text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
Only a small fraction of the global ridge system (~65000 km) and of the vast continental margin regions have been explored and their communities described. It is the aim of ChEss to improve the knowledge on the diversity, abundance and distribution of species from vents, seeps and other reducing habitats at a global sc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, a dynamic equilibrium exists once a reversible reaction occurs. Substances transition between the reactants and products at equal rates, meaning there is no net change. Reactants and products are formed at such a rate that the concentration of neither changes. It is a particular example of a system in a s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The carbonate pump, sometimes called the carbonate counter pump, starts with marine organisms at the ocean's surface producing particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) in the form of calcium carbonate (calcite or aragonite, CaCO). This CaCO is what forms hard body parts like shells. The formation of these shells increases a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the formula and structure . It is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products. This compound is the sodium salt of the 12-carbon organosulfate. Its hydrocarbon tail comb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reversible solid oxide cells (rSOCs), as solid oxide fuel cells, are made of four main components: the electrolyte, the fuel and oxygen electrodes, and the interconnects.
The electrodes are porous layers that favor the reactants diffusion inside their structure and catalyze electrochemical reactions. In the single tech... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RNAs are a type of large biological molecules, whose individual building blocks are called nucleotides. The name poly(A) tail (for polyadenylic acid tail) reflects the way RNA nucleotides are abbreviated, with a letter for the base the nucleotide contains (A for adenine, C for cytosine, G for guanine and U for uracil).... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sample preparation of the OPV is of the utmost importance when performing pc-AFM studies. The sampling substrate is recommended to be conductive, as well as transparent, to the light source which is irradiated upon it. Numerous studies have used ITO-coated glass as their conductive substrate. Because of high cost of IT... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Printing materials must fit a broad spectrum of criteria, one of the foremost being biocompatibility. The resulting scaffolds formed by 3D printed materials should be physically and chemically appropriate for cell proliferation. Biodegradability is another important factor, and insures that the artificially formed stru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Often, modification of the structure will take place around the glycosidic linkage. Replacement of one or other of the glycosidic oxygen atoms by carbon, sulfur, nitrogen etc. will alter the properties of the glycosidic bond. The molecules produced in this way would be called carbasugars or C-glycosides, thiosugars or ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The primary conditions for soil development are controlled by the chemical composition of the rock on which the soil will be. Rock types that form the base of the soil profile are often either sedimentary (carbonate or siliceous), igneous or metaigneous (metamorphosed igneous rocks) or volcanic and metavolcanic rocks. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many beam HREM images of extremely thin samples are only directly interpretable in terms of a projected crystal structure if they have been recorded under special conditions, i.e. the so-called Scherzer defocus. In that case the positions of the atom columns appear as black blobs in the image (when the spherical aberra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alguronic acid is the tradename created for an undetermined mix of polysaccharides produced by microalgae clogging filters in algae cultures. The tradename has been coined by Solazyme. The indeterminate mix of chemicals is claimed to function to protect the microalgae, and has been processed and formulated in a range o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a carbyne is a general term for any compound whose structure consists of an electrically neutral carbon atom connected by a single covalent bond and has three non-bonded electrons. The carbon atom has either one or three unpaired electrons, depending on its excitation state; making it a radical. T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This work also explains why genomes such as the human genome have billions of bases, and why only a small fraction (~2%) codes for proteins and other regulatory elements. If split genes originated from random primordial DNA sequences, they would contain a significant amount of DNA that represented by introns. Furthermo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* A nuclease frees the nucleotide
** A nucleotidase creates adenosine, then adenosine deaminase creates inosine
** Alternatively, AMP deaminase creates inosinic acid, then a nucleotidase creates inosine
* Purine nucleoside phosphorylase acts upon inosine to create hypoxanthine
* Xanthine oxidase catalyzes the biotransf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to the exceptional porosity of COFs, they have been used extensively in the storage and separation of gases such as hydrogen, methane, etc. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Elvucitabine is a deoxycytidine analogue with activity against HIV resistant to several other nucleoside analogues, including zidovudine and lamivudine. This is partly because of high intracellular levels of its triphosphate metabolite reached in cells. Clinical trials of elvucitabine are on hold, because it has shown ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plastic pipes used in manufacturing.
