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5β-coprostanol is formed by the conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol in the gut of most higher animals by intestinal bacteria. It is generally accepted that the metabolism of cholesterol to coprostanol by gut bacteria proceeds in an indirect manner via ketone intermediates, rather than direct reduction of the Δ dou... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that typically are partially complementary to sequences in metazoan messenger RNAs. Binding of a miRNA to a message can repress translation of that message and accelerate poly(A) tail removal, thereby hastening mRNA degradation. The mechanism of action of miRNAs is the subject of activ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The carbylamine reaction (also known as the Hoffmann isocyanide synthesis) is the synthesis of an isocyanide by the reaction of a primary amine, chloroform, and base. The conversion involves the intermediacy of dichlorocarbene.
Illustrative is the synthesis of tert-butyl isocyanide from tert-butylamine in the presence... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The boundary between one grain and its neighbour (grain boundary) is a defect in the crystal structure and so it is associated with a certain amount of energy. As a result, there is a thermodynamic driving force for the total area of boundary to be reduced. If the grain size increases, accompanied by a reduction in the... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In common usage the terms "ring" and "ring system" are frequently interchanged, with the appropriate definition depending upon context. Typically a "ring" denotes a simple ring, unless otherwise qualified, as in terms like "polycyclic ring", "fused ring", "spiro ring" and "indole ring", where clearly a polycyclic ring ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Asymmetrical trichlorotrifluoroethane, also called 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane or CFC-113a is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). It has the formula . | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Composition of isometries mixes kinds in assorted ways. We can think of the identity as either two mirrors or none; either way, it has no effect in composition. And two reflections give either a translation or a rotation, or the identity (which is both, in a trivial way). Reflection composed with either of these could ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
*1960–61 – Fulbright–Smith–Mundt Fellowship
*1962–63 – Harrison Fellowship at University of Pennsylvania
*1986 – Guggenheim Fellowship
*2000 – Sir Edward Frankland Prize Lectureship
*2009 – Invited Lectureship, 4th Mitsui International Catalysis Symposium (MICS-4), Kisarazu, Japan
*2010 – Order of Culture
*2010 – Perso... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Liu et al. synthesized a HILIC/RP stationary phase which could show RPLC or HILIC retention by adjusting the organic phase in mobile phase. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
García Mancheño earned her bachelor's degree in 2001 from the Faculty of Sciences of the Autonomous University of Madrid in Madrid, Spain. She continued at the Autonomous University of Madrid to earn her Ph.D. in 2005 under the mentorship of Juan Carlos Carretero. She continued her training in organic chemistry as a po... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Questions about certain areas of forensic science, such as fingerprint evidence and the assumptions behind these disciplines have been brought to light in some publications including the New York Post. The article stated that "No one has proved even the basic assumption: That everyone's fingerprint is unique." The arti... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Seminaphtharhodafluor or SNARF is a fluorescent dye that changes color with pH.
It can be used to construct optical biosensors that use enzymes that change pH.
The absorption peak of the derivative carboxy-SNARF at pH 6.0 is at wavelength (515 and) 550 nm, while that at pH 9.0 is at 575 nm.
The emission peak of carboxy... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Via hydrogenation, benzene and its derivatives convert to cyclohexane and derivatives. This reaction is achieved by the use of high pressures of hydrogen in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, such as finely divided nickel. Whereas alkenes can be hydrogenated near room temperatures, benzene and related compounds a... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The glycocalyx (: glycocalyces or glycocalyxes), also known as the pericellular matrix and sometime cell coat, is a glycoprotein and glycolipid covering that surrounds the cell membranes of bacteria, epithelial cells, and other cells. It was described in a review article in 1970.
