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From pound down to the scruple, the units of the traditional English apothecaries system were a subset of the units of the Roman weight system, although the troy pound and its subdivisions were slightly heavier than the Roman pound and its subdivisions. Similar systems were used all over Europe, but with considerable l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A chaotropic agent is a substance which disrupts the structure of, and denatures, macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids (e.g. DNA and RNA). Chaotropic solutes increase the entropy of the system by interfering with intermolecular interactions mediated by non-covalent forces such as hydrogen bonds, van der Wa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mineralogists, in particular, are interested in morphological appearances of individual crystals, as defined by the actually formed crystal faces (tracht) and their relative sizes (habit). More advanced visualization capabilities allow for displaying surface characteristics, imperfections inside the crystal, lighting (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two-photon absorption (TPA) is a third-order process in which two photons are nearly simultaneously absorbed by the same molecule. If a second photon is absorbed by the same electron within the same quantum event, the electron enters an excited state.
This is the same phenomenon used in two-photon microscopy (TPM), but... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Natural Resources Engineering, the sixth Abet accredited environmental engineering program in the United States, is a subset of environmental engineering that applies various branches of science in order to create new technology that aims to protect, maintain, and establish sustainable natural resources. Specifically, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A scintillator ( ) is a material that exhibits scintillation, the property of luminescence, when excited by ionizing radiation. Luminescent materials, when struck by an incoming particle, absorb its energy and scintillate (i.e. re-emit the absorbed energy in the form of light). Sometimes, the excited state is metastab... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When you walk from a point to a point along a line (without changing directions) your net displacement and total distance covered are both equal to the length of said line . If you then return to point (without changing directions) then your net displacement is zero while your total distance covered is . This examp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As real measurement signals contain a certain level of noise, the derived 2D spectra are influenced and degraded with substantial higher amounts of noise. Hence, interpretation begins with studying the autocorrelation spectrum on the main diagonal of the 2D synchronous spectrum. In the 2D synchronous main diagonal sign... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photosynthesis is the natural process that converts CO using light to produce hydrocarbon compounds such as sugar. The depletion of fossil fuels encourages scientists to find alternatives to produce hydrocarbon compounds. Artificial photosynthesis is a promising method mimicking the natural photosynthesis to produce s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He received his B.A. in chemistry and physics from Harvard in 1963, and was then a Henry fellow at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology at Cambridge. In 1967, he received his Ph.D. in biophysics from Harvard, was a research fellow there as well as a junior fellow in the Society of Fellows, and joined the Harvard fac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diets in developed countries have lost microbiota-accessible carbohydrates which is the cause of a substantial depletion of gut microbiota taxa. This loss of microbiota diversity is likely involved in the increasing propensity for a broad range of inflammatory diseases, such as allergic disease, asthma, inflammatory b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For solution of substances which ionize in solution the activity coefficients of the cation and anion cannot be experimentally determined independently of each other because solution properties depend on both ions. Single ion activity coefficients must be linked to the activity coefficient of the dissolved electrolyte ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Detonation gun spraying like any other industrial process carries with it a number of safety hazards that need to be managed correctly in order to ensure operator safety whilst in use. These safety precautions primarily fall into the following categories and the hazard minimisation techniques suggested, in some cases h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Bell–Evans–Polanyi model was developed independently by Ronald Percy Bell and by Meredith Gwynne Evans and Michael Polanyi to explain the apparent linear relationship between activation energy and free energy in acid disassociation, as described in the Brønsted catalysis equation, which was the original linear free... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The trihexagonal tiling can be geometrically distorted into topologically equivalent tilings of lower symmetry. In these variants of the tiling, the edges do not necessarily line up to form straight lines. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the required steel had been formed, it was poured into ladles and then transferred into moulds while the lighter slag was left behind. The conversion process, called the "blow", was completed in approximately 20 minutes. During this period, the progress of the oxidation of the impurities was judged by the appearan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A chiral switch is a chiral drug that has already approved as racemate but has been re-developed as a single enantiomer. The term chiral switching was introduced by Agranat and Caner in 1999 to describe the development of single enantiomers from racemate drugs. For example, levofloxacin is a chiral switch of racemic o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In this type of reaction, a metal atom in a compound or solution is replaced by an atom of another metal. For example, copper is deposited when zinc metal is placed in a copper(II) sulfate solution:
