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Kenneth Ross MacKenzie (June 15, 1912 – July 3, 2002) was an American nuclear physicist. Together with Dale R. Corson and Emilio Segrè, he synthesized the element astatine, in 1940. MacKenzie received his PhD under Ernest Lawrence at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Lawrence, MacKenzie, and their colleagu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils. Also, algae fuels are an alternative to commonly known biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane. When made from seaweed (macroalgae) it can be known as seaweed fuel or seaweed oil.
In D... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Supramolecular chemistry has been used to demonstrate computation functions on a molecular scale. In many cases, photonic or chemical signals have been used in these components, but electrical interfacing of these units has also been shown by supramolecular signal transduction devices. Data storage has been accomplishe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is surprising to note that In 1980, there was no single chiral stationary phase available in the market for performing chiral chromatography. However, In late 1980s the subject of enantioselective chromatography attracted growing interest, particularly under the drive of the institution of Okamoto in Japan, the team... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA (β-Methylcrotonyl-CoA or MC-CoA) is an intermediate in the metabolism of leucine.
It is found in mitochondria, where it is formed from isovaleryl-coenzyme A by isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase. It then reacts with CO to yield 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Ligand-gated ion channels such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and GABA receptor are composed of five subunits arranged around a central pore that opens to allow ions to pass through. There are many different subunits available that can come together in a wide variety of combinations to form different subtype... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The principal cause of acid rain is sulfur and nitrogen compounds from human sources, such as electricity generation, animal agriculture, factories, and motor vehicles. These also include power plants, which use electric power generators that account for a quarter of nitrogen oxides and two-thirds of sulfur dioxide wit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
TFA is the precursor to many other fluorinated compounds such as trifluoroacetic anhydride, trifluoroperacetic acid, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. It is a reagent used in organic synthesis because of a combination of convenient properties: volatility, solubility in organic solvents, and its strength as an acid. TFA is al... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the beginning the X-ray crystallography did not have a very good resolution so the initial focus was on substrate derived inhibitors instead of structurally based. The Neu5Ac-derived 2-deoxy-α-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid (2-deoxy- α-Neu5Ac) was the first template used and also the first inhibitor tried in vivo in a mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Greece was an early adopter of the concept of green Infrastructure with the invention of Greek agora. Agoras were meeting spaces that were built for social conversations and allowed Greeks to converse in public. Many were built across Greece, and some incorporated nature as a design aspect, giving nature a space among ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry the reactivity–selectivity principle or RSP states that a more reactive chemical compound or reactive intermediate is less selective in chemical reactions. In this context selectivity represents the ratio of reaction rates.
This principle was generally accepted until the 1970s when too many exceptions star... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Let us define a non-dimensional scalar variable or progress variable such that at the unburnt mixture and at the burnt gas side. For example, if is the unburnt gas temperature and is the burnt gas temperature, then the non-dimensional temperature can be defined as
The progress variable could be any scalar, i.e., w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With further increases of temperature and density, fusion processes produce nuclides only up to nickel-56 (which decays later to iron); heavier elements (those beyond Ni) are created mainly by neutron capture. The slow capture of neutrons, the s-process, produces about half of elements beyond iron. The other half are... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Adenylate Kinase 2 (AK2) deficiency in humans causes hematopoietic defects associated with sensorineural deafness. Reticular dysgenesis is an autosomal recessive form of human combined immunodeficiency. It is also characterized by an impaired lymphoid maturation and early differentiation arrest in the myeloid lineage... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
During the many years that cassette decks were popular, many audio magazines published comparative measurements of the performance characteristics of the wide variety of different tapes that were available in the marketplace. These measurements typically included parameters such as MOL, SOL, frequency response at 0-dB... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxidoreductases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a hydride ion between a substrate and a cofactor, in many cases, particularly those in metabolic reactions, that cofator is a form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is used in anabolic reactions while nicot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hyperspectral remote sensing is used in a wide array of applications. Although originally developed for mining and geology (the ability of hyperspectral imaging to identify various minerals makes it ideal for the mining and oil industries, where it can be used to look for ore and oil), it has now spread into fields as ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In an Iowa prairie restoration project, meadow voles experienced an initial population increase during the initial stage of vegetation succession (old field dominated by foxtail grass (Setaria spp.), red clover (Trifolium pratense), annual ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and thistles (Cirs... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2018, researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), the Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials (TISNCM), and the National University of Science and Technology (MISIS) announced a prototype using 2-micron thick layers of Ni foil sandwiched between 200 10-micron diam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sphingolipidoses are a group of diseases that are associated with the accumulation of sphingolipids which have not been degraded correctly, normally due to a defect in a glycoside hydrolase enzyme. Sphingolipidoses are typically inherited, and their effects depend on which enzyme is affected, and the degree of impairme... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This mechanism is found very commonly in everyday life, including central heating, air conditioning, steam turbines, and in many other machines. Forced convection is often encountered by engineers designing or analyzing heat exchangers, pipe flow, and flow over a plate at a different temperature than the stream (the ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In semiconductor physics, this equation is called the drift–diffusion equation. The word "drift" is related to drift current and drift velocity. The equation is normally written:
where
* and are the concentrations (densities) of electrons and holes, respectively,
* is the elementary charge,
* and are the electric cur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For hard particles, Pauling's rules are useful in understanding the structure of ionic compounds in the early days, and the later entropy maximization principle shows favor of dense packing in the system. Therefore, finding the densest packing for a given shape is a starting point for predicting the structure of hard n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An S1 reaction occurs when a molecule separates into a positively charged component and a negatively charged component. This generally occurs in highly polar solvents through a process called solvolysis. The positively charged component then reacts with a nucleophile forming a new compound. S1 reactions are reactions... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Geminal dithiols have the formula RR'C(SH). They are derived from aldehydes and ketones by the action of hydrogen sulfide. Their stability contrasts with the rarity of geminal diols. Examples include methanedithiol, ethane-1,1-dithiol, and cyclohexane-1,1-dithiol. Upon heating, gem-dithiols often release hydrogen sulfi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of the full or partial positive charge on the element directly attached to the ring for each of these groups, they all have a moderate to strong electron-withdrawing inductive effect (known as the -I effect). They also exhibit electron-withdrawing resonance effects, (known as the -M effect):
Thus, these groups ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A nanocrystalline (NC) material is a polycrystalline material with a crystallite size of only a few nanometers. These materials fill the gap between amorphous materials without any long range order and conventional coarse-grained materials. Definitions vary, but nanocrystalline material is commonly defined as a crystal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Victoria F. Samanidou is a Greek analytical chemist. She is a professor at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Thessaloniki, Greece. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is possible to run experiments in flow using more sophisticated techniques, such as solid phase chemistries. Solid phase reagents, catalysts or scavengers can be used in solution and pumped through glass columns, for example, the synthesis of alkaloid natural product oxomaritidine using solid phase chemistries.
Ther... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As already described, chiral liquid-crystal molecules usually give rise to chiral mesophases. This means that the molecule must possess some form of asymmetry, usually a stereogenic center. An additional requirement is that the system not be racemic: a mixture of right- and left-handed molecules will cancel the chiral ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, isodiazomethane, also known as isocyanamide, aminoisonitrile, or systematically as isocyanoamine, is the parent compound of a class of derivatives of general formula RN–NC. It has the condensed formula HN–N≡C, making it an isomer of diazomethane. It is prepared by protonating an ethereal solution... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In coordination chemistry, a stability constant (also called formation constant or binding constant) is an equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex in solution. It is a measure of the strength of the interaction between the reagents that come together to form the complex. There are two main kinds of complex:... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first case is a thick ring in an external magnetic field (Fig. 3a). The currents in a superconductor only flow in a thin layer at the surface. The thickness of this layer is determined by the so-called London penetration depth. It is of μm size or less. We consider a loop far away from the surface so that v = 0 eve... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Patches have been demonstrated to be a promising detection platform for sweat diagnostics. Simple, long-term collection devices which check for drugs of abuse or alcohol are already on the market and operate on the following principle: a user applies the patch which then collects sweat over a period of hours or days, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Current research related to VMAT uses VMAT2 knockout mice to explore the behavioral genetics of this transporter in an animal model. VMAT2 knockouts are known to be lethal as homozygotes, but heterozygote knockouts are not lethal and are used in many studies as a durable animal model.