Animal epithelial cells have a fuzz-lik... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Compounds that have a monocyclic, planar conjugated system containing (4n + 2) π-electrons for whole numbers n are aromatic and exhibit an unusual stability. The classic example benzene has a system of six π electrons, which, together with the planar ring of C–C σ bonds containing 12 electrons and radial C–H σ bonds co... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The effect of changing the temperature in the equilibrium can be made clear by 1) incorporating heat as either a reactant or a product, and 2) assuming that an increase in temperature increases the heat content of a system. When the reaction is exothermic (ΔH is negative and energy is released), heat is included as a p... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Some gourmets believe sea salt tastes better and has a better texture than ordinary table salt. In applications that retain sea salt's coarser texture, it can provide a different mouthfeel, and may change flavor due to its different rate of dissolution. The mineral content also affects the taste. The colors and variet... | 9 | Geochemistry |
A variation of the Washoe process was developed in the Reese River mining district around Austin, Nevada. The Washoe process was found not to work well for ores with arsenic or antimony sulfides, or with galena or sphalerite. In 1869, Carl A. Stetefeldt of Reno found that roasting the ore with salt converted the silv... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Xylomannan is an antifreeze molecule, found in the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides. Unlike antifreeze proteins, xylomannan is not a protein. Instead, it is a combination of a sugar (saccharide) and a fatty acid that is found in cell membranes. As such is expected to work in a different manner than AF... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chemoenzymatic glycorandomization was inspired by the early pathway engineering work of Hutchinson and coworkers that suggested natural product glycosyltransferases were capable of utilizing non-native sugar nucleotide donors. The initial platform for chemoenzymatic glycorandomization was based upon a set of two highly... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Channels differ with respect to the ion they let pass (for example, Na, K, Cl), the ways in which they may be regulated, the number of subunits of which they are composed and other aspects of structure. Channels belonging to the largest class, which includes the voltage-gated channels that underlie the nerve impulse, c... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The first step in the formation of biofilms is adhesion. The initial bacterial adhesion to surfaces involves the adhesin–receptor interactions. Certain polysaccharides, lipids and proteins in the matrix function as the adhesive agents. EPS also promotes cell–cell cohesion (including interspecies recognition) to facilit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As algal blooms grow, they deplete the oxygen in the water and block sunlight from reaching fish and plants. Such blooms can last from a few days to many months. With less light, plants beneath the bloom can die and fish can starve. Furthermore, the dense population of a bloom reduces oxygen saturation during the night... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
TNP refers to the chemical compound 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, also known as Picric acid. It is a primary constituent of many unexploded landmines, and is a cousin to TNT, but less stable. It is recognized as an environmental contaminant and is toxic to many organisms. It is still commonly used in the manufacturing of firew... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Bacterial anaerobic corrosion is the bacterially-induced oxidation of metals. Corrosion of metals typically alters the metal to a form that is more stable. Thus, bacterial anaerobic corrosion typically occurs in conditions favorable to the corrosion of the underlying substrate. In humid, anoxic conditions the corrosion... | 8 | Metallurgy |
According to the researchers' mass spectrometry, hemolithin is largely composed of glycine and hydroxyglycine amino acids. The researchers noted that the protein was related to "very high extraterrestrial" ratios of Deuterium/Hydrogen (D/H); such high D/H ratios are not found anywhere on Earth, but are "consistent with... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Many ketones are cyclic. The simplest class have the formula , where n varies from 2 for cyclopropanone () to the tens. Larger derivatives exist. Cyclohexanone (), a symmetrical cyclic ketone, is an important intermediate in the production of nylon. Isophorone, derived from acetone, is an unsaturated, asymmetrical keto... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Hydrolysis is one of the primary reactions to occur in diboryl porphyrin complexes. In this reaction, RBOBR(por) reacts with water to exchange a B-OH bond for a B-R bond, liberating the R group.
Hydrolysis products are important intermediates in the synthesis of the B-O-B(por) compounds from BX(por) compounds. In fact,... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Mucolipin-1 also known as TRPML1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily, member 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCOLN1 gene. It is a member of the small family of the TRPML channels, a subgroup of the large protein family of TRP ion channels.
