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SpliceInfo is a database for the four major alternative-splicing modes (exon skipping, 5-alternative splicing, 3-alternative splicing and intron retention) in the human genome.
This resource appears to be no longer available. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Absolute configuration refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms within a chiral molecular entity (or group) and its resultant stereochemical description. Absolute configuration is typically relevant in organic molecules where carbon is bonded to four different substituents. This type of construction creates two possi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reactions that reduce Fd include the oxidation of aldehydes to acids like the glyceraldehyde to glycerate reaction (-580 mV), the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase reaction (-520 mV), and the 2-oxoacid:Fd Oxidoreductase reactions (-500 mV) like the reaction carried out by pyruvate synthase. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The School of Chemistry was established as a part of the Faculty of Science in 1882. However, chemistry was taught at the University of Sydney since 1852. A purpose-built building was constructed on what was later named Science Road starting in 1888 and was completed in 1890. The building was designed largely by Archib... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Macromolecules often have unusual physical properties that do not occur for smaller molecules.
Another common macromolecular property that does not characterize smaller molecules is their relative insolubility in water and similar solvents, instead forming colloids. Many require salts or particular ions to dissolve in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
F is a water insoluble protein with eight subunits and a transmembrane ring. The ring has a tetrameric shape with a helix-loop-helix protein that goes through conformational changes when protonated and deprotonated, pushing neighboring subunits to rotate, causing the spinning of F which then also affects conformation o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the year 1975, timoprazole was found to inhibit acid secretion irrespective of stimulus, extracellular or intracellular. Studies on timoprazole revealed enlargement of the thyroid gland due to inhibition of iodine uptake as well as atrophy of the thymus gland. A literature search showed that some substituted mercapt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On the news of Lulu and Nana having been born, the Peoples Daily announced the experimental result as "a historical breakthrough in the application of gene editing technology for disease prevention." But scientists at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing immediately developed serious concerns. Robin ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. Atomic physics typically refers to the study of atomic structure and the interaction between atoms. It is primarily concerned with the way in which electrons are arranged around the nucleus and
the proces... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. By adsorbing to the air-water interface of alveoli, with hydrophilic head groups in the water and the hydrop... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By the early 19th century the puddling process was widespread. Until technological advances made it possible to work at higher heats, slag impurities could not be removed entirely, but the reverberatory furnace made it possible to heat iron without placing it directly in the fire, offering some degree of protection fro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flow injection techniques have proven very useful in marine science for both organic and inorganic analytes in marine animal samples/seafood. Flow Injection methods applied to the determination of amino acids (histidine, L-lysine and tyrosine), DNA/RNA, formaldehyde, histamine, hypoxanthine, polycyclic aromatic hydroca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Duplornaviricota contains most dsRNA viruses, including reoviruses, which infect a diverse range of eukaryotes, and cystoviruses, which are the only dsRNA viruses known to infect prokaryotes. Apart from RdRp, viruses in Duplornaviricota also share icosahedral capsids that contain 60 homo- or heterodimers of the capsid ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If creating an mRNA library (i.e. with cDNA clones), there are several possible protocols for isolating full length mRNA. To extract DNA for genomic DNA (also known as gDNA) libraries, a DNA mini-prep may be useful. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some words common in spectroscopy, optical microscopy and photography have been adapted or their scope modified for their use in chemical imaging. They include: resolution, field of view and magnification. There are two types of resolution in chemical imaging. The spectral resolution refers to the ability to resolve sm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Borane dimethylsulfide is flammable and reacts readily with water to produce a flammable gas. It also has an unpleasant smell. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Best polymerization conditions for acrylamide gels are obtained at 25–30 °C and polymerization seems terminated after 20–30 min of reaction although residual monomers (10–30%) are detected after this time. The co-polymerization of acrylamide (AA) monomer/N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (Bis-AA) cross-linker initiated by am... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The AFM has three major abilities: force measurement, topographic imaging, and manipulation.
In force measurement, AFMs can be used to measure the forces between the probe and the sample as a function of their mutual separation. This can be applied to perform force spectroscopy, to measure the mechanical properties of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Similar reactivity has also been observed for other hypervalent structures such as the miscellany of phosphorus compounds, for which hexacoordinated transition states have been proposed.