Plastic pipe fittings include PVC pipe fittings, PP / PPH pipe fitting mould, PE pipe and ABS pipe fitting. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A reaction step of a chemical reaction is defined as: "An elementary reaction, constituting one of the stages of a stepwise reaction in which a reaction intermediate (or, for the first step, the reactants) is converted into the next reaction intermediate (or, for the last step, the products) in the sequence of intermed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nucleosome Remodeling Factor (NURF) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) that catalyzes nucleosome sliding in order to regulate gene transcription. It contains an ISWI ATPase, making it part of the ISWI family of chromatin remodeling complexes. NURF is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Researchers from the company Colossal confirmed that their primary goal when trying to revive the woolly mammoth is to better the environment and climate change itself. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some of the benefits of BNAs include ideal for the detection of short RNA and DNA targets; increase the thermal stability of duplexes; capable of single nucleotide discrimination; increases the thermal stability of triplexes; resistance to exo- and endonucleases resulting in a high stability for in vivo and in vitro ap... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Clay minerals can be incorporated in lime-metakaolin mortars to improve mechanical properties. Electrochemical separation helps to obtain modified saponite-containing products with high smectite-group minerals concentrations, lower mineral particles size, more compact structure, and greater surface area. These characte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents, emitting hot acidic or alkaline water, would have created external proton gradients. These provided energy that primordial organisms could have exploited. To keep the flows separate, such an organism could have wedged itself in the rock of the hydrothermal vent, exposed to the hydrothermal ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The biocompatibility of surgically implanted foreign biomaterial refers to the interactions between the biomaterial and the host body tissue. Cell line as well as cell type such as fibroblasts can largely impact tissue responses towards implanted foreign devices by changing cell morphology. Thus the cell source as well... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For example, photo-fermentation with Rhodobacter sphaeroides SH2C can be employed to convert small molecular fatty acids into hydrogen.
Enterobacter aerogenes is an outstanding hydrogen producer. It is an anaerobic facultative and mesophilic bacterium that is able to consume different sugars and in contrast to cultivat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Example of devices that can be used to measure this ratio are the CHN analyzer and the continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (CF-IRMS). However, for more practical applications, desired C/N ratios can be achieved by blending common used substrates of known C/N content, which are readily available and easy to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. All living organisms are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living and functioning of organisms. Cell biology is the study of the structural and f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MOZ (Monocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Protein), Ybf2/Sas3, Sas2 and Tip60 (Tat Interacting Protein) all make up MYST, another well known family that exhibits acetylating capabilities. This family includes Sas3, essential SAS-related acetyltransferase (Esa1), Sas2, Tip60, MOF, MOZ, MORF, and HBO1. The members of this fami... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Loosely speaking, the existence or construction of a periodic table of elements creates an ordering of the elements, and so they can be numbered in order.
