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An ideal hydrophobic surface would have a contact angle of 180 degrees to water. This means that the hydrocarbons lie flat against the surface creating a thin layer and preventing dampening water absorption. However, in practice it is fine or even preferred to have a low level of dampening water absorption because of a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Biodegradation has been well investigated because of its relevance to sewage plants with specialized microorganisms. Two microorganisms that have been studied in depth are the white rot fungus and the bacterium Nocardia Corallina. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Ultraviolet rays are usually invisible to most humans. The lens of the human eye blocks most radiation in the wavelength range of 300–400 nm; shorter wavelengths are blocked by the cornea. Humans also lack color receptor adaptations for ultraviolet rays. Nevertheless, the photoreceptors of the retina are sensitive to n... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The anion is abbreviated PP, standing for inorganic pyrophosphate. It is formed by the hydrolysis of ATP into AMP in cells.
:ATP → AMP + PP
For example, when a nucleotide is incorporated into a growing DNA or RNA strand by a polymerase, pyrophosphate (PP) is released. Pyrophosphorolysis is the reverse of the polymeriz... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Reductive elimination occurs more rapidly for complexes of three- or five-coordinate metal centers than for four- or six-coordinate metal centers. For even coordination number complexes, reductive elimination leads to an intermediate with a strongly metal-ligand antibonding orbital. When reductive elimination occurs fr... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Accelerated solvent extraction has found many applications in the food industry, including in:
* The testing of dietary seafoods for arsenic content
* Extraction of catechins from green tea samples
* Authentication of natural vanilla flavors
* The analysis of terpenoids and sterols in tobacco | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The heat of neutralization of a fully dissociated acid with a fully dissociated base is approximately –56kJ/mol. The reaction is thus strongly exothermic, and is an excellent basis for a wide range of analysis in industry. An advantage for the industrial analyst is that the use of stronger titrants (1 to 2 mol/L) permi... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
eOn was a volunteer computing project running on the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) platform, which uses theoretical chemistry techniques to solve problems in condensed matter physics and materials science. It was a project of the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences at the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Lisinopril is contraindicated in people who have a history of angioedema (hereditary or idiopathic) or who have diabetes and are taking aliskiren. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Roses metal, Rose metal or Roses alloy is a fusible alloy with a low melting point.
Rose's metal consists of 50% bismuth, 25–28% lead and 22–25% tin. Its melting point is between . The alloy does not appreciably contract or expand on solidification, this characteristic being a function of its bismuth percentage, but do... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The existence of frigorific mixtures can be viewed as a consequence of the Gibbs phase rule, which describes the relationship at equilibrium between the number of components, the number of coexisting phases, and the number of degrees of freedom permitted by the conditions of heterogeneous equilibrium. Specifically, at... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The reaction is irreproducible in each run due to the initial inhomogeneity of the mixture which result from variation in stirring rate, overall volume as well as geometry of the reactors. Repeating the reaction in the statistically meaningful manners leads to the reproducible cumulative probability distribution curve.... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Moiety conservation is the conservation of a subgroup in a chemical species, which is cyclically transferred from one molecule to another. In biochemistry, moiety conservation can have profound effects on the system's dynamics. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Economizers (US and Oxford spelling), or economisers (UK), are mechanical devices intended to reduce energy consumption, or to perform useful function such as preheating a fluid. The term economizer is used for other purposes as well. Boiler, power plant, heating, refrigeration, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVA... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The icosahedral charge-neutral closo-carboranes, 1,2-, 1,7-, and 1,12- (informally ortho-, meta-, and para-carborane) are particularly stable and are commercially available. The ortho-carborane forms first upon the reaction of decaborane and acetylene. It converts quantitatively to the meta-carborane upon heating in a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The search for organic molecules at the surface of Mars is a top priority of Mars exploration space missions. Therefore, a key step in interpretation of future data collected by these missions is to understand the preservation of organic matter in the Martian environment. A 1.5-year exposure to Mars-like surface UV rad... