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The latest technology being deployed at ports uses pressurized natural helium to directly detect fast neutrons, without the need for bulky neutron moderators. Utilizing recoil nuclei following neutron scatter events, natural helium glows (scintillates), allowing photomultipliers (e.g. SiPMs) to produce an electrical si... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Protein–lipid interaction is the influence of membrane proteins on the lipid physical state or vice versa.
The questions which are relevant to understanding of the structure and function of the membrane are: 1) Do intrinsic membrane proteins bind tightly to lipids (see annular lipid shell), and what is the nature of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the German/US HIBALL study, Garching used the high repetition rate of the RF driver to serve four reactor chambers using liquid lithium inside the chamber cavity. In 1982 high-confinement mode (H-mode) was discovered in tokamaks. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although not as toxic as many similar compounds, inhaled or ingested 1,1,1-trichloroethane does act as a central nervous system depressant and can cause effects similar to those of ethanol intoxication, including dizziness, confusion, and, in sufficiently high concentrations, unconsciousness and death. Fatal poisonings... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With single or prolonged exposure by inhalation the lungs may become sensitized to beryllium. Berylliosis has a slow onset and progression. Some people who are sensitized to beryllium may not have symptoms. Continued exposure causes the development of small inflammatory nodules, called granulomas. Of note, the authors ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Goldich dissolution series follows the same pattern of the Bowen's reaction series, with the minerals that are first to crystallize also the first the undergo chemical weathering. The Bowen’s reaction series dictates that during fractional crystallization, olivine and Ca-plagioclase feldspars are the first to cryst... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Episomes in prokaryotes are special sequences which can divide either separate from or integrated into the prokaryotic chromosome. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The immunomodulatory proteins, including virokines, in the poxvirus family have been extensively studied in the context of the evolution of the family. Virokines in this family are thought to have been acquired from host genes and from other viruses through horizontal gene transfer. Similar observations have been made ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A hybridization assay comprises any form of quantifiable hybridization i.e. the quantitative annealing of two complementary strands of nucleic acids, known as nucleic acid hybridization. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dry cask storage typically involves taking waste from a spent fuel pool and sealing it (along with an inert gas) in a steel cylinder, which is placed in a concrete cylinder which acts as a radiation shield. It is a relatively inexpensive method which can be done at a central facility or adjacent to the source reactor. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bifurcation theory is a useful way to study the stability of a given flow, with the changes that occur in the structure of a given system. Hydrodynamic stability is a series of differential equations and their solutions. A bifurcation occurs when a small change in the parameters of the system causes a qualitative chan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the thermodynamic limit, the total number of particles N are so large that the quantum number n may be treated as a continuous variable. In this case, the overall number density profile in the box is indeed uniform.
The number of quantum states in the range is:
Without loss of generality, the zero-point energy is c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3917539.stm Freak waves spotted from space], BBC News Online
* [http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMOKQL26WD_index_0.html Ship-sinking monster waves revealed by ESA satellites]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719032700/http://coast.gkss.de/projects/maxwave/ MaxWave project]
* [h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering inorganic, organometallic, bioinorganic, and solid-state chemistry. It is published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of Chemistry Europe.
The journal, along with the European Journal of Organic Chemistry, was established in 1998 as ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Precipitation of minerals is affected by water solubility within silicate melts, which typically exists as hydroxyl groups bound to Si or Group 1 and Group 2 cations in concentrations ranging from approximately 6-7 wt. %. Specifically, the equilibrium of water and dissolved oxygen yields hydroxides, where the K has bee... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Synthetic elements are excluded from the classification, as they do not occur naturally.
Trace radioactive elements (namely Tc, Pm, Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac, Pa, Np, Pu) are also treated as synthetic. Although these do occur in nature, their occurrence is entirely dependent on their long-lived parents Th and U, and they ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust's London Wetland Centre includes a rain garden.