Dmitri Mendeleev said that he arranged his first periodic tables (first published on March 6, 1869) in order of atomic weight ("Atomgewicht"). However, in considerat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) updated Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for magnesium in 1997. If there is not sufficient information to establish EARs and RDAs, an estimate designated Adequate Intake (AI) is used instead. The current EARs for magnesium for women and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
George Church has compiled a list of potential genetic modifications based on scientific studies for possibly advantageous traits such as less need for sleep, cognition-related changes that protect against Alzheimer's disease, disease resistances, higher lean muscle mass and enhanced learning abilities along with some ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Genetic diversity is often lost within captive populations due to the founder effect and subsequent small population sizes. Minimizing the loss of genetic diversity within the captive population is an important component of ex situ conservation and is critical for successful reintroductions and the long term success o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neptunium diarsenide forms crystals of the tetragonal system, space group P4/nmm, cell parameters a = 0.3958 nm, c = 0.8098 nm. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transition metal oxides are compounds composed of oxygen atoms bound to transition metals. They are commonly utilized for their catalytic activity and semiconducting properties. Transition metal oxides are also frequently used as pigments in paints and plastics, most notably titanium dioxide. Transition metal oxides h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A new formula describing size effect was proposed. This formula has a form
where is the nanoparticle radius and is wave number. It is supposed here that the time dependence of the electromagnetic field is given by the factor In this paper Bruggemans approach was used, but electromagnetic field for electric-dipole os... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Copper concentrates produced by mines are sold to smelters and refiners who treat the ore and refine the copper and charge for this service via treatment charges (TCs) and refining charges (RCs). The TCs are charged in US$ per tonne of concentrate treated and RCs are charged in cents per pound treated, denominated in U... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Molecular biomarkers have been defined as biomarkers that can be discovered using basic and acceptable platforms such as genomics and proteomics. Many genomic and proteomics techniques are available for biomarker discovery and a few techniques that are recently being used can be found on that page. Apart from genomics... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews is abstracted and indexed in BIOSIS Previews, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chemistry Citation Index, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences, Science Citation Index and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Explanation of diauxie depended on the characterization of additional mutations affecting the lac genes other than those explained by the classical model. Two other genes, cya and crp, subsequently were identified that mapped far from lac, and that, when mutated, result in a decreased level of expression in the presen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Promoters of active genes have nucleosome free regions (NFR). This allows for promoter DNA accessibility to various proteins, such as transcription factors. Nucleosome free region typically spans for 200 nucleotides in S. cerevisiae Well-positioned nucleosomes form boundaries of NFR. These nucleosomes are called +1-nuc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The olfactory receptor neuron has a fast working negative feedback response upon depolarization. When the neuron is depolarizing, the CNG ion channel is open allowing sodium and calcium to rush into the cell. The influx of calcium begins a cascade of events within the cell. Calcium first binds to calmodulin to form CaM... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pharmacometabolomics is thought to provide information that complements that gained from other omics, namely genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Looking at the characteristics of an individual down through these different levels of detail, there is an increasingly more accurate prediction of a person's ability ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Not just one but multiple mitogenic mutations are required for cancer to proliferate. Generally, multiple mutations in different subsystems (an oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene) are the most effective at causing cancer. For example, a mutation that hyperactivates the oncogene Ras and another that inactivates the tu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alkene carboamination is the simultaneous formation of C–N and C–C bonds across an alkene. This method represents a powerful strategy to build molecular complexity with up to two stereocenters in a single operation. Generally, there are four categories of reaction modes for alkene carboamination. The first class is cyc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hypophosphorous acid was first prepared in 1816 by the French chemist Pierre Louis Dulong (1785–1838).
The acid is prepared industrially via a two step process: Firstly, elemental white phosphorus reacts with alkali and alkaline earth hydroxides to give an aqueous solution of hypophosphites:
:P + 4 OH + 4 HO → 4 + 2 H... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Increasing levels of nitrogen deposition are shown to have a number of negative effects on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Nitrogen gases and aerosols can be directly toxic to certain plant species, affecting the aboveground physiology and growth of plants near large point sources of nitrogen pollution. Change... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The IL-10 family is one of the important types of cytokines, that can stop the inflammation. In general. these cytokines have a helical structure of homodimers. The difference that the members of IL-10 family have between each other is that they have various receptor-binding residues, which help with interaction with s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A 4n + 2 electrocyclic ring opening reaction is also a 2-component pericyclic reaction which is suprafacial with respect to the π-system. Thus, in order for the reaction to be allowed, the number of antarafacial components must be 0, i.e. it must be suprafacial with respect to the breaking σ-bond as well. Thus a disr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The only stable yttrium isotope, Y, will be found with yield somewhat less than 1% in a fission product mixture which has been allowed to age for months or years, as the next-longest lived yttrium isotopes have half-lives of only 107 days (Y) or 59 days (Y). However, a small amount of yttrium-90 will be found in secula... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Once the autocorrelation data have been generated, different mathematical approaches can be employed to obtain information from it. Analysis of the scattering is facilitated when particles do not interact through collisions or electrostatic forces between ions. Particle-particle collisions can be suppressed by dilutio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1884, in association with Dr. Ernst Abbe and Carl Zeiss, Otto founded Glastechnische Laboratorium Schott & Genossen (Schott & Associates Glass Technology Laboratory) in Jena. It was here, during the period 1887 through to 1893, that Schott developed borosilicate glass. Borosilicate glass is distinguished for its hig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pdr1p (Pleiotropic Drug Resistance 1p) is a transcription factor found in yeast and is a key regulator of genes involved in general drug response. It induces the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter, which can export toxic substances out of the cell, allowing cells to survive under general toxic chemicals. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pharmacogenetics has become a controversial issue in the area of bioethics. Privacy and confidentiality are major concerns. The evidence of benefit or risk from a genetic test may only be suggestive, which could cause dilemmas for providers. Drug development may be affected, with rare genetic variants possibly receivin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A common example is NMR. In this process, the nuclear spin of an atom starts rotating, with the frequency of rotation proportional to the external magnetic field that the atom experiences. However, in an inhomogeneous medium, the magnetic field often varies from point to point (depending, for example, on the magnetic s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The traditional technique of titanium production is via the Kroll process which involves chlorination of TiO ore in the presence of carbon and reacting the resulting TiCl with magnesium to produce titanium sponge. These processes take place at temperatures as high as 1040 °C. The sponge particle range in size from 45 t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PMCA has been applied to replicate the misfolded protein from diverse species. The newly generated protein exhibits the same biochemical, biological, and structural properties as brain-derived PrP and strikingly it is infectious to wild type animals, producing a disease with similar characteristics as the illness produ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermophotonics (often abbreviated as TPX) is a concept for generating usable power from heat which shares some features of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power generation. Thermophotonics was first publicly proposed by solar photovoltaic researcher Martin Green in 2000. However, no TPX device is known to have been demonstr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The electrical conductivity of a solution of an electrolyte is measured by determining the resistance of the solution between two flat or cylindrical electrodes separated by a fixed distance. An alternating voltage is generally used in order to minimize water electrolysis. The resistance is measured by a conductivity ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Snieckus' research interests in organic synthesis focused on metalation and particularly lithiation. He is best known for his work on the directed ortho metalation family of reactions. His work has had practical applications in both academic and industrial settings, particularly in the industrial-scale synthesis of pha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Coordination complexes have been known since the beginning of modern chemistry. Early well-known coordination complexes include dyes such as Prussian blue. Their properties were first well understood in the late 1800s, following the 1869 work of Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand. Blomstrand developed what has come to be kno... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Herbicides can be classified/grouped in various ways; for example, according to their activity, the timing of application, method of application, mechanism of their action, and their chemical structures. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This article relates primarily to RPMs deployed for screening trucks at ports of entry. Over 1400 RPMs are deployed at US borders and a similar number at foreign locations for the purpose of interdicting illicit radiological and nuclear material. The US deployments cover all land border vehicles, all seaport containeri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