TRPML1 is a 65 kDa protein assoc... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The term "plastic scintillator" typically refers to a scintillating material in which the primary fluorescent emitter, called a fluor, is suspended in the base, a solid polymer matrix. While this combination is typically accomplished through the dissolution of the fluor prior to bulk polymerization, the fluor is somet... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Flow injection analysis (FIA) is an approach to chemical analysis. It is accomplished by injecting a plug of sample into a flowing carrier stream. The principle is similar to that of Segmented Flow Analysis (SFA) but no air is injected into the sample or reagent streams.. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Hepatitis B infection can be successfully controlled through the use of a recombinant subunit hepatitis B vaccine, which contains a form of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen that is produced in yeast cells. The development of the recombinant subunit vaccine was an important and necessary development because hepatit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Reverse osmosis is a more economical way to concentrate liquids (such as fruit juices) than conventional heat-treatment. Concentration of orange and tomato juice has advantages including a lower operating cost and the ability to avoid heat-treatment, which makes it suitable for heat-sensitive substances such as protein... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The ability to produce chemical state information, i.e. the local bonding environment of an atomic species in question from the topmost few nanometers of the sample makes XPS a unique and valuable tool for understanding the chemistry of the surface. The local bonding environment is affected by the formal oxidation stat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Scanning electron microscopy is a useful tool to employ before any of the above analyses that may result in loss of the original material since it can be used to check for daughter minerals or vapor bubbles and help determine the best technique that should be chosen for melt inclusion analysis. | 9 | Geochemistry |
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is essential to the makeup of ribosomes and peptide transfer during translation processes. Ribosomal RNA modifications are made throughout ribosome synthesis, and often occur during and/or after translation. Modifications primarily play a role in the structure of the rRNA in order to protect transl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Zn isotope ratios vary between individual blood components, bones and the different organs in humans, though in general, δZn values fall within a narrow range. In the blood of healthy individuals, the Zn isotopic composition of erythrocytes is typically ~0.3‰ lighter than that of serum, and no significant differences i... | 9 | Geochemistry |
*1st degree order of the Great Patriotic War
*State Prize of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1980)
*Y. Mammadaliyev medal (1995)
*Shohrat Order (2005)
* "OGS" golden medal and diploma (2006)
*Honorary title of Honored Scientist (2009)
*Y. Mammadaliyev prize (2014)
*Sharaf Order (2014) | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Its physiological function is unknown. It is a member of the C1Q domain proteins which have important signalling roles in inflammation and in adaptive immunity. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Langerin consists of a relatively short intracellular domain and an extracellular domain which consists of a neck-region and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The intracellular part contains a proline-rich domain (PRD). The neck region consists of alpha-helixes and mediates a formation of langerin homotrimers vi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A free concentration [A] or activity {A} of a species A is measured by means of an ion selective electrode such as the glass electrode. If the electrode is calibrated using activity standards it is assumed that the Nernst equation applies in the form
where is the standard electrode potential. When buffer solutions of ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The technology has been automated, leading to a dramatic increase in the efficiency of amplification. Now, a single cycle results in a 2500-fold increase in sensitivity of detection over western blotting, whereas 2 and 7 consecutive cycles result in 6 million and 3 billion-fold increases in sensitivity of detection ove... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Adderall is a 3.1:1 mixture of dextro- to levo- amphetamine base equivalent pharmaceutical that contains equal amounts (by weight) of four salts: dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine saccharate and amphetamine (D,L)-aspartate monohydrate. This result is a 76% dextroamphetamine to 24% levoam... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Isofalcarintriol (IUPAC name (3S,8R,9R,E)-heptadeca-10-en-4,6-diyne-3,8,9-triol) is a polyacetylene contained in the root of carrots (Daucus carota). | 1 | Biochemistry |
Lipids have been drawing considerable attention as a substrate for biodiesel production owing to its sustainability, non-toxicity and energy efficient properties. However, due to cost reasons, attention must be focused on the non-edible sources of lipids, in particular oleaginous microorganisms. Such microbes have the ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Yu is the recipient of numerous awards and honors for his work in organic chemistry reaction development, including a MacArthur Fellowship (also known as a "Genius Grant") in 2016. He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2019, a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of S... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Monatomic ions are formed by the gain or loss of electrons to the valence shell (the outer-most electron shell) in an atom. The inner shells of an atom are filled with electrons that are tightly bound to the positively charged atomic nucleus, and so do not participate in this kind of chemical interaction. The process o... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
According to the structure and function study on the antifreeze protein from Pseudopleuronectes americanus, the antifreeze mechanism of the type-I AFP molecule was shown to be due to the binding to an ice nucleation structure in a zipper-like fashion through hydrogen bonding of the hydroxyl groups of its four Thr resid... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The total synthesis of quinine, a naturally-occurring antimalarial drug, was developed over a 150-year period. The development of synthetic quinine is considered a milestone in organic chemistry although it has never been produced industrially as a substitute for natural occurring quinine. The subject has also been att... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
From the equivalent circuit it is evident that the current produced by the solar cell is equal to that produced by the current source, minus that which flows through the diode, minus that which flows through the shunt resistor:
where
*I, output current (ampere)
*I, photogenerated current (ampere)
*I, diode current (amp... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Efficiency, temperature resistance and cost are the three major factors for choosing a TPV emitter. Efficiency is determined by energy absorbed relative to incoming radiation. High temperature operation is crucial because efficiency increases with operating temperature. As emitter temperature increases, black-body radi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
From 1992 to 1993, Marrow was appointed as postdoctoral research associate in the Department of Materials, University of Oxford, and a junior research fellow at Linacre College, Oxford, but moved with an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) postdoctoral research fellowship to the School of Metallu... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The sodium fusion extract is made alkaline by adding NaOH. To this mixture, freshly prepared FeSO solution is added and boiled for sometimes and then cooled. A few drops of FeCl are added and Prussian blue (bluish green) color forms due to formation of ferric ferrocyanide along with NaCl. This shows the presence of nit... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Researchers from Baltic Nest Institute published in one of PNAS issues reports that the dead zones in the Baltic Sea have grown from approximately 5,000 km to more than 60,000 km in recent years.