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The earliest hominid remains found around the Caspian Sea are from Dmanisi dating back to around 1.8 Ma and yielded a number of skeletal remains of Homo erectus or Homo ergaster. More later evidence for human occupation of the region came from a number of caves in Georgia and Azerbaijan such as Kudaro and Azykh Caves. ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The integral of thus yields the logarithm of the ratio of the upper and lower cut-offs. This number is known as the Coulomb logarithm and is designated by either or . It is the factor by which small-angle collisions are more effective than large-angle collisions. The Coulomb logarithm was introduced independently by ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Isotopes in the decay chains of actinides are unique amongst radiogenic isotopes because they are both radiogenic and radioactive. Because their abundances are normally quoted as activity ratios rather than atomic ratios, they are best considered separately from the other radiogenic isotope systems. | 9 | Geochemistry |
In addition to water and ammonia, the clouds in the atmospheres of the gas giant planets contain ammonium sulfides. The reddish-brownish clouds are attributed to polysulfides, arising from the exposure of the ammonium sulfides to light. | 8 | Metallurgy |
These glycosides contain an aglycone group that is a derivative of anthraquinone. They have a laxative effect. They are mainly found in dicot plants except the family Liliaceae which are monocots. They are present in senna, rhubarb and Aloe species. Anthron and anthranol are reduced forms of anthraquinone. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Three prime untranslated regions (3UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) often contain regulatory sequences that post-transcriptionally cause RNA interference. Such 3-UTRs often contain both binding sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as for regulatory proteins. By binding to specific sites within the 3-UTR, miRNAs can decr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The desired enantiomer from resolution, allylic alcohol 5.1 (Scheme 5) was acetylated with acetic anhydride and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine in methylene chloride to yield monoacetate 5.2. It is noteworthy that this reaction was exclusive for the allylic alcohol, and the adjacent hydroxyl group was not acetylated. Alcohol... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
T790M, also known as Thr790Met, is a gatekeeper mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The mutation substitutes a threonine (T) with a methionine (M) at position 790 of exon 20, affecting the ATP binding pocket of the EGFR kinase domain. Threonine is a small polar amino acid; methionine is a larger n... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The first evidence of presence of a neutralizing substance in the blood that could counter infections came when Emil von Behring along with Kitasato Shibasaburō in 1890 developed effective serum against diphtheria. This they did by transferring serum produced from animals immunized against diphtheria to animals sufferi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
At temperatures below the lambda point, helium shows the unique property of superfluidity. The fraction of the liquid that forms the superfluid component is a macroscopic quantum fluid. The helium atom is a neutral particle, so . Furthermore, when considering helium-4, the relevant particle mass is , so Eq. () reduces ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Nayak advocates that more people should be taught to perform the so-called miracles of godmen. He also advocates that people should be trained to recognize pseudoscience and demand scientific evidence. He holds the opinion that well-known scientists should be convinced to join the cause and form pressure groups against... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The boiling point elevation is a colligative property, which means that it is dependent on the presence of dissolved particles and their number, but not their identity. It is an effect of the dilution of the solvent in the presence of a solute. It is a phenomenon that happens for all solutes in all solutions, even in i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
For a one-dimensional crystal of size
where the factor in parentheses comes from the fact the sum is over nearest-neighbour pairs (), next nearest-neighbours (), ... and for a crystal of planes, there are pairs of nearest neighbours, pairs of next-nearest neighbours, etc. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
#Motilin
#Neurotensin
#Substance P
#Somatostatin
#Bombesin
#Serotonin
#Angiotensin
#Nitric Oxide
#Kinins
#Histamine | 1 | Biochemistry |
A quench press is a machine that uses concentrated forces to hold an object as it is quenched. These types of quench facilities are used to quench large gears and other circular parts so that they remain circular. They are also used to quench saw blades and other flat or plate-shaped objects so that they remain flat.
Q... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone for the maternal recognition of pregnancy produced by trophoblast cells that are surrounding a growing embryo (syncytiotrophoblast initially), which eventually forms the placenta after implantation. The presence of hCG is detected in some pregnancy tests (HCG pregnancy st... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In liquid water there is some self-ionization giving hydronium ions and hydroxide ions.
