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Because polymers and polymer solution often have a very high viscosity, the flow in devolatilizers is laminar, leading to low heat transfer coefficients, which can also be a limiting factor. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Invented by Arnold O. Beckman in 1940 , the spectrophotometer was created with the aid of his colleagues at his company National Technical Laboratories founded in 1935 which would become Beckman Instrument Company and ultimately Beckman Coulter. This would come as a solution to the previously created spectrophotometers... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The case for an oscillating far-field flow, with the plate held at rest, can easily be constructed from the previous solution for an oscillating plate by using linear superposition of solutions. Consider a uniform velocity oscillation far away from the plate and a vanishing velocity at the plate . Unlike the stationar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ibuprofen, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and beta-blockers have been reported in some preliminary studies to decrease REE, which may allow patients to meet their caloric needs and gain weight. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The USPS warned that a number of products could be adversely affected, such as seeds, photographic film, biological samples, food, medicines, and electronic equipment. In the process of irradiation, mail is exposed to extreme heat. Paper is weakened and may appear to have been aged, with discoloration (e.g., yellowing)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biology, iron plays a number of roles. Iron is widespread in most living organisms and is essential for their function. In microbes, iron redox chemistry is utilized as an electron donor or receptor in microbial metabolism, allowing microbes to generate energy. In the oceans, iron is essential for the growth and sur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Questioning the current dogma is a design feature of Guy Bertrand's research program. He has made many important contributions to the chemistry of main group elements and new binding systems in inorganic, organometallic and organic chemistry. Throughout his career, he has isolated a variety of species that were suppose... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
From the digging of ancient Roman ruins, one knows that approximately 95% of the concretes and mortars constituting the Roman buildings consist of a very simple lime cement, which hardened slowly through the precipitating action of carbon dioxide , from the atmosphere and formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
thumb|right|450px|Fig. 2. Ser-Recombinases: The (essentially irreversible) subunit-rotation pathway.<br /><br />Contrary to Tyr-recombinases, the four participating DNA strands are cut in synchrony at points staggered by only 2 bp (leaving little room for proofreading). Subunit-rotation (180°) permits the exchange of s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Note that
where m is the mass of particle i.
To prove this, we need to use two facts:
:*The square of a particle's four momentum is the square of its mass,
:*And conservation of four-momentum,
So, to begin,
Then adding the three while inserting squared masses leads to,
Then note that the last four terms add up to zero ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrophilic substitution of unsaturated silanes involves attack of an electrophile on an allyl- or vinylsilane. An allyl or vinyl group is incorporated at the electrophilic center after loss of the silyl group. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Kalpa Sūtra () is a Jain text containing the biographies of the Jain Tirthankaras, notably Parshvanatha and Mahavira. Traditionally ascribed to Bhadrabahu, which would place it in the 4th century BCE, it was probably put in writing 980 or 993 years after the Nirvana (Moksha) of Mahavira. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An EOSFET or electrolyte–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor is a FET, like a MOSFET, but with an electrolyte solution replacing the metal for the detection of neuronal activity. Many EOSFETs are integrated in a neurochip. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A number of different types of chemical cycles geochemical cycles occur on Earth. Biogeochemical cycles play an important role in sustaining the biosphere.
