text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
The internal heating within stars is so great that (after an initial phase of gravitational contraction) they ignite and sustain thermonuclear reaction of hydrogen (with itself) to form helium, and can make heavier elements (see Stellar nucleosynthesis). The Sun for example has a core temperature of 13,600,000 K. The m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DksA is a 17-kDa protein, its structure is similar to GreA and GreB, which are well-characterized transcriptional elongation factors. GreA and GreB bind directly to RNAP rather than DNA and act by inserting their N-terminal coiled-coil finger domain through the RNAP secondary channel. Two conserved acidic residues at t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tannins are used in the tanning industry.
Some natural phenols can be used as biopesticides. Furanoflavonoids like karanjin or rotenoids are used as acaricide or insecticide.
Enological tannins are important elements in the flavor of wine.
Some phenols are sold as dietary supplements. Phenols have been investigated as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Functions can be binding motifs that bind another macromolecule or small compound, that induce a covalent modification of minimotif, or are involved in the protein trafficking of the protein containing the minimotif. The basic premise of Minimotif Miner is that is a short peptide sequence is known to have a function in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Indirect DNA damage occurs when a UV-photon is absorbed in the human skin by a chromophore that does not have the ability to convert the energy into harmless heat very quickly. Molecules that do not have this ability have a long-lived excited state. This long lifetime leads to a high probability for reactions with othe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The energy used to heat the feedwater is usually derived from steam extracted between the stages of the steam turbine. Therefore, the steam that would be used to perform expansion work in the turbine (and therefore generate power) is not utilized for that purpose. The percentage of the total cycle steam mass flow used... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bond valence method is a development of Paulings rules. In 1930, Lawrence Bragg showed that Paulings electrostatic valence rule could be represented by electrostatic lines of force emanating from cations in proportion to the cation charge and ending on anions. The lines of force are divided equally between the bon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Abu Bakarr Kanu is a Sierra Leonean analytical chemist who is a professor at Winston-Salem State University. His research considers separation-type instrumentation for the rapid analysis of chemical and biological compounds. Kanu is also involved with education and outreach programmes, and works to bring hands-on chemi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkylation occurs when a molecule replaces a hydrogen atom with an alkyl group that generally comes from an organic molecule. Alkyl groups that are found naturally occurring in the environment are organometallic compounds. Organometallic compounds generally contain a methyl, ethyl, or butyl derivative which is the alky... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plasmid preparation can be divided into five main categories based on the scale of the preparation: minipreparation, midipreparation, maxipreparation, megapreparation, and gigapreparation. The choice of which method to use will depend on the amount of plasmid DNA required, as well as the specific application for which ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The American biochemist George Wald and others had outlined the visual cycle by 1958. For his work, Wald won a share of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Haldan Keffer Hartline and Ragnar Granit. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tribromoisocyanuric acid (CBrNO) is a chemical compound used as a reagent for bromination in organic synthesis. It is a white crystalline powder with a strong bromine odour. It is similar to trichloroisocyanuric acid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A number of blocking agents maybe employed but a common one is Methylethyl ketone oxime (MEKO). Caprolactam is also used.
When blocked, there is no isocyanate (NCO) functionality, so it is much easier to disperse the species in water if the desire is to produce waterborne resins. One of the key reasons different blocki... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Values of Henrys law constants for aqueous solutions depend on the composition of the solution, i.e., on its ionic strength and on dissolved organics. In general, the solubility of a gas decreases with increasing salinity ("salting out"). However, a "salting in" effect has also been observed, for example for the effect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Mars 2020 rover, which launched in 2020, is intended to investigate an astrobiologically relevant ancient environment on Mars, investigate its surface geological processes and history, including the assessment of its past habitability, the possibility of past life on Mars, and potential for preservation of biosigna... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A British Approved Name (BAN) is the official, non-proprietary, or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance, as defined in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP). The BAN is also the official name used in some countries around the world, because starting in 1953, proposed new names were evaluated by a panel of experts ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LOV domains have been found to control gene expression through DNA binding and
to be involved in redox-dependent regulation, like e.g. in the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Notably, LOV-based optogenetic tools have been gaining wide popularity in recent years to control a myriad of cellular events, including cell ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Standard Model hypothesises a field called the Higgs field (symbol: ), which has the unusual property of a non-zero amplitude in its ground state (zero-point) energy after renormalization; i.e., a non-zero vacuum expectation value. It can have this effect because of its unusual "Mexican hat" shaped potential whose ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Particles close to a surface do not move along with a flow when adhesion is stronger than cohesion.