Hydrolysis of phosphoranes and oxyphosphoranes have been studied and shown to be second order in water. Belskii et al.'. have propos... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The nitroso group has both a +M and -M effect, but the -M effect is more favorable.
Nitrogen has a lone pair of electrons. However, the lone pair of its monomer form is unfavourable to donate through resonance. Only the dimer form is available for +M effect. However, the dimer form is less stable in a solution. Therefo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
K2.3 contains 6 transmembrane domains, a pore-forming region, and intracellular N- and C- termini and is readily blocked by apamin. The gene for K2.3, KCNN3, is located on chromosome 1q21. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The increased complexity of the phosphorelay system compared to orthodox two-component signaling provides additional opportunities for regulation and improves the specificity of the response. Although there is very little cross-talk between orthodox two-component systems, phosphorelays allow more complex signaling path... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Between 1857 and 1865, Macadam served as honorary secretary to the Exploration Committee of the Royal Society of Victoria, which organised the Burke and Wills expedition.
The expedition was organised by the society with the aim of crossing the continent of Australia from the south to the north coasts, map it, and colle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microbubble contrast agents are generally used in contrast-enhanced ultrasound applications to enhance the acoustic impact of ultrasound. For sonoporation specifically, microbubbles are used to significantly enhance membrane translocation of molecular therapeutics. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fish exhibit a wide range of tactics to counteract aquatic hypoxia, but when escape from the hypoxic stress is not possible, maintaining oxygen extraction and delivery becomes an essential component to survival. Except for the Antarctic ice fish that does not, most fish use hemoglobin (Hb) within their red blood cells ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chair conformation of six-membered rings have a dihedral angle of 60° between adjacent substituents thus usually making it the most stable conformer. Since there are two possible chair conformation steric and stereoelectronic effects such as the anomeric effect, 1,3-diaxial interactions, dipoles and intramolecular ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a hydraulic engineering application, it is typical for the volumetric flow within a pipe (that is, its productivity) and the head loss per unit length (the concomitant power consumption) to be the critical important factors. The practical consequence is that, for a fixed volumetric flow rate , head loss decreases... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Brazil's National Health Surveillance Agency banned the use of tanning beds for cosmetic purposes in 2009, making that country the first to enact a ban. It followed a 2002 ban on minors using the beds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Following the total synthesis of bottromycin, Kobayashi and colleagues synthesized a series of bottromycin derivatives and evaluated their anti-MRSA and anti-VRE activity. Only derivatives of the methyl ester moiety were explored, as they found that the methyl ester was both important for antibacterial activity and uns... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ram Charan Mehrotra was born in a middle-class family on 16 February 1922 in Kanpur in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh to Ram Bharose Mehrotra, a small-time cloth merchant and his homemaker wife, Chameli Devi. He lost both his parents before he turned 10 and had to continue his studies depending on merit scholarships... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The acidity of boric acid solutions is greatly increased in the presence of cis-vicinal diols (organic compounds containing similarly oriented hydroxyl groups in adjacent carbon atoms, ) such as glycerol and mannitol.
The tetrahydroxyborate anion formed in the dissolution spontaneously reacts with these diols to form r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A powerful demonstration of stacking is found in the buckycatcher. This molecular tweezer is based on two concave buckybowls with a perfect fit for one convex fullerene molecule. Complexation takes place simply by evaporating a toluene solution containing both compounds. In solution an association constant of 8600 M is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The electronic transitions of the water molecule lie in the vacuum ultraviolet region. For water vapor the bands have been assigned as follows.
*65 nm band — many different electronic transitions, photoionization, photodissociation
*discrete features between 115 and 180 nm
**set of narrow bands between 115 and 125 nm (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Except for fluorine that can only form unstable polyfluorides at low temperature, all other stable halogens (Cl, Br, I) can form several isopolyhalogen anions that are stable at room temperature, of which the most prominent example being triiodide. In all these anions, the halogen atoms of the same element bond to each... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bioceramics properties of being anticorrosive, biocompatible, and aesthetic make them quite suitable for medical usage. Zirconia ceramic has bioinertness and noncytotoxicity. Carbon is another alternative with similar mechanical properties to bone, and it also features blood compatibility, no tissue reaction, and non-t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Source:
PICS is a powerful analysis tool that resolves correlations on the nanometer length and millisecond timescale. Adapted from methods of spatio-temporal image correlation spectroscopy, it exploits the high positional accuracy of single-particle tracking. While conventional tracking methods break down if multiple ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Compositional names impart little structural information and are recommended for use when structural information is not available or does not need to be conveyed.