Notable active chemical cycles on Earth include:
* Carbon cycle – consisting of an atmospheric carbon cycle (and carbon dioxide cycle), terrestrial biological carbo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbohydrate chemistry is a subdiscipline of chemistry primarily concerned with the detection, synthesis, structure, and function of carbohydrates. Due to the general structure of carbohydrates, their synthesis is often preoccupied with the selective formation of glycosidic linkages and the selective reaction of hydrox... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
O adducts derived from cobalt(II) and iron(II) complexes of porphyrin (and related anionic macrocyclic ligands) exhibit this bonding mode. Myoglobin and hemoglobin are famous examples, and many synthetic analogues have been described that behave similarly. Binding of O is usually described as proceeding by electron tr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Drosophila melanogaster has three transferrin genes and is highly divergent from all other model clades, Ciona intestinalis one, Danio rerio has three highly divergent from each other, as do Takifugu rubripes and Xenopus tropicalis and Gallus gallus, while Monodelphis domestica has two divergent orthologs, and Mus musc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 2024 Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM)
* 2023 Society for Biological Inorganic Chemistry Early Career Award
* 2022 Australian Financial Review Emerging Leader in Higher Education
* 2020 Chemosensors Young Investigator Award
* 2019 Malcolm McIntosh Prize for Physical Scientist of the Year
*2018 Royal Society of Ne... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pan evaporation is a measurement that combines or integrates the effects of several climate elements: temperature, humidity, rain fall, drought dispersion, solar radiation, and wind. Evaporation is greatest on hot, windy, dry, sunny days; and is greatly reduced when clouds block the sun and when air is cool, calm, and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In statistical mechanics, the microcanonical ensemble is a particular statistical ensemble which is used to make predictions about the outcomes of experiments performed on isolated systems that are believed to be in equilibrium with an exactly known energy. The microcanonical ensemble is based upon the assumption that,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The hijack of an enhancer from another gene allows the analysis of the function of that enhancer. This, especially if the reporter gene is for a fluorescent protein, can be used to help map expression of the mutated gene through the organism, and is a very powerful tool. It is a useful tool for looking at gene expressi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) is an international environmental toxicology and environmental chemistry organization. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The analogy between heat transfer and mass transfer is strictly limited to binary diffusion in dilute (ideal) solutions for which the mass transfer rates are low enough that mass transfer has no effect on the velocity field. The concentration of the diffusing species must be low enough that the chemical potential gradi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*[http://www.crystalimpact.com/match/Default.htm Match!] (method: powder diffraction fingerprinting)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080616153210/http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist3.htm NIST Crystal Data] (method: lattice matching)
*[http://www.icdd.com/ Powder Diffraction File (PDF)] (method: powder diffraction fingerprinti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fung was born in Jiangsu Province, China in 1919. He earned a bachelors degree in 1941 and a masters degree in 1943 from the National Central University (later renamed Nanjing University in mainland China and reinstated in Taiwan), and earned a Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1948. Fung was Profess... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chiral analysis refers to the quantification of component enantiomers of racemic drug substances or pharmaceutical compounds. Other synonyms commonly used include enantiomer analysis, enantiomeric analysis, and enantioselective analysis. Chiral analysis includes all analytical procedures focused on the characterization... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For angiogenesis inhibition activity, an intact glutarimide ring seems to be required. Different groups were tested in the R position. The substances that had nitrogen salts as the R group showed good activity. The improved angiogenesis inhibitory activity could be due to increased solubility or that the positively cha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2018, deulinoleate ethyl was given to a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) under a "compassionate use scheme". | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In glycol cleavage, the C−C bond in a vicinal diol is cleaved with formation of ketone or aldehyde functional groups. See Diol oxidation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of anisomycins wide use as a protein synthesis inhibitor, there have been many studies centered on the biosynthesis of anisomycin. One study by Butler in 1974 proposed possible precursors to this natural product. Fermentation of Streptomyces' with labeled amino acids was followed by a degradation of the radioac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antimony oxychloride, known since the 15th century, has been known by a plethora of alchemical names. Since the compound functions as both an emetic and a laxative, it was originally used as a purgative. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photo-oxidation is the combined action of UV-light and oxygen and is the most significant factor in the weathering of plastics. Although many polymers do not absorb UV-light, they often contain impurities like hydroperoxide and carbonyl groups introduced during thermal processing, which do. These act as photoinitiators... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycorandomization, is a drug discovery and drug development technology platform to enable the rapid diversification of bioactive small molecules, drug leads and/or approved drugs through the attachment of sugars. Initially developed as a facile method to manipulate carbohydrate substitutions of naturally occurring gly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In August, MPMC submitted an interim erosion plan and a sediment control plan to mitigate ongoing erosion and sediment transport downstream, to control further flow from the tailings area, and to improve the quality of water flowing into Quesnel Lake. In the beginning of September 2014, a berm to prevent further spread... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the mid- to late 1980s, researchers have increasingly focused on genetic studies with the advancing sequencing technologies. The GenBank database was established in 1982 for the collection, management, storage, and distribution of DNA sequence data due to the increasing availability of DNA sequences. With the increa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metal ions are essential to the function of many proteins present in living organisms, such as metalloproteins and enzymes that require metal ions as cofactors. Processes including oxygen transport and DNA replication are carried out using enzymes such as DNA polymerase, which in humans requires magnesium and zinc to f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The citric acid cycle is regulated mainly by the availability of key substrates, particularly the ratio of NAD to NADH and the concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate, ATP, ADP, and AMP. Citrate – the ion that gives its name to the cycle – is a feedback inhibitor of citrate synthase and also inhibits PFK, provid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Elevated levels of the hormone insulin in the blood trigger downregulation of the associated receptors. When insulin binds to its receptors on the surface of a cell, the hormone receptor complex undergoes endocytosis and is subsequently attacked by intracellular lysosomal enzymes. The internalization of the insulin mol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Société Chimique de France (SCF) is a learned society and professional association founded in 1857 to represent the interests of French chemists in a variety of ways in local, national and international contexts. Until 2009 the organization was known as the Société Française de Chimie. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Boardsport riders are "footed" in one of two stances, generally called "regular" and "goofy". Riders will generally quickly choose a preferred stance that becomes permanently preferred. A "regular" stance indicates the left foot leading on the board with the right foot pushing, while a "goofy" stance leads with the rig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The second ORF of L1 encodes a protein that has endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activity. The encoded protein has a molecular weight of 150 kDa. The structure of the ORF2 protein was solved in 2023. Its protein core contains three domains of unknown functions, termed "tower/EN-linker" and "wrist/RNA-binding doma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By the above assumptions the flowfield is Conservative vector field, which means that there
exists a perturbation velocity potential such that the total velocity vector is given by
and that satisfies Laplace's equation.
Laplace's equation is a second order linear equation, and being so it is subject
to the princip... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oxaloacetate is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle, where it reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate, catalyzed by citrate synthase. It is also involved in gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis. Oxaloacetate is also a potent inhibitor of complex II. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Historically, the reduction of iron ore without smelting is the oldest process for obtaining steel. Low-temperature furnaces, unable to reach the melting temperatures of iron alloys, produce a burr, a heterogeneous agglomerate of metallic iron more or less impregnated with carbon, gangue, and charcoal. This process was... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Historically, many places kept left, while many others kept right, often within the same country. There are many myths that attempt to explain why one or the other is preferred. About 90 percent of people are right-handed, and many explanations reference this. Horses are traditionally mounted from the left, and led fro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The knowledge of transition state structure has been used to design oseltamivir analogues. For example, the triazole-containing carbocycles by Von Itzstein and Pinto group and the phosphonate analogue of oseltamivir has been reported to show stronger activity resulted from a pertinent binding mode of phosphonate with t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There was another small group of scientists at Tufts College in Medford, Massachusetts that had become involved in research of the pinch effect. Although their work was not officially part of the Atomic Energy Commission, some of their personnel attended the Sherwood conferences. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [https://github.com/RaymondMcGuire/GPU-Based-Image-Processing-Tools GPU Based Image Processing Tools by Raymond McGuire]
* [https://www.paraview.org/Wiki/ParaView/Line%20Integral%20Convolution ParaView : Line Integral Convolution]
* [https://github.com/andresbejarano/2DFlowVisualization A 2D flow visualization tool b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are several techniques for the assembly of glycoproteins. One technique utilizes recombination. The first consideration for this method is the choice of host, as there are many different factors that can influence the success of glycoprotein recombination such as cost, the host environment, the efficacy of the pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Along with the emerging diagnostic capabilities of pharmacometabolomics, there are limitations introduced when individual variability is looked at. The ability to determine an individual's physiological state by measurement of metabolites is not contested, but the extreme variability that can be introduced by age, nutr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* At high glucose levels, acetyl-CoA is produced through glycolysis. Pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation in which it loses its carboxyl group (as carbon dioxide) to form acetyl-CoA, giving off 33.5 kJ/mol of energy. The oxidative conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA is referred to as the pyruvate dehydrogena... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Tenofovir alafenamide: A pro-drug of the nucleotide analogue tenofovir, critical for HIV treatment.
