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Literature references (chronological) to case studies after 2000:
Older examples of application can be found in:
#Salinity in the Nile Delta
#Integration of irrigation and drainage management | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Today most methanol is produced from methane through syngas. Trinidad and Tobago is the world's largest methanol producer, with exports mainly to the United States. The feedstock for the production of methanol comes natural gas.
The conventional route to methanol from methane passes through syngas generation by steam r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
3-Iodophenol (m-iodophenol) is an aromatic organic compound. 3-Iodophenol participates in a variety of coupling reactions in which the iodide substituent is displaced. Well cited examples include thiolate and amine nucleophiles.
3-Iodophenol can be prepared by oxidative decarboxylation of 3-iodobenzoic acid: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1790, along with his colleague William Cruickshank at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, London, Crawford noted the distinctiveness of strontianite from barium minerals, and may thereby be said to be the discoverer of strontium. However, it could also be claimed that the honour should go to Humphry Davy who, in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nucleic acid molecules have a phosphoryl (5) end and a hydroxyl (3) end. This notation follows from organic chemistry nomenclature, and can be used to define the movement of enzymes such as DNA polymerases relative to the DNA strand in a non-arbitrary manner. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many types of tear gas and other riot control agents have been produced with effects ranging from mild tearing of the eyes to immediate vomiting and prostration. CN and CS are the most widely used and known, but around 15 different types of tear gas have been developed worldwide, e.g. adamsite or bromoacetone, CNB, and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermoresponsive conjugates have been exploited for the subsequent separation of proteins from a complex mixture. This method has been utilized to purify polyclonal antibodies in serum samples. This method of purification is rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and could be used to purify various types of antibodies.
Thermore... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
P elements are transposable elements that were discovered in Drosophila as the causative agents of genetic traits called hybrid dysgenesis. The transposon is responsible for the P trait of the P element and it is found only in wild flies. They are also found in many other eukaryotes.
The name was first suggested by evo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society. It covers research in green chemistry, green engineering, biomass, alternative energy, and life cycle assessment. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has an impact factor of 8.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A manual or automated process injects the sample onto a catalyst in a combustion tube operated from 680 up to 950 degrees C in an oxygen rich atmosphere. The concentration of carbon dioxide generated is measured with a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) detector.
Oxidation of the sample is complete after injection into th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chain-melted state is a state of matter in which a substance, typically a metal, notably potassium, behaves both in the liquid and solid state at the same time. This is done by applying extreme pressure and temperature, causing the metal to become solid and molten simultaneously. It was confirmed to be a state of m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although it has not yet been commercialized for clinical use clinical studies have been done on intra- and extra-oral treatments with full-thickness engineered oral mucosa.
Full-thickness engineered oral mucosa is mainly used in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery and periodontal peri-implant reconstruction. Good clin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A rotational vortex – a vortex that rotates in the same way as a rigid body – cannot exist indefinitely in that state except through the application of some extra force, that is not generated by the fluid motion itself. It has non-zero vorticity everywhere outside the core. Rotational vortices are also called rigid-bod... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alkaline batteries use manganese dioxide and zinc electrodes with an electrolyte of potassium hydroxide. The alkaline battery gets its name from the replacement of the acidic ammonium chloride of zinc–carbon batteries with potassium hydroxide, which is an alkaline. Alkaline batteries are considerably more efficient, mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Irisin is a cleaved version of FNDC5. Boström and coworkers named the cleaved product irisin, after the Greek messenger goddess Iris. FNDC5 was initially discovered in 2002 by two independent groups of researchers. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chayen holds nine patents and has launched several commercial products for protein crystallization, such as "Chayen Reddy MIP" and "Naomi's nucleant." In addition, she has won the following awards:
* Women of Outstanding Achievement for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Commendation, WISE Campaign (2012)
*Investigator of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A restriction map is a map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA. Restriction mapping requires the use of restriction enzymes. In molecular biology, restriction maps are used as a reference to engineer plasmids or other relatively short pieces of DNA, and sometimes for longer genomic DNA. There are other ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A fundamental distinction in evidence-based practice is between observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Types of observational studies in epidemiology, such as the cohort study and the case-control study, provide less compelling evidence than the randomized controlled trial. In observational studies, th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Triazenes are prepared from the N-coupling reaction between diazonium salts and primary or secondary amines. The coupling reactions are typically mild, using a base such as sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate.