* Islington London Borough Council commissioned sustainable drainage consultants Robert Bray Associates to design a pilot rain garden in the Ashby Grove development which was completed in 2011. This raingarden is fed from a typical modes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Individual lengths of ductile iron pipe are joined either by flanges, couplings, or some form of spigot and socket arrangement. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the first step of the mechanism, the glycosyl bromide reacts with silver carbonate upon elimination of silver bromide and the silver carbonate anion to the oxocarbenium ion. From this structure a dioxolanium ring is formed, which is attacked by methanol via an mechanism at the carbonyl carbon atom. This attack lead... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Navier–Stokes equations ( ) are partial differential equations which describe the motion of viscous fluid substances. They were named after French engineer and physicist Claude-Louis Navier and the Irish physicist and mathematician George Gabriel Stokes. They were developed over several decades of progressively b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trimedoxime bromide (INN), also known as dipyroxime or TMB-4, is an oxime used in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning It is chemically related to asoxime pralidoxime and obidoxime. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bacteriorhodopsin belongs to the microbial rhodopsin family. Its homologs include the archaerhodopsins, the light-driven chloride pump halorhodopsin (for which the crystal structure is also known), and some directly light-activated channels such as channelrhodopsin.
Bacteriorhodopsin is similar to vertebrate rhodopsins... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK, along with various non-governmental organizations focused on multiple sclerosis (MS), endorse the off-label use of modafinil to alleviate fatigue associated with MS.
MS-related fatigue is a common and often debilitating symptom experienced by peopl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Archimedes principle shows the buoyant force and displacement of fluid. However, the concept of Archimedes principle can be applied when considering why objects float. Proposition 5 of Archimedes treatise On Floating Bodies' states that
In other words, for an object floating on a liquid surface (like a boat) or floati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In lone-pair-active multiferroics, the ferroelectric displacement is driven by the A-site cation, and the magnetism arises from a partially filled d shell on the B site. Examples include bismuth ferrite, BiFeO, BiMnO (although this is believed to be anti-polar), and PbVO. In these materials, the A-site cation (Bi, Pb) ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This form factor does not include a display and these devices are designed to enable a new class of geographically-distributed spectrum monitoring and analysis applications. The key attribute is the ability to connect the analyzer to a network and monitor such devices across a network. While many spectrum analyzers ha... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With regard to the theory of CVI and ESA, there was an important observation made by O'Brien, who linked these measured parameters with dynamic electrophoretic mobility μ.
where
: A is calibration constant, depending on frequency, but not particles properties;
: ρ is particle density,
: ρ density of the fluid,
: φ is v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluoride can act as a base. It can combine with a proton ():
This neutralization reaction forms hydrogen fluoride (HF), the conjugate acid of fluoride.
In aqueous solution, fluoride has a pK value of 10.8. It is therefore a weak base, and tends to remain as the fluoride ion rather than generating a substantial amount o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The beam origin concept is used to describe the mechanisms governing the ecological condition of running waters. It is based on the positive influence of sections in very good condition on sections in less good condition. The idea was first introduced in 2008 by the German Council for Land Stewardship to reach the goal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
People can be exposed to bitumen in the workplace by breathing in fumes or skin absorption. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit of 5 mg/m over a 15-minute period.
Bitumen is basically an inert material that must be heated or diluted to a point where it ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The surface-area-to-volume ratio has physical dimension inverse length (L) and is therefore expressed in units of inverse metre (m) or its prefixed unit multiples and submultiples. As an example, a cube with sides of length 1 cm will have a surface area of 6 cm and a volume of 1 cm. The surface to volume ratio for thi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The OpenFOAM directory structure consists of two main directories:
* : OpenFOAM libraries whose directory layout is shown in the side-figure
* : A set of third-party libraries | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most important (in a commercial sense) peroxides are produced by autoxidation, the direct reaction of with a hydrocarbon. Autoxidation is a radical reaction that begins with the abstraction of an H atom from a relatively weak C-H bond. Important compounds made in this way include tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the breakdown of a compound into its constituent parts, the generalized reaction for chemical decomposition is:
: AB → A + B (AB represents the reactant that begins the reaction, and A and B represent the products of the reaction)
An example is the electrolysis of water to the gases hydrogen and oxygen:
: 2 HO() → 2... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Saloximes are used in the extraction and separation of metals from their ores. In one application of hydrometallurgy, Cu is extracted into organic solvents as its saloxime complex. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Depending on the position of an atom on a surface, it can be referred to by one of several names. Figure 1 illustrates the names for the atomic positions and point defects on a surface for a simple cubic lattice.