*AMPA: Aminomethylphosphonic acid, degradation product of glyphosate
*Vinylphosphonic acid: monomer
*Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), one of the simplest phosphonate diesters
*Etidronic acid (HEDP): 1-hydroxyethyliden... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Inco Superstack in Sudbury, Ontario, with a height of , is the tallest chimney in Canada and the Western Hemisphere, and the second-tallest freestanding chimney in the world after the Ekibastuz GRES-2 Power Station in Kazakhstan. It is also the second-tallest freestanding structure of any type in Canada, behind the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Figure 1 to the right explains the basic principle, in which the organic extractant E is contained inside the pores of a porous particle. The solute S, which is initially dissolved in the aqueous phase surrounding the SIR particle, physically dissolves in the organic extractant phase during the extraction process. Furt... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ratsimamanga was awarded the Grand Cross of the Malagasy National Order, First Class Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor of France, Grand Officer of the National Order of Scientific Merit of France, National Order of the Lion of Senegal, Commander o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Waters was appointed as a lecturer in chemistry at Auckland in 1961, rising to the rank of full professor in 1970. In 1969, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Science by the University of Auckland on the basis of published papers submitted.
Waters served as assistant vice chancellor of the University of Auckland be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The name "zincate" may also refer to a polymeric anion with formula approaching [], which forms salts such as ·, or to mixed oxides of zinc and less electronegative elements, such as . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since many algal blooms are caused by a major influx of nutrient-rich runoff into a water body, programs to treat wastewater, reduce the overuse of fertilizers in agriculture and reducing the bulk flow of runoff can be effective for reducing severe algal blooms at river mouths, estuaries, and the ocean directly in fron... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gottfried Münzenberg was born on 17 March 1940, into a family of Protestant ministers (father Pastor Heinz and mother Helene Münzenberg). All his life he was deeply concerned about the philosophical and theological implications of physics. He studied physics at Justus-Liebig-Universität in Giessen and Leopold-Franzens-... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfonyl chlorides react with water to give the corresponding sulfonic acid:
These compounds react readily with many other nucleophiles as well, most notably alcohols and amines (see Hinsberg reaction). If the nucleophile is an alcohol, the product is a sulfonate ester; if it is an amine, the product is a sulfonamide. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To determine saponification value, the sample is treated with an excess of alkali (usually an ethanolic solution of potassium hydroxide) for half an hour under reflux. The KOH is consumed by reaction with triglycerides, which consume three equivalents of base. Diglycerides consume two equivalents of KOH. Monoglycerid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SDS may reduce the amount of bad breath-causing volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in the mouth. A series of small crossover studies (25–34 patients) have supported the efficacy of SLS in the reduction of VSCs, and its related positive impact on breath malodor, although these studies have been generally noted to reflect ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The table below lists common flocculants along with their chemical formulas, net electrical charge, molecular weight and current applications. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A frozen zoo is a storage facility in which genetic materials taken from animals (e.g. DNA, sperm, eggs, embryos and live tissue) are stored at very low temperatures (−196 °C) in tanks of liquid nitrogen. Material preserved in this way can be stored indefinitely and used for artificial insemination, in vitro fertilizat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HIV-1 RT is an asymmetric heterodimer which is 1000 amino acid long and is composed of two subunits. The larger subunit, p66, is 560 amino acid long and it exhibits all the enzymatic activities of the RT. The smaller subunit, called p51, is 440 amino acid long and it is considered to stabilize the heterodimer but also ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Among historians of philosophy and science, the verse is often understood as a reference to the supposed effects of celestial mechanics upon terrestrial events. This would include the effects of the Sun upon the change of seasons, or those of the Moon upon the tides, but also more elaborate astrological effects.