The diazonium reagents are themselves available starting from amines. For symmetrical tria... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Emmerling was born in Bad Dürkheim. She studied chemistry at Albert-Ludwig University, and completed her PhD at the same institution in 2003. Her doctoral work focused on the synthesis and structural investigation of intermetallic phases and ternary oxides of the elements arsenic, antimony and bismuth in unusual valenc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Artificial upwelling or downwelling is an approach that would change the mixing layers of the ocean. Encouraging various ocean layers to mix can move nutrients and dissolved gases around, offering avenues for geoengineering. Mixing may be achieved by placing large vertical pipes in the oceans to pump nutrient rich wate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Once the Velocity at every point is determined, the pressure can be determined by using one of the following formulas. All various Pressure coefficient methods produce results that are similar and are commonly used to identify regions where the results are invalid.
Pressure Coefficient is defined as:
The Isentropic Pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hexalkoxyphosphazenes (especially the aryloxy species), resulting from the nucleophilic hexasubstitution of the hexachlorophosphazene P atoms, are valued for their high thermal and chemical stability and their low glass transition temperature. Certain hexalkoxyphosphazenes (such as the hexa-phenoxy derivative) have... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Center studies trends in the pharmaceutical industry, maintaining databases pertaining to investigational new drugs, approved drugs, biopharmaceuticals, fast-tracked drugs, and orphan drugs. The Center provides this information with the aim to improve the efficiency of drug development, foster innovation, and incr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been a powerful tool in deducing the oxidation states of transition metals. Energy shifts in XAS are higher due to the higher effective nuclear charge of atoms in higher oxidations, presumably due to the higher binding energy for deeper, more core-like electrons.
Despite this bei... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The guiding principles for the development of UW Solution were:
# osmotic concentration maintained by the use of metabolically inert substances like lactobionate and raffinose rather than with glucose
# Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is used to prevent edema
# Substances are added to scavenge free radicals, along with stero... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Multiple light scattering coupled with vertical scanning is the most widely used technique to monitor the dispersion state of a product, hence identifying and quantifying destabilization phenomena. It works on concentrated dispersions without dilution. When light is sent through the sample, it is back scattered by the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brehm and von Puttkammer published the first PEPICO study on methane in 1967. In the early works, a fixed energy light source was used, and the electron detection was carried out using retarding grids or hemispherical analyzers: the mass spectra were recorded as a function of electron energy. Tunable vacuum ultraviolet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the zilches has been rediscovered. This is the zilch known as "optical chirality". This name was given by Tang and Cohen since this zilch determines the degree of chiral asymmetry in the rate of excitation of a small chiral molecule by an incident electromagnetic field.
A further physical insight of optical chir... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jinhua Ye is a Chinese chemist who is a professor at the National Institute for Materials Science in Tsukuba. Her research considers high-temperature superconductors for photocatalysis. She was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2016 and has been included in the Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Researc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cucurbiturils have been used by chemists for various applications, including drug delivery, asymmetric synthesis, molecular switching, and dye tuning. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All thermal power plants produce waste heat energy as a byproduct of the useful electrical energy produced. The amount of waste heat energy equals or exceeds the amount of energy converted into useful electricity. Gas-fired power plants can achieve as much as 65% conversion efficiency, while coal and oil plants achieve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Two-dimensional separations can be carried out in gas chromatography or liquid chromatography. Various different coupling strategies have been developed to "resample" from the first column into the second. Some important hardware for two-dimensional separations are Deans' switch and Modulator, which selectively transf... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To back up their suggestion of the non-classical nature of the 2-norbornyl cation, Winstein and Trifan first used kinetic evidence of the increased reaction rate for formation of the 2-exo-norbornyl cation over the 2-endo-norbornyl cation. Other researchers investigated the reaction rate of compounds that could feature... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to BLOSUM matrices, a previously developed scoring matrix can be used. This is known as a PAM. The two result in the same scoring outcome, but use differing methodologies. BLOSUM looks directly at mutations in motifs of related sequences while PAM's extrapolate evolutionary information based on closely rela... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Van Krevelen diagrams are graphical plots developed by
Dirk Willem van Krevelen (chemist and professor of fuel technology at the TU Delft) and used to assess the origin and maturity of kerogen and petroleum. The diagram cross-plots the hydrogen:carbon atomic ratio as a function of the oxygen:carbon atomic ratio.