Figure 2 shows a scanning tunneling microscopy topographic image of a step edge that shows many of the fea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An intuitive understanding of the phenomenon comes from Newton's third law, that the deflective force on the body is a reaction to the deflection that the body imposes on the air-flow. The body "pushes" the air in one direction, and the air pushes the body in the other direction. In particular, a lifting force is accom... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The area of temporary hypoxic bottom water that occurs most summers off the coast of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico is the largest recurring hypoxic zone in the United States. It occurs only during the summer months of the year due to summer warming, regional circulation, wind mixing and high freshwater discharge. Th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The contact angle (symbol ) is the angle between a liquid surface and a solid surface where they meet. More specifically, it is the angle between the surface tangent on the liquid–vapor interface and the tangent on the solid–liquid interface at their intersection.
It quantifies the wettability of a solid surface by a l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Expansion joint failure can occur for various reasons, but experience shows that failures fall into several distinct categories. This list includes, but is not limited to: shipping and handling damage, improper installation/insufficient protection, during/after installation, improper anchoring, guiding, and supporting ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It gives the ratio of the occurrence each amino acid combination in the observed data to the expected value of occurrence of the pair.
It is rounded off and used in the substitution matrix.
where is the probability of observing the pair and is the expected probability of such a pair occurring, given the background pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Kazzinc selected the copper ISASMELT process for its Ust-Kamenogorsk metallurgical complex. It is designed to treat 290,000 t/y of copper concentrate and was commissioned in 2011. A projected capital cost for the smelter and refinery in 2006 was US$178 million. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diffuse correlation spectrometry measures the motion of scatters or red blood cells in tissue by analyzing the intensity of autocorrelation functions.
There are many advantages to this method. The first advantage is that DCS can be used for patients of all ages. This is significant as some modalities such as MRI are di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A group of distinguished scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) did a recent study on how laminin-111 interacts with the cytoplasmic protein, actin. Their study gave the following conclusions:
The biological process in which a cell ceases to continue g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The percent yield is a comparison between the actual yield—which is the weight of the intended product of a chemical reaction in a laboratory setting—and the theoretical yield—the measurement of pure intended isolated product, based on the chemical equation of a flawless chemical reaction, and is defined as,
The ideal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The other types of algae are diatoms and dinoflagellates, found primarily in marine environments, such as ocean coastlines or bays, where they can also form algal blooms. Coastal HABs are a natural phenomenon, although in many instances, particularly when they form close to coastlines or in estuaries, it has been shown... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When dealing with a heterogeneous surface, the Wenzel model is not sufficient. A more complex model is needed to measure how the apparent contact angle changes when various materials are involved. This heterogeneous surface, like that seen in Figure 8, is explained using the Cassie–Baxter equation (Cassie's law):
Here ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Beryllides of cobalt and nickel have metallurgical importance as the precipitated phase in beryllium copper alloys. These materials are nonsparking, which allows them to be used in certain hazardous environments.
In nuclear technology, beryllides are investigated as neutron multipliers. Unlike metallic Be, materials s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Suspension array technology (or SAT) is a high throughput, large-scale, and multiplexed screening platform used in molecular biology. SAT has been widely applied to genomic and proteomic research, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, genetic disease screening, gene expression profiling, screening dr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Symbols for chemical elements shall be written in roman (upright) type. The symbol is not followed by a full-stop.