His contribution to food science was celebrated in a special edition of the Journal of Texture Studies He also initiated what he called psycho-rheology: the effect of food texture on the consumer. However he promoted and was a major contributor to the study of the rheological effects in blood flow to the genitalia, as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ocean salinity is derived mainly from the weathering of rocks and the transport of dissolved salts from the land, with lesser contributions from hydrothermal vents in the seafloor. Evaporation of ocean water and formation of sea ice further increase the salinity of the ocean. However these processes which increase sali... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In nuclear science, the decay chain refers to a series of radioactive decays of different radioactive decay products as a sequential series of transformations. It is also known as a "radioactive cascade". The typical radioisotope does not decay directly to a stable state, but rather it decays to another radioisotope. T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first proponents of ecosan systems had a strong focus on increasing agricultural productivity (via the reuse of excreta as fertilizers) and thus improving the nutritional status of the people at the same time as providing them with safe sanitation. Disease reduction was meant to be achieved not only by reducing inf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wood permeable pavement is a natural and sustainable building material. Architects and landscape designers turning towards permeable pavers will find that some types of highly durable hardwoods (e.g. Black Locust) are an effective permeable pavers material. Wood paver blocks made of Black Locust provide a highly permea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Resource recovery from fecal sludge can take many forms, including as a fuel, soil amendment, building material, protein, animal fodder, and water for irrigation. Some of the by-products from fecal sludge treatment processes have the potential to offset some of the costs of collection and treatment, thereby reducing ta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The modern non-stick pans were made using a coating of Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene or PTFE). PTFE was invented serendipitously by Roy Plunkett in 1938, while working for a joint venture of the DuPont company. The substance was found to have several unique properties, including very good corrosion-resistance and the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*1991 National Science Foundation Faculty Award for Women Scientists
*1994 Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Max Planck Research Award
*1996 American Physical Society Fellow
*2005 American Physical Society Herbert P. Broida Prize
*2006 National Science Foundation CAREER Award
*2007 University of Southern California Rem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surface runoff is defined as precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail) that reaches a surface stream without ever passing below the soil surface. It is distinct from direct runoff, which is runoff that reaches surface streams immediately after rainfall or melting snowfall and excludes runoff generated by the melting o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Overheating is a phenomenon of rising temperatures in an electrical circuit. Overheating causes damage to the circuit components and can cause fire, explosion, and injury. Damage caused by overheating is usually irreversible; the only way to repair it is to replace some components. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Research has been conducted to explore the possibility of developing a heterologous SARS-CoV receptor-binding domain (RBD) recombinant protein as a human vaccine against COVID-19. The theory is supported by evidence that convalescent serum from SARS-CoV patients have the ability to neutralise SARS-CoV-2 (corresponding ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The perovskite structure is adopted at high pressure by bridgmanite, a silicate with the chemical formula , which is the most common mineral in the Earth's mantle. As pressure increases, the SiO tetrahedral units in the dominant silica-bearing minerals become unstable compared with SiO octahedral units. At the pressure... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sawdust (or wood dust) is a by-product or waste product of woodworking operations such as sawing, sanding, milling and routing. It is composed of very small chips of wood. These operations can be performed by woodworking machinery, portable power tools or by use of hand tools. In some manufacturing industries it can ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The wide variety of electrophilic aminating reagents precludes generalization of reaction conditions. Electrophilic nitrogen sources are, however, either toxic or explosive in general. Great care should be taken while handling these reagents. Many electrophilic nitrogen sources do not provide amines immediately, but a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Atropisomers are stereoisomers resulting from hindered rotation about single bonds where the steric strain barrier to rotation is high enough to allow for the isolation of the conformers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1,2-Indandione is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH(CO)CH. A yellow solid, it is classified as a vicinal diketone on an indane framework.
1,2-Indandione is used in the first stage of forensic identification of latent fingerprints. It is particularly useful for paper, and for items printed with thermal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several fluorescent protein exist in nature, but the most important one as a research tool is Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, which spontaneously fluoresces upon folding via specific serine-tyrosine-glycine residues. The benefit that GFP and other fluorescent proteins have over org... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
plants often possess a characteristic leaf anatomy called kranz anatomy, from the German word for wreath. Their vascular bundles are surrounded by two rings of cells; the inner ring, called bundle sheath cells, contains starch-rich chloroplasts lacking grana, which differ from those in mesophyll cells present as the ou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* R: (:ja:理科年表): An (mostly) annual reference book published in Japan since 1925CE. Note that the actual published year is typically one year earlier than the nominal (book title) year.
</references>
* I: : Revised roughly by each decade. First edition 1935CE.