Accord... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This is accomplished by comparing the different HERV from different evolutionary periods. For example, this study was done for different hominoids, which ranged from humans to apes and to monkeys. This is difficult to do with PERV because of the large diversity present. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The MAM is enriched in enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis, such as phosphatidylserine synthase on the ER face and phosphatidylserine decarboxylase on the mitochondrial face. Because mitochondria are dynamic organelles constantly undergoing fission and fusion events, they require a constant and well-regulated supply... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Substantial findings indicate photosynthetic picoplankton, picocyanobacteria, and phytoplankton activity creates favorable conditions for carbonate precipitation. This link arises as a result of [http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/02_02/bloom_art.shtml planktonic blooms] being observed coinciding with the events... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aside from sharing the same absolute stereochemistry as leptomycin B, callystatin A was discovered to have similar biological activity with leptomycin B as well. The anti-tumor activity of leptomycin B and callystatin A arises because many NES-cargo molecules blocked by these antibiotics are those involved in the cellu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
William Procter, Jr., who graduated from, then taught at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy for 20 years, went on to exert so much influence over the formative years of professional pharmacy that hes now widely considered the "Father of American Pharmacy." Procter successfully argued for the establishment of a chair... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first phase, from 2020 to 2025, would be structured to build the foundation for a concerted global effort, and would aim to collect, characterize and make available existing pharmacological modulators for key representatives from all proteins families in the current druggable genome (~4,000 proteins), as well as to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Crimped or pressed connections use special copper fittings which are permanently attached to rigid copper tubing with a powered crimper. The special fittings, manufactured with sealant already inside, slide over the tubing to be connected. Thousands of pounds-force per square inch of pressure are used to deform the f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The classical examples of the two nearly ideal types of electrodes, polarizable and non-polarizable, are the mercury droplet electrode in contact with an oxygen-free KCl solution and the silver/silver chloride electrode, respectively. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Young's modulus of a mineral can be predicted by varying one cell parameter at a time and observing the evolution of the stress tensor. Because the raw output of a simulation includes energy and volume, the integrated version of the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state is often used to determine bulk modulus. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ernst was born in Winterthur, Switzerland on 14 August 1933 to Robert Ernst and Irma Ernst-Brunner. He was the oldest of three children of Irma Brunner and Robert Ernst. He grew up in a house built in 1898 by his grandfather, who was a merchant. During his childhood, he was interested in music, playing the violoncello ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wet storage stain can be prevented for a limited amount of time by coating in a light oil, chromate conversion coatings, or phosphate conversion coatings. A more permanent solution is to paint the surface. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
is used in the semiconductor industry in plasma etching of silicon oxide and silicon nitride. Known as R-23 or HFC-23, it was also a useful refrigerant, sometimes as a replacement for chlorotrifluoromethane (CFC-13) and is a byproduct of its manufacture.
When used as a fire suppressant, the fluoroform carries the DuPon... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In November 1940 McTaggart worked at Carbide Works at Electrona in Tasmania until mid-1941, then returned to Melbourne to live at 4 Kenilworth Gve. Glen Iris. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemogenetics is the process by which macromolecules can be engineered to interact with previously unrecognized small molecules. Chemogenetics as a term was originally coined to describe the observed effects of mutations on chalcone isomerase activity on substrate specificities in the flowers of Dianthus caryophyllus. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Results will vary depending on sample adulteration, quantity, temperature, lighting, exposure to air, storage, as well as reagent quality and degradation. Colorimetric techniques have been developed.
If more than one bottle are open at the same time and the cap are put on the wrong reagent bottle, this may cross-contam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since different radiation types have different biological effects for the same deposited energy, a corrective radiation weighting factor W, which is dependent on the radiation type and on the target tissue, is applied to convert the absorbed dose measured in the unit gray to determine the equivalent dose. The result is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Late transition metals from groups 10, 11, and 12 when placed at the anomeric carbon show strong axial preferences. This phenomenon termed as the metallo-anomeric effect originates from stabilizing hyperconjugative interactions between oxygen or other heteroatoms with lone pairs and C-M anti-bonding orbitals that act a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Any form of TST, such as microcanonical variational TST, canonical variational TST, and improved canonical variational TST, in which the transition state is not necessarily located at the saddle point, is referred to as generalized transition state theory. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The diphosphorus allotrope () can normally be obtained only under extreme conditions (for example, from at 1100 kelvin). In 2006, the diatomic molecule was generated in homogeneous solution under normal conditions with the use of transition metal complexes (for example, tungsten and niobium).