The equilibrium constant for this reaction, known as the ionic product of water, , has a value of about at 25 °C. At neutral pH, the concentration of the hydroxide ion () equals that of the (solvated) hydrogen ion (), with a value ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The goals of using semiochemicals in pest control are
# to monitor pest populations to determine if control is warranted and
# to alter the behavior of the pest or its enemies to the detriment of the pest. In general, the advantages of using semiochemicals are
## they have adverse effects only on target pests,
## the... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The DNA template labeled at the 3 or 5 end, depending on the location of the binding site(s). Labels that can be used are: radioactivity and fluorescence. Radioactivity has been traditionally used to label DNA fragments for footprinting analysis, as the method was originally developed from the Maxam-Gilbert chemical s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
We start with a three-state Λ-type system, where and are dipole-allowed transitions and is forbidden. In the rotating wave approximation, the semi-classical Hamiltonian is given by
with
where and are the Rabi frequencies of the probe field (of frequency ) and the coupling field (of frequency ) in resonance with th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Anthocyanins fluoresce, enabling a tool for plant cell research to allow live cell imaging without a requirement for other fluorophores. Anthocyanin production may be engineered into genetically modified materials to enable their identification visually. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
There are many different ways to prepare PBS solutions, common ones are Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) and the Cold Spring Harbor protocol. Some formulations of DPBS do not contain potassium and magnesium, while other ones contain calcium and/or magnesium (depending on whether or not the buffer is used on ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Collaborative Computational Project Number 4 in Protein Crystallography (CCP4) was set up in 1979 in the United Kingdom to support collaboration between researchers working in software development and assemble a comprehensive collection of software for structural biology. The CCP4 core team is located at the Resear... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
* Jayko, A.S., et al. (2013). [https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo45331 Methods and Spatial Extent of Geophysical Investigations, Mono Lake, California, 2009 to 2011.] Reston, Va.: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
These are the Bravais lattice types in three dimensions:
* P – Primitive
* I – Body centered (from the German "Innenzentriert")
* F – Face centered (from the German "Flächenzentriert")
* A – Base centered on A faces only
* B – Base centered on B faces only
* C – Base centered on C faces only
* R – Rhombohedral | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Chromatography separates the analyte from the rest of the sample so that it may be measured without interference from other compounds. There are different types of chromatography that differ from the media they use to separate the analyte and the sample. In Thin-layer chromatography, the analyte mixture moves up and se... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In thermodynamics, the Massieu function (sometimes called Massieu–Gibbs function, Massieu potential, or Gibbs function, or characteristic (state) function in its original terminology), symbol (Psi), is defined by the following relation:
where for every system with degree of freedom one may choose variables, e.... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Seliwanoff’s test is a chemical test which distinguishes between aldose and ketose sugars. If the sugar contains a ketone group, it is a ketose. If a sugar contains an aldehyde group, it is an aldose. This test relies on the principle that, when heated, ketoses are more rapidly dehydrated than aldoses. It is named afte... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The basis for using corrected parameters on the map is mach number kinematic similarity. Corrected flow and speed define mach numbers through the compressor and flow angles onto the blades using velocity triangles. Velocity triangles allow flows to be transferred between different reference frames. In this case gas vel... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The isolobal analogy has applications beyond simple octahedral complexes. It can be used with a variety of ligands, charged species and non-octahedral complexes. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Oxidation of pyridine occurs at nitrogen to give pyridine N-oxide. The oxidation can be achieved with peracids:
:CHN + RCOH → CHNO + RCOH
Some electrophilic substitutions on the pyridine are usefully effected using pyridine N-oxide followed by deoxygenation. Addition of oxygen suppresses further reactions at nitr... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Glutaminolysis (glutamine + -lysis) is a series of biochemical reactions by which the amino acid glutamine is lysed to glutamate, aspartate, CO, pyruvate, lactate, alanine and citrate. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Significant ERH technological advancements have occurred over the last five years. Three areas of focus have been: bedrock remediation, 1,4-dioxane and other emerging contaminants, and controlled low temperature heat to enhance other remedial or natural processes. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
BIND has grown significantly since its conception; in fact, the database saw a 10 fold increase in entries between 2003 and 2004. By September 2004, there were over 100,000 interaction records by 2004 (including 58,266 protein-protein, 4,225 genetic, 874 protein-small molecule, 25,857 protein-DNA, and 19,348 biopolymer... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Of interest in chemical biology is the Staudinger ligation, which has been called one of the most important bioconjugation methods. Two versions of the Staudinger ligation have been developed. Both begin with the classic iminophosphorane reaction.