In the above reaction, zinc metal displaces the copper(II) ion from copper sulfate solution and thus liberates free coppe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy or NQR is a chemical analysis technique related to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Unlike NMR, NQR transitions of nuclei can be detected in the absence of a magnetic field, and for this reason NQR spectroscopy is referred to as "zero Field NMR". The NQR resonance is mediated ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microautoradiography FISH is a technique to combine radio-labeled substrates with conventional FISH to detect phylogenetic groups and metabolic activities simultaneously. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Encouraging agricultural use of biosolids is intended to prevent filling landfills with nutrient-rich organic materials from the treatment of domestic sewage that might be recycled and applied as fertilizer to improve and maintain productive soils and stimulate plant growth. Biosolids can be an ideal agricultural condi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals require a lower dose of a pathogenic organism in order to contract an infection. Presently there are very few studies which are able to quantify the amount of time people are likely to spend in recreational waters and how much water they are likely to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As in metal–carbonyls, electrons are partially transferred from a d-orbital of the metal to antibonding molecular orbitals of the alkenes and alkynes. This electron transfer strengthens the metal–ligand bond and weakens the C–C bonds within the ligand. In the case of metal-alkenes and alkynes, the strengthening of the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In bioinformatics, a sequence entropy, also known as sequence complexity or information profile, is a numerical sequence providing a quantitative measure of the local complexity of a DNA sequence, independently of the direction of processing. The manipulations of the information profiles enable the analysis of the sequ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to make the equations dimensionless, a characteristic length r, and a characteristic velocity u, need to be defined. These should be chosen such that the dimensionless variables are all of order one. The following dimensionless variables are thus obtained:
Substitution of these inverse relations in the Euler m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The School of Chemistry is home to the Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability which is focused broadly on catalysis, sustainable processes and fuels, green chemistry, and organometallic chemistry. Other areas the group is interested in include batteries, nanoparticles, ionic liquids, biofuels, and nanostru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Degrees of german carbonate hardness (°dKH or ; the dKH is from the German deutsche Karbonathärte) is a unit of water hardness, specifically for temporary or carbonate hardness. Carbonate hardness is a measure of the concentration of carbonates such as calcium carbonate (CaCO) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO) per volume ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One type of chiral auxiliary is based on the trans-2-phenylcyclohexanol motif as introduced by James K. Whitesell and coworkers in 1985. This chiral auxiliary was used in ene reactions of the derived ester of glyoxylic acid.
In the total synthesis of (−)-heptemerone B and (−)-guanacastepene E, attached with trans-2-phe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chloroeremomycin is a member of the glycopeptide family of antibiotics, such as vancomycin. The molecule is a non-ribosomal polypeptide that has been glycosylated. It is composed of seven amino acids and three saccharide units. Although chloroeremomycin has never been in clinical phases, oritavancin, a semi-synthetic ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
His wife, Akemi, whom Shimomura met at Nagasaki University, is also an organic chemist and was a partner in his research activities. Their son, Tsutomu Shimomura, is a computer security expert who was involved in the arrest of Kevin Mitnick. Their daughter, Sachi Shimomura, is director of Undergraduate Studies for the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If both the equilibrium constant, and the standard enthalpy change, , for a reaction have been determined experimentally, the standard entropy change for the reaction is easily derived. Since and
To a first approximation the standard enthalpy change is independent of temperature. Using this approximation, definite i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A molecular-weight size marker, also referred to as a protein ladder, DNA ladder, or RNA ladder, is a set of standards that are used to identify the approximate size of a molecule run on a gel during electrophoresis, using the principle that molecular weight is inversely proportional to migration rate through a gel mat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sonoporation uses ultrasonic frequencies to deliver DNA into cells. The process of acoustic cavitation is thought to disrupt the cell membrane and allow DNA to move into cells. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Konovalov was born in Ivanovka and went to study at the Mining institute at St. Petersburg in 1878. He became a student of Dmitri Mendeleev in 1890 and later succeeded him as professor of inorganic chemistry at St. Petersburg. He became director of the Mining institute in 1904 and became a deputy minister of trade and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most gilding methods are additive: they deposit gold that was not there before onto the surface of an object. By contrast, depletion gilding is a subtractive process whereby material is removed to increase the purity of gold that is already present on an object's surface.
