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A splicing factor is a protein involved in the removal of introns from strings of messenger RNA, so that the exons can bind together; the process takes place in particles known as spliceosomes. Genes are progressively switched off as people age, and splicing factors can reverse this trend. Splicing factors regulate the... | 1 | Biochemistry |
End sequence profiling (ESP) can be used to detect structural variations such as insertions, deletions, and chromosomal rearrangement. Compare to other methods that look at chromosomal abnormalities, ESP is particularly useful to identify copy neutral abnormalities such as inversions and translocations that would not b... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Since the 1960s, marine organisms with robust chemical defense systems have been targeted for “molecular mining,” a method of drug discovery that probes organisms of interest for useful compounds. Chemical agents involved in the defense systems of these organisms often exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and che... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ionophores are chemical compounds that reversibly bind and transport ions through biological membranes in the absence of a protein pore. This can disrupt the membrane potential, and thus these substances could exhibit cytotoxic properties. Ionophores modify the permeability of biological membranes toward certain ions t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Alternative organophosphorus compounds include trioctylphosphine oxide and bis(2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl)phosphinic acid. Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amines have also been used for some uranium extractions. Compared to phosphate extractants, amines are more selective for uranium, extract the uranium faster, and ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
HIV protease inhibitors are used to treat patients having AIDS virus by preventing its DNA replication. HIV protease is used by the virus to cleave Gag-Pol polyprotein into 3 smaller proteins that are responsible for virion assembly, package and maturation. This enzyme targets the specific phenylalanine-proline cleave ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As discussed previously, biomaterials are used in medical devices to treat, assist, or replace a function within the human body. The application of a specific biomaterial must combine the necessary composition, material properties, structure, and desired in vivo reaction in order to perform the desired function. Catego... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The word fugacity is derived from the Latin fugere, to flee. In the sense of an "escaping tendency", it was introduced to thermodynamics in 1901 by the American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis and popularized in an influential textbook by Lewis and Merle Randall, Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances, in 1... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Isocyanates are common intermediates in the synthesis of primary amines via hydrolysis:
* Hofmann rearrangement, a reaction in which a primary amide is treated with a strong oxidizer such as sodium hypobromite or lead tetraacetate to form an isocyanate intermediate. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
With the advent of high resolution imaging, researchers have started to obtain experimental data which have led them to question the assumptions of the Cassie–Baxter equation when calculating the apparent contact angle. These groups believe the apparent contact angle is largely dependent on the triple line. The triple ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
DSIF (DRB Sensitivity Inducing Factor) is a protein complex that can either negatively or positively affect transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). It can interact with the negative elongation factor (NELF) to promote the stalling of Pol II at some genes, which is called promoter proximal pausing. The pause occurs... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As well as the faecally derived stanol, two other isomers can be identified in the environment; 5α-cholestanol | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Silicon carbide is an important material in TRISO-coated fuel particles, the type of nuclear fuel found in high temperature gas cooled reactors such as the Pebble Bed Reactor. A layer of silicon carbide gives coated fuel particles structural support and is the main diffusion barrier to the release of fission products.
... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Lukinavičius completed his bachelors degree and masters degree in biochemistry at the Vilnius University in 2000 and 2002 respectively. During this period he worked as a research assistant in Saulius Klimašauskas group and investigating conformational movements of the catalytic loop of DNA methyltransferase.
Later he... | 1 | Biochemistry |
General function of TFH:
# Initiation transcription of protein- coding gene.
# DNA nucleotide repairing.
(NER)TFH is a general transcription factor that acts to recruit RNA Pol II to the promoters of genes. It functions as a helicase that unwinds DNA. It also unwinds DNA after a DNA lesion has been recognized by eith... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The collected experimental data reflects not only the binding thermodynamics of the interaction of interest, but any contributing competing equilibria associated to it. A post-hoc analysis can be performed to determine the buffer or solvent-independent enthalpy from the experimental thermodynamics, by simply going thro... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
DNA‐templated organic synthesis (DTS) is a way to control the reactivity of synthetic molecules by using nature's molarity‐based approach. Historically, DTS was used as a model of prebiotic nucleic acid replication. Now however, it is capable of translating DNA sequences into complex small‐molecule and polymer products... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Fatty acids must be activated before they can be carried into the mitochondria, where fatty acid oxidation occurs. This process occurs in two steps catalyzed by the enzyme fatty acyl-CoA synthetase. | 1 | Biochemistry |
According to the Web of Science, the journal's two most cited papers () are:
* (cited 766 times)
* (cited 722 times) | 9 | Geochemistry |
In 2009, Ted Ellis produced an exhibit focusing on the theme of African-American history in light of slavery and emancipation. The exhibit, American Slavery: The Reason Why Were Here, tied into the Juneteenth commemoration of slaverys abolition in the State of Texas. It was located at and included tours of the historic... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The purpose function of intrinsic termination is to signal for the dissociation of the ternary elongation complex (TEC), ending the transcript. Intrinsic termination independent of the protein Rho, as opposed to Rho-dependent termination, where the bacterial Rho protein comes in and acts on the RNA polymerase, causing ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In some cases, an additional rate enhancement is seen for the lighter isotope, possibly due to quantum mechanical tunnelling. This is typically only observed for reactions involving bonds to hydrogen atoms.
Tunneling occurs when a molecule penetrates through a potential energy barrier rather than over it. Although not ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Molecular catalysts have been explored for the preparation of a variety of potential applications. the manufacturing of high-strength materials, the preparation of cancer-targeting nanoparticles, and the conversion of renewable plant-based feedstocks into hair and skin care products. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In second order reactions, the rate of reaction is proportional to the square of the concentration. By integrating this rate, it can be shown that the concentration of the reactant decreases following this formula:
We replace for in order to calculate the half-life of the reactant and isolate the time of the half-l... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
While the standard addition method is effective in reducing the interference of most matrix effects on the analyte signal, it cannot correct for the translational matrix effects. These effects are caused by other substances present in the unknown sample that are often independent of the analyte concentration. They are ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In a 2022 observational study aimed to identify preoperative serum metabolites that could predict postoperative opioid consumption, the role of imidazole-4-acetaldehyde was identified as one of the metabolites that showed different trends between gastric cancer patients with high postoperative opioid consumption and th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nickel allergy is any of several allergic conditions provoked by exposure to the chemical element nickel. Nickel allergy often takes the form of nickel allergic contact dermatitis (Ni-ACD), a form of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Ni-ACD typically causes a rash that is red and itchy and that may be bumpy or scaly. ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In chemical kinetics, the overall rate of a reaction is often approximately determined by the slowest step, known as the rate-determining step (RDS or RD-step or r/d step) or rate-limiting step. For a given reaction mechanism, the prediction of the corresponding rate equation (for comparison with the experimental rate ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, volume, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid or gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
For the stoichiometric reactions involving alkali metal or alkaline earth acetylides, work-up for the reaction requires liberation of the alcohol. To achieve this hydrolysis, aqueous acids are often employed.
Common solvents for the reaction include ethers, acetals, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In working skeletal muscles and the brain, Phosphocreatine is stored as a readily available high-energy phosphate supply, and the enzyme creatine phosphokinase transfers a phosphate from phosphocreatine to ADP to produce ATP. Then the ATP releases giving chemical energy. This is sometimes erroneously considered to be s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
STAT2 has been shown to interact with:
* CREB-binding protein,
* IFNAR1
* IFNAR2,
* IRF9,
* MED14,
* SMARCA4, and
* STAT1. | 1 | Biochemistry |
McIlvaine buffer is a buffer solution composed of citric acid and disodium hydrogen phosphate, also known as citrate-phosphate buffer. It was introduced in 1921 by the United States agronomist Theodore Clinton McIlvaine (1875–1959) from West Virginia University, and it can be prepared in pH 2.2 to 8 by mixing two stock... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ballast tanks do not corrode uniformly throughout the tank. Each region behaves distinctively, according to it electrochemical loading. The differences can especially be seen in empty ballast tanks. The upper sections usually corrode but the lower sections will blister.
A ballast tank has three distinct sections: 1) up... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The worlds first oil well was drilled in 1859 by Edwin Drake at what is now called the Drake Well in Cherrytree Township, Pennsylvania. Drakes well is considered the first because it was drilled, not dug, and used a steam engine. There also was a company associated with it, and it sparked a major oil drilling boom.
