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The overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (or OE-PCR) is a variant of PCR. It is also referred to as Splicing by overlap extension / Splicing by overhang extension (SOE) PCR. It is used assemble multiple smaller double stranded DNA fragments into a larger DNA sequence. OE-PCR is widely used to insert mutations at... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The explorations in the foothills of the Kopetdag revealed well developed irrigation systems with water control arrangements which resulted in prosperous, well settled large regional centres. The largest of these settlements is Namazga-Tepe with an area of 50 ha. The excavations done at this site lead to the discovery ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Radiative cooling is one of the few ways an object in space can give off energy. In particular, white dwarf stars are no longer generating energy by fusion or gravitational contraction, and have no solar wind. So the only way their temperature changes is by radiative cooling. This makes their temperature as a functio... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
SQT measurements are scaled proportionately by relative impact and visually represented on triaxial graphs. Evaluation of sediment integrity and interrelationships between components can be determined by the size and morphology of the triangle. The magnitude of the triangle is indicative of the relative impact of conta... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Substitution reactions involve the replacement of the halogen with another molecule—thus leaving saturated hydrocarbons, as well as the halogenated product. Haloalkanes behave as the R synthon, and readily react with nucleophiles.
Hydrolysis, a reaction in which water breaks a bond, is a good example of the nucleophili... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Bolesatine is a glycoprotein isolated from the Rubroboletus satanas (Boletus satanas Lenz) mushroom which has a lectin function that is specific to the sugar binding site of D-galactose. It is a monomeric protein with a compact globular structure and is thermostable. One tryptophan can be found in its primary sequence ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Plithotaxis, from the Greek word "πλήΘος", denotes a crowd, swarm, or throng. In collective cellular migration, plithotaxis is the tendency for each individual cell within a monolayer to migrate along the local orientation of the maximal principal stress, or equivalently, minimal intercellular shear stress. Plithotaxis... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature
as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives, including the nucleotides cytosine, thymine and uracil, thiamine (vitamin B1) and alloxan. It is also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug zidovudine. Although pyrimidine ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ultraviolet helps detect organic material deposits that remain on surfaces where periodic cleaning and sanitizing may have failed. It is used in the hotel industry, manufacturing, and other industries where levels of cleanliness or contamination are inspected.
Perennial news features for many television news organizati... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The catalytic chain transfer process was commercialized very soon after its discovery. The initial commercial outlet was the production of chemically reactive macromonomers to be incorporated into paints for the automotive industry. Federally mandated VOC restrictions are leading to the elimination of solvents from the... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Today, optical coatings made from TiO, SiO, TaO etc. (and combinations of these) in most cases consist of amorphous phases of these compounds. Much research is carried out into thin amorphous films as a gas separating membrane layer. The technologically most important thin amorphous film is probably represented by a fe... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The LiMCA method measures the total concentration and size distribution of inclusions present in aluminum alloys. Its measuring principle is based on an objective and user-independent method. The LiMCA CM system can characterize the cleanliness of a melt at time intervals in the order of one minute. It can therefore mo... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Liming is the application of calcium- (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)-rich materials in various forms, including marl, chalk, limestone, burnt lime or hydrated lime to soil. In acid soils, these materials react as a base and neutralize soil acidity. This often improves plant growth and increases the activity of soil bacteria, ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Reactions of divinylcyclopropanes containing substituted double bonds are stereospecific with respect to the configurations at the double bonds—cis,cis isomers give cis products, while cis,trans isomers give trans products. Thus, chiral, non-racemic starting materials give rise to chiral products without loss of enanti... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Pre-synthesized LAGP powders can be sprayed on a substrate to form a LAGP film by means of aerosol deposition. The powders are loaded into the aerosol deposition chamber and purified air is used as the carrier gas to drive the particles towards the substrate, where they impinge and coalesce to generate the film. Since ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Reagents can be pulled through an endergonic reaction, if the reaction products are cleared rapidly by a subsequent exergonic reaction. The concentration of the products of the endergonic reaction thus always remains low, so the reaction can proceed.
A classic example of this might be the first stage of a reaction whi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Methyl red displays pH dependent photochromism, with protonation causing it to adopt a hydrazone/quinone structure.
