cohesion (), also called cohesive attraction or cohesive force, is the action or property of like molecules sticking together, being mutually attractive. It is an intrinsic property of a substance that is caused by the shape and structure of its molecules, which makes the distribution of surro... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In molecular biology, a scissile bond is a covalent chemical bond that can be broken by an enzyme. Examples would be the cleaved bond in the self-cleaving hammerhead ribozyme or the peptide bond of a substrate cleaved by a peptidase. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Alkalinity (from ) is the capacity of water to resist acidification. It should not be confused with basicity, which is an absolute measurement on the pH scale. Alkalinity is the strength of a buffer solution composed of weak acids and their conjugate bases. It is measured by titrating the solution with an acid such as ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
In radical trifluoromethylation the active species is the trifluoromethyl free radical. Reagents such as bromotrifluoromethane and haloform have been used for this purpose but in response to the Montreal Protocol alternatives such as trifluoroiodomethane have been developed as replacement. One particular combination is... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Considering the photothermal mechanism alone, the photoacoustic signal is useful in measuring the light absorption spectrum, particularly for transparent samples where the light absorption is very small. In this case the ordinary method of absorption spectroscopy, based on difference of the intensities of a light beam ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Heavy liquids such as tetrabromoethane can be used to separate ores from supporting rocks by preferential flotation. The rocks are crushed, and while sand, limestone, dolomite, and other types of rock material will float on TBE, ores such as sphalerite, galena and pyrite will sink. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A dicarbonate, also known as a pyrocarbonate, is a chemical containing the divalent or functional group, which consists of two carbonate groups sharing an oxygen atom. These compounds can be viewed as derivatives of the hypothetical compound dicarbonic acid, or . Two important organic compounds containing this group... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Lipidomics is the complete profile of all lipids in a biological system at a given time. This is used to identify and quantify the lipids that can be detected. Since lipids have a variety of functions in the body, being able to understand which specific types are present in the body and at what levels is crucial to und... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In eukaryotic cells, in general, stable disulfide bonds are formed in the lumen of the RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) and the mitochondrial intermembrane space but not in the cytosol. This is due to the more oxidizing environment of the aforementioned compartments and more reducing environment of the cytosol (see gl... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Sweet crude oil has lower sulphur content - lower than 0.5%. It can be refined into kerosene, high-quality diesel, and gasoline. | 9 | Geochemistry |
A number of processes of surface growth in areas ranging from mechanics of growing gravitational bodies through propagating fronts of phase transitions, epitaxial growth of nanostructures and 3D printing, growth of plants, and cell mobility require non-Euclidean description because of incompatibility of boundary condit... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The configuration index has two digits which are the priority numbers of the ligands separated by the largest angle. The lowest priority number of the pair is quoted first. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The Van Slyke determination is a chemical test for the determination of amino acids containing a primary amine group. It is named after the biochemist Donald Dexter Van Slyke (1883-1971).
One of Van Slyke's first professional achievements was the quantification of amino acids by the Van Slyke determination reaction. T... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
An interstitial defect refers to additional atoms occupying some interstitial sites at random as crystallographic defects in a crystal which normally has empty interstitial sites by default. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Ultrasensitive behavior is typically represented by a sigmoidal curve, as small alterations in the stimulus can trigger large changes in the response . One such relation is the Hill equation:
where is the Hill coefficient which quantifies the steepness of the sigmoidal stimulus-response curve and it is therefore a se... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In this case, an extra freedom degree is added via a relatively small work input W (maximum work consumption, Eq.(9) with ΔG ≤ W), and Eq.(10) becomes,
If W is expressed as a fraction f of the process heat Q (Eq.(14)), Eq.(15) becomes after reorganization,
Using a work input equals to a fraction f of the heat input is... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The P1 plasmid has a separate origin of replication (oriL) that is activated during the lytic cycle. Replication begins by a regular bidirectional theta replication at oriL but later in the lytic phase, it switches to a rolling circle method of replication using the host recombination machinery. This results in numerou... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two organyl groups (e.g., alkyl or aryl). They have the general formula , where R and R′ represent organyl groups (e.g., alkyl or aryl). Ethers can again be classified into two varieties: if the organyl groups ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
SELDI technology can potentially be used in any application by modifying the SELDI surface. SELDI-TOF-MS is optimal for analyzing low molecular weight proteins (<20 kDa) in a variety of biological materials, such as tissue samples, blood, urine, and serum. This technique is often used in combination with immunoblotting... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The macadamia (genus Macadamia) nut was discovered by the European settlers, and subsequently the tree was named after him by his friend and colleague, Ferdinand von Mueller (1825-1896), Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne. The tree gave his name to macadamia nuts. The genus Macadamia was first described s... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In the Bodroux–Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis an ortho ester reacts with a Grignard reagent to form an aldehyde; this is an example of a formylation reaction. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil. Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors. In the early 1870s a consulting chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society in England, named J. Thomas Way, performed many experiments on how soils exchange io... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Conventional air conditioning systems are a source of waste heat by releasing waste heat into the outdoor ambient air whilst cooling indoor spaces. This expelling of waste heat from air conditioning can worsen the urban heat island effect. Waste heat from air conditioning can be reduced through the use of passive cooli... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Zeeman effect (; ) is the effect of splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of a static magnetic field. It is named after the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman, who discovered it in 1896 and received a Nobel prize for this discovery. It is analogous to the Stark effect, the splitting of a s... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ketenes were first studied as a class by Hermann Staudinger before 1905.