From knockout and knockdown mice, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protocell research has created controversy and opposing opinions, including criticism of vague definitions of "artificial life". The creation of a basic unit of life is the most pressing ethical concern, although the most widespread worry about protocells is their potential threat to human health and the environment th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On subcellular distribution, histamine N-methyltransferase protein in humans is mainly localized to the nucleoplasm (which is an organelle, i.e., a subunit of a cell) and cytosol (which is the intracellular fluid, i.e., a fluid inside cells). In addition, it is localized to the centrosome (another organelle).
In humans... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coupled reactions are reactions whose rate or equilibrium constant is not the same for the oxidized and reduced forms of the species that is being investigated. For example, reduction should favour protonation (): the protonation reaction is coupled to the reduction at . The binding of a small molecule (other than the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Potentiometric pH meters measure the voltage between two electrodes and display the result converted into the corresponding pH value. They comprise a simple electronic amplifier and a pair of electrodes, or alternatively a combination electrode, and some form of display calibrated in pH units. It usually has a glass el... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The electric dipole moment of the dioxygen molecule, is zero, but the molecule is paramagnetic with two unpaired electrons so that there are magnetic-dipole allowed transitions which can be observed by microwave spectroscopy. The unit electron spin has three spatial orientations with respect to the given molecular rot... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A historic example of L1-conferred disease is Haemophilia A, which is caused by insertional mutagenesis. There are nearly 100 examples of known diseases caused by retroelement insertions, including some types of cancer and neurological disorders. Correlation between L1 mobilization and oncogenesis has been reported for... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2008, Ardisson and his co-workers reported a strategy that applies a crotyltitanation reaction repeatedly to yield homoallylic (Z)-O-ene-carbamate alcohols with excellent selectivity. This crotyltitanation reaction not only efficiently produces the syn-anti methyl-hydroxy-methyl triads of (+)-discodermolide, but als... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are three common types of chemical reaction where normality is used as a measure of reactive species in solution:
*In acid-base chemistry, normality is used to express the concentration of hydronium ions (HO) or hydroxide ions (OH) in a solution. Here, is an integer value. Each solute can produce one or more equ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The configuration index has two digits which are the priority numbers of the ligands separated by the largest angle. The lowest priority number of the pair is quoted first. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Upon working on the Manhattan Project, the German physicist Maria Goeppert Mayer became interested in the properties of nuclear fission products, such as decay energies and half-lives. In 1948, she published a body of experimental evidence for the occurrence of closed nuclear shells for nuclei with 50 or 82 protons or ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase F (ndhF) gene is found in all vascular plant divisions and is highly conserved. Its DNA fragment resides in the small single-copy region of the chloroplast genome, and is thought to encode a hydrophobic protein containing 664 amino acids and to have a mass of 72.9 kDa. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A quinone dimethide (or "xylylene") is a compound with the formula CH(=CH). Thus they are related to quinone monomethides (the topic of this article) by replacing the keto group with methylidene. A well studied example is tetracyanoquinodimethane. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The element is named after ytterbite, a mineral first identified in 1787 by the chemist Carl Axel Arrhenius. He named the mineral after the village of Ytterby, in Sweden, where it had been discovered. When one of the chemicals in ytterbite was later found to be a previously unidentified element, the element was then n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The polyprismanes consist of multiple prismanes stacked base-to-base. The carbons at each intermediate level—the n-gon bases where the prismanes fuse to each other—have no hydrogen atoms attached to them. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei composed of protons and neutrons, this is equal to the proton number (n) or the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. The atomic number can be used t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A widespread experimental investigation of DSW material systems and evolution of related practical devices has been largely limited by the stringent anisotropy conditions necessary for successful DSW propagation, particularly the high degree of birefringence of at least one of the constituent materials and the limited ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A wallpaper is a mathematical object covering a whole Euclidean plane by repeating a motif indefinitely, in manner that certain isometries keep the drawing unchanged. For each wallpaper there corresponds a group of congruent transformations, with function composition as the group operation. Thus, a wallpaper group (or ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most companies pursuing algae as a source of biofuels pump nutrient-rich water through plastic or borosilicate glass tubes (called "bioreactors" ) that are exposed to sunlight (and so-called photobioreactors or PBR).