Stoichiometric names are the simplest and reflect either the empirical formula or the molecular formula. The ordering of the elements follows the formal elec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electron-positron pairs will form in the high charge field via the Schwinger mechanism when the electric charge of udQM is larger than 163, at which the baryon number is 609. The smallest stable udQM against neutron emission would be at baryon number 39. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Davy was born in Penzance, Cornwall, in the Kingdom of Great Britain on 17 December 1778, the eldest of the five children of Robert Davy, a woodcarver, and his wife Grace Millett. According to his brother and fellow chemist John Davy, their hometown was characterised by "an almost unbounded credulity respecting the sup... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) was a cooperative federal program that was first authorized in 1981 in order to coordinate acid rain research and report those findings to the U.S. Congress. The research, monitoring, and assessment efforts of NAPAP, and other groups in the 1980s, culminated in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to the National Geographic, the Chesapeake Bay was one of the first hypoxic zones to be identified in the 1970s. The Chesapeake Bay experiences seasonal hypoxia due to high nitrogen levels. These nitrogen levels are caused by urbanization, there are multiple factories that pollute the atmosphere with nitrogen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The phenomenon was discovered in 1832 by Friedrich Wöhler and Justus von Liebig. They observed that the silky needles of freshly crystallized benzamide slowly converted to rhombic crystals. Present-day analysis identifies three polymorphs for benzamide: the least stable one, formed by flash cooling is the orthorhombic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The multiple hearth furnaces consist of several circular hearths or kilns superimposed on each other. Material is fed from the top and is moved by the action of rotating "rabble arms", and the revolving mechanical rabbles attached to the arms move over the surface of each hearth to continuously shift the ore. The arms ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Eukaryotic cells are composed of the following organelles:
* Nucleus: The nucleus of the cell functions as the genome and genetic information storage for the cell, containing all the DNA organized in the form of chromosomes. It is surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which includes nuclear pores allowing for the transport... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The regioselectivity of water elimination is highly influenced by ring size. When water is eliminated from cyclic tertiary alcohols by an E1 route, three major products are formed. The semicyclic isomer (so-called because the double bond is shared by a ring atom and an exocyclic atom) and the (E) endocyclic isomer are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The MLN can provide an important component of mercury dry deposition to a forested landscape. The importance of litterfall mercury data for quantifying atmospheric mercury deposition to forests was demonstrated with studies at NADP sites in the eastern USA from 2007-2009 and 2007 to 2014. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many terms are used to denote constructed wetlands, such as reed beds, soil infiltration beds, treatment wetlands, engineered wetlands, man-made or artificial wetlands. A biofilter has some similarities with a constructed wetland, but is usually without plants.
The term of constructed wetlands can also be used to descr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A mixture of bromo acetal 1 (549 mg, 1.78 mmol), AIBN (30.3 mg, 0.185 mmol), and BuSnH (0.65 mL, 2.42 mmol) in dry benzene (12 mL) was heated under reflux for 1 hour and then evaporated under reduced pressure. Silicagel column chromatography of the crude product with hexane–EtOAc (92:8) as eluant gave tetrahydropyran 2... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Compounds with double bonds between carbon and sulfur are relatively uncommon, but include the important compounds carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide, and thiophosgene. Thioketones (RC(=S)R′) are uncommon with alkyl substituents, but one example is thiobenzophenone. Thioaldehydes are rarer still, reflecting their lack ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The injector consists of a body filled with a secondary fluid, into which a motive fluid is injected. The motive fluid induces the secondary fluid to move. Injectors exist in many variations, and can have several stages, each repeating the same basic operating principle, to increase their overall effect.
