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* Kronos Bio, President & Chief Executive Officer, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2018)
* Morphic Therapeutics, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2019)
* Bayer, Member of the supervisory board (since 2017)
* InCarda Therapeutics, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2016) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In anaerobic sediments and soils, 5β-coprostanol is stable for many hundreds of years enabling it to be used as an indicator of past faecal discharges. As such, records of 5β-coprostanol from paleo-environmental archives have been used to further constrain the timing of human settlements in a region, as well as reconst... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Big Bang is thought to be the origin of the hydrogen (including all deuterium) and helium in the universe. Hydrogen and helium together account for 98% of the mass of ordinary matter in the universe, while the other 2% makes up everything else. The Big Bang also produced small amounts of lithium, beryllium and perh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many reactions in organic chemistry can occur in either an intramolecular or intermolecular senses. Some reactions are by definition intramolecular or are only practiced intramolecularly, e.g.,
* Dieckmann condensation of diesters is the intramolecular version of aldol condensation.
* Madelung synthesis of indoles
* ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An important property of the non-radiative transition between E and A is that it is stronger for m = ±1 and weaker for m = 0. This provides the basis a very useful manipulation strategy, which is called spin state initialisation (or optical spin-polarization). To understand the process, first consider an off-resonance ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, recrystallization is a technique used to purify chemicals. By dissolving a mixture of a compound and impurities in an appropriate solvent, either the desired compound or impurities can be removed from the solution, leaving the other behind. It is named for the crystals often formed when the compound preci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He was the author of a very important textbook on electromagnetism with the following two editions:
* Corson, D.R. and Lorrain, P. Introduction to electromagnetic fields and waves, W. H. Freeman, 1962.
* Lorrain, P. and Corson, Dale R. Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, 2nd ed., W. H. Freeman, 1970 ().
The latter incorp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Experimental planning, expected properties and appropriate glass compositions can be estimated from similar data.
*Calculation of glass properties based on many independent data sources.
*Scientific understanding of glass composition-property relations.
*Design of glass compositions that are not patented by the compet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is a large number of methods for the determination of particle size, and it is important to acknowledge that these different methods are not expected to give identical results. The size of a particle depends on the method used for its measurement, and it is important to choose the method that is most relevant to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An amphibolic pathway is one that can be either catabolic or anabolic based on the availability of or the need for energy. The currency of energy in a biological cell is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which stores its energy in the phosphoanhydride bonds. The energy is utilized to conduct biosynthesis, facilitate moveme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oil reservoirs are routinely mapped by injecting a PFT down one bore hole and measuring the concentration at adjacent boreholes. In this way, geologists can build up an image of the reservoir.
Traditional underground high-tension cables are constructed either with internal oil ducts or channels or by the use of a pipe ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Leonard Adleman of the University of Southern California initially developed this field in 1994. Adleman demonstrated a proof-of-concept use of DNA as a form of computation which solved the seven-point Hamiltonian path problem. Since the initial Adleman experiments, advances have occurred and various Turing machines ha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dye completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in Natural Sciences in 1997 at the University of Cambridge, followed by a PhD on the Mechanical effects of welding superalloys in 2000, supervised by Roger Reed. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Kumar, Praveen; Mittal, Amit; Firoz, Mohammad (2020). "Carbon credit issuance: accounting based financial performance". SCMS Journal of Indian Management. 17(2): 111–119. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To measure the kinetic isotope effects of enzymatic reactions, biochemists perform in vitro experiments with enzymes and substrates. The goal of these experiments is to measure the difference in the enzymatic reaction rates for the monoisotopic substrate and the substrate with one rare isotope. There are two popularly ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In reality, this method is rarely used due to the difficulty of collecting and analysing the gas concentrations. However, by using an assumed value for oxygen consumption, cardiac output can be closely approximated without the cumbersome and time-consuming oxygen consumption measurement. This is sometimes called an a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Integrating governing equations with respect to r and applying the above discussed boundary conditions will result in: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Along with ubiquitination and phosphorylation, methylation is a major biochemical process for modifying protein function. The most prevalent protein methylations affect arginine and lysine residue of specific histones. Otherwise histidine, glutamate, asparagine, cysteine are susceptible to methylation. Some of these ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The enhanced reactivity at pentacoordinated silicon is not fully understood. Corriu and coworkers suggested that greater electropositive character at the pentavalent silicon atom may be responsible for its increased reactivity. Preliminary ab initio calculations supported this hypothesis to some degree, but used a smal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fireproof banknote is a demonstration of putting a banknote, previously soaked in 50% (v/v) alcohol fuel solution, to a flame. The fire is lit and later extinguished by itself without the banknote being burnt. This demonstration can be used to teach about the fire triangle and classes of fire. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In March researchers reported that three of five adult subjects who had acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) had been in remission for five months to two years after being treated with genetically modified T cells which attacked cells with CD19 genes on their surface, i.e. all B cells, cancerous or not. The researchers bel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Austempering is a hardening process that is used on iron-based metals to promote better mechanical properties. The metal is heated into the austenite region of the iron-cementite phase diagram and then quenched in a salt bath or other heat extraction medium that is between temperatures of . The metal is annealed in thi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A fluid flow can be considered as a dynamical system, that is a set of ordinary differential equations that determines the evolution of a Lagrangian trajectory. These equations are called advection equations:
where are the components of the velocity field, which are assumed to be known from the solution of the equatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2006 a new polymorph of maleic acid was discovered, 124 years after the first crystal form was studied. Maleic acid is manufactured on an industrial scale in the chemical industry. It forms salt found in medicine. The new crystal type is produced when a co-crystal of caffeine and maleic acid (2:1) is dissolved in ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TSS of a water or wastewater sample is determined by pouring a carefully measured volume of water (typically one litre; but less if the particulate density is high, or as much as two or three litres for very clean water) through a pre-weighed filter of a specified pore size, then weighing the filter again after the dry... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Both aerobic exercise and strength training (resistance exercise) attenuate myostatin expression, and myostatin inactivation potentiates the beneficial effects of endurance exercise on metabolism. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most active and mobile carbon pools and has an important role in global carbon cycling. In addition, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) affects the soil negative electrical charges denitrification process, acid-base reactions in the soil solution, retention and translocation of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Source (1990-2012): [http://www.dupont.com/content/dam/assets/corporate-functions/our-approach/science/awards-and%20-recognition/articles/documents/Lavoisier%20Academy.pdf Dupont] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140707204931/http://www.dupont.com/content/dam/assets/corporate-functions/our-approach/science/awards-and%20... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A clepsydra is a clock that measures time by the flow of water. It consists of a pot with a small hole at the bottom through which the water can escape. The amount of escaping water gives the measure of time. As given by the Torricelli's law, the rate of efflux through the hole depends on the height of the water; and a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the most direct evidence for absence of magnetic ordering give NMR or μSR experiments. If there is a local magnetic field present, the nuclear or muon spin would be affected which can be measured. H-NMR measurements on κ-(BEDT-TTF)Cu(CN) have shown no sign of magnetic ordering down to 32 mK, which is four orders... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal on electroanalytical chemistry, published by Elsevier twice per month. It was originally established in 1959 under the current name, but was known as the Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry from 1967 to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fourier-transform spectroscopy is a measurement technique whereby spectra are collected based on measurements of the coherence of a radiative source, using time-domain or space-domain measurements of the radiation, electromagnetic or not. It can be applied to a variety of types of spectroscopy including optical spectr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
AR STAT2 deficiency was first time observed in 2 siblings. After routine immunization with measles-mump-rubella, one sibling developed disseminated vaccine-strain measles (MMR) but recovered and second sibling died in infancy from a viral infection due to primary immunodeficiency disorder. Later, the results showed tha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the special case where the Prandtl number and turbulent Prandtl number both equal unity (as in the Reynolds analogy), the velocity profile and temperature profiles are identical. This greatly simplifies the solution of the heat transfer problem. If the Prandtl number and turbulent Prandtl number are different from... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A number of organism-specific transcriptome databases have been constructed and annotated to aid in the identification of genes that are differentially expressed in distinct cell populations.