Running a PBR is more difficult than using an open pond, and costlier, but may provide a higher level o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shiny metal surfaces, have low emissivities both in the visible wavelengths and in the far infrared. Such surfaces can be used to reduce heat transfer in both directions; an example of this is the multi-layer insulation used to insulate spacecraft.
Since any electromagnetic radiation, including thermal radiation, conve... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Bacteria: The code is used in Entomoplasmatales and Mycoplasmatales (Bove et al. 1989). The situation in the Acholeplasmatales is unclear. Based on a study of ribosomal protein genes, it had been concluded that UGA does not code for tryptophan in plant-pathogenic mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) and the Acholeplasma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
: M–R + M → M + M–R.
In redox-transmetalation a ligand is transferred from one metal to the other through an intermolecular mechanism. During the reaction one of the metal centers is oxidized and the other is reduced. The electronegativities of the metals and ligands is what causes the reaction to go forward. If M is m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two key properties of β-W have been well-established: the high electrical resistivity and the giant spin Hall effect.
Although the exact value depends on the preparation conditions, β-W has an electrical resistivity of at least five to ten times higher than that of α-W (5.3 μΩ.cm), and this high conductivity will rema... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The primary translation product of SFRP1 contains an atypical signaling sequence, where a chain of 15 hydrophilic amino acids precede the hydrophobic domain. Looking at 7 tumors without the truncating mutation, the retained SFRP1 allele contained an in-frame three-base insertion after nucleotide 37. This is thought t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The excavations at Hammeh are part of the Deir 'Alla Regional Project, a joint undertaking of Yarmouk University in Irbid, Jordan, and Leiden University in the Netherlands, in collaboration with the Jordanian Department of Antiquities.
The site's most intriguing feature is the presence of a substantial and very early i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
EFDA (1999 — 2013) has been followed by EUROfusion, which is a consortium of national fusion research institutes located in the European Union and Switzerland.
The European Union has a strongly coordinated nuclear fusion research programme. At the European level, the so-called [http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) functions in converting genetic information from genes into the amino acid sequences of proteins. The three universal types of RNA include transfer RNA (tRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Messenger RNA acts to carry genetic sequence information between DNA and ribosomes, direc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With the publication of "Expansion of C ecosystems as an indicator of global ecological change in the late Miocene" in 1993, Cerling, helped by Yang Wang and Jay Quade, made relevant studies relatively to carbon isotopes. Thanks to a deep analysis of palaeovegetation from palaeosols and palaeodiet measured in fossil to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1983, Philip P. Power synthesized a transition-metal complex containing P=P double bond (trans–{[2}) via a simple one-step procedure. They mixed Na[Fe(CO)] and dichlorobis(trimethylsilyl)methylphosphine and got dark red-brown crystals, which was the first complex that contained an unbridged P-P double bond. Ea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ubiquinol oxidases () are enzymes in the bacterial electron transport chain that oxidise ubiquinol into ubiquinone and reduce oxygen to water. These enzymes are one set of the many alternative terminal oxidases in the branched prokaryotic electron transport chain. The overall structure of the E. coli ubiquinol oxidase ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These results in optics have been confirmed in 2011 in hydrodynamics with experiments carried out in a 15-m long water wave tank. In 2013, complementary experiments using a scale model of a chemical tanker ship have discussed the potential devastating effects on the ship. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1965, Chinese scientists first synthesized crystalline bovine insulin (), which was the first functional crystalline protein being fully synthesized in the world. Research on synthesizing bovine insulin started on 1958. Members in the research group were from the Chemistry Department of Beijing University (), Shangh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polymers, especially conductive ones, have been widely researched to coat electrode surfaces. Conductive polymers are organic materials that have properties similar to metals and semiconductors in their ability conduct electricity and attractive optical properties. These materials have rough surfaces, resulting in larg... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In these methods, the time measurement has been replaced by a measurement of the inverse of time (frequency).