Begin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Cystic Fibrosis Transport Regulator (CFTR) works by binding two ATP to the A1 and A2, ATP-binding domain. This opens the CFTR channel and allows chloride ions to flow into the lungs and airway lumen. This influx of negatively charged chloride ions into the airway lumen causes sodium to move into the airway lumen to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although no large studies showing the long term outcomes for women with hyperthecosis exist, a diagnosis of hyperthecosis may suggest an increased risk for metabolic complications of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes . In postmenopausal women, hyperthecosis may also contribute to the pathogenesis of endometrial polyp,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another theory suggests that alarm signals function to attract further predators, which fight over the prey organism, giving it a better chance of escape. Others still suggest they are a deterrent to predators, communicating the preys alertness to the predator. One such case is the western swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Capillary condensation in pores with r<10 nm is often difficult to describe using the Kelvin equation. This is because the Kelvin equation underestimates the size of the pore radius when working on the nanometer scale. To account for this underestimation, the idea of a statistical film thickness, t, has often been in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Storeys research includes studies of enzyme properties, gene expression, protein phosphorylation, epigenetics, and cellular signal transduction mechanisms to seek out the basic principles of how organisms endure and flourish under extreme conditions. He is particularly known within the field of cryobiology for his stud... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The green alga Botryococcus braunii is the subject of research into the natural production of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), an antioxidant, food additive and industrial chemical.
Phenolic acids such as protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric and salicylic aci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EPANET provides an integrated environment for editing network input data, running hydraulic and water quality simulations, and viewing the results in a variety of formats. EPANET provides a fully equipped and extended period of hydraulic analysis that can handle systems of any size. The package also supports the simula... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In many bacteria, both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs can be polyadenylated. This poly(A) tail promotes degradation by the degradosome, which contains two RNA-degrading enzymes: polynucleotide phosphorylase and RNase E. Polynucleotide phosphorylase binds to the 3′ end of RNAs and the 3′ extension provided by the poly(A) tai... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1981, the UK banned closed uses of PCBs in new equipment, and nearly all UK PCB synthesis ceased; closed uses in existing equipment containing in excess of 5 litres of PCBs were not stopped until December 2000. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If individuals are asked to estimate their BAC, then given accurate feedback via a breathalyzer, and this procedure is repeated a number of times during a drinking session, studies show that these individuals can learn to discriminate their BAC, to within a mean error of 9 mg/100 mL (0.009% BAC). The ability is robust ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2007, research conducted by the World Health Organization, Italian Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and Campania Region collected data on cancer and congenital abnormalities in 196 municipalities covering the period between 1994 and 2002 found abnormally high disease incidence. These ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An enkephalin is a pentapeptide involved in regulating nociception (pain sensation) in the body. The enkephalins are termed endogenous ligands, as they are internally derived and bind to the body's opioid receptors. Discovered in 1975, two forms of enkephalin have been found, one containing leucine ("leu"), and the o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An ICE table or RICE box or RICE chart is a tabular system of keeping track of changing concentrations in an equilibrium reaction. ICE stands for initial, change, equilibrium. It is used in chemistry to keep track of the changes in amount of substance of the reactants and also organize a set of conditions that one want... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Glucose – 5 g/L
*Dipotassium phosphate – 5 g/L
*Proteose Peptone – 5 g/L
*Distilled water – 1000 mL
pH – 6.9 | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Emerging technologies for fecal sludge treatment include:
* Technologies that can produce a dried or carbonized solid fuel from fecal sludge include: drying, pelletizing, hydrothermal carbonization, and slow pyrolysis.