Pr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The synthesis of an mRNA display library starts from the synthesis of a DNA library. A DNA library for any protein or small peptide of interest can be synthesized by solid-phase synthesis followed by PCR amplification. Usually, each member of this DNA library has a T7 RNA polymerase transcription site and a ribosomal b... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A system is said to present annealed disorder when some parameters entering its definition are random variables, but whose evolution is related to that of the degrees of freedom defining the system. It is defined in opposition to quenched disorder, where the random variables may not change their values.
Systems with an... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The theorem also holds for adiabatic processes. That is, for closed systems, which are not in thermal contact with any heat reservoirs.
Similarly to the non-adiabatic case, the lost work is measured relative to some reference reservoir . Even though the process itself is adiabatic, the corresponding reversible process ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There are three main categories for triggering the release of sigmas factors from anti-sigma factors: partner switching, direct signaling, and a mechanism regulated by proteolysis.
The partner-switching mechanism is commonly found in Gram-positive bacteria. It consists of four key players: a sigma factor, an anti-sigma... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Electrofreezing is the tendency of a material to solidify upon being exposed to an external electric field. Electrofreezing was initially introduced by Dufour in 1892. Examples are the electrofreezing of liquid ammonia supposed to be naturally occurring during electrical storms in Jupiter-like planets, and ice χ suppo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Neurturin has been shown to upregulate B1 (bradykinin) receptors in neurons of mice, indicating a possible influence on pain and inflammation pathways. In addition knockout mice have shown that in the absence of neurturin an increased acetylcholine response is observed. The exact role and function of neurturin in multi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Symbols for chemical elements shall be written in roman (upright) type. The symbol is not followed by a full-stop.
Examples:
: H He C Ca
Attached subscripts or superscripts specifying a nucleotide or molecule have the following meanings and positions:
* The nucleon number (mass number) is shown in the left superscript ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Krische allylation involves the enantioselective iridium-catalyzed addition of an allyl group to an aldehyde or an alcohol, resulting in the formation of a secondary homoallylic alcohol. The mechanism of the Krische allylation involves primary alcohol dehydrogenation or, when using aldehyde reactants, hydrogen tran... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The isoelectric point (pI, pH(I), IEP), is the pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge or is electrically neutral in the statistical mean. The standard nomenclature to represent the isoelectric point is pH(I). However, pI is also used. For brevity, this article uses pI. The net charge on the molecule i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Devardas alloy (Copper/Aluminium/Zinc) is a reducing agent. When reacted with nitrate in sodium hydroxide solution, ammonia is liberated. The ammonia formed may be detected by its characteristic odor, and by damp red litmus papers turning blue, signalling that it is an alkali — very few gases other than ammonia e... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
When a water droplet is on a surface that is not flat and the surface topographical features lead to a surface area that is larger than that of a perfectly flat version of the same surface, the Wenzel model is a more accurate predictor of the wettability of this surface. Wenzel's model is described by the following equ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
LIBS is one of several analytical techniques that can be deployed in the field as opposed to pure laboratory techniques e.g. spark OES. , recent research on LIBS focuses on compact and (man-)portable systems. Some industrial applications of LIBS include the detection of material mix-ups, analysis of inclusions in steel... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Phosphine is an attractive fumigant because it is lethal to insects and rodents, but degrades to phosphoric acid, which is non-toxic. As sources of phosphine, for farm use, pellets of aluminium phosphide (AlP), calcium phosphide (), or zinc phosphide () are used. These phosphides release phosphine upon contact with a... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In an ideal continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), the flow at the inlet is completely and instantly mixed into the bulk of the reactor. The reactor and the outlet fluid have identical, homogeneous compositions at all times. The residence time distribution is exponential:
Where; the mean is T and the variance is 1. A ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Fretting resistance is not an intrinsic property of a material, or even of a material couple. There are several factors affecting fretting behavior of a contact:
* Contact load
* Sliding amplitude
* Number of cycles
* Temperature
* Relative humidity
* Inertness of materials
* Corrosion and resulting motion-triggered co... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A pyrometer, or radiation thermometer, is a type of remote sensing thermometer used to measure the temperature of distant objects. Various forms of pyrometers have historically existed. In the modern usage, it is a device that from a distance determines the temperature of a surface from the amount of the thermal radiat... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Reductive stress (RS) is defined as an abnormal accumulation of reducing equivalents despite being in the presence of intact oxidation and reduction systems. A redox reaction involves the transfer of electrons from reducing agents (reductants) to oxidizing agents (oxidants) and redox couples are accountable for the maj... | 1 | Biochemistry |
6-Phosphogluconic acid (6-phosphogluconate) is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner–Doudoroff pathway.