In depletion gilding, other metals are etched a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
William H. Peirce (died 1944) was an American civil engineer and metallurgist, who pioneered copper production in the early 20th century. Among his achievements was the , invented with Elias Anton Cappelen Smith. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For the hexagonal close-packed structure the derivation is similar. Here the unit cell (equivalent to 3 primitive unit cells) is a hexagonal prism containing six atoms (if the particles in the crystal are atoms). Indeed, three are the atoms in the middle layer (inside the prism); in addition, for the top and bottom lay... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are organic compounds with the general structure (O=CR)−C=C-R. Such compounds include enones and enals, but also carboxylic acids and the corresponding esters and amides. In these compounds, the carbonyl group is conjugated with an alkene (hence the adjective unsaturated). Unlike the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Boundary conditions for stress balance describe the capillary surface at the contact line: the line where a solid meets the capillary interface; also, volume constraints can serve as boundary conditions (a suspended drop, for example, has no contact line but clearly must admit a unique solution).
For static surfaces, t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One physical explanation for polyamorphism is the existence of a double well inter-atomic pair potential (see lower right diagram). It is well known that the ordinary liquid–gas critical point appears when the inter-atomic pair potential contains a minimum. At lower energies (temperatures) particles trapped in this min... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because malate dehydrogenase is closely tied to the citric acid cycle, studies have proposed and experimentally demonstrated that citrate is an allosteric regulator of malate dehydrogenase depending on the concentrations of L-malate and NAD. This may be due to deviations observed in the kinetic behavior of malate dehyd... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The critical concentration is the concentration of either G-actin (actin) or the alpha,beta- tubulin complex (microtubules) at which the end will remain in an equilibrium state with no net growth or shrinkage. What determines whether the ends grow or shrink is entirely dependent on the cytosolic concentration of availa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The main advantage of diffusion dialysis is the low energy consumption of the unit. This membrane technique operates under normal pressure and does not have a state change. Consequently, the energy required is significantly reduced, which reduces the operating cost. There is also the low installation cost, easy operati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
G. Marius Clore MAE, FRSC, FRS is a British-born, American molecular biophysicist and structural biologist. He was born in London, U.K. and is a dual U.S./U.K. Citizen. He is a Member of the National Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the Royal Society, a NIH Distinguished Investigator, and the Chief of the Molecular an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
C-S-H is a nano sized material with some degree of crystallinity as observed by X-ray diffraction techniques. The underlying atomic structure of C-S-H is similar to the naturally occurring mineral tobermorite. It has a layered geometry with calcium silicate sheet structure separated by an interlayer space. The silicate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Moshers acid, via its acid chloride derivative, reacts readily with alcohols and amines to give esters and amides, respectively. The lack of an alpha-proton on the acid prevents loss of stereochemical fidelity under the reaction conditions. Thus, using an enantiomerically pure Moshers acid allows for determination of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Larive worked in the field of bioanalytical chemistry, applying analytical tools such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry to the products of chemical separations. Much of her research focused on reducing the amount of sample needed for analysis, such as constructing microcoil NMR prob... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The equation parameter m, called the sensitivity factor of solvolysis, describes the compound’s ability to form the carbocation intermediate in given solvent system. It is the slope of the plot of log(k/k) vs Y values. Since the reference reaction has little solvent nucleophilic assistance, the reactions with m equal t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The classic shape associated with a drop (with a pointy end in its upper side) comes from the observation of a droplet clinging to a surface. The shape of a drop falling through a gas is actually more or less spherical for drops less than 2 mm in diameter. Larger drops tend to be flatter on the bottom part due to the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Synaptic degeneration and death of nerve cells are defining features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disorders. In AD, neurons in the hippocampus and basal forebrain (brain regions that subserve learning and memory functions) are selectively vulnerable. Studies of postmorte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Since set of nodal equations are solved nodal Jacobi matrix is used which is more sparse then the equivalent loop Jacobi matrix which may have negative impact on computational efficiency and usability. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Quasi-crystals are supramolecular aggregates exhibiting both crystalline (solid) properties as well as amorphous, liquid-like properties.