*Thermal processes which can achieve cost effectiveness by eliminating the need for separate process... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Away from the ends of the pipe, the characteristics of the flow are independent of the position along the pipe. The key quantities are then the pressure drop along the pipe per unit length, , and the volumetric flow rate. The flow rate can be converted to a mean flow velocity by dividing by the wetted area of the flow... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gerhard Ertl is known for determining the detailed molecular mechanisms of the catalytic synthesis of ammonia over iron (Haber Bosch process) and the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over platinum (catalytic converter). During his research he discovered the important phenomenon of oscillatory reactions on platinu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mutations to coactivator genes leading to loss or gain of protein function have been linked to diseases and disorders such as birth defects, cancer (especially hormone dependent cancers), neurodevelopmental disorders and intellectual disability (ID), among many others. Dysregulation leading to the over- or under-expres... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is the DNA located in chloroplasts, which are photosynthetic organelles located within the cells of some eukaryotic organisms. Chloroplasts, like other types of plastid, contain a genome separate from that in the cell nucleus. The existence of chloroplast DNA was identified biochemically in 1959... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alastair Ian Scott married Elizabeth Wilson Walters at the University of Glasgow Memorial Chapel, on 4 March 1950. They had two children: Anne and William.
Alastair died in Texas on 18 April 2007, following a heart attack. He was survived by his wife, two children and six grandchildren.
Elizabeth died at her home in Gr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Atoms and molecules had long been theorized as the constituents of matter, and Albert Einstein published a paper in 1905 that explained how the motion that Scottish botanist Robert Brown had observed was a result of the pollen being moved by individual water molecules, making one of his first contributions to science. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Machines converting energy contained in fuels to mechanical work or electric energy produce heat as a by-product. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In cylindrical geometries, the thickness of both the two outer layers is and the thickness of inner layer is . | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
α- and β-amylases are important in brewing beer and liquor made from sugars derived from starch. In fermentation, yeast ingests sugars and excretes ethanol. In beer and some liquors, the sugars present at the beginning of fermentation have been produced by "mashing" grains or other starch sources (such as potatoes). ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 1950s, shipping costs made up 33 percent of the price of oil transported from the Persian Gulf to the United States, but due to the development of supertankers in the 1970s, the cost of shipping dropped to only 5 percent of the price of Persian oil in the US. Due to the increase in the value of crude oil during ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Volatile acyl halides are lachrymatory because they can react with water at the surface of the eye producing hydrohalic and organic acids irritating to the eye. Similar problems can result if one inhales acyl halide vapors. In general, acyl halides (even non-volatile compounds such as tosyl chloride) are irritants to t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places. It should not be confused with green chemistry, which seeks to reduce potential pollution at its source. It can be defined as the study of the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Long-range order characterizes physical systems in which remote portions of the same sample exhibit correlated behavior.
This can be expressed as a correlation function, namely the spin-spin correlation function:
where s is the spin quantum number and x is the distance function within the particular system.
This functi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Biology or Biochemistry is an annual prize awarded by Columbia University to a researcher or group of researchers who have made an outstanding contribution in basic research in the fields of biology or biochemistry.
The prize was established at the bequest of S. Gross Horwitz and is n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Clay soils lack large pores, restricting both water and air movement. During irrigation or rain events, the limited large pore space in fine-textured soils quickly fills with water, reducing soil oxygen levels. In addition to routine application of organic matter, microorganisms and earthworms perform a crucial assist... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The effects and influences of RE1/NRSE and REST/NRSF are significant in non-neuronal cells that require the repression or silencing of neuronal genes. These silencer elements also regulate the expression of genes that do not induce neuron-specific proteins and studies have shown the extensive impact these factors have ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Draupner wave (or New Year's wave) was the first rogue wave to be detected by a measuring instrument. The wave was recorded in 1995 at Unit E of the Draupner platform, a gas pipeline support complex located in the North Sea about southwest from the southern tip of Norway.