It is formed by 6-phosphogluconolactonase from 6 phosphogluconolactone, and acted upon by phosphogluconate dehydrogenase to produce ribulose 5-phosphate.These two steps are the part of Pento... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Asteroid mining has also been seriously considered. A NASA design study evaluated a 10,000-ton mining vehicle (to be assembled in orbit) that would return a 500,000-ton asteroid fragment to geostationary orbit. Only about 3,000 tons of the mining ship would be traditional aerospace-grade payload. The rest would be reac... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
PSII is a transmembrane structure found in all chloroplasts. It splits water into electrons, protons and molecular oxygen. The electrons are transferred to plastoquinol, which carries them to a proton pump. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere.
The emergence of such an incredibly complex structure, a macromolecul... | 5 | Photochemistry |
It is also possible to synthesise heterocyclic compounds via the Elbs reaction. In 1956 an Elbs reaction of a thiophene derivative was published. The expected linear product was not obtained due to a change in reaction mechanism after formation of the first intermediate which caused multiple free radical reaction steps... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
There is recent evidence that suggests that the Aztec civilization was a distinct locus of metallurgy, though gold objects from this area had previously been attributed to the Mixtec. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Adherents to the MaxEnt viewpoint take a clear position on some of the conceptual/philosophical questions in thermodynamics. This position is sketched below. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In prokaryotes, structural genes of related function are typically adjacent to one another on a single strand of DNA, forming an operon. This permits simpler regulation of gene expression, as a single regulatory factor can affect transcription of all associated genes. This is best illustrated by the well-studied lac op... | 1 | Biochemistry |
On May 9, 2006, a New Drug Application was submitted to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by Pharmacyclics, Inc.
In December 2007, the FDA issued a not approvable letter for motexafin gadolinium. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Zeeman effect is utilized in many laser cooling applications such as a magneto-optical trap and the Zeeman slower. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
While flame and electrothermal vaporizers are the most common atomization techniques, several other atomization methods are utilized for specialized use. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The recrystallization temperature is temperature at which recrystallization can occur for a given material and processing conditions. This is not a set temperature and is dependent upon factors including the following:
* Increasing annealing time decreases recrystallization temperature
* Alloys have higher recrystalliz... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Isotopomers or isotopic isomers are isomers with isotopic atoms, having the same number of each isotope of each element but differing in their positions in the molecule. The result is that the molecules are either constitutional isomers or stereoisomers solely based on isotopic location. The term isotopomer was first p... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
A symmetry of a pattern is, loosely speaking, a way of transforming the pattern so that it looks exactly the same after the transformation. For example, translational symmetry is present when the pattern can be translated (in other words, shifted) some finite distance and appear unchanged. Think of shifting a set of ve... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
N-glycan processing is carried out in endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi body. Initial trimming of the precursor molecule occurs in the ER and the subsequent processing occurs in the Golgi.
Upon transferring the completed glycan onto the nascent polypeptide, two glucose residues are removed from the structure. Enzymes... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A mixture of racemic acid and meso-tartaric acid is formed when dextro-Tartaric acid is heated in water at 165 °C for about 2 days. meso-Tartaric acid can also be prepared from dibromosuccinic acid using silver hydroxide:
:HOCCHBrCHBrCOH + 2 AgOH → HOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COH + 2 AgBr
meso-Tartaric acid can be separated from re... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate or 1,3BPG) is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all, living organisms. It primarily exists as a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis during respiration and the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis. 1,3BPG is a transitional stage between glycerate... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Proteins are usually glycated through their lysine residues. In humans, histones in the cell nucleus are richest in lysine, and therefore form the glycated protein N(6)-Carboxymethyllysine (CML).