It uses the Ve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The European Association of Geochemistry publishes, co-publishes, or sponsors the following:
* [http://www.geochemicalperspectives.org/ Geochemical Perspectives] – 4 issues a year
* Geochemical Perspectives Letters – an open access journal
* Elements: An International Magazine of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Petrology... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first step in the NADP-ME type pathway is the conversion of pyruvate (Pyr) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), by the enzyme Pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK). This reaction requires inorganic phosphate and ATP plus pyruvate, producing PEP, AMP, and inorganic pyrophosphate (PP). The next step is the carboxylation of PE... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zinc serves a purely structural role in zinc fingers, twists and clusters. Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA. Each of the nine or ten ions in a zinc finger helps maintain the finger's structure by ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanofuidic triode is a three-terminal double junction nanofluidic device composed of positive-charged alumina and negative-charged silica nanochannels. The device is essentially a three-terminal bipolar junction transistor. By controlling the voltage across emitter and collector terminals, one can regulate the ion curr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hematological abnormalities often associate with chronic liver diseases. Both iron overload and iron deficient anemia have been reported in patients with liver cirrhosis. The former is mainly due to reduced hepcidin level caused by the decreased synthetic capacity of the liver, while the latter is due to acute and chro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The gal operon is a prokaryotic operon, which encodes enzymes necessary for galactose metabolism. Repression of gene expression for this operon works via binding of repressor molecules to two operators. These repressors dimerize, creating a loop in the DNA. The loop as well as hindrance from the external operator preve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the classic structures of resorcinarenes and pyrogallolarenes is shown below. Because of the phenol group, some hydrogen bonds are foromed among the molecules. Sometimes, the binding ratio of the host and guest could reach 2 : 1. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rotation around the C-5/C-6 bond is described by the angle ω. Three possible staggered conformations are possible:: gauche–trans (gt), gauche–gauche (gg), and trans–gauche (tg). The name indicates the interaction between O-5 and OH-6 first followed by the interaction between OH-6 and C-4. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The measurement time required for a single impedance measurement point strongly depends on the frequency of interest. While frequencies above about 1 Hz can be measured within seconds, the measurement time increases significantly in the lower frequency range.
Although the exact duration for measuring a complete impedan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The law can be written as:
or
where
*V is the volume of the gas;
*n is the amount of substance of the gas (measured in moles);
*k is a constant for a given temperature and pressure.
This law describes how, under the same condition of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the same number of molecu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, vitamin D is found in animal source foods, particularly fish, meat, offal, egg and dairy.
Vitamin D is found in fungi and is produced by ultraviolet irradiation of ergosterol. The vitamin D content in mushrooms and Cladina arbuscula, a lichen, increases with exposure to ultraviolet light, and is stimulated ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phred is often used together with another software program called Phrap, which is a program for DNA sequence assembly. Phrap was routinely used in some of the largest sequencing projects in the Human Genome Sequencing Project and is currently one of the most widely used DNA sequence assembly programs in the biotech ind... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dissimilatory metal reducers are a diverse group of microorganisms, which is reflected in the factors that affect the different forms of metal reduction. The process of dissimilatory metal reduction occurs in the absence of oxygen (O), but dissimilatory metal reducers include both obligate (strict) anaerobes, such as t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One can show that a given vector field can be decomposed as
Different than the usual Helmholtz decomposition, the
Helmholtz–Leray decomposition of is unique (up to an
additive constant for ). Then we can define as
The Leray projector is defined similarly on function spaces other than the Schwartz space, and on diff... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When surfactants are present above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), they can act as emulsifiers that will allow a compound that is normally insoluble (in the solvent being used) to dissolve. This occurs because the insoluble species can be incorporated into the micelle core, which is itself solubilized in the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1874, Cleve married Carolina Alma "Caralma" Öhbom (known as Alma Cleve), a teacher and author; the couple had three daughters. The first daughter, Astrid Maria Cleve (born 22 January 1875), became a botanist. His son-in-law and grandson, Hans von Euler-Chelpin and Ulf von Euler, both won Nobel Prizes. Cleve was frie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tumor development is a complex process that requires cell division, growth, and survival. One approach used by tumors to upregulate growth and survival is through autocrine production of growth and survival factors. Autocrine signaling plays critical roles in cancer activation and also in providing self-sustaining grow... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Newer developments of estimation methods have shown that the quality of the Joback method is limited. The original authors already stated themselves in the original article abstract: "High accuracy is not claimed, but the proposed methods are often as or more accurate than techniques in common use today."