In classical Staudinger ligation, the organophosphorus compound beco... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
It has also been seen that metabolic phenotype of tumor cells changes to adapt to the prevailing local conditions. A convergence between phenotypic and metabolic state transitions that confers a survival advantage to cancer cells against clinically used drug combinations like taxanes and anthracyclines have also been r... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Cegelski Lab investigates the structure and function of bacterial cell walls and extracellular structures, including amyloid fibers and biofilms. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Nitriles are precursors to transition metal nitrile complexes, which are reagents and catalysts. Examples include tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate () and bis(benzonitrile)palladium dichloride (). | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Researchers at Utah State University compared measurements for PPF and YPF using different types of equipment. They measured the PPF and YPF of seven common radiation sources with a spectroradiometer, then compared with measurements from six quantum sensors designed to measure PPF, and three quantum sensors designed to... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Plasmids may also be used for gene transfer as a potential treatment in gene therapy so that it may express the protein that is lacking in the cells. Some forms of gene therapy require the insertion of therapeutic genes at pre-selected chromosomal target sites within the human genome. Plasmid vectors are one of many a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Scatchard method is less used nowadays because of the availability of computer programs that directly fit parameters to binding data. Mathematically, the Scatchard equation is related to Eadie-Hofstee method, which is used to infer kinetic properties from enzyme reaction data. Many modern methods for measuring bind... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The annealing temperature has a dramatic influence on the rate of recrystallization which is reflected in the above equations. However, for a given temperature there are several additional factors that will influence the rate.
The rate of recrystallization is heavily influenced by the amount of deformation and, to a le... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Organic semiconductor photocatalysts, in particular porous organic polymers (POPs), attracted attention due to their low cost, low toxicity, and tunable light absorption vs inorganic counterparts. They display high porosity, low density, diverse composition, facile functionalization, high chemical/thermal stability, as... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Several hundred metals, compounds, alloys and ceramics possess the property of superconductivity at low temperatures. The SU(2) color quark matter adjoins the list of superconducting systems. Although it is a mathematical abstraction, its properties are believed to be closely related to the SU(3)
color quark matter, w... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Sealing is the final step in the anodizing process. Acidic anodizing solutions produce pores in the anodized coating. These pores can absorb dyes and retain lubricants but are also an avenue for corrosion. When lubrication properties are not critical, they are usually sealed after dyeing to increase corrosion resistanc... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Coherent microwave scattering is a diagnostic technique used in the characterization of classical microplasmas. In this technique, the plasma to be studied is irradiated with a long-wavelength microwave field relative to the characteristic spatial dimensions of the plasma. For plasmas with sufficiently low skin-depths,... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Once the precursor oligosaccharide is formed, the completed glycan is then transferred to the nascent polypeptide in the lumen of the ER membrane. This reaction is driven by the energy released from the cleavage of the pyrophosphate bond between the dolichol-glycan molecule.
There are three conditions to fulfill before... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Evaporation and condensation can give rise to both kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects. While equilibrium mass fractionation is present evaporation and condensation, it is negligible compared to kinetic effects. During condensation, the condensate is enriched in the light isotope, whereas in evaporation, the gas ph... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The Duquenois reagent used in the Rapid Modified Duquenois–Levine test (also known as the simple Rapid Duquenois Test), is an established screening test for the presence of cannabis. The test was initially developed in the 1930s by the French Medical Biochemist, Pierre Duquénois (1904–1986), and was adopted in th... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
There are other methods that are sometimes used to shed light on QCD, but for various reasons have not yet yielded useful results in studying quark matter. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Side effects include irregular heartbeat, respiratory depression, and hepatotoxicity. It appears to be safe in porphyria. It is unclear whether use during pregnancy is harmful to the baby, and it is not generally recommended for use during a C-section.