Ketenes were systematically investigated by Hermann Staudinger in 1905 in the form of diphenylketene (conversion of -chlorodiphenyl acetyl chloride with zinc). Staudinger was inspired by the first examples of reactive organic intermediates and sta... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Stakeholder Program on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals program (SPIFAN) develops consensus-based standards and methods to make infant formula and adult nutritionals safer for babies and adults to consume. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Entropy of activation determines the preexponential factor of the Arrhenius equation for temperature dependence of reaction rates. The relationship depends on the molecularity of the reaction:
* for reactions in solution and unimolecular gas reactions
* while for bimolecular gas reactions
In these equations is the b... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Sensor-based ore sorting is the terminology used in the mining industry. It is a coarse physical coarse particle separation technology usually applied in the size range for . Aim is either to create a lumpy product in ferrous metals, coal or industrial minerals applications or to reject waste before it enters producti... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Asymmetric induction by the molecular framework of an acyclic substrate is the idea that asymmetric steric and electronic properties of a molecule may determine the chirality of subsequent chemical reactions on that molecule. This principal is used to design chemical syntheses where one stereocentre is in place and add... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
When laser cooling was proposed in 1975, a theoretical limit on the lowest possible temperature was predicted. Known as the Doppler limit, , this was given by the lowest possible temperature attainable considering the cooling of two-level atoms by Doppler cooling and the heating of atoms due to momentum diffusion from ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Cast iron, carbon steel, stainless steel and cast aluminium cookware may be seasoned before cooking by applying a fat to the surface and heating it to polymerize it. This produces a dry, hard, smooth, hydrophobic coating, which is non-stick when food is cooked with a small amount of cooking oil or fat. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Already now large quantities of water undersaturated in aragonite are upwelling close to the Pacific continental shelf area of North America, from Vancouver to Northern California. These continental shelves play an important role in marine ecosystems, since most marine organisms live or are spawned there. Other shelf a... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Prime editing involves three major components:
* A prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA), capable of (i) identifying the target nucleotide sequence to be edited, and (ii) encoding new genetic information that replaces the targeted sequence. The pegRNA consists of an extended single guide RNA (sgRNA) containing a primer bind... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Embrittlement is a significant decrease of ductility of a material, which makes the material brittle. Embrittlement is used to describe any phenomena where the environment compromises a stressed material's mechanical performance, such as temperature or environmental composition. This is oftentimes undesirable as brittl... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The majority of prostaglandin signaling occurs via GPCRs (see above) although certain prostaglandins activate nuclear receptors in the PPAR family. (See article eicosanoid receptors for more information). | 1 | Biochemistry |
The eutectoid composition of austenite is approximately 0.8% carbon; steel with less carbon content (hypoeutectoid steel) will contain a corresponding proportion of relatively pure ferrite crystallites that do not participate in the eutectoid reaction and cannot transform into pearlite. Likewise steels with higher carb... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The hydrophobic effect is the desire for non-polar molecules to aggregate in aqueous solutions in order to separate from water. This phenomenon leads to minimum exposed surface area of non-polar molecules to the polar water molecules (typically spherical droplets), and is commonly used in biochemistry to study protein ... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Desnitro-imidacloprid is a metabolite of the insecticide imidacloprid, a very common insecticide and the most important member of the class of insecticides called neonicotinoids, the only significant new class of insecticides to be developed between 1970 and 2000. While imidacloprid has proved highly selective against... | 1 | Biochemistry |
He turned himself in to coalition forces on April 12, 2003, with the help of ZDF journalists who he asked to monitor and document his surrender. He was detained in Baghdad International Airport as a "High Value Detainee". As such he has been subjected to solitary confinement for 23 hours a day. The International Commit... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Lichens demonstrate chemical defenses similar to those mentioned above. Their defenses act against herbivores and pathogens including bacterial, viral, and fungal varieties. To that end, a variety of chemicals are produced by the lichens mycobiont via hydrocarbons produced by the lichens photobiont. However, a single d... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Elly Agallidis was born in 1914 to a middle class family of Athens; she was the first child of Ioannis Agallidis and Maria-Edith Agallidis (née Zannou). She graduated with a degree in Physics from the University of Athens in 1934 and continued with postgraduate studies in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory of the Univer... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Industrial nitric acid production uses the Ostwald process. The combined Ostwald and Haber processes are extremely efficient, requiring only air and natural gas feedstocks.
The Ostwald process' technical innovation is the proper conditions under which anhydrous ammonia burns to nitric oxide (NO) instead of dinitroge... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
During the 1950s and 1960s, the National Cancer Institute carried out a wide-ranging program of screening plant and marine organism material. As part of that program, extract from the sea squirt Ecteinascidia turbinata was found to have anticancer activity in 1969.
Separation and characterization of the active molecule... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are two types of pumps available for uniform delivery of relatively small liquid volumes for GPC: piston or peristaltic pumps. The delivery of a constant flow free of fluctuations is especially important to the precision of the GPC analysis, as the flow-rate is used for the calibration of the molecular weight, or... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Although not as toxic as many similar compounds, inhaled or ingested 1,1,1-trichloroethane does act as a central nervous system depressant and can cause effects similar to those of ethanol intoxication, including dizziness, confusion, and, in sufficiently high concentrations, unconsciousness and death. Fatal poisonings... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The classical and most reliable method of log P determination is the shake-flask method, which consists of dissolving some of the solute in question in a volume of octanol and water, then measuring the concentration of the solute in each solvent. The most common method of measuring the distribution of the solute is by ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Cancer biomarkers have an extremely high upside for therapeutic interventions in cancer patients. Most cancer biomarkers consist of proteins or altered segments of DNA, and are expressed in all cells, just at higher rates in cancer cells. There has not yet been one, universal tumor biomarker, but there is a biomarker... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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