The list of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Remote surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) consists of using metallic nanowaveguides supporting propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) to perform SERS at a distant location different to the one of the incident laser.
Propagating SPPs supported by nanowires has been used to show the remote excitation., as ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Given a thermodynamic system at an absolute temperature , the average thermal energy carried by each microscopic degree of freedom in the system is (i.e., about , or , at room temperature). This is generally true only for classical systems with a large number of particles, and in which quantum effects are negligible.
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sheldon Cooper, a fictional physicist from the television series The Big Bang Theory, appeared on the cover of a fictional issue of the journal. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Non ideal compressible fluid dynamics (NICFD), or non ideal gas dynamics, is a branch of fluid mechanics studying the dynamic behavior of fluids not obeying ideal-gas thermodynamics. It is for example the case of dense vapors, supercritical flows and compressible two-phase flows. With the term dense vapors, we indicate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fumonisin B2 is a fumonisin mycotoxin produced by the fungi Fusarium verticillioides (formerly Fusarium moniliforme) and Aspergillus niger.
It is a structural analog of fumonisin B3, while it is lacking one hydroxy group compared to fumonisin B1.
Fumonisin B2 is more cytotoxic than fumonisin B1. Fumonisin B2 inhibits s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A class of tetradentate ligands with the generic name acacen are obtained by the condensation of derivatives of acetylacetone and ethylenediamine. Cobalt complexes [Co(acacen)L], selectively inhibit the activities of histidine-containing proteins through exchange of the axial ligands. These compounds show promise for t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sand particles range in size (about 0.05–2 mm). Sand is the most coarse of the particle groups. Sand has the largest pores and soil particles of the particle groups. It also drains the most easily. These particles become more involved in chemical reactions when coated with clay. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the unfavoured bond angles (60°), cyclopropyl groups are highly strained. Two orbital models were proposed to describe the bonding situation. The Coulson-Moffit model uses bent bonds. The C-C bonds are formed by overlap of two sp-hybrid orbitals. To adapt to the small bond angle, there is some rehybridization re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluorofluids are generally of very low toxicity, so much that they have been evaluated as synthetic blood. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It has been observed that the development of hormone resistance in prostate cancer may be due to the upregulation of antiapoptotic genes, one of which is survivin.
Zhang et al. hypothesize that, if survivin is a significant contributor to the development of hormonal therapy resistance in prostate cancer cells, targetin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The main focus of George's research was centered on the mechanical implications of the thermal and photochemical organic reactions. His studies covered different areas of organometallic chemistry and he worked on electron transfer processes, organic reactions and functional group transformations. Thus he studied the or... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Work analysing gravity currents propagating within a single fluid host was broadened to consider intrusions within sharply stratified fluids by Hoyler & Huppert in 1980. Since then there have been further significant analytical and experimental advancements into understanding specifically particle laden intrusions by r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1-(4-Chlorophenyl)silatrane is an extremely toxic organosilicon compound which was developed by M&T Chemicals as a single-dose rodenticide. It was never registered as rodenticide, except for experimental use. 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)silatrane was one of the chemicals studied in the Project Coast. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An important characteristic of Mono Lake is that it is a closed lake, meaning it has no outflow. Water can only escape the lake if it evaporates or is lost to groundwater. This may cause closed lakes to become very saline. The reconstruction of historical Mono Lake levels through carbon and oxygen isotopes have also re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another method to create nanoparticles is to turn a suitable precursor substance, such as a gas (e.g. methane) or aerosol, into solid particles by combustion or pyrolysis. This is a generalization of the burning of hydrocarbons or other organic vapors to generate soot.
Traditional pyrolysis often results in aggregates ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trichloroacetimidates were first introduced and explored by Schmidt in 1980 and since then have become very popular for glycoside synthesis. The use of trichloroacetimidates provides many advantages including ease of formation, reactivity and stereochemical outcome.
O-Glycosyl trichloroacetimidates are prepared via ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Platinum-195 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (platinum NMR or Pt NMR) is a spectroscopic technique which is used for the detection and characterisation of platinum compounds. The sensitivity of the technique and therefore its diagnostic utility have increased significantly starting from the 1970s, with Pt NMR n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The evolution of photosynthesis refers to the origin and subsequent evolution of photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is used to assemble sugars from carbon dioxide and a hydrogen and electron source such