Self-organized structures termed "quasi-crystals" were originally described in 1978 by the Israeli scientist Valeri A. Krongauz of the Weizmann Institute of Science, in the Nature pa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sodium ion channels provide an integral service through the body, as they transmit depolarizing impulses at the cellular and intracellular level. This allows sodium ions to coordinate much more intensive processes such as movement and cognition. Sodium ion channels consist of various subunits, however, only the princip... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In some places carbon dioxide bubbles out from the sea floor, locally changing the pH and other aspects of the chemistry of the seawater. Studies of these carbon dioxide seeps have documented a variety of responses by different organisms. Coral reef communities located near carbon dioxide seeps are of particular intere... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Monosaccharides commonly found in eukaryotic glycoproteins include:
The sugar group(s) can assist in protein folding, improve proteins' stability and are involved in cell signalling. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic part of a cell and cytoskeletal filaments constantly grow and shrink through addition and removal of subunits. Directed crawling motion of cells such as macrophages relies on directed growth of actin filaments at the cell front (leading edge). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The surface plasmon polariton is a non-radiative electromagnetic surface wave that propagates in a direction parallel to the negative permittivity/dielectric material interface. Since the wave is on the boundary of the conductor and the external medium (air, water or vacuum for example), these oscillations are very se... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The monomers, 3-hydroxybutanoic acid and 3-hydroxypentanoic acid, are joined by ester bonds; the back bone of the polymer is made up of carbon and oxygen atoms.
The property of the PHBV depends upon the ratio of these two monomers in it.
3-hydroxybutanoic acid provides stiffness while 3-hydroxypentanoic acid promotes ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Consider the case of a thin, solid, parallel-sided rotating disc of axial thickness (L) and radius (L). The disc has a density (M/L), rotates at an angular velocity (T) and this leads to a stress (TLM) in the material. There is a theoretical linear elastic solution, given by Lame, to this problem when the disc i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The basic principles of MRFM imaging and the theoretical possibility of this technology were first described in 1991. The first MRFM image was obtained in 1993 at the IBM Almaden Research Center with 1-μm vertical resolution and 5-μm lateral resolution using a bulk sample of the paramagnetic substance diphenylpicrylhyd... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Julie Elizabeth Gough is a Professor of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering at The University of Manchester. She specializes on controlling cellular responses at the cell-biomaterial interface by engineering defined surfaces for mechanically sensitive connective tissues. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vitamin D was discovered in 1922 following on from previous research. American researchers Elmer McCollum and Marguerite Davis in 1914 discovered a substance in cod liver oil which later was called "vitamin A". British doctor Edward Mellanby noticed dogs that were fed cod liver oil did not develop rickets and concluded... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The use of the chiral pool is illustrated by the synthesis of the anticancer drug paclitaxel (Taxol). The incorporation of the C10 precursor verbenone, a member of the chiral pool, makes the production of paclitaxel more efficient than most alternatives.
Chiral pool synthesis is used to build a part of epothilone (an ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The classic Monod–Wyman–Changeux model (MWC) for cooperativity is generally published in an irreversible form. That is, there are no product terms in the rate equation which can be problematic for those wishing to build metabolic models since there are no product inhibition terms. However, a series of publications by P... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some impellers are similar to small propellers but without the large blades. Among other uses, they are used in water jets to power high speed boats.