Examples:
: H He C Ca
Attached subscripts or superscripts specifying a nucleotide or molecule have the following meanings and positions:
* The nucleon number (mass number) is shown in the left superscript ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The study of agrominerals is termed agrogeology, and agrogeologists are concerned with issues such as the replenishment of soil fertility in areas where agrominerals have been depleted by unsustainable farming methods. With current farming practice, the system is expected to have high crop production with low soil qual... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are many GFP-like proteins that, despite being in the same protein family as GFP, are not directly derived from Aequorea victoria. These include dsRed, eqFP611, Dronpa, TagRFPs, KFP, EosFP/IrisFP, Dendra, and so on. Having been developed from proteins in different organisms, these proteins can sometimes display u... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a molecule of chlorophyll absorbs light it is promoted from its ground state to its first singlet excited state. The excited state then has three main fates. Either the energy is; 1. passed to another chlorophyll molecule by Förster resonance energy transfer (in this way excitation is gradually passed to the photo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrosilylation of alkenes represents a commercially important method for preparing organosilicon compounds. The process is mechanistically similar to the hydrogenation of alkenes. In fact, similar catalysts are sometimes employed for the two catalytic processes.
The prevalent mechanism, called the Chalk-Harrod mechani... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DNA‐templated organic synthesis (DTS) is a way to control the reactivity of synthetic molecules by using nature's molarity‐based approach. Historically, DTS was used as a model of prebiotic nucleic acid replication. Now however, it is capable of translating DNA sequences into complex small‐molecule and polymer products... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The diastereoselectivity of radical cyclizations is often high. In most all-carbon cases, selectivity can be rationalized according to Beckwiths guidelines, which invoke the reactant-like, exo transition state shown above. Placing substituents in pseudoequatorial positions in the transition state leads to cis products ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Peripherally selective trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxylphenyl)piperidine opioid antagonists were developed for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorder by Zimmerman and his coworkers. From that, they derived the 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethylpiperidine scaffold with functional groups spanning various sizes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Roughness length () is a parameter of some vertical wind profile equations that model the horizontal mean wind speed near the ground. In the log wind profile, it is equivalent to the height at which the wind speed theoretically becomes zero in the absence of wind-slowing obstacles and under neutral conditions. In reali... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Halohydrins are usually prepared by treatment of an alkene with a halogen, in the presence of water. The reaction is a form of electrophilic addition, with the halogen acting as electrophile. In that regard, it resembles the halogen addition reaction and proceeds with anti addition, leaving the newly added X and OH gr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The N-terminal telopeptide (NTX), also known as amino-terminal collagen crosslinks, is the N-terminal telopeptide of fibrillar collagens such as collagen type I and type II. It is used as a biomarker to measure the rate of bone turnover. NTX can be measured in the urine (uNTX) or serum (serum NTX). The peptide consist... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It crystallizes as a tetrameric cubane-type cluster. It crystallises from tetrahydrofuran/pentane at −20°C as [tBuOK·tBuOH], which consists of straight chains linked by hydrogen bonding. Sublimation of [tBuOK·tBuOH] affords the tetramer [tBuOK], which adopts a cubane-like structure. Mild Lewis basic solvents such as TH... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1860, aged 20, Cleve became assistant professor of mineralogy at the University of Uppsala, and was appointed assistant professor of chemistry in 1868. He also taught at the Royal Institute of Technology between 1870 and 1874, and eventually became professor of general and agricultural chemistry at the University of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Evidence for the role of the endocannabinoid system in food-seeking behavior comes from a variety of cannabinoid studies. Emerging data suggests that THC acts via CB receptors in the hypothalamic nuclei to directly increase appetite. It is thought that hypothalamic neurons tonically produce endocannabinoids that work t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In November 2004 Rochdale councillor Tom Stott, a former employee at Turners, warned that any development of the site could be an environmental disaster, and that there could be so much asbestos waste in the ground that serious disturbance could lead to "Rochdales Chernobyl." He also expressed concern that the develope... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The redox reactions catalyzed by oxidoreductases are vital in all parts of metabolism, but one particularly important area where these reactions occur is in the release of energy from nutrients. Here, reduced compounds such as glucose and fatty acids are oxidized, thereby releasing energy. This energy is transferred to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This theory is a little similar to the Lock and Key Theory, but at this time the active site is preprogrammed to bind perfectly to substrate in transition state rather than in ground state. The formation of transition state within the solution requires a large amount of energy to relocate solvent molecules and the reac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the on-line process, the cleaning body moves through the tubes with the conveying medium and cleans them by means of its oversize compared to the tube diameter. In the range of diameters of up to 50 mm these cleaning bodies consist of sponge rubber, in larger diameters up to the size of oil pipelines it is a matter ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to Ligand Field Theory, the ns orbital is involved in bonding to the ligands and forms a strongly bonding orbital which has predominantly ligand character and the correspondingly strong anti-bonding orbital which is unfilled and usually well above the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Since the orbi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Proteorhodopsin belongs to a family of similar retinylidene proteins, most similar to its archaeal homologues halorhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin. Sensory rhodopsin was discovered by Franz Christian Boll in 1876. Bacteriorhodopsin was discovered in 1971 and named in 1973 and is currently only known to exist in archaea,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Avacopan was approved for medical use in the United States to treat anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis in October 2021. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Reduced immunogenicity compared to attenuated vaccines
** Require adjuvants to improve immunogenicity
** Often require multiple doses ("booster" doses) to provide long-term immunity
* Can be difficult to isolate the specific antigen(s) which will invoke the necessary immune response
*It is not easy to supervise conju... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In Idrija, Slovenia, where the world’s second largest mercury (Hg) mine operated has a significant amount of Hg emissions into the atmosphere by a surface process of adsorption of Hg from and to soil particles surfaces, which results in a diffusion of Hg through the pores of soil. To calculate the emission flux for Hg... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The H NMR spectra were recorded at a resonance frequency of 400 MHz with a resolution of 0.0625 Hz or at 90 MHz with a resolution of 0.125 Hz. The spectral acquisition was carried out using a flip angle of 22.5 – 30.0 degrees and a pulse repetition time of 30 seconds. Samples were prepared by dissolution in deuterated ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Buffer capacity is a quantitative measure of the resistance to change of pH of a solution containing a buffering agent with respect to a change of acid or alkali concentration. It can be defined as follows:
where is an infinitesimal amount of added base, or
where is an infinitesimal amount of added acid. pH is define... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Beweries, et al., developed a light-driven "closed cycle of water splitting using ansa-titanocene(III/IV) triflate complexes". | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The SMD can be defined as the diameter of a drop having the same volume/surface area ratio as the entire spray.
SMD is especially important in calculations where the active surface area is important. Such areas include catalysis and applications in fuel combustion. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfur has four main oxidation states in nature, which are −2, +2, +4, and +6. The common sulfur species of each oxidation state are listed as follows:
S: HS; (CH)S; BaS
S: native, or elemental, sulfur
S: SCl
S: SO; sulfite ()
S: (HSO, CaSO); SF | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nod factors structurally are lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) that consist of an N-acetyl--glucosamine chain linked through β-1,4 linkage with a fatty acid of variable identity attached to a non reducing nitrogen in the backbone with various functional group substitutions at the terminal or non-terminal residues.
Nod f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hassan Naim is a Lebanese-Swiss biochemist. He currently holds the position of Director of the "Institut für Physiologische Chemie" (Institute for Physiological Chemistry/Biochemistry) at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, while collaborating regularly with the University of Hannover. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Among the thousands of species of plant pathogenic microorganisms, only a small minority have the capacity to infect a broad range of plant species. Most pathogens instead exhibit a high degree of host-specificity. Non-host plant species are often said to express non-host resistance. The term host resistance is used wh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Crosstalk can even be observed across membranes. Membrane interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and with neighboring cells can trigger a variety of responses within the cell. However, the topography and mechanical properties of the ECM also come to play an important role in powerful, complex crosstalk with t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A common urban habitat, the lawn, consists of short grass and sometimes herbaceous plants. While modern artificial lawns have been connected to a negative environmental impact, lawns in the past have been more sustainable, and they promoted biodiversity and the growth of native plants. These historical lawns are impact... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
KRP stands for kinesin related proteins. bimC is a subfamily of KRPs and its function is to separate the duplicated centrosomes during mitosis. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nucleotidomimetics do not generally qualify as foldamers. Most are designed to mimic single DNA bases, nucleosides, or nucleotides in order to nonspecifically target DNA. These have several different medicinal uses including anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-fungal applications. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A DID is an ion detector which uses a high-voltage electric discharge to produce ions. The detector uses an electrical discharge in helium to