Kundt's tube is an example of an experiment which can be used to measure the speed of sound in a small volume. It has the advantage of being able to measure the speed of sound in any gas. This method uses a pow... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Samples with very low concentrations are difficult to measure accurately due to the radioactive atoms unexpectedly depositing on surfaces. Sample loss at trace levels may be due to adhesion to container walls and filter surface sites by ionic or electrostatic adsorption, as well as metal foils and glass slides. Sampl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In humans, L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria was the first disease linked to a missing metabolite repair enzyme. Mutations in the L2HGDH gene cause accumulation of L-2-hydroxyglutarate, which is a structural analog to glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate and presumably inhibits other enzymes or transporters. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The presence of swirling motion, i.e., is shown not to influence the axial motion given by provided . If is very large, the presence of swirl completely alters the motion on the axial plane. For , the azimuthal solution can be solved in terms of the circulation , where . The solution can be described in terms of the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a major "energy currency" of the cell. The high energy bonds between the phosphate groups can be broken to power a variety of reactions used in all aspects of cell function.
Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in the cytoplasm of cells during glycolysis and in mitochondria either duri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Discodermolide was first isolated in 1990 from the Caribbean marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta by chemist Dr. Sarath Gunasekera and biologist Dr. Ross Longley, scientists at the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. The sponge contained 0.002% of discodermolide (7 mg/434 g of sponge). Since the compound is light-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This kind of equilibrium constant measures how a substance distributes or partitions itself between two immiscible solvents. It is called the partition coefficient or distribution coefficient. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Avoiding the use of pressure to introduce the mobile phase into the column, results in a number of important advantages. Firstly, the pressure driven flow rate across a column depends directly on the square of the particle diameter and inversely on the length of the column. This restricts the length of the column and s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The chemical and biochemical properties of Mg present the cellular system with a significant challenge when transporting the ion across biological membranes. The dogma of ion transport states that the transporter recognises the ion then progressively removes the water of hydration, removing most or all of the water at ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioaerosols include fungi, bacteria, viruses, and pollen. Their concentrations are greatest in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and decrease with altitude. Survival rate of bioaerosols depends on a number of biotic and abiotic factors which include climatic conditions, ultraviolet (UV) light, temperature and humidity... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, by retrotransposon mobile genetic elements to proliferate within the host ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
During World War II, Huizenga supervised teams at the Manhattan Project in Oak Ridge, Tenn., involved in enriching uranium used in the atomic weapon dropped on Hiroshima in August 1945. During his Argonne years, as a result of examining debris from the "Ivy Mike" nuclear test in 1952, Huizenga was part of the team that... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lawrence Elgin Glendenin (November 8, 1918November 22, 2008) was an American chemist who co-discovered the element promethium. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Information about quantities at the lateral boundaries can be taken into account as surface measurements and upper air soundings. Therefore, a key word and the time when boundary data is given must occur in front of a set of boundary information. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) is a spectroscopic technique that examines the interactions of fluorescent particles of different colours as they randomly diffuse through a microscopic detection volume over time, under steady conditions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dai is editor of books including:
* Hai-Lung Dai, Robert W. Field (editors) (1995). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31901502 Molecular dynamics and spectroscopy by stimulated emission pumping]. Singapore; New Jersey; London; Hong Kong: World Scientific. .
* Hai-Lung Dai, Wilson Ho (editors) (1995). [https://www.worldcat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RiPPs constitute one of the major superfamilies of natural products, like alkaloids, terpenoids, and nonribosomal peptides, although they tend to be large, with molecular weights commonly in excess of 1000 Da. The advent of next-generation sequencing methods has made genome mining of RiPPs a common strategy. In part du... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Rayleigh flow model begins with a differential equation that relates the change in Mach number with the change in stagnation temperature, T. The differential equation is shown below.