Because impellers do not have large blades to turn, they can spin at much higher speeds than propellers. The water forced through the impeller is channeled by the housing... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The earliest smelted iron object from Europe is a knife blade from the Catacomb culture in present day Ukraine, dated to c. 2500 BC. During most of the Middle and Late Bronze Age in Europe, iron was present, though scarce. It was used for personal ornaments and small knives, for repairs on bronzes, and for bimetallic i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, , , and may vary with space and time. In cases in which they depend on concentration as well, the equation becomes nonlinear, giving rise to many distinctive mixing phenomena such as Rayleigh–Bénard convection when depends on temperature in the heat transfer formulation and reaction–diffusion pattern form... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In cattle and swine tissue, it was found in 2007 that a procedure for the analysis of ractopamine residues in liver or muscle can be performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The confirmatory method include reversed-phase HPLC/electrospray ionization triple tandem quadrupol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Salla disease is an extremely rare illness which is considered the mildest form of the free sialic acid accumulation disorders though its childhood form is considered an aggressive variant and people who suffer from it have mental retardation. It is an autosomic recessive disorder caused by a mutation of the chromosome... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The super-Tonks–Girardeau gas was experimentally observed in Ref. using an ultracold gas of cesium atoms. Reducing the magnitude of the attractive interactions caused the gas to became unstable to collapse into cluster-like bound states. Repulsive dipolar interactions stabilize the gas when instead using highly magnet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ferulic acid decarboxylases (Fdc) are decarboxylase enzymes capable of the reversible decarboxylation of aromatic carboxylic acids such as ferulic acid and cinnamic acid. Fdcs are fungal homologues of the E.coli' UbiD enzyme which is involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. This places Fdc within the wider UbiD enzyme fam... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zeta potential titration is a titration of heterogeneous systems, for example colloids and emulsions. Solids in such systems have very high surface area. This type of titration is used to study the zeta potential of these surfaces under different conditions. Details of zeta potential definition and measuring technique... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The A15 phases (also known as β-W or CrSi structure types) are series of intermetallic compounds with the chemical formula AB (where A is a transition metal and B can be any element) and a specific structure. The A15 phase is also one of the members in the Frank–Kasper phases family. Many of these compounds have superc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following genes are part of the chemical pathway for making heme:
*ALAD: aminolevulinic acid, δ-, dehydratase (deficiency causes ala-dehydratase deficiency porphyria)
*ALAS1: aminolevulinate, δ-, synthase 1
*ALAS2: aminolevulinate, δ-, synthase 2 (deficiency causes sideroblastic/hypochromic anemia)
*CPOX: coproporp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Attempts to model the formation of the "first" star from the pure hydrogen and helium gas clouds below about 10,000 K show that the heat generated in the gravitational contraction phase must be somehow radiatively released for further cooling to be possible. This is no problem as long as temperatures are still high e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When Rutherford began his studies at Cambridge, he was among the first aliens (those without a Cambridge degree) allowed to do research at the university, and was additionally honoured to study under J. J. Thomson.
With Thomson's encouragement, Rutherford detected radio waves at , and briefly held the world record for ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HMB is sold as an over-the-counter dietary supplement in the free acid form, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB-FA), and as a monohydrated calcium salt of the conjugate base, calcium monohydrate (HMB-Ca, CaHMB). Since only a small fraction of HMB's metabolic precursor, , is metabolized into HMB, pharmacologically act... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ingested methylmercury is readily and completely absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. It is mostly found complexed with free cysteine and with proteins and peptides containing that amino acid. The methylmercuric-cysteinyl complex is recognized by amino acids transporting proteins in the body as methionine, another e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As in simpler alkanes, carbon in the CFCs bond with tetrahedral symmetry. Because the fluorine and chlorine atoms differ greatly in size and effective charge from hydrogen and from each other, the methane-derived CFCs deviate from perfect tetrahedral symmetry.