Diphosphorus is the gaseo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In nuclear chemistry, the actinide concept (also known as actinide hypothesis) proposed that the actinides form a second inner transition series homologous to the lanthanides. Its origins stem from observation of lanthanide-like properties in transuranic elements in contrast to the distinct complex chemistry of previou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphoanhydridic bond is a highly exergonic process. The amount of released energy depends on the conditions in a particular cell. Specifically, the energy released is dependent on concentrations of ATP, ADP and P. As the concentrations of these molecules deviate from values at equilibrium,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methanesulfonyl chloride is mainly used to give methanesulfonates by its reaction with alcohols in the presence of a non-nucleophilic base. In contrast to the formation of toluenesulfonates from alcohols and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of pyridine, the formation of methanesulfonates is believed to procee... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Leon Francis Phillips (14 July 1935 – 24 September 2023) was a New Zealand physical chemist who specialised in the gas-liquid interface and atmospheric chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RdRp differs from DNA dependent RNA polymerase as it works to catalyze the synthesis of an RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template, rather than using a DNA template. The RNA replication process is a four-step mechanism, as described.
# Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) binding – initially, the RdRp presents with a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) updated Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for iodine in 2000. For people age 14 and up, the iodine RDA is 150 μg/day; the RDA for pregnant women is 220 μg/day and the RDA during lactation is 290 μg/day. For children aged 1–8 years, the R... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methyl chloroformate forms highly flammable vapour-air mixtures. The compound has a flash point of 10 °C.
Methyl chloroformate, if heated, releases phosgene. It produces hydrogen chloride upon contact with water. It will cause skin damage if in contact with skin. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The origins of vinegars obtained by bacterial or chemical oxidation of ethanol resulting from the fermentation of various sugars can be identified by the H-SNIF-NMR. It allows to control the quality of vinegar and to determine if it comes from sugar cane, wine, malt, cider, and alcohol or from a chemical synthesis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a cell reaction characterized by the chemical equation:
at constant temperature and pressure, the thermodynamic voltage (minimum voltage required to drive the reaction) is given by the Nernst equation:
where is the Gibbs energy and F is the Faraday constant. The standard thermodynamic voltage (i.e. at standard tem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The IIR produces an electronic monthly newsletter that features news and updates on the refrigeration sector: regulation, events, economic data, monitoring, technological progress, etc.
It provides a detailed overview of the general developments within the sector worldwide and as acts a regular information tool for rea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Within the European Union, microbial food cultures are regarded as food ingredients and are regulated by Regulation 178/2002, commonly referred to as the General Food Law.
Since 2007, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has been maintaining a list of microorganisms having qualified presumption of safety (QPS). Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In one variation the mechanism is thought to be as follows:
The dichromate oxidizes the mercury, forming a layer of mercury oxide. In the process the dichromate is reduced to the chromium(III) ion. The oxidized layer on the mercury reduces the surface tension of the blob and the blob flattens out coming in contact w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Random chimeragenesis on transient templates (RACHITT) is a method to perform molecular mutagenesis at a high recombination rate. For example, RACHITT can be used to generate increased rate and extent of biodesulfurization of diesel by modification of dibenzothiophene mono-oxygenase. DNA shuffling is a similar but less... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Peroxisomes (microbodies) were first described by a Swedish doctoral student, J. Rhodin in 1954. They were identified as organelles by the Belgian cytologist Christian de Duve in 1967. De Duve and co-workers discovered that peroxisomes contain several oxidases involved in the production of hydrogen peroxide (HO) as wel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As a reagent in organic chemistry, DBU is used as a ligand and base. As a base, protonation occurs at the imine nitrogen. Lewis acids also attach to the same nitrogen.
These properties recommend DBU for use as a catalyst, for example as a curing agent for epoxy resins and polyurethane.
It is used in the separation of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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