A receptor nicknamed RAGE, from receptor for advanced glycation end products, is found on many cells, including endothelial ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Black oxide for copper, sometimes known by the trade name Ebonol C, converts the copper surface to cupric oxide. For the process to work the surface has to have at least 65% copper; for copper surfaces that have less than 90% copper it must first be pretreated with an activating treatment. The finished coating is chemi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The bond length in peroxides is about 1.45 Å, and the angles (R = H, C) are about 110° (water-like). Characteristically, the dihedral angles are about 120°. The bond is relatively weak, with a bond dissociation energy of , less than half the strengths of , , and bonds.
Hydroperoxides are typically more volatile th... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Exome sequencing, also known as whole exome sequencing (WES), is a genomic technique for sequencing all of the protein-coding regions of genes in a genome (known as the exome). It consists of two steps: the first step is to select only the subset of DNA that encodes proteins. These regions are known as exons—humans hav... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As in any power cycle, the most important indicator of its performance is the thermal efficiency. The thermal efficiency of a transcritical cycle is computed as:
where is the thermal input of the cycle, provided by either combustion or with a heat exchanger, and is the power produced by the cycle.
The power produced... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Along with dissolved organic matter, POM drives the lower aquatic food web by providing energy in the form of carbohydrates, sugars, and other polymers that can be degraded. POM in water bodies is derived from terrestrial inputs (e.g. soil organic matter, leaf litterfall), submerged or floating aquatic vegetation, or ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Commonly silylation of alcohols requires a silyl chloride and an amine base. One reliable and rapid procedure is the Corey protocol in which the alcohol is reacted with a silyl chloride and imidazole at high concentration in DMF. If DMF is replaced by dichloromethane, the reaction is somewhat slower, but the purificat... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A knot is called achiral if it can be continuously deformed into its mirror image, otherwise it is called a chiral knot. For example, the unknot and the figure-eight knot are achiral, whereas the trefoil knot is chiral. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In electrochemistry differential capacitance is a parameter introduced for characterizing electrical double layers:
where σ is surface charge and ψ is electric surface potential.
Capacitance is usually defined as the stored charge between two conducting surfaces separated by a dielectric divided by the voltage between ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, an aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as phenyl and naphthyl. "Aryl" is used for the sake of abbreviation or generalization, and "Ar" is used as a placeholder for the aryl group in chemical structure diagrams, analogous ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Neurodegeneration is classified as a massive death of neurons, and encompasses diseases such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and Huntingtons. Although many cells die due to necrosis, many cells in neurodegenerative disorders are killed via the apoptotic pathway. Excitotoxicity, which involves overstimulation of a cell via i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hammond's postulate can be used to examine the structure of the transition states of a SN1 reaction. In particular, the dissociation of the leaving group is the first transition state in a S1 reaction. The stabilities of the carbocations formed by this dissociation are known to follow the trend tertiary > secondary > ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
# Leave out the Bravais type
# Convert all symmetry elements with translational components into their respective symmetry elements without translation symmetry (Glide planes are converted into simple mirror planes; Screw axes are converted into simple axes of rotation)
# Axes of rotation, rotoinversion axes and mirror ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
This information can then be used to measure velocity or path length, or as a way to learn about the particle or medium's properties (such as composition or flow rate). The traveling object may be detected directly (direct time of flight, dToF, e.g., via an ion detector in mass spectrometry) or indirectly (indirect tim... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Examples of the application of ICP-AES include the determination of metals in wine, arsenic in food, and trace elements bound to proteins. ICP-AES methods are used to test for metals contamination in drinking water and wastewater.