RNA-seq is emerging (2013) as the method of choice for measuring transcriptomes of organisms, though the older technique of DNA ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An ironmaster is the manager, and usually owner, of a forge or blast furnace for the processing of iron. It is a term mainly associated with the period of the Industrial Revolution, especially in Great Britain.
The ironmaster was usually a large-scale entrepreneur and thus an important member of a community. He would h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lipid molecules in the HII phase pack inversely to the packing observed in the hexagonal I phase described above. This phase has the polar head groups on the inside and the hydrophobic, hydrocarbon tails on the outside in solution. The packing ratio for this phase is larger than one, which is synonymous with an inverse... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In some larger plants, fat and grease are removed by passing the sewage through a small tank where skimmers collect the fat floating on the surface. Air blowers in the base of the tank may also be used to help recover the fat as a froth. Many plants, however, use primary clarifiers with mechanical surface skimmers for ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A classic example of vinylogy is the relatively high acidity of the γ-hydrogen in . The acidity of the terminal methyl group is similar to that for the methyl ketone .
Vinylogous reactions also include conjugate additions, where a nucleophile reacts at the vinyl terminus, akin to the addition of the nucleophile to the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
LAGP glass-ceramics can be obtained starting from an amorphous glass with nominal composition of , which is subsequently annealed to promote crystallization. Compared to solid-state sintering, ceramic melt-quenching followed by crystallization is a simpler and more flexible process which leads to a denser and more homo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acoustic rheometers employ a piezo-electric crystal that can easily launch a successive wave of extensions and contractions into the fluid. This non-contact method applies an oscillating extensional stress. Acoustic rheometers measure the sound speed and attenuation of ultrasound for a set of frequencies in the megaher... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Across from each single strand of DNA, we typically see adenine pair with thymine, and cytosine pair with guanine to form a parallel complementary strand as described below. Two nucleotide sequences which correspond to each other in this manner are referred to as complementary:
A frayed end refers to a region of a dou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many valves have a spring for spring-loading, to normally shift the disc into some position by default but allow control to reposition the disc. Relief valves commonly use a spring to keep the valve shut, but allow excessive pressure to force the valve open against the spring-loading. Coil springs are normally used. Ty... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Usually called molybdenum pentachloride, it is in fact partly a dimer with the molecular formula . In the dimer, each molybdenum has local octahedral symmetry and two chlorides bridge between the molybdenum centers. A similar structure is also found for the pentachlorides of W, Nb and Ta. In the gas phase and partly in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In nature, denitrification can take place in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Typically, denitrification occurs in anoxic environments, where the concentration of dissolved and freely available oxygen is depleted. In these areas, nitrate (NO) or nitrite () can be used as a substitute terminal electron acceptor i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Jorge Allende was born in Cartago, Costa Rica, son of Octavio Allende Echeverría, Chilean Consul in the city of Puntarenas, and Amparo Rivera Ortiz, a Costa Rican artist. Because of his father's job as a diplomat, he spent his childhood years between Costa Rica, Chile and the United States. He finished high school in a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In physics, ferroics is the generic name given to the study of ferromagnets, ferroelectrics, and ferroelastics. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
cellDancer is a scalable deep neural network that locally infers velocity for each cell from its neighbors and then relays a series of local velocities to provide single-cell resolution inference of velocity kinetics. cellDancer improved the extisting hypothesis of kinetic rates of velocyto and scVelo, transcription ra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deacylations "play crucial roles in gene transcription and most likely in all eukaryotic biological processes that involve chromatin".