Methyl Red has a special use in histopathology for showing acidic nature of tissue and presence of organisms with acidic natured cell walls.
Methyl Red is detectably fluorescent in 1:1 water:methanol (pH ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In the early 2000s, a link between bisphosphonate use and impaired bone physiology was noted. The strong inhibition of osteoclast function precipitated by bisphosphonate therapy can lead to inhibition of normal bone turnover, leading to impaired wound healing following trauma (such as dental surgery) or even spontaneou... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Arketamine appears to be more effective as a rapid-acting antidepressant than esketamine in preclinical research.
In rodent studies, esketamine produced hyperlocomotion, prepulse inhibition deficits, and rewarding effects, while arketamine did not, in accordance with its lower potency as an NMDA receptor antagonist and... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
UV-Vis absorption SEC is a recent technique that is continuously evolving. However, many advantages have been observed over other techniques. The most outstanding advantages are:
* It generates a large amount of information about the systems.
* Generally, solvents are not a problem when carrying out these kinds of meas... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Pervaporation is effective for dilute solutions containing trace or minor amounts of the component to be removed. Based on this, hydrophilic membranes are used for dehydration of alcohols containing small amounts of water and hydrophobic membranes are used for removal/recovery of trace amounts of organics from aqueous ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Direct photophoresis is caused by the transfer of photon momentum to a particle by refraction and reflection. Movement of particles in the forward direction occurs when the particle is transparent and has an index of refraction larger compared to its surrounding medium. Indirect photophoresis occurs as a result of an i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A wider wire results in smaller current density and, hence, less likelihood of electromigration. Also, the metal grain size has influence; the smaller grains, the more grain boundaries and the higher likelihood of electromigration effects. However, if you reduce wire width to below the average grain size of the wire ma... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Pockels was born in Venice, Austrian Empire, in 1862. At the time, Venice was under Austrian rule, and Pockels' father served in the Austrian Army. When he fell sick, the family moved in 1871 to Brunswick, which was part of the nascent German Empire. There, Pockels attended the Municipal High School for Girls. Agnes wa... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An electrostatic separator is a device for separating particles by mass in a low energy charged beam.
An example is the electrostatic precipitator used in coal-fired power plants to treat exhaust gas, removing small particles that cause air pollution.
Electrostatic separation is a process that uses electrostatic charg... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The Regional Scale Nodes is connected into the OOI Cyberinfrastructure.
The Cyberinfrastructure component of the OOI links marine infrastructure to scientists and users. The OOI Cyberinfrastructure manages and integrates data from all the different OOI sensors. It will provide a common operating infrastructure, the I... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Pempidine is an aliphatic, sterically hindered, cyclic, tertiary amine, which is a weak base: in its protonated form it has a pK of 11.25.
Pempidine is a liquid with a boiling point of 187–188 °C and a density of 0.858 g/cm.
Two early syntheses of this compound are those of Leonard and Hauck, and Hall. These are very s... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Biological hydrogels are derived from preexisting components of body tissues such as collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), or fibrin. Collagen, HA, and fibrin are components that occur naturally in the extracellular matrix of mammals. Collagen is the main structural component in tissues and it already contains cell-signaling... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
At low temperatures, some metals can undergo a ductile-brittle transition which makes the material brittle and could lead to catastrophic failure during operation. This temperature is commonly called a ductile-brittle transition temperature or embrittlement temperature. Research has shown that low temperature embrittle... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Cornelis Van Niel made key discoveries explaining the chemistry of photosynthesis. By studying purple sulfur bacteria and green bacteria, he was the first to demonstrate that photosynthesis is a light-dependent redox reaction in which hydrogen reduces (donates its atoms as electrons and protons to) carbon dioxide.
Robe... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Frame Lake is located in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. It is an endorheic freshwater body located between the city's downtown section and a larger residential area. The Frame Lake Trail circles it, and city hall and the territorial legislative assembly building are on its shores.