At the fluid-solid interface, the force of attraction between the fluid particles and solid particles (adhesive forces) is greater than that between the fluid particles (cohesive forces). This force imbalance causes the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The book begins by discussing the history of parasites in human knowledge, from the earliest writings about them in ancient cultures, up through modern times. The focus comes to rest extensively on the views and experiments conducted by scientists in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, such as those done by Antonie van... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In May, the FDA approved onasemnogene abeparvovec (Zolgensma) for treating spinal muscular atrophy in children under two years of age. The list price of Zolgensma was set at per dose, making it the most expensive drug ever.
In May, the EMA approved betibeglogene autotemcel (Zynteglo) for treating beta thalassemia for ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This large and diverse class of steroids are biosynthesized from isoprenoids and structurally resemble cholesterol. Mammalian steroid hormones can be grouped into five groups by the receptors to which they bind: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since 2006, China releases more than any other country. Researchers in China are focusing on increasing efficiency of burning coal so they can get more power out of less coal. It is estimated that new high efficiency power plants could reduce emission by 7% because they won't have to burn as much coal to get the same... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Harmful algal blooms in marine ecosystems have been observed to cause adverse effects to a wide variety of aquatic organisms, most notably marine mammals, sea turtles, seabirds and finfish. The impacts of HAB toxins on these groups can include harmful changes to their developmental, immunological, neurological, or repr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
pRb has also been implicated in regulating metabolism through interactions with components of cellular metabolic pathways. RB1 mutations can cause alterations in metabolism, including reduced mitochondrial respiration, reduced activity in the electron transport chain, and changes in flux of glucose and/or glutamine. Pa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a manufacturing process, used to reduce the porosity of metals and increase the density of many ceramic materials. This improves the material's mechanical properties and workability.
The process can be used to produce waste form classes. Calcined radioactive waste (waste with additives)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider a simple branched pathway with all three steps irreversible. Such a pathway will admit two elementary modes which are indicated in thicked (or red) reaction lines.
Because both and are irreversible, and elementary mode lying on both these reactions is not possible since it would mean one reactions going agai... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glycosylation is the process by which a carbohydrate is covalently attached to a target macromolecule, typically proteins and lipids. This modification serves various functions. For instance, some proteins do not fold correctly unless they are glycosylated. In other cases, proteins are not stable unless they contain ol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An indeterminate sample simply takes the element name. For example a sample of carbon (which could be diamond, graphite etc or a mixture) would be named carbon. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, Blasius theorem states that the force experienced by a two-dimensional fixed body in a steady irrotational flow is given by
and the moment about the origin experienced by the body is given by
Here,
* is the force acting on the body,
* is the density of the fluid,
* is the contour flush around the b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Removing atoms by sputtering with an inert gas is called ion milling or ion etching.
Sputtering can also play a role in reactive-ion etching (RIE), a plasma process carried out with chemically active ions and radicals, for which the sputtering yield may be enhanced significantly compared to pure physical sputtering. Re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemaxon Products include tools for visualization and drawing of molecules, chemical database searching and management, and for drug discovery. Products are licensed free of charge for academic use.
Chemaxon’s desktop applications include Marvin which is free chemistry software for drawing and visualizing chemical stru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lanthanum oxide is used as an additive to develop certain ferroelectric materials, such as La-doped bismuth titanate ( - BLT).
Lanthanum oxide is used in optical materials; often the optical glasses are doped with to improve the glass' refractive index, chemical durability, and mechanical strength.
The addition of the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As with all flavonoids, anthoxanthins have antioxidant properties and are important for nutrition. They are sometimes used as food additives to add color or flavor to foods. One of the most well-known anthoxanthins is quercetin, which is found in many fruits and vegetables, including capers, red onions, and kale.