In rare cases, repeated exposure to halothane in adults was noted t... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The rotational direction of E. coli is controlled by the flagellar motor switch. A ring of 34 FliM proteins around the rotor bind CheY, whose phosphorylation state determines whether the motor rotates in a clockwise or counterclockwise manner. The rapid switching mechanism is attributed to an ultrasensitive response, w... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Diphosphines are a class of chelating ligands that contain two phosphine groups connected by a bridge (also referred to as a backbone). The bridge, for instance, might consist of one or more methylene groups or multiple aromatic rings with heteroatoms attached. Examples of common diphosphines are dppe, dcpm (Figure 1),... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Both the term and concept of hypervalency still fall under criticism. In 1984, in response to this general controversy, Paul von Ragué Schleyer proposed the replacement of hypervalency with use of the term hypercoordination because this term does not imply any mode of chemical bonding and the question could thus be avo... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
When abscisic acid signals the guard cells, free Ca ions enter the cytosol from both outside the cell and internal stores, reversing the concentration gradient so the K+ ions begin exiting the cell. The loss of solutes makes the cell flaccid and closes the stomatal pores. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The molecule displays P(═O)H to P–OH tautomerism similar to that of phosphorous acid; the P(═O) form is strongly favoured.
HPA is usually supplied as a 50% aqueous solution and heating at low temperatures (up to about 90°C) prompts it to react with water to form phosphorous acid and hydrogen gas.
: HPO + HO → HPO + H
H... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The most stable lactones are the 5-membered γ-lactones and 6-membered δ-lactones because, as in most organic cycles, 5 and 6 membered rings minimize the strain of bond angles. β-lactones appear in a number of natural products, but are only stable in artificial conditions (i.e. a test tube). αLactones can be detected a... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
For his scientific achievements Choi received the New Technology Development Award from the Ministry of Science & Technology (1992), the Special Award from Korean Society for Molecular & Cell Biology from the Korean Society of Molecular and Cellular Biology (1999), the 11th Sangrok Agriculture & Life Science Award from... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Delbrück scattering, the deflection of high-energy photons in the Coulomb field of nuclei as a consequence of vacuum polarization, was observed in 1975. The related process of the scattering of light by light, also a consequence of vacuum polarization, was not observed until 1998. In both cases, it is a process describ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the Bosch synthesis of (1999, chiral) the olefin group in dione 1 was converted to an aldehyde by ozonolysis and chiral amine 2 was formed in a double reductive amination with (S)-1-phenethylamine. The phenylethyl substituent was removed using ClCOCHClCH and the enone group was introduced in a Grieco elimination usi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The "twin prime editing" (twinPE) mechanism reported in 2021 allows editing large sequences of DNA – sequences as large as genes – which addresses the method's key drawback. It uses a prime editor protein and two prime editing guide RNAs. | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are various classification schemes. A commonly used scheme is based on the number of carbons and was devised by Jeffrey Harborne and Simmonds in 1964 and published in 1980: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Today most methanol is produced from methane through syngas. Trinidad and Tobago is the world's largest methanol producer, with exports mainly to the United States. The feedstock for the production of methanol comes natural gas.
The conventional route to methanol from methane passes through syngas generation by steam r... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Xerophthalmia, caused by a severe vitamin A deficiency, is described by pathologic dryness of the conjunctival epithelium and cornea. The conjunctiva becomes dry, thick, and wrinkled. Indicative is the appearance of Bitots spots, which are clumps of keratin debris that build up inside the conjunctiva. If untreated, xer... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As of 2012, Johnson and Johnson was facing around 3400 state and federal lawsuits filed by people who claimed tendon damage from levofloxacin; about 1900 pending in a class action at the United States District Court in Minnesota and about 1500 pending at a district court in New Jersey.