Formed by meltwater afte... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Through photosynthesis, plants use CO from the atmosphere, water from the ground, and energy from the sun to create sugars used for growth and fuel. While using these sugars as fuel releases carbon back into the atmosphere (photorespiration), growth stores carbon in the physical structures of the plant (i.e. leaves, w... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Rotavirus mRNAs are capped but not polyadenylated, and viral proteins are translated by the cellular translation machinery. This is accomplished through the action of the viral Nonstructural Protein NSP3 which specifically binds the 3' consensus sequence of viral mRNAs and interacts with the eukaryotic translation init... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In organic chemistry, enone–alkene cycloadditions are a version of the [[woodward-Hoffman rules|[2+2] cycloaddition]] This reaction involves an enone and alkene as substrates. Although the concerted photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition is allowed, the reaction between enones and alkenes is stepwise and involves discrete d... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The draft (draught in British English) flow rate induced by the stack effect can be calculated with the equation presented below. The equation applies only to buildings where air is both inside and outside the buildings. For buildings with one or two floors, h is the height of the building and A is the flow area of the... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The above uses and effects are consequences of the fact that the solution is a source of effectively free elemental iodine, which is readily generated from the equilibrium between elemental iodine molecules and polyiodide ions in the solution. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
* Morawetz, Herbert Polymers: The Origins and Growth of a Science John Wiley and Sons, 1985.
* Utracki, L. A. Commercial Polymer Blends London: Chapman and Hall, 1998.
* https://books.google.com/books?id=aLrrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA14 | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Since 2016, Han Seo-jun, then associate professor at the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) in Shenzhen, with Zhang Renli and Qin Jinzhou, have used human embryo in gene-editing technology for assisted reproductive medicine. On 10 June 2017, a Chinese couple, an HIV-positive father and HIV-negative... | 1 | Biochemistry |
PA is kept low in the bulk of the membrane in order to transiently burst and signal locally in high concentration. For example TREK-1 channels are activated by local association with PLD and production of PA. The dissociation constant of PA for TREK-1 is approximately 10 micromolar. The relatively weak binding combined... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A variety of bioaerosols may contribute to cloud condensation nuclei or cloud ice nuclei, possible bioaerosol components are living or dead cells, cell fragments, hyphae, pollen, or spores. Cloud formation and precipitation are key features of many hydrologic cycles to which ecosystems are tied. In addition, global clo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Primary role of EpoR is to promote proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells and rescue erythroid progenitors from cell death. EpoR induced Jak2-Stat5 signaling, together with transcriptional factor GATA-1, induces the transcription of pro-survival protein Bcl-xL. Additionally, EpoR has been implicated in suppressing... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Either copper powder or copper salts can be used very generally for intramolecular reactions of diazocarbonyl compounds. This section describes the different types of diazocarbonyl compounds that may undergo intramolecular reactions in the presence of copper. Note that for intermolecular reactions of diazocarbonyl comp... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A systematic review by Schuman 2023 finds that most studies on plant volatiles relate to herbivore interactions. Schuman also finds that laboratory studies are overrepresented despite the wide differences in herbivore behaviour between natural and artificial settings. | 1 | Biochemistry |
No federal legislation lays out protocols or restrictions about human genetic engineering. This subject is governed by overlapping regulations from local and federal agencies, including the Department of Health and Human Services, the FDA and NIH's Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee. Researchers seeking federal funds f... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are metal-organic frameworks similar to zeolites. Because of their porosity, chemical stability and thermal resistance, ZIFs are being examined for their capacity to capture carbon dioxide. | 5 | Photochemistry |
In Cartesian coordinates the basis vectors are represented by a cell tensor :
The hypervolume of the unit cell, , is given by the determinant of the cell tensor: | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The journal is run by an Ownership Board, on which all the member societies have equal representation. The eighteen participating societies are:
* Canadian Society for Chemistry
* Deutsche Bunsen-Gesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie (Germany)
* Institute of Chemistry of Ireland
* Israel Chemical Society
* Kemian Seura... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A number of engineered genetic sequences must be incorporated into the host cell to perform two-hybrid analysis or one of its derivative techniques. The considerations and methods used in the construction and delivery of these sequences differ according to the needs of the assay and the organism chosen as the experimen... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Biomaterials are used in:
# Joint replacements
# Bone plates
# Intraocular lenses (IOLs) for eye surgery
# Bone cement
# Artificial ligaments and tendons
# Dental implants for tooth fixation
# Blood vessel prostheses
# Heart valves
# Skin repair devices (artificial tissue)
# Cochlear replacements
# Contact lenses
# Br... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The pKa of the related acids can be guessed from the number of double bonds to oxygen. Thus perchloric acid is a very strong acid while hypochlorous acid is very weak. A simple rule usually works to within about 1 pH unit. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In order for plasmids to replicate independently within a cell, they must possess a stretch of DNA that can act as an origin of replication. The self-replicating unit, in this case, the plasmid, is called a replicon. A typical bacterial replicon may consist of a number of elements, such as the gene for plasmid-specif... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Considering a plane wave the electron quantum parameter can be rewritten using this relation between electric and magnetic fields:where is the wavevector of the plane wave and the wavevector magnitude. Inserting this expression in the formula of :where the vectorial identity was used. Elaborating the expression:Sinc... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRTC3 gene.