Some of the causes behind the elevated increase of dead zones can be attributed to the use of fertilizers, large animal farm... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The corrosive effect of polluted, acidic city air on limestone and marble was noted in the 17th century by John Evelyn, who remarked upon the poor condition of the Arundel marbles.
Since the Industrial Revolution, emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere have increased. In 1852, Robert Angus ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The RNA world hypothesis describes an early Earth with self-replicating and catalytic RNA but no DNA or proteins. Many researchers concur that an RNA world must have preceded the DNA-based life that now dominates. However, RNA-based life may not have been the first to exist. Another model echoes Darwin's "warm little p... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The use of modafinil as a supposed cognitive enhancer may be considered as cheating, unnatural, or risky. The University of Sussex explained that it is a prescription drug and the decision should be made by the doctor on whether to prescribe modafinil to a student. As a matter of bioethics, the US President's Council o... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Many adhesion GPCRs undergo proteolytic events posttranslationally at highly conserved Cys-rich motifs known as GPCR proteolysis sites (GPS), located next to the first transmembrane region. This site is called the HL-S(T) site. Once this protein is cleaved, the pieces are expressed at the cell surface as a heterodimer.... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A decade before Michaelis and Menten, Victor Henri found that enzyme reactions could be explained by assuming a binding interaction between the enzyme and the substrate. His work was taken up by Michaelis and Menten, who investigated the kinetics of invertase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glu... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Crack growth is reported to be very slow by Luxfer, a major manufacturer of aluminium high-pressure cylinders. Cracks are reported to develop over periods in the order of 8 or more years before reaching a stage where the cylinder is likely to leak, which allows timely detection by properly trained inspectors using eddy... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Metabolic regulation of nitrogen-containing molecules, such as amino acids, is also kept at steady state. The amino acid pool, which describes the level of amino acids in the body, is maintained at a relatively constant concentration by balancing the rate of input (i.e. from dietary protein ingestion, production of met... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
First discovered and named by E. Rink and H. Böhm in 1974 they were isolated in cell suspension cultures of the Papaveraceae Macleaya microcarpa.
Since then, many minor advancements have been made in this particular topic, but BBE-like enzymes, either for their lack of study, or the lack of clear indications that it mi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The William F. Meggers Award has been awarded annually since 1970 by the Optical Society (originally called the Optical Society of America) for outstanding contributions to spectroscopy. It was established to honor William Frederick Meggers and his contributions to the fields of spectroscopy and metrology. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry(Published by LANGE)
* Dinesh Puri's Medical Biochemistry(Published by ELSEVIER) | 1 | Biochemistry |
Rule-based modeling is a modeling approach that uses a set of rules that indirectly specifies a mathematical model. The rule-set can either be translated into a model such as Markov chains or differential equations, or be treated using tools that directly work on the rule-set in place of a translated model, as the latt... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Industrial applications of alkene insertions include metal-catalyzed routes to polyethylene and polypropylene. Typically these conversions are catalyzed heterogeneously by titanium trichloride which are activated by aluminium alkyls. This technology is known as Ziegler–Natta catalysts. In these reactions, ethylene coor... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In crude olive oil production, the traditional system, i.e. pressing, and the three-phase system produce a press cake and a considerable amount of waste water while the two-phase system, which is mainly used in Spain, produces a paste-like waste called "alperujo" or "two-phase pomace" that has a higher water content an... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Lignin is a highly crosslinked polymer that comprises the main structural material of higher plants. A hydrophobic material, it is derived from precursor monolignols. Heterogeneity arises from the diversity and degree of crosslinking between these lignols. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
With respect to acute toxicity, simple alcohols have low acute toxicities. Doses of several milliliters are tolerated. For pentanols, hexanols, octanols, and longer alcohols, LD50 range from 2–5 g/kg (rats, oral). Ethanol is less acutely toxic. All alcohols are mild skin irritants.