</references>
*D: Kyoritsu Great Dictionary of Chemistry
</... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Award programs highlight copper architecture installations in Canada and the U.S. and in Europe. An International Copper and the Home Competition also exists. Judged by architecture and copper industry experts, criteria for the awards programs include copper in building design, craft of copper installation, excellence ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By oral route, phenethylamine's half-life is minutes; endogenously produced PEA in catecholamine neurons has a half-life of roughly 30 seconds. In humans, PEA is metabolized by phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), monoamine oxidase A (), monoamine oxidase B (), the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSA... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In bipolar disorder, repurposed drugs are emerging as feasible augmentation options. Several agents, all sustained by a plausible biological rationale, have been evaluated. Evidence from meta-analyses showed that adjunctive allopurinol and tamoxifen were superior to placebo for mania, and add-on modafinil/armodafinil a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. It was established in 1950 and is sponsored by the Geochemical Society and the Meteoritical Society. The editor-in-chief is Jeffrey Catalano (Washington University in St. Louis). The journal covers topics in Earth geochemistry, planetary geochemistr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All data in HMDB is non-proprietary or is derived from a non-proprietary source. It is freely accessible and available to anyone. In addition, nearly every data item is fully traceable and explicitly referenced to the original source. HMDB data is available through a public web interface and downloads. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1821, the German physicist Thomas Johann Seebeck discovered that a magnetic needle held near a circuit made up of two dissimilar metals got deflected when one of the dissimilar metal junctions was heated. At the time, Seebeck referred to this consequence as thermo-magnetism. The magnetic field he observed was later ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Annual Review of Physical Chemistry published its first volume in 1950. Its founding editor was University of California chemist Gerhard Krohn Rollefson. Some branches of physical chemistry were designated to be reviewed with each volume, while other branches would be reviewed less frequently. Upon Rollefsons death... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One set of Woodward–Fieser rules for dienes is outlined in table 1. A diene is either homoannular with both double bonds contained in one ring or heteroannular with two double bonds distributed between two rings.
With the aid of these rules the UV absorption maximum can be predicted, for example in these two compounds:... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lisinopril is contraindicated in people who have a history of angioedema (hereditary or idiopathic) or who have diabetes and are taking aliskiren. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dynamic kinetic resolution has also been applied to the total synthesis of a variety of natural products. After Bäckvall's discoveries in 2007, he employed another enzyme-metal coupled reaction to synthesize the natural product (R)-Bufuralol.
The key step that the literature points out utilizes DKR to convert the chlo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
STAT4 is involved in several autoimmune and cancer diseases in animal models humans, significantly in the disease progression and pathology. STAT4 were significantly increased in patients with colitis ulcerative and skin T cells of psoriatic patients. Moreover, STAT4 -/- mice developed less severe experimental autoimmu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Favre averaging is carried out for all dynamical variables except the pressure. For the velocity components, , the Favre averaging is defined as
where the overbar indicates the typical Reynolds averaging, the tilde denotes the Favre averaging and is the density field. The Favre decomposition of the velocity components... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trichloroethylene is metabolised to trichloroepoxyethane (TCE oxide) which rapidly isomerises to trichloroacetaldehyde (chloral). Chloral hydrates to chloral hydrate in the body. Chloral hydrate is either reduced to 2,2,2-trichloroethanol or oxidised to trichloroacetic acid. Monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To assess pharmacological cardiotoxicity, it was common practice to measure QT interval in vivo and the blockage of potassium channel. Nevertheless, a new paradigm has been developed to overcome the limits of the previous one since 2013. In fact, it has been demonstrated that the old paradigm was stringent, labeling as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Iron–nickel (Fe–Ni) clusters are metal clusters consisting of iron and nickel, i.e. Fe–Ni structures displaying polyhedral frameworks held together by two or more metal–metal bonds per metal atom, where the metal atoms are located at the vertices of closed, triangulated polyhedra.
Individually, iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fatty acids are broken down to acetyl-CoA by means of beta oxidation inside the mitochondria, whereas fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA outside the mitochondria, in the cytosol. The two pathways are distinct, not only in where they occur, but also in the reactions that occur, and the substrates that are used.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In May 1940, Hansgirg left Japan for the United States after the political mood became "hostile to foreigners". In the United States, Hansgirg joined forces with American industrialist Henry J. Kaiser. Before the war, the demand for aircraft engineering had increased the need for light magnesium alloys. Kaiser had paid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A biogenic substance is a product made by or of life forms. While the term originally was specific to metabolite compounds that had toxic effects on other organisms, it has developed to encompass any constituents, secretions, and metabolites of plants or animals. In context of molecular biology, biogenic substances are... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.