This gene has been shown to be linked to weight gain. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ceronapril (INN, proposed trade names Ceranapril, Novopril) is a phosphonate ACE inhibitor that was never marketed. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Some plasmids or microbial hosts include an addiction system or postsegregational killing system (PSK), such as the hok/sok (host killing/suppressor of killing) system of plasmid R1 in Escherichia coli. This variant produces both a long-lived poison and a short-lived antidote. Several types of plasmid addiction systems... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Diffusion-controlled (or diffusion-limited) reactions are reactions in which the reaction rate is equal to the rate of transport of the reactants through the reaction medium (usually a solution). The process of chemical reaction can be considered as involving the diffusion of reactants until they encounter each other i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Mitochondria may have a number of different shapes. A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins. The two membranes have different properties. Because of this double-membraned organization, there are five distinct parts to a mitochondrion:
# The outer mitochondrial m... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Surface roughness scattering or interface roughness scattering is the elastic scattering of particles against a rough solid surface or imperfect interface between two different materials. This effect has been observed in classical systems, such as microparticle scattering, as well as quantum systems, where it arises e... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Stripping is a physical separation process where one or more components are removed from a liquid stream by a vapor stream. In industrial applications the liquid and vapor streams can have co-current or countercurrent flows. Stripping is usually carried out in either a packed or trayed column. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A nanocrystalline (NC) material is a polycrystalline material with a crystallite size of only a few nanometers. These materials fill the gap between amorphous materials without any long range order and conventional coarse-grained materials. Definitions vary, but nanocrystalline material is commonly defined as a crystal... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Ash content of coal is the non-combustible residue left after coal is burnt. It represents the bulk mineral matter after carbon, oxygen, sulfur and water (including from clays) has been driven off during combustion. Analysis is fairly straightforward, with the coal thoroughly burnt and the ash material expressed as a p... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Favipiravir, sold under the brand name Avigan among others, is an antiviral medication used to treat influenza in Japan. It is also being studied to treat a number of other viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Like the experimental antiviral drugs T-1105 and T-1106, it is a pyrazinecarboxamide derivative.
It is bein... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The use of Pd-NHC complexes in Heck-Mizoroki cross-coupling permits the use of cheaper, ample supplies of aryl chloride substrates. Additionally, the activity and stability of the catalyst in Heck-Mizoroki coupling can be enhanced by adjusting the 1,3 substituents on the imidazole ring. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Anoxic events with euxinic (anoxic, sulfidic) conditions have been linked to extreme episodes of volcanic outgassing. Volcanism contributed to the buildup of CO in the atmosphere and increased global temperatures, causing an accelerated hydrological cycle that introduced nutrients into the oceans (stimulating planktoni... | 9 | Geochemistry |
When no electrons are exchanged (z = 0), the equilibrium between , , , and only depends on and is not affected by the electrode potential. In this case, the reaction is a classical acid-base reaction involving only protonation/deprotonation of dissolved species. The boundary line will be a vertical line at a particu... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Gag-v-Onc fusion protein from the Rous sarcoma virus illustrates the dual role that the fusion protein plays in the viral and host cellular life cycle. For example, the viral gene Src (as in "sarcoma") is not necessary for viral reproduction, but does affect virulence. Due to evidence of conserved homology between ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ocean acidification can also lead to increased sea surface temperature. An increase of about 1 or 2 °C can cause the collapse of the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae, possibly leading to bleaching. The average sea surface temperature in the Great Barrier Reef is predicted to increase between 1 and 3 °C by 2... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The Mond gas process was designed to convert cheap coal into flammable gas, which was made up of mainly hydrogen, while recovering ammonium sulfate. The gas produced was rich in hydrogen and poor in carbon monoxide. Although it could be used for some industrial purposes and power generation, the gas was limited for hea... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In some spoil tips, the waste resulting from industries such as coal or oil shale production can contain a relatively high proportion of hydrocarbons or coal dust. Spontaneous subterranean combustion may result, which can be followed by surface fires. In some coal mining districts, such fires were considered normal and... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The Krupp-Renn process, which specialized in the beneficiation of poor ores, was the logical basis for the development of recycling processes for ferrous by-products. In 1957, Krupp tested a furnace at for the treatment of roasted pyrites to extract iron (in the form of Luppen) and zinc (vaporized in the flue gases). ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Stable isotope ratios can be used to infer the environmental conditions during the formation of sedimentary rock. Using stoichiometry and knowledge of redox pathways, paleogeologists can use isotopes ratios of elements to determine the chemical composition of the water and sediments when burial occurred.