In ad... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following unsourced paragraph about a similarly named piece of equipment was previously put in the summary of this article:
In some countries hydrants in streets are below ground level. Fire trucks carry standpipes and key, and there are pry bars on the truck. The bar is used to lift a cover in the road, exposing t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Within the host matrix, the rotation and translation of the guest particle is usually inhibited. Therefore, the matrix isolation technique may be used to simulate a spectrum of a species in the gas phase without rotational and translational interference. The low temperatures also help to produce simpler spectra, since ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrogen cyanide, discovered in the late 18th century, was used in the 1880s for the fumigation of citrus trees in California. Its use spread to other countries for the fumigation of silos, goods wagons, ships, and mills. Its light weight and rapid dispersal meant its application had to take place under tents or in enc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Copper(II) glycinate (IUPAC suggested name: bis(glycinato)copper(II)) refers to the coordination complex of copper(II) with two equivalents of glycinate, with the formula [Cu(glycinate)(HO)] where x = 1 (monohydrate) or 0 (anhydrous form). The complex was first reported in 1841, and its chemistry has been revisited man... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxidation originally implied a reaction with oxygen to form an oxide. Later, the term was expanded to encompass substances that accomplished chemical reactions similar to those of oxygen. Ultimately, the meaning was generalized to include all processes involving the loss of electrons or the increase in the oxidation st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To address some of the problems with land-mines (see ), weapons manufacturers are now experimenting with area-denial weapons which need human command to operate. Such systems are usually envisioned as a combination of either explosives, pre-targeted artillery shelling or smartguns with remote sensing equipment (sound, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In contrast to the relatively early flowering of organotransition-metal chemistry (1955 to the present), the corresponding development of actinide organometallic chemistry has taken place largely within the past 15 or so years. During this period, 5f organometallic science has blossomed, and it is now apparent that the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polyurethane dispersion, or PUD, is understood to be a polyurethane polymer resin dispersed in water, rather than a solvent, although some cosolvent maybe used. Its manufacture involves the synthesis of polyurethanes having carboxylic acid functionality or nonionic hydrophiles like PEG (polyethylene glycol) incorporate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Distinguished Service Award of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy (1985)
* Garvan Medal from the American Chemical Society (1986)
* Fisher Award in Analytical Chemistry from the American Chemical Society (1993)
* Wilfred R. and Ann Lee Konneker Award from Ohio University (2003)
* Founder's Citation Award from Ohio ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The color reaction between borates and curcumin is used for the spectrophotometric determination and quantification of boron present in food or materials. Curcumin is a yellow coloring natural pigment found in the root stocks of some Curcuma species, especially Curcuma longa (turmeric), in concentrations up to 3%. In t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
British Standard Pipe (BSP) is a set of technical standards for screw threads that has been adopted internationally for interconnecting and sealing pipes and fittings by mating an external (male) thread with an internal (female) thread. It has been adopted as standard in plumbing and pipe fitting, except in North Ameri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The homogeneous wave equation (i.e. Eq. () when is zero) has solutions for travelling waves of permanent form propagating in either the negative or positive -direction. For the inhomogeneous case, considering waves propagating in the positive -direction, Green proposes an approximate solution:
Then
Now the left-hand ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term hard soap originates from the soap production process. During this process, the addition of salt (sodium chloride) to boiling soap mixed with a substantial amount of water causes the soap nucleus to separate and solidify, making it "harder" and allowing it to float on the surface. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Major developments: Large-calibre artillery weighing several thousand kg are produced in Europe during the early 15th century and spread to the Ottoman Empire. Modifiable two wheeled gun carts known as limbers and caissons appear, greatly improving the mobility of artillery. The matchlock arquebus, the first firearm wi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Indian Ocean Gyre, located in the Indian Ocean, is, like the South Atlantic Gyre, bordered by the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the north and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the south. The South Equatorial Current forms the northern boundary of the Indian Ocean Gyre as it flows west along the equator towar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) also known as modulator of non-genomic activity of estrogen receptor (MNAR) and transcription factor HMX3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PELP1 gene. is a transcriptional corepressor for nuclear receptors such as glucocorticoid receptors and a co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Bailyn, M. (1994). A Survey of Thermodynamics, American Institute of Physics Press, New York, .