generate high energy UV photons and metastable helium which ionizes all compounds except helium. The ions produce an electric current, which is the signal output of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Warm spraying is a novel modification of high velocity oxy-fuel spraying, in which the temperature of combustion gas is lowered by mixing nitrogen with the combustion gas, thus bringing the process closer to the cold spraying. The resulting gas contains much water vapor, unreacted hydrocarbons and oxygen, and thus is d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The solution of the equations is a flow velocity. It is a vector field—to every point in a fluid, at any moment in a time interval, it gives a vector whose direction and magnitude are those of the velocity of the fluid at that point in space and at that moment in time. It is usually studied in three spatial dimensions ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aerosol is defined as a suspension system of solid or liquid particles in a gas. An aerosol includes both the particles and the suspending gas, which is usually air. Meteorologists usually refer them as particle matter - PM2.5 or PM10, depending on their size. Frederick G. Donnan presumably first used the term aerosol ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemical tube cleaning is understood to be the use of cleaning liquids or chemicals for removing layers and deposits. A typical example is the deliming of a coffee maker where scale is removed by means of acetic acid or citric acid. Depending on the field of application and tube material, special cleaning liquids may b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As the equation originated with Henri, not with Michaelis and Menten, it is more accurate to call it the Henri–Michaelis–Menten equation, though it was Michaelis and Menten who realized that analysing reactions in terms of initial rates would be simpler, and as a result more productive, than analysing the time course o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jeewanu is derived from Sanskrit jeewa, meaning "life", and anu, meaning the "smallest part of something", or the "indivisible". In contemporary Hindi, jeewanu also means unicellular organisms such as bacteria. Bahadur specifically used the term to represent the Indian philosophical tradition not only through the use o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Porphyrin ligands can be innocent (2-) or noninnocent (1-). In the enzymes chloroperoxidase and cytochrome P450, the porphyrin ligand sustains oxidation during the catalytic cycle, notably in the formation of Compound I. In other heme proteins, such as myoglobin, ligand-centered redox does not occur and the porphyrin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The executive council of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) voted in April 2011 to include Walter McCrone in its "Pantheon of Skeptics". The Pantheon of Skeptics commemorates deceased distinguished fellows of CSI and their exceptional contributions to the cause of scientific skepticism. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biochemists are scientists who are trained in biochemistry. They study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. Biochemists study DNA, proteins and cell parts. The word "biochemist" is a portmanteau of "biological chemist."
Biochemists also research how certain chemical reactions happen in c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Weimberg pathway is an oxidative pathway where the D-xylose is oxidized to D-xylono-lactone by a D-xylose dehydrogenase followed by a lactonase to hydrolyze the lactone to D-xylonic acid. A xylonate dehydratase is splitting off a water molecule resulting in 2-keto 3-deoxy-xylonate. 2-keto-3-deox-D-xylonate dehydrat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Lorentz force velocimetry system is called Lorentz force flowmeter (LFF). An LFF measures the integrated or bulk Lorentz force resulting from the interaction between a liquid metal in motion and an applied magnetic field. In this case, the characteristic length of the magnetic field is of the same order of magnitude ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Xylene is flammable but of modest acute toxicity, with ranges from 200 to 5000 mg/kg for animals. Oral for rats is 4300 mg/kg. The principal mechanism of detoxification is oxidation to methylbenzoic acid and hydroxylation to hydroxylene.
The main effect of inhaling xylene vapor is depression of the central nervous sy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are a few old studies indicating efficacy of lithium for acute depression with lithium having the same efficacy as tricyclic antidepressants. A recent study concluded that lithium works best on chronic and recurrent depression when compared to modern antidepressant (i.e. citalopram) but not for patients with no h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid descriptions of plasmas (see plasma modeling and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)) one does not consider the velocity distribution. This is achieved by replacing with plasma moments such as number density , flow velocity and pressure . They are named plasma moments because the -th moment of can be found by integr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To have an A- and B-term in the MCD spectrum, a molecule must contain degenerate excited states (A-term) and excited states close enough in energy to allow mixing (B-term). One case exemplifying these conditions is a square planar, d complex such as [(n-CH)N]Pt(CN). In addition to containing A- and B-terms, this exampl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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