Solving the differential equation leads to the relation shown below, where T* is the stagnation temperature at the throat location o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET) is a neurochemical model suggesting specific functional roles of main neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of behaviour. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Between 1882 and 1886 Schuyler Wheeler invented a fan powered by electricity. It was commercially marketed by the American firm Crocker & Curtis electric motor company. In 1885 a desktop direct drive electric fan was commercially available by Stout, Meadowcraft & Co. in New York.
In 1882, Philip Diehl developed the wor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Public Analysts are scientists in the British Isles whose principal task is to ensure the safety and correct description of food by testing for compliance with legislation. Most Public Analysts are also Agricultural Analysts who carry out similar work on animal feedingstuffs and fertilisers. Nowadays this includes che... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Letters in Organic Chemistry (usually abbreviated as Lett. Org. Chem.), is a peer-reviewed monthly scientific journal, published since 2004 by Bentham Science Publishers. Letters in Organic Chemistry is indexed in: Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), EBSCOhost, British Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus.
Letters... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many mechanisms exist reflecting the myriad types of cross-couplings, including those that do not require metal catalysts. Often, however, cross-coupling refers to a metal-catalyzed reaction of a nucleophilic partner with an electrophilic partner.
In such cases, the mechanism generally involves reductive elimination o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The high strength of silicon–halogen bonds can be leveraged toward the synthesis of phosphaalkynes. Heating bis-trimethylsilylated methyldichlorophosphines ((SiMe)CRPCl) under vacuum results in the expulsion of two equivalents of chlorotrimethylsilane and the ultimate formation of a new phosphaalkyne. This synthetic st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
HRI (encoded in humans by the gene EIF2AK1) also dimerizes in order to autophosphorylate and activate. This activation is dependent on the presence of heme. HRI has two domains that heme may bind to, including one on the N-terminus and one on the kinase insertion domain. The presence of heme causes a disulfide bond to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Boyle temperature is formally defined as the temperature for which the second virial coefficient, , becomes zero.
It is at this temperature that the attractive forces and the repulsive forces acting on the gas particles balance out
This is the virial equation of state and describes a real gas.
Since higher order v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stability is among the essential properties of a CRM (see definitions above), and stability assessment is accordingly required for certified reference materials. Stability under long term storage and also under conditions of transport are both expected to be assessed. "Assessment" is not synonymous with "testing"; some... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, an α-hydrogen in an aldehyde is weakly acidic with a pK near 17. Note, however, this is much more acidic than an alkane or ether hydrogen, which has pK near 50 approximately, and is even more acidic than a ketone α-hydrogen which has pK near 20. This acidificati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Herbicide resistance became a critical problem in Australian agriculture, after many Australian sheep farmers began to exclusively grow wheat in their pastures in the 1970s. Introduced varieties of ryegrass, while good for grazing sheep, compete intensely with wheat. Ryegrasses produce so many seeds that, if left unche... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Iodine-129 decays with a half-life of 15.7 Ma into Xe, resulting in excess Xe in primitive meteorites relative to primordial Xe isotopic compositions. The property of I can be used in radiometric chronology. However, as detailed below, the age of Earth's formation cannot be deduced directly from I-Xe dating. The major ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TEs are mutagens and due to the contribution to the formation of new cis-regulatory DNA elements that are connected to many transcription factors that are found in living cells; TEs can undergo many evolutionary mutations and alterations. These are often the causes of genetic disease, and gives the potential lethal eff... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A pulsed Fourier-transform spectrometer does not employ transmittance techniques. In the most general description of pulsed FT spectrometry, a sample is exposed to an energizing event which causes a periodic response. The frequency of the periodic response, as governed by the field conditions in the spectrometer, is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Collected water is filtered through the strata of soil or engineering growing soil, called substrate. After the soil reaches its saturation limit, excess water pools on the surface of the soil and eventually infiltrates the natural soil below. The bioretention soil mixture should typically contain 60% sand, 20% compost... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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