The metabolism of methanol (and ethyl... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The HRM methodology has also been exploited to provide a reliable analysis of the methylation status of DNA. This is of significance since changes to the methylation status of tumour suppressor genes, genes that regulate apoptosis and DNA repair, are characteristics of cancers and also have implications for responses ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The T-matrix expressed in the form of stationary value of the functional reads
where and are the initial and the final states respectively, is the interaction potential and is the retarded Greens operator for collision energy . The condition for the stationary value of the functional is that the functions and sat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemistry, IUPAC changed its definition of standard temperature and pressure in 1982:
* Until 1982, STP was defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of exactly 1 atm (101.325 kPa).
* Since 1982, STP has been defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute press... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Soil tilth is naturally maintained by the interaction of plant roots with the soil biota.
Short lived tilth can be obtained through mechanical and biological manipulation. | 9 | Geochemistry |
Dixanthogen disulfides are a class of organosulfur compounds with the formula . Usually yellow solids, they are the product of the oxidation of xanthate salts. A common derivative is diethyl dixanthogen disulfide. Diisopropyl dixanthogen disulfide is commercially available. They are structurally related to thiuram ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* Liquid chromatography: Traditional chromatography columns were made of glass. Modern columns are mostly made of borosilicate glass, acrylic glass or stainless steel. To prevent the stationary phase from leaking out of the column interior a polymer, stainless steel or ceramic net is usually applied. Depending on the ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A defining advantage of COFs is the exceptional porosity that results from the substitution of analogous SBUs of varying sizes. Pore sizes range from 7-23 Å and feature a diverse range of shapes and dimensionalities that remain stable during the evacuation of solvent. The rigid scaffold of the COF structure enables the... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Carcass weight predicts what an animal's total retail product will be compared to other animals of that breed. It does not however predict percent retail value, or the actual amount of sellable meat that can be produced from the carcass.
Fat thickness determined the expected external and seam fat the animal will contai... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Radical clock reactions involve a competition between a unimolecular radical reaction with a known rate constant and a bimolecular radical reaction with an unknown rate constant to produce unrearranged and rearranged products. The rearrangement of an unrearranged radical, U•, proceeds to form R• (the clock reaction) wi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In this process, the dispersed phase is forced through the pores of a microporous membrane directly into the continuous phase. Emulsified droplets are formed and detached at the end of the pores with a drop-by-drop mechanism. The advantages of membrane emulsification over conventional emulsification processes are that ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Work performed in the Bradbury laboratory showed that nucleosomes reconstituted onto the 5S DNA positioning sequence were able to reposition themselves translationally onto adjacent sequences when incubated thermally. Later work showed that this repositioning did not require disruption of the histone octamer but was co... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Detergents and surfactants are molecules that combine highly nonpolar and highly polar groups. Traditionally, soaps are the popular surfactants, being derived from fatty acids. Since the mid-20th century, the usage of sulfonic acids has surpassed soap in advanced societies. For example, an estimated 2 billion kilograms... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Hydrosilylation, also called catalytic hydrosilation, describes the addition of Si-H bonds across unsaturated bonds. Ordinarily the reaction is conducted catalytically and usually the substrates are unsaturated organic compounds. Alkenes and alkynes give alkyl and vinyl silanes; aldehydes and ketones give silyl ethers.... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
NAPCO was the first company which was able to progress to registration of final 14001 certification. This was primarily due to the increased costs of surveillance audits and an absence of market incentives to promote this certificate as the gold standard within the Australian beef industry. A ‘cluster approach’ was uti... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Sustainable materials are key elements of green buildings. Some benefits of sustainable materials include durability, long life, recyclability, and energy and thermal efficiency. Copper ranks highly in all of these categories.