Acetylation is one type of post-translational modification of proteins. The acetylation of the ε-amino group of lysine, which is common, converts a charged side chain to a neutral one.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Native chemical ligation of unprotected peptide segments is used to prepare the protein's polypeptide chain, which is then folded to form a protein molecule. In native chemical ligation, a peptide C-terminal thioester reacts with a second peptide that has a cysteine residue at its N-terminus, to give a product with a p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some chemists have also considered the 2-norbornyl cation to be best represented by the nortricyclonium ion, a C-symmetric protonated nortricyclene. This depiction was first invoked to partially explain results of a C isotope scrambling experiment. The molecular orbital representation of this structure involves an in-p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Complexes with the similar salan or salalen ligands, with one or two saturated nitrogen–aryl bonds (amines rather than imines) tend to be less rigid and more electron-rich at the metal center than the corresponding salen complexes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The spontaneous assembly of a single layer of molecules at interfaces is usually referred to as two-dimensional self-assembly. One of the common examples of such assemblies are Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers and multilayers of surfactants. Non-surface active molecules can assemble into ordered structures as well. Early d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Completely clear filtrate cannot be obtained using belt press filters except in rare circumstances. Thus further treatment may be required for the filtrate before it is reused or discharged as waste. If the filter is downstream of a clarifier or thickener the filtrate (and wash water) can be recycled back into the clar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A betaine () in chemistry is any neutral chemical compound with a positively charged cationic functional group that bears no hydrogen atom, such as a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cation (generally: onium ions), and with a negatively charged functional group, such as a carboxylate group that may not be adjacent to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Fmoc group is rapidly removed by base. Piperidine is usually preferred for Fmoc group removal as it forms a stable adduct with the dibenzofulvene byproduct, preventing it from reacting with the substrate. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dexmedetomidine was approved in 1999 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a short-term sedative and analgesic (<24 hours) for critically ill or injured people on mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). The rationale for its short-term use was due to concerns over withdrawal side effects such... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pioneering work of chemical kinetics was done by German chemist Ludwig Wilhelmy in 1850. He experimentally studied the rate of inversion of sucrose and he used integrated rate law for the determination of the reaction kinetics of this reaction. His work was noticed 34 years later by Wilhelm Ostwald. After Wilhelmy,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aluminothermy started from the experiments of Russian scientist Nikolay Beketov at the University of Kharkiv in Ukraine, who proved that aluminium restored metals from their oxides under high temperatures. The reaction was first used for the carbon-free reduction of metal oxides. The reaction is highly exothermic, but ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DH5-Alpha Cells are E. coli cells engineered by American biologist Douglas Hanahan to maximize transformation efficiency. They are defined by three mutations: recA1, endA1 which help plasmid insertion and lacZΔM15 which enables blue white screening. The cells are competent and often used with calcium chloride transform... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Strong field approximation (SFA), or Keldysh-Faisal-Reiss theory is a physical model, started in 1964 by the Russian physicist Keldysh, is currently used to describe the behavior of atoms (and molecules) in intense laser fields.
SFA is the starting theory for discussing both high harmonic generation and attosecond pump... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mass of an atomic nucleus, for neutrons, protons, and therefore nucleons, is given by
where and are the rest mass of a proton and a neutron respectively, and is the binding energy of the nucleus. The semi-empirical mass formula states the binding energy is
The term is either zero or , depending on the parity... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A dangling side chain is a hydrocarbon chain side chains that branch off of the backbone of the polymer. Attached to the side chain are polar functional groups. The side chains "dangle" across the surface of the hydrogel, allowing it to interact with other functional groups and form new bonds. The ideal side chain woul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oxidation of pyridine occurs at nitrogen to give pyridine N-oxide. The oxidation can be achieved with peracids:
:CHN + RCOH → CHNO + RCOH
Some electrophilic substitutions on the pyridine are usefully effected using pyridine N-oxide followed by deoxygenation. Addition of oxygen suppresses further reactions at nitr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
α-Naphtholphthalein (CHO) is a phthalein dye used as a pH indicator with a visual transition from colorless/reddish to greenish blue at pH 7.3–8.7. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oocyte selection is a procedure that is performed prior to in vitro fertilization, in order to use oocytes with maximal chances of resulting in pregnancy. In contrast, embryo selection takes place after fertilization.