ICP-AES is widely used in minerals processing to provide the data on grades of various st... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Group I and group II introns are found in genes encoding proteins (messenger RNA), transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA in a very wide range of living organisms. Following transcription into RNA, group I and group II introns also make extensive internal interactions that allow them to fold into a specific, complex three-dime... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In SKP the probe and sample are held parallel to each other and electrically connected to form a parallel plate capacitor. The probe is selected to be of a different material to the sample, therefore each component initially has a distinct Fermi level. When electrical connection is made between the probe and the sample... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Internal corrosion is occasioned by the combined effects and severity of four modes of material deterioration, namely: general corrosion, pitting corrosion, microbial corrosion, and fluid corrosivity. The same principals of external corrosion control can be applied to internal corrosion but due to accessibility, the ap... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A single antigen can be thought of as a sequence of multiple overlapping epitopes. Many unique B cell clones may be able to bind to the individual epitopes. This imparts even greater multiplicity to the overall response. All of these B cells can become activated and produce large colonies of plasma cell clones, each of... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A common sulfonyl hydrazide is p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, a white air-stable solid. They are also widely used as organic reagents.
Toluenesulfonyl hydrazide is used to generate toluenesulfonyl hydrazones. When derived from ketones, these hydrazones participate in the Shapiro reaction and the Eschenmoser–Tanabe fragme... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Single-cell AMTECs with open voltages as high as 1.55 V and maximum power density as high as 0.50 W/cm of solid electrolyte area at a temperature of 1173 K (900 °C) have been obtained with long-term stable refractory metal electrodes.
Efficiency of AMTEC cells has reached 16% in the laboratory. High-voltage multi-tube ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Tramadol is marketed as a racemic mixture of both R- and S-stereoisomers, because the two isomers complement each other's analgesic activities. The (+)-isomer is predominantly active as an opiate with a higher affinity for the µ-opiate receptor (20 times higher affinity than the (-)-isomer). | 4 | Stereochemistry |
BOGS was formed in 1987. The founding members were Prof G.A. Wolff (University of Liverpool),
Dr G.D. Abbott (Newcastle University), Dr J. McEvoy (then at University of Bangor) and Prof S.J. Rowland (University of Plymouth). | 9 | Geochemistry |
In April of 2022, Pfizer voluntarily recalled five batches of the drug because of the presence of a nitrosamine, NNitroso-quinapril. Testing found that the amount of nitrosamines was above the acceptable daily intake level (all humans are exposed to nitrosamines up to a certain daily level by cured and grilled meats, w... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In thermodynamic terms, all organic tissues are composed of chemical energy, which, when not maintained by the constant biochemical maintenance of the living organism, begin to chemically break down due to the reaction with water into amino acids, known as hydrolysis. The breakdown of the proteins of a decomposing body... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A variety of parameters are considered when designing and conducting RNA-Seq experiments:
* Tissue specificity: Gene expression varies within and between tissues, and RNA-Seq measures this mix of cell types. This may make it difficult to isolate the biological mechanism of interest. Single cell sequencing can be used t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The ideality factor (also called the emissivity factor) is a fitting parameter that describes how closely the diode's behavior matches that predicted by theory, which assumes the p-n junction of the diode is an infinite plane and no recombination occurs within the space-charge region. A perfect match to theory is indic... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Depending on the organism, an archaeon may use a bacteria-like HU system or a eukaryote-like nucleosome system for packaging. | 1 | Biochemistry |
*1996 – A. R. Day Award (ACS Philadelphia Section award)
*1997 – Chemical Society of Japan Award
*1998 – Herbert N. McCoy Award
*1998 – American Chemical Society Award for Organometallic Chemistry
*1998–2000 – Alexander von Humboldt Senior Researcher Award
*2003 – Sigma Xi Award, Purdue University
*2007 – Yamada–Koga P... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In the first paper on AFM-based infrared by Hammiche et al., the relevant well-established theoretical considerations were outlined that predict that high spatial resolution can be achieved using rapid modulation frequencies because of the consequent reduction in the thermal diffusion length. They estimated that spatia... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Photosensitization, i.e., photochemical sensitization. Exposing dyed cellulosic material, such as plant-based fibers, to sunlight allows dyes to remove hydrogen from the cellulose, resulting in photoreduction on the cellulosic substrate. Simultaneously, the colorant will undergo oxidation in the presence of the atmosph... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing naked or purified nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. It may also refer to other methods and cell types, although other terms are often preferred: "transformation" is typically used to describe non-viral DNA transfer in bacteria and non-animal eukaryotic cells, i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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