Sulfur isotope... | 9 | Geochemistry |
In chemistry a phosphine imide (sometimes abbreviated to phosphinimide) also known as a iminophosphorane is a functional group with the formula RP=NR. While structurally related to phosphine oxide its chemistry has more in common with phosphonium ylides.
Anions of this group, with the structure RP=N, are called phosphi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The 2001 Heart Outcomes and Prevention Evaluation trial seemed to show ramipril possessed cardioprotective qualities which extended beyond its qualities as an antihypertensive. However, the trial and the interpretation of its results have been criticised.
The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) trial showed a 27%... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Christoph Weder was born on July 30, 1966. He began elementary school in Mülheim a. Main, Germany, in 1972 before moving to Thalwil, Switzerland, in 1974, where he completed elementary and secondary school. He then attended the high school Kantonsschule Enge in Zurich, from which he graduated in 1985. Following in the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Inhibitors disrupt the interaction between enzyme and substrate, slowing down the rate of a reaction. There are different types of inhibitor, including both reversible and irreversible forms.
Competitive inhibitors are inhibitors that only target free enzyme molecules. They compete with substrates for free enzyme accep... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Cytochrome C1 (also known as Complex III subunit 4) is a protein encoded by the CYC1 gene. Cytochrome is a heme-containing subunit of the cytochrome b-c1 complex, which accepts electrons from Rieske protein and transfers electrons to cytochrome c in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is formed in the cytosol and t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There is currently no evidence supporting targeted temperature management use in humans and clinical trials have not been completed. Most of the data concerning hypothermia's effectiveness in treating stroke is limited to animal studies. These studies have focused primarily on ischemic stroke as opposed to hemorrhagic ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
vaccine - vacuole - valence - valine - van der Waals force - van der Waals radius - vapor pressure - vapour pressure - vasoactive intestinal peptide - vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor - vasopressin - vasopressin receptor - venom - vertebrate photoreceptor - vesicle - vestibular system - vimentin - viral envelope ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity. The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand. Ligands may include other proteins (resulting in a protein–protein interaction), enzyme subs... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The PI (or photosynthesis-irradiance) curve is a graphical representation of the empirical relationship between solar irradiance and photosynthesis. A derivation of the Michaelis–Menten curve, it shows the generally positive correlation between light intensity and photosynthetic rate. It is a plot of photosynthetic r... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Companion planting approaches in use or being trialled include:
* Square foot gardening attempts to protect plants from issues such as weed infestation by packing them as closely together as possible. This is facilitated by using companion plants, which can be closer together than normal.