The rig was built to withstand a calculate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In addition to the electrical potential difference, the presence of moisture is a driving factor in the ECM. If there is a sufficient film of moisture with condensation and even at low electrical voltage, the ECM can form a bridging structure between the contacts after just a few minutes.
In general, the process can be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Red mud is a side-product of the Bayer process, the principal means of refining bauxite en route to alumina. The resulting alumina is the raw material for producing aluminium by the Hall–Héroult process. A typical bauxite plant produces one to two times as much red mud as alumina. This ratio is dependent on the type of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As with cocaine in Coca-Cola, lithium was widely marketed as one of a number of patent medicine products popular in the late-19th and early-20th centuries, and was the medicinal ingredient of a refreshment beverage. Charles Leiper Grigg, who launched his St. Louis-based company The Howdy Corporation, invented a formula... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The World Trade Center Health Registry was established in 2002 by ATSDR and the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene to track the long-term physical and mental health effects of the September 11 attacks. The registry contains more than 71,000 people who lived, worked, or went to school near the World T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Historically conventional external beam radiation therapy (2DXRT) was delivered via two-dimensional beams using kilovoltage therapy X-ray units, medical linear accelerators that generate high-energy X-rays, or with machines that were similar to a linear accelerator in appearance, but used a sealed radioactive source li... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the old industrial area of the Ruhr District in Germany, Duisburg-Nord is a landscape park which incorporates former industrial structures and natural biodiversity. The architects Latz + Partner developed the water park which now consists of the old River Emscher, subdivided into five main sections: Klarwasserkanal ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For an extreme example, in a tensile test a bar of steel is strained to just before the length at which it usually fractures. The load is released smoothly and the material relieves some of its strain by decreasing in length. The decrease in length is called the elastic recovery, and the result is a work-hardened steel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
AGEs have been implicated in Alzheimer's Disease, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. The mechanism by which AGEs induce damage is through a process called cross-linking that causes intracellular damage and apoptosis. They form photosensitizers in the crystalline lens, which has implications for cataract development.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There is an extreme constancy of the isotopic composition of igneous rocks. The mean value of δFe of terrestrial rocks is 0.00 ± 0.05‰. More precise isotopic measurements indicate that the small deviations from 0.00‰ may reflect a slight mass-dependent fractionation. This mass fractionation has been proposed to be F = ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the species Dictyostelium discoideum, cAMP acts outside the cell as a secreted signal. The chemotactic aggregation of cells is organized by periodic waves of cAMP that propagate between cells over distances as large as several centimetres. The waves are the result of a regulated production and secretion of extrace... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In theoretical chemistry, a conjugated system is a system of connected p-orbitals with delocalized electrons in a molecule, which in general lowers the overall energy of the molecule and increases stability. It is conventionally represented as having alternating single and multiple bonds. Lone pairs, radicals or carben... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RBMK reactor fuel was used in Soviet-designed and built RBMK-type reactors. This is a low-enriched uranium oxide fuel. The fuel elements in an RBMK are 3 m long each, and two of these sit back-to-back on each fuel channel, pressure tube. Reprocessed uranium from Russian VVER reactor spent fuel is used to fabricate RBMK... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These are made of thin strips of Permalloy, a high magnetic permeability, nickel-iron alloy, whose electrical resistance varies with a change in magnetic field. They have a well-defined axis of sensitivity, can be produced in 3-D versions and can be mass-produced as an integrated circuit. They have a response time of l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mustafa Babanlı (; born February 21, 1968), is an Azerbaijani scientist, Rector of the Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University.
On September 3, 2015, Mustafa Babanli was appointed Rector of the Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry. He is a member of the International Association of University Presidents... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids. Although the terms colloid and emulsion are sometimes used interchangeably, emulsion... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Again, similar as for absolute permittivity, relative permittivity for lossy materials can be formulated as:
in terms of a "dielectric conductivity" σ (units S/m, siemens per meter), which "sums over all the dissipative effects of the material; it may represent an actual [[Electrical conductivity|[electrical] conductiv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In solid-state physics and crystallography, a crystal structure is described by a unit cell repeating periodically over space. There are an infinite number of choices for unit cells, with different shapes and sizes, which can describe the same crystal, and different choices can be useful for different purposes.