*Beattie, J.A., Oppenheim, I. (1979). Principles of Thermodynamics, Elsevier, Amsterdam, .
*Born, M. (1921). Kritische Betrachtungen zur traditionellen Darstellung der Thermodynamik, Physik. Zeitschr. 22: 218–224.
*Bryan, G... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many governments impose strict regulations regarding the maximum chemical oxygen demand allowed in waste water before they can be returned to the environment. For example, in Switzerland, a maximum oxygen demand between 200 and 1000 mg/L must be reached before waste water or industrial water can be returned to the envi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The sub-tropical Northern Atlantic is known to have both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies that are associated with high surface chlorophyll and low surface chlorophyll, respectively. The presence of chlorophyll and higher levels of chlorophyll allows this region to support higher biomass of phytoplankton, as well as, s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An example of splicing aberration (exon skipping) caused by a mutation in the donor splice site in the exon 8 of MLH1 gene that led to colorectal cancer is given below. This example shows that a mutation in a splice site within a gene can lead to a profound effect in the sequence and structure of the mRNA, and the sequ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hyrax middens contain well-preserved micro plant material including pollen, which is sealed in middens by hyraceum, protecting it from microbial activity and decay. The earliest study of fossil pollen from a hyrax midden was undertaken in the late 1950s by Pons and Quézel. in the Hoggar Massif of Algeria, whereas the f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The word patina comes from the Italian patina (shallow layer of deposit on a surface), derived from the Latin patĭna (pan, shallow dish). Figuratively, patina can refer to any fading, darkening, or other signs of age, which are felt to be natural or unavoidable (or both).
The chemical process by which a patina forms or... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ocean biological pump is the oceans biologically driven sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere and land runoff to the deep ocean interior and seafloor sediments. The biological pump is not so much the result of a single process, but rather the sum of a number of processes each of which can influence biological... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The MCD signal ΔA is derived via the absorption of the LCP and RCP light as
This signal is often presented as a function of wavelength λ, temperature T or magnetic field H. MCD spectrometers can simultaneously measure absorbance and ΔA along the same light path. This eliminates error introduced through multiple measure... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A dusty plasma contains tiny charged particles of dust (typically found in space). The dust particles acquire high charges and interact with each other. A plasma that contains larger particles is called grain plasma. Under laboratory conditions, dusty plasmas are also called complex plasmas. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Halliday, Alex N., Der-Chuen Lee, John N. Christensen, Mark Rehkämper, Wen Yi, Xiaozhong Luo, Chris M. Hall, Chris J. Ballentine, Thomas Pettke, and Claudine Stirling. "Applications of multiple collector-ICPMS to cosmochemistry, geochemistry, and paleoceanography." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, no. 6 (1998): 91... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrometallurgy involves metallurgical processes that take place in some form of electrolytic cell. The most common types of electrometallurgical processes are electrowinning and electro-refining. Electrowinning is an electrolysis process used to recover metals in aqueous solution, usually as the result of an ore hav... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An efficient way to synthesize protein-polymer hybrid nanoparticles is to take advantage of photoinitiated reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization-induced self-assembly(PISA) by using multi-RAFT modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a macromolecular chain transfer agent. RAFT mediated gr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The distribution of the different laminin isoforms is tissue-specific. Laminin–111 is predominantly expressed in the embryonic epithelium, but can also be found in some adult epithelium such as the kidney, liver, testis, ovaries, and brain blood vessels. Different levels of expression of α chains have a large influence... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Etiocholanolone glucuronide (ETIO-G) is an endogenous, naturally occurring metabolite of testosterone. It is formed in the liver from etiocholanolone by UDP-glucuronyltransferases. ETIO-G has much higher water solubility than etiocholanolone and is eventually excreted in the urine via the kidneys. Along with androstero... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alexander Nikiforovich Popov ( 1840 – 18 August 1881) was a Russian organic chemist. He taught chemistry at the University of Kazan and at the University of Warsaw. He discovered what is now called Popovs Rule (or Popoffs Rule) which states that in the oxidation of an unsymmetrical ketone, the cleavage of the C−CO bond... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* 82 km north of Basra in Iraq at the town of Al-Qurnah is the confluence of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, forming the Shatt al-Arab.