In October 2012, J&J settled 845 ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Researchers could analyze individual epigenomes and transcriptomes to study the reactivation of dormant transposable elements through epigenetic release and their potential associations with human disease and exploring the specifics of gene regulatory networks. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The BIOPAN program started in the early nineties with an ESA contract for the a joint development by Kayser-Threde and Kayser Italia. It was based on the heritage of a low-tech Russian exposure container called KNA (Kontejner Nauchnoj Apparatury). The BIOPAN facilities are installed on the external surface of Foton des... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 2007 and 2008, a man (Timothy Ray Brown) was cured of HIV by repeated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (see also allogeneic stem cell transplantation, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, allotransplantation) with double-delta-32 mutation which disables the CCR5 receptor. This cure was accepted by the medi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dew harvesting yields may be improved with passive daytime radiative cooling application. Selective PDRC emitters that have a high emissivity only at the atmospheric window (8–13 μm) and broadband emitters may produce varying results. In one study using a broadband PDRC, the research condensed "~8.5 mL day of water for... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Research into the use self-healing hydrogels has revealed an effective method for mitigating acid spills through the ability to selectively crosslink under acidic conditions. In a testing done by the University of California San Diego, various surfaces were coated with self healing hydrogels and then mechanically damag... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Mollapour holds a BSc (Hons) in Microbiology and Biochemistry from the University of East London, MSc in Applied Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases and Diploma in Tropical Medicine & Infectious Diseases from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. In 2001 he received his PhD in [https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Solutions of simple aldehydes in alcohols mainly consist of the hemiacetal. The equilibrium is easily reversed and dynamic. The equilibrium is sensitive to steric effects. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
When looking at data related to individual molecules, one usually can construct propagators, and jumping time probability density functions, of the first order, the second order and so on, whereas from bulk experiments, one usually obtains the decay of a correlation function. From the information contained in these uni... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
All these analyses pointed out even that there are some elephant families friendlier than others and showed how there are dominant families that settle down in the best places, where there is plenty of food and water. | 9 | Geochemistry |
Nanoscale allows for the preparation of quantum systems in physical states without classical analogs. There, complex out-of-equilibrium scenarios may be produced by the initial preparation of either the working substance or the reservoirs of quantum particles, the latter dubbed as "engineered reservoirs". There are dif... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
PUVA (psoralen and UVA) is an ultraviolet light therapy treatment for skin diseases: vitiligo, eczema, psoriasis, graft-versus-host disease, mycosis fungoides, large plaque parapsoriasis, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, using the sensitizing effects of the drug psoralen. The psoralen is applied or taken orally to sensit... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In chemical analysis, capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a chromatographic technique in which the mobile phase is driven through the chromatographic bed by electro-osmosis. Capillary electrochromatography is a combination of two analytical techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electroph... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Omar M. Yaghi and William A. Goddard III also reported COFs as exceptional methane storage materials. The best COF in terms of total volume of CH per unit volume COF adsorbent is COF-1, which can store 195 v/v at 298 K and 30 bar, exceeding the U.S. Department of Energy target for CH storage of 180 v/v at 298 K and 35 ... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Physical metallurgy is one of the two main branches of the scientific approach to metallurgy, which considers in a systematic way the physical properties of metals and alloys. It is basically the fundamentals and applications of the theory of phase transformations in metal and alloys, as the title of classic, challeng... | 8 | Metallurgy |
No commercial applications of organoniobium compounds have been reported. They have found limited use in organic synthesis. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Advances in massively parallel sequencing has led to the development of RNA-Seq technology, that enables a whole transcriptome shotgun approach to characterize and quantify gene expression. Unlike microarrays, which need a reference genome and transcriptome to be available before the microarray itself can be designed, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Vladimir Prelog (23 July 1906 – 7 January 1998) was a Croatian-Swiss organic chemist who received the 1975 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions. Prelog was born and grew up in Sarajevo. He lived and worked in Prague, Zagreb and Zürich during his lifetime... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In the bacterium Escherichia coli the reaction is catalyzed in two steps carried out by two separate enzymes, PurK and PurE.
PurK, N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase, catalyzes the conversion of 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide ("AIR"), ATP, and bicarbonate to N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide ("N5... | 1 | Biochemistry |
An isolated system is more restrictive than a closed system as it does not interact with its surroundings in any way. Mass and energy remains constant within the system, and no energy or mass transfer takes place across the boundary. As time passes in an isolated system, internal differences in the system tend to even ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
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