The physical properties of CFCs and HCFCs are tunable by ch... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The building blocks of materials are the chemical elements. These can be identified by their atomic number Z, which is the number of protons in the nucleus. An element can have more than one value for N, the number of neutrons in the nucleus. The sum of these is the mass number, which is roughly equal to the atomic mas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tm is an abbreviation for anionic tridentate ligand based on three imidazole-2-thioketone groups bonded to a borohydride center. They are examples of scorpionate ligands. Various ligands in this family are known, differing in what substituents are on the imidazoles. The most common is Tm, which has a methyl group on th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War, the Rainbow Herbicides were a group of tactical-use chemicals used by the United States military. The environmental destruction caused by this defoliation has been described by Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme, lawyers, historians and other academics as an ecocide. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
BEDT-TTF is the short form of bisethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene commonly abbreviated with ET. These molecules form planes which are separated by anions. The pattern of the molecules in the planes is not unique but there are several different phases growing, depending on the anion and the growth conditions. Important... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Physiological ketosis is the non-pathological (normal functioning) elevation of ketone bodies that can result from any state of increased fatty acid oxidation including fasting, prolonged exercise, or very low-carbohydrate diets such as the ketogenic diet. In physiological ketosis, serum ketone levels generally remain ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Surface magnetic resonance (or magnetic resonance sounding) is based on the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and measurements can be used to indirectly estimate the water content of saturated and unsaturated zones in the earth's subsurface. SNMR is used to estimate aquifer properties, including quantity of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Cross-coupling reactions
** Castro-Stephens coupling
** Heck reaction
** Stille reaction
** Suzuki reaction
** Negishi coupling
** Kumada coupling
* Transmetalation | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*[https://i-aps.org Inter-American Photochemical Society]
*[https://www.photochemistry.eu European Photochemistry Association]
*Asian and Oceanian Photochemistry Association | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Primary aromatic amines yield diazonium ions in a solution of sodium nitrite. Upon heating this solution with copper(I) chloride, the diazonium group is replaced by -Cl. This is a comparatively easy method to make aryl halides as the gaseous product can be separated easily from aryl halide.
When an iodide is to be made... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Accurate detection and quantification are the most vital components of the TOC analysis process. Conductivity and non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) are the two common detection methods used in modern TOC analyzers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In dairy cattle, ketosis commonly occurs during the first weeks after giving birth to a calf and is sometimes referred to as acetonemia. This is the result of an energy deficit when intake is inadequate to compensate for the increased metabolic demand of lactating. The elevated β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations can depr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The daughter nuclide of a decay event may also be unstable (radioactive). In this case, it too will decay, producing radiation. The resulting second daughter nuclide may also be radioactive. This can lead to a sequence of several decay events called a decay chain (see this article for specific details of important natu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In HR-EBSD analysis, the lattice distortion field is calculated relative to a reference pattern or point (EBSP) per grain in the map, and is dependent on the lattice distortion at the point. The lattice distortion field in each grain is measured with respect to this point; therefore, the absolute lattice distortion at ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FAHFAs (fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids) are formed in adipose tissue, improve glucose tolerance and also reduce adipose tissue inflammation. Palmitic acid esters of hydroxy-stearic acids (PAHSAs) are among the most bioactive members able to activate G-protein coupled receptors 120. Docosahexaenoic acid ester ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This is the most common use for galvanized metal, and hundreds of thousands of tons of steel products are galvanized annually worldwide. In developed countries most larger cities have several galvanizing factories, and many items of steel manufacture are galvanized for protection. Typically these include: street furnit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On April 13, 2024, Kang married Busan MBC weathercaster Jung Min-kyung, whom he started dating prior to Phantom Singer 2. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because her interests leaned to the humanities, Weeks was drawn to the history of chemistry. Initially, she wrote about the elements as a hobby. From 1932-1933, while at the University of Kansas, Weeks wrote a series of 21 articles on the discovery of the elements for the Journal of Chemical Education.
Due to demand f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An effective sample preparation protocol, usually involving either liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or solid phase extraction (SPE) and frequently derivatisation can remove ion suppressing species from the sample matrix prior to analysis. These common approaches may also remove other interferences, such as isobaric speci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During periods of high blood sugar, glucose 6-phosphate from glycolysis is diverted to the glycogen-storing pathway. It is changed to glucose-1-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase and then to UDP-glucose by UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. Glycogen synthase adds this UDP-glucose to a glycogen chain. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Airbeams, inflatable spars, inflatable wings, and tensairity-enhanced inflatable bladders provide a means to structure practical objects.
Inflatable ballute structures have been proposed for use during aerocapture, aerobraking and atmospheric entry of cubesat and nanosat satellites. The inflatable structures for thes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The epiglottis is a flap of elastic cartilage attached to the entrance of the larynx. It is covered with a mucous membrane and there are taste buds on its lingual surface which faces into the mouth. Its laryngeal surface faces into the larynx. The epiglottis functions to guard the entrance of the glottis, the opening b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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