* At Devprayag in India, the Ganges River originates at the confluence of the Bhagirathi and the Alaknanda; see images above.
* Near Allahabad, India, the Yamuna flows into the Ganges... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Falcon Concentrator is a type of gravity separation device for the recovery of valuable metals and minerals. There are three types of Falcon Concentrators: Falcon Semi-Batch (SB), Falcon Continuous (C) and Falcon Ultra-Fine (UF). All models of Falcon Concentrator rely on the creation of centrifugal forces by way of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) as well as many other synchrotron facilities as the three major synchrotron user facilities in the United States all have beamlines equipped with laser heating systems. The respective beamlines with laser heating systems are at the ESRF ID27, ID18, and ID24; at the Adv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PFE is calculated as the probability of gene-specific entropy being higher than times all other background set entropies individually. The variable is sampled from the Gamma distribution with shape 1 and rate 0.5. Also, as the last step, the expected value for the sum of gene-specific entropy probability for each bac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfidation is relevant to the formation of sulfide minerals.
A large scale application of sulfidation is the conversion of molybdenum oxides to the corresponding sulfides. This conversion is a step in the preparation of catalysts for hydrodesulfurization wherein alumina impregnated with molybdate salts are converted ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The relevant boundary conditions are, in case of the no-slip boundary conditions at the channel top and bottom and | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The FDA approved levomilnacipran for treating major depressive disorder. This approval was based on the results of five clinical trials. The trials included one 10-week phase II and four 8-week phase III. Four of the five trials demonstrated a statistically significant superiority to placebo as measured by the Montgome... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Klyne met Barbara Clayton in 1947 while both were employed at the Medical Research Council; they married in 1949. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms, mostly Cladosporium resinae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and sulfate reducing bacteria, colloquially known as "HUM bugs", are commonly present in jet fuel. They live in the water-fuel interface of the water droplets, form dark black/brown/green, gel-like mats, and cause microbial cor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One example to build a library is a classified as a rare-cutting restriction endonuclease such as NotI. In order to construct and characterize a library based from NotI-digested human DNA, random clones were analyzed by restriction mapping. Due to the wide distribution of fragment sizes made by the complete digestion ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Turner angle Tu, introduced by Ruddick(1983) and named after J. Stewart Turner, is a parameter used to describe the local stability of an inviscid water column as it undergoes double-diffusive convection. The temperature and salinity attributes, which generally determine the water density, both respond to the wate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Other oxygenates are available as additives for gasoline including ethanol and other ethers such as ETBE.
Ethanol has been advertised as a safe alternative by agricultural and other interest groups in the U.S. and Europe. In 2003, California was the first U.S. state to start replacing MTBE with ethanol.
An alternative ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The technique was developed in Wallonia in present-day Belgium during the Middle Ages. The Walloon method consisted of making pig iron in a blast furnace, followed by refining it in a finery forge. The process was devised in the Liège region, and spread into France and thence from the Pays de Bray to England before th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
BioModels Development has benefited from the funds of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Innovative Medicines Initiative, the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, the DARPA, and the National Center ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another way of storing energy is with the use of hydrazine. This molecule is related to ammonia and has the potential to be equally as useful as ammonia. It can be created from ammonia and hydrogen peroxide or via chlorine based oxidations. This makes it an even denser energy storing fuel. The downside of hydrazine is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Certain poisonous substances to the body can delay the process of putrefaction. They include:
*Carbolic acid (Phenol)
*Arsenic and antimony
*Strychnine
*Nux vomica (plant)
*Zinc chloride, ZnCl
*Morphine
*Aconitine | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bernoulli developed his principle from observations on liquids, and Bernoullis equation is valid for ideal fluids: those that are incompressible, irrotational, inviscid, and subjected to conservative forces. It is sometimes valid for the flow of gases: provided that there is no transfer of kinetic or potential energy f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Larry Hench and colleagues at the University of Florida first developed these materials in 1969 and they have been further developed by his research team at the Imperial College London and other researchers worldwide. Hench began development by submitting a proposal hypothesis to the United States Army Medial Research ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In particle physics, (; ) is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nucleus. The moving particle loses kinetic energy, which is converted into radiation (i.e., photons), thus satisfying the law of cons... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Lewis acid-base reaction occurs when a molecule with a lone electron pair, or a base, donates its electrons to an electron-pair acceptor, also known as an acid. This can be shown in a reaction with a curved arrow pointing from the nonbonding electron pair to the electron acceptor. In a reaction involving Brønsted-Low... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The eutectoid composition of austenite is approximately 0.8% carbon; steel with less carbon content (hypoeutectoid steel) will contain a corresponding proportion of relatively pure ferrite crystallites that do not participate in the eutectoid reaction and cannot transform into pearlite. Likewise steels with higher carb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (PCP), modeled—at least in concept—after the Collége de pharmacie in Paris, was aided by European talent in its early, formative years. Elias Durand, who had served as "pharmacien of the Grand Army of Napoleon I," set up shop in Philadelphia in 1825, and "...in connection with the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To promote maximum gas–liquid surface area and residence time, a number of wet scrubber designs have been used, including spray towers, venturis, plate towers, and mobile packed beds. Because of scale buildup, plugging, or erosion, which affect FGD dependability and absorber efficiency, the trend is to use simple scrub... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Frequently the primary structure encodes motifs that are of functional importance. Some examples of sequence motifs are: the C/D
and H/ACA boxes
of snoRNAs, Sm binding site found in spliceosomal RNAs such as U1, U2, U4, U5, U6, U12 and U3, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence,
the Kozak consensus sequence
and the RNA polymerase... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ketosis can improve markers of metabolic syndrome through reduction in serum triglycerides, elevation in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as well as increased size and volume of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. These changes are consistent with an improved lipid profile despite potential increases in total choles... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Main feed into a sinter plant is base mix, which consists of iron ore fines, coke fines and flux (limestone) fines. In addition to base mix, coke fines, flux fines, sinter fines, iron dust (collected from plant de-dusting system & ESP) and plant waste are mixed in proportion (by weight) in a rotary drum, often called m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Toda chain equations of motion, in the continuous limit in which the distance between neighbors goes to zero, become the Korteweg–de Vries equation (KdV) equation. Here the index labeling the particle in the chain becomes the new spatial coordinate.
In contrast, the Toda field theory is achieved by introducing a ne... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Following the initial synthesis of phosphaethyne, it was realized that the same compound can be prepared more expeditiously via the flash pyrolysis of methyldichlorophosphine (CHPCl), resulting in the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. This methodology has been utilized to synthesize numerous substituted pho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The prosperity of Cement was not to last. As the limestone deposits were depleted, the industry in Cement began to decline, and the town's economy began to suffer.
Over time, the population of Cement continued to drop, and many of the towns businesses and services were forced to close. The town was finally sold off in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most commonly seen environmental sensitivity in hydrogels is a response to temperature. Many polymers/hydrogels exhibit a temperature dependent phase transition, which can be classified as either an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) or lower critical solution temperature (LCST). UCST polymers increase in t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An antibubble is a droplet of liquid surrounded by a thin film of gas, as opposed to a gas bubble, which is a sphere of gas surrounded by a liquid. Antibubbles are formed when liquid drops or flows turbulently into the same or another liquid. They can either skim across the surface of a liquid such as water, in which c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tailings deposits tend to be located in rural areas or near marginalized communities, such as indigenous communities. The Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management recommends that "a human rights due diligence process is required to identify and address those that are most at risk from a tailings facility or its ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Half-life (symbol ) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value. The term is commonly used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long stable atoms survive. The term is also used more generally to characterize any type of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Latin word traces to the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷet- "pitch"; see that link for other cognates.
The expression "bitumen" originated in the Sanskrit, where we find the words "jatu", meaning "pitch", and "jatu-krit", meaning "pitch creating", "pitch producing" (referring to coniferous or resinous trees). The Lati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Change in intracellular Ca levels is used as a signature for diverse responses towards mechanical stimuli, osmotic and salt treatments, and cold and heat shocks. Different root cell types show a different Ca response to osmotic and salt stresses and this implies the cellular specificities of Ca patterns. In response to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.