Copper is one of natures most efficient thermal and electrical conductors, which helps to con... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The activity of calcifediol and calcitriol can be reduced by hydroxylation at position 24 by vitamin D3 24-hydroxylase, forming secalciferol and calcitetrol, respectively. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The dipeptide derived from glycine and (R-)valine is converted into a 2,5-Diketopiperazine (a cyclic dipeptide). Double O-methylation gives the bis-lactim. A proton is then abstracted from the prochiral position on glycine with n-BuLi. The next step decides the stereoselectivity of the method: One face of the carbanio... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Acylals in organic chemistry are a group of chemical compounds sharing a functional group with the general structure RCH(OOCR). Acylals are obtained by reaction of carbonyls with acetic anhydride or other acid anhydrides and a suitable catalyst, for instance with sulfated zirconia at low temperatures when used as prote... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Metal whiskering is a crystalline metallurgical phenomenon involving the spontaneous growth of tiny, filiform hairs from a metallic surface. The effect is primarily seen on elemental metals but also occurs with alloys.
The mechanism behind metal whisker growth is not well understood, but seems to be encouraged by compr... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Past winners of the Martin Medal are:
* Robert Kennedy (2019)
* Jean-Luc Veuthey (2018)
* Andreas Manz (2017)
* Ian Wilson & Peter Myers (2016)
* Pavel Jandera (2015)
* Nobuo Tanaka (2014)
* Günther Bonn & Frantisek Svec (2013)
* Edward S. Yeung (2012)
* Peter J. Schoenmakers (2011)
* Peter Carr (2010)
* Wolfgang F. Li... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The distribution half-life of drospirenone is about 1.6 to 2 hours. The apparent volume of distribution of drospirenone is approximately 4 L/kg. The plasma protein binding of drospirenone is 95 to 97%. It is bound to albumin and 3 to 5% circulates freely or unbound. Drospirenone has no affinity for sex hormone-binding ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Atoms in molecules analysis of ((Dipp)P)Ge suggests that there is a double bond between P1-Ge. Bond order can be assessed by measuring the ellipticity, a measure of anisotropic electron density, at the bond critical point. For example, butane, ethylene, and ethyne have a bond ellipticity of 0.01, 0.30, and 0.00 respe... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Much of the food that we consume today is put in a wide variety of packages to ensure food quality and provide a possibility for transportation and distribution. Many of these packages are air or gas tight, making it difficult to study the gas composition without perforation. In many cases it is of great value to study... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The high functional group tolerance of the intramolecular Heck reaction allows it to be used at a very late stage in synthetic routes. In a synthesis of (±)-FR900482, IMHR establishes a tricyclic ring system in high yield without disturbing any of the sensitive functionality nearby.
Intramolecular Heck reactions have b... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
PMCA was originally developed to, in vitro, mimic prion replication with a similar efficiency to the in vivo process, but with accelerated kinetics. PMCA is conceptually analogous to the polymerase chain reaction - in both systems a template grows at the expense of a substrate in a cyclic reaction, combining growing an... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A blacklight, also called a UV-A light, Wood's lamp, or ultraviolet light, is a lamp that emits long-wave (UV-A) ultraviolet light and very little visible light. One type of lamp has a violet filter material, either on the bulb or in a separate glass filter in the lamp housing, which blocks most visible light and all... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Aldehydes (except those without an alpha carbon, or without protons on the alpha carbon, such as formaldehyde and benzaldehyde) can exist in either the keto or the enol tautomer. Keto–enol tautomerism is catalyzed by either acid or base. In neutral solution, the enol is the minority tautomer, reversing several times pe... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The human genome contains about 28 million CpG sites, and roughly 60% of the CpG sites are methylated at the 5 position of the cytosine. During formation of a cancer there is an average reduction of the number of methylated cytosines of about 5% to 20%, or about 840,00 to 3.4 million demethylations of CpG sites.
DNM... | 1 | Biochemistry |
EDC is commercially available. It may be prepared by coupling ethyl isocyanate to N,N-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine to give a urea, followed by dehydration: | 1 | Biochemistry |
Activity coefficients for binary mixtures are often reported at the infinite dilution of each component. Because activity coefficient models simplify at infinite dilution, such empirical values can be used to estimate interaction energies. Examples are given for water: | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Over the almost 12 years it took the two groups to reach their goal, both Woodward and Eschenmoser periodically reported on the stage of the collaborative project in lectures, some of them appearing in print. Woodward discussed the A/B approach in lectures published in 1968, and 1971, culminating in the announcement of... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
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