* Forest gardening, where comp... | 1 | Biochemistry |
While photosystem II photolyzes water to obtain and energize new electrons, photosystem I simply reenergizes depleted electrons at the end of an electron transport chain. Normally, the reenergized electrons are taken by NADP, though sometimes they can flow back down more H-pumping electron transport chains to transport... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Generally speaking, carbohydrates can be classified into two groups, simple sugars, and complex carbohydrates. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, are carbohydrates that cannot be further broke down by hydrolysis. When glycosidic linkages connect two or more monosaccharide units, complex carbohydrates are forme... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Freshly prepared sodium nitroprusside solution is added to the sodium fusion extract, turning the solution deep violet due to formation of sodium thionitroprusside. </blockquote>
In case, both nitrogen and sulfur are present in an organic compound, sodium thiocyanate is formed which gives blood red color since there a... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
An assay is a type of biological titration used to determine the concentration of a virus or bacterium. Serial dilutions are performed on a sample in a fixed ratio (such as 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, etc.) until the last dilution does not give a positive test for the presence of the virus. The positive or negative value may ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Vincent Marks (10 June 1930 – 6 November 2023) was an English pathologist and clinical biochemist known for his works on studying insulin and hypoglycemia. His contributions to medical science include simplifying low blood glucose testing, introducing insulin radioimmunoassay, and advancing diabetes research. Marks pl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hydroxybenzotriazole (abbreviated HOBt) is an organic compound that is a derivative of benzotriazole. It is a white crystalline powder, which as a commercial product contains some water (~11.7% wt as the HOBt monohydrate crystal). Anhydrous HOBt is explosive.
It is mainly used to suppress the racemization of single-en... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* [http://bascoe.oma.be/index.php/bascoe BASCOE] - A data assimilation system based on a chemical transport model and created by the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB)
* [https://tropo.aeronomie.be/index.php/12-boream Boream] - Model for the degradation of alpha-pinene
* [https://www2.acom.ucar.edu/model... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
(Also see: Eyespot apparatus)
*Channelrhodopsin: in unicellular algae, mediates phototaxis
*Chlamyopsin and volvoxopsin
*Flavoproteins | 1 | Biochemistry |
In n dimensions, an affine space group, or Bieberbach group, is a discrete subgroup of isometries of n-dimensional Euclidean space with a compact fundamental domain. proved that the subgroup of translations of any such group contains n linearly independent translations, and is a free abelian subgroup of finite index, ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Interface and colloid science is an interdisciplinary intersection of branches of chemistry, physics, nanoscience and other fields dealing with colloids, heterogeneous systems consisting of a mechanical mixture of particles between 1 nm and 1000 nm dispersed in a continuous medium. A colloidal solution is a heterogeneo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Actinism () is the property of solar radiation that leads to the production of photochemical and photobiological effects. Actinism is derived from the Ancient Greek ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖνος ("ray, beam"). The word actinism is found, for example, in the terminology of imaging technology (esp. photography), medicine (concerning s... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Elizabeth River estuary is used for commercial and military use and is one of the most commonly used ports on the East Coast of the USA. From 2015-2019, 11 different conditions were measured in various areas of the Elizabeth River. Throughout the river, there were consistently high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Among mutations in esterases, carbamate resistance most commonly involves acetylcholinesterase (AChE) desensitization, while organophosphate resistance most commonly is carboxylesterase metabolization. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The unexpected fall in 2011 of a heavy light fixture from the ceiling of the Big Dig vehicular tunnel in Boston revealed that corrosion had weakened its support. Improper use of aluminium in contact with stainless steel had caused rapid corrosion in the presence of salt water. The electrochemical potential difference b... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by a nitrogenase enzyme. The overall reaction for BNF is:
The process is coupled to the hydrolysis of 16 equivalents of ATP and is accompanied by the co-formation of one equivalent of . The conversion of into ammonia occurs at ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ependymin is a glycoprotein found in the cerebrospinal fluid of many teleost fish. The humans homolog is called ependymin related 1 that is encoded by the EPDR1 gene.
Ependymin is associated with the consolidation of long-term memory, possibly providing protection from strokes, and contributing to neuronal regeneration... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Many LGBT communities centre their support around cisgender gay, lesbian and bisexual people and neglect to include proper support for transgender people. The same 2020 literature review analyses the social, emotional and physical experiences of pregnant transgender men. A common obstacle faced by pregnant transgender ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Apparent quantities can underline interactions in electrolyte – non-electrolyte systems which show interactions like salting in and salting out, but also give insights in ion-ion interactions, especially by their dependence on temperature. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In fact, however, the observed reaction rate is second-order in and zero-order in CO, with rate equation r = k[]. This suggests that the rate is determined by a step in which two molecules react, with the CO molecule entering at another, faster, step. A possible mechanism in two elementary steps that explains the rat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
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