Say tha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Disruption of TAD boundaries can affect the expression of nearby genes, and this can cause disease.
For example, genomic structural variants that disrupt TAD boundaries have been reported to cause developmental disorders such as human limb malformations. Additionally, several studies have provided evidence that the dis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The idea that the electrical activity generated by nervous tissue may influence the activity of surrounding nervous tissue is one that dates back to the late 19th century. Early experiments, like those by Emil du Bois-Reymond, demonstrated that the firing of a primary nerve may induce the firing of an adjacent secondar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Smooth muscle cells cultured from the myometrium showed no significant induction of SFRP1 mRNA in response to treatment with E2 and/or progesterone. Conversely, cells cultured from leiomyomas showed significant dose-dependent induction of SFRP1 mRNA in response to treatment with E2; however, progesterone had no effect... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Redox gradients are commonly found in the environment as functions of both space and time, particularly in soils and aquatic environments. Gradients are caused by varying physiochemical properties including availability of oxygen, soil hydrology, chemical species present, and microbial processes. Specific environments ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In August 1960, Robert K. Crane presented for the first time his discovery of the sodium-glucose cotransport as the mechanism for intestinal glucose absorption. Crane's discovery of cotransport was the first ever proposal of flux coupling in biology and was the most important event concerning carbohydrate absorption in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The EPA National Exposure Research Laboratory can designate a measurement device using an established technological basis as a Federal Reference Method (FRM) to certify that the device has undergone a testing and analysis protocol, and can be used to monitor NAAQS compliance. Devices based on new technologies can be d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Anandamide
* 2-Arachidonoylglycerol
* 2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether
* Oleamide
* Oleoylethanolamide
* Virodhamine
* Docosatetraenoylethanolamide
* Stearoylethanolamide
* N-Arachidonylglycine
* Arachidonoyl serotonin
* N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
* N-Acylethanolamine | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dextroamphetamine is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy (a sleep disorder), and is sometimes prescribed for depression and obesity. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. It is reported in energy units per unit time ranging from watt (joule/second) to ml O/min or joule per hour per kg body mass J/(h·kg). Proper measurement requires a strict set of criteria to be met. These criteria... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*"Synthesis of Jeewanu, the Protocell." Bahadur, Krishna. (In English) Ram Narain Lal Beni Prasad, New Katra, Allahabad-211002 (U.P) India. ASIN: B0007JHWU0 (1966)
*"Origin of Life: A Functional Approach." Bahadur K. and Ranganayaki S.Ram Narain Lal Beni Prasad, New Katra, Allahabad-211002(U.P), India, (1981) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kathlyn Ann Parker is a chemist known for her work on synthesis of compounds, especially organic compounds with biological roles. She is an elected fellow of the American Chemical Society and a recipient of the Garvan–Olin Medal in chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The technology is designed primarily for government use, specifically on equipment such as tactical vehicles, ship surfaces, and weapons. The primary objective of CIDAS is the capability to detect trace levels of chemical warfare agents on surfaces before and after personnel decontaminate the surfaces "during Detailed ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lab Tests Online (now Testing.com) is a peer-reviewed non-profit web resource about clinical laboratory testing. The site provides information on clinical lab tests as well as conditions that are managed or diagnosed by lab tests. Lab Tests Online also provides summaries of recommendations by age, feature articles o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SahysMod accepts four different reservoirs of which three are in the soil profile:
:s: a surface reservoir,
:r: an upper (shallow) soil reservoir or root zone,
:x: an intermediate soil reservoir or transition zone,
:q: a deep reservoir or main aquifer.
The upper soil reservoir is defined by the soil depth, from which w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In phase change cycles and engines, the working fluids are gases and liquids. The engine converts the working fluid from a gas to a liquid, from liquid to gas, or both, generating work from the fluid expansion or compression.
*Rankine cycle (classical steam engine)
*Regenerative cycle (steam engine more efficient than ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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