Not all women can conceive naturally, leaving them with a need for technologies and research that can ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Equilibrium fractionation occurs between chemicals or phases that are in equilibrium with each other. In equilibrium fractionation between phases, heavier phases prefer the heavier isotopes. For two phases A and B, the effect can be represented by the factor
In the liquid-vapor phase transition for water, at 20 degree... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A significant feature of the Cauchy equation and consequently all other continuum equations (including Euler and Navier–Stokes) is the presence of convective acceleration: the effect of acceleration of a flow with respect to space. While individual fluid particles indeed experience time-dependent acceleration, the conv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ethyl cyanohydroxyiminoacetate is a white solid which is soluble in many solvents common in the synthesis of peptides, such as dichloromethane or dimethylformamide (DMF). In crystalline form, the compound is present as an oxime, whereas it exists as a salt or in a strongly basic solution predominantly as a tautomeric n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Haloalkanes are diverse in their properties, making generalizations difficult. Few are acutely toxic, but many pose risks from prolonged exposure. Some problematic aspects include carcinogenicity and liver damage (e.g., carbon tetrachloride). Under certain combustion conditions, chloromethanes convert to phosgene, whic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The details of an agarose gel electrophoresis experiment may vary depending on methods, but most follow a general procedure. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Coandă effect, also known as "boundary layer attachment", is the tendency of a moving fluid to adhere to an adjacent wall. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fluorescence is when a molecule emits light of one wavelength after absorbing light of a different wavelength. Fluorometric assays use a difference in the fluorescence of substrate from product to measure the enzyme reaction. These assays are in general much more sensitive than spectrophotometric assays, but can suffer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photobiologically Active Radiation (PBAR) is a range of light energy beyond and including PAR. Photobiological Photon Flux (PBF) is the metric used to measure PBAR. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Front-of-house testing provides testing services to clients at events. It provides real-time, as-you-wait results. An example is the testing at BOOM festival in Portugal where drug testers are legally allowed to handle samples. Where testers are not allowed to handle samples, for fear of breaking laws around possession... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), founded in 2010, is a (DOE) Energy Innovation Hub whose primary mission is to find a cost-effective method to produce fuels using only sunlight, water, and carbon-dioxide. The program has a budget of $122M over five years, subject to Congressional appropriation.
Th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The episodes "The Naked Time" (Star Trek, 1966) and its sequel, "The Naked Now" (Star Trek: The Next Generation, 1987) involve forms of polywater intoxication. In the original episode, a scientific research outpost falls victim to polywater, which causes the crew to become so incapacitated that they all died after shut... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are many ways to help fix cultural eutrophication caused by agriculture. Some recommendations issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture:
# Nutrient Management Techniques - Anyone using fertilizers should apply fertilizer in the correct amount, at the right time of year, with the right method and placement. Org... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While some chemotaxis receptors are expressed in the surface membrane with long-term characteristics, as they are determined genetically, others have short-term dynamics, as they are assembled ad hoc in the presence of the ligand. The diverse features of the chemotaxis receptors and ligands allows for the possibility o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The inner chloroplast membrane borders the stroma and regulates passage of materials in and out of the chloroplast. After passing through the TOC complex in the outer chloroplast membrane, polypeptides must pass through the TIC complex (translocon on the inner chloroplast membrane) which is located in the inner chlorop... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PIPES (piperazine-N,N-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)) is a frequently used buffering agent in biochemistry. It is an ethanesulfonic acid buffer developed by Good et al. in the 1960s. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the absence of adequate cooling, the materials inside of the reactor vessel overheat and deform as they undergo thermal expansion, and the reactor structure fails once the temperature reaches the melting point of its structural materials. The corium melt then accumulates at the bottom of the reactor vessel. In the c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The phenomenon is so named after the lead researchers from a joint team drawn from NASA Ames Research Center, the Field Artillery Training Center at Fort Sill, Oklahoma and instructors from the USAF Air Weapons School at Nellis AFB in response to a formal request for assistance from United States Central Command, MacDi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In physics, a bipolaron is a type of quasiparticle consisting of two polarons. In organic chemistry, it is a molecule or a part of a macromolecular chain containing two positive charges in a conjugated system. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Both the fluorescence excitation and emission spectrums of wild-type EosFP are shifted ~65 nm to the right upon excitation toward the red end of the spectrum. This spectral change is caused by an extension of the chromophore accompanied by a break in the peptide backbone between Phe-61 and His-62 in an irreversible me... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metal oxide varistors typically develop lower resistance as they heat up. If connected directly across an AC or DC power bus (a common usage for protection against voltage spikes), a MOV which has developed a lowered trigger voltage can slide into catastrophic thermal runaway, possibly culminating in a small explosion... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the process of smelting, inorganic chlorides, fluorides (see fluorite), limestone and other materials are designated as "fluxes" when added to the contents of a smelting furnace or a cupola for the purpose of purging the metal of chemical impurities such as phosphorus, and of rendering slag more liquid at the smelti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The detection of -2-hydroxyglutarate in glioma patients using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been shown to be a noninvasive procedure. The presence of IDH1 or IDH2 mutations was linked to the detection of this oncometabolite 100 percent of the time. IDH2/R140Q is a specific mutation that has shown pro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Super-Kamiokande is a 50,000 ton water Cherenkov detector underground. The primary uses for this detector in Japan in addition to neutrino observation is cosmic ray observation as well as searching for proton decay. In 1998, the Super-Kamiokande was the site of the Super-Kamiokande experiment which led to the disc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An extensive range of recommended values for the Margules parameters can be found in the literature. Selected values are provided in the table below. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Lifshitz theory can be expressed as an effective Hamaker constant in the van der Waals theory.
Consider, for example, the interaction between an ion of charge , and a nonpolar molecule with polarizability at distance . In a medium with dielectric constant , the interaction energy between a charge and an electric d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to Zang, numerical simulation can be aided by considering the skew-symmetric form for the advection operator.
where
and is the same as above.
Since skew symmetry implies only imaginary eigenvalues, this form reduces the "blow up" and "spectral blocking" often experienced in numerical solutions with sharp dis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*X-ray crystallography
Just like other organic molecule study, X-ray crystallography is a very useful tool to know the detail information on the interaction between carbohydrate and protein.
*NMR Study
By using titration, NOESY(Nuclear Overhauser Effect SpectroscopY), CIDNP experiments, the specificity and affinity of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Togni reagent II is used for trifluoromethylation of organic compounds. For phenolates, the substitution takes place preferably in the ortho position. It is possible to obtain a second substitution by using an excess of Togni reagent II.
Reactions with alcohols yield the corresponding trifluoromethyl ethers.
Trifluorom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sequencing of nearly an entire human genome was first accomplished in 2000 partly through the use of shotgun sequencing technology. While full genome shotgun sequencing for small (4000–7000 base pair) genomes was already in use in 1979, broader application benefited from pairwise end sequencing, known colloquially as d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Slayton A. Evans Jr. (May 17, 1943 – March 24, 2001) was an American chemist and professor at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He was a leading researcher into organophosphorus chemistry. His research led to a greater understanding of the functions of organophosphate compounds and innovations in methods t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A weak electrolyte is one that is never fully dissociated (there are a mixture of ions and complete molecules in equilibrium). In this case there is no limit of dilution below which the relationship between conductivity and concentration becomes linear. Instead, the solution becomes ever more fully dissociated at weake... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In mass spectrometry, an ion funnel is a device used to focus a beam of ions using a series of stacked ring electrodes with decreasing inner diameter. A combined radio frequency and fixed electrical potential is applied to the grids. In electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), ions are created at atmospheric... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS/EDX) are composition characterization techniques that use x-ray excitation of electrons to discrete energy levels to quantify chemical composition. These techniques provide characterization at surface depths of 1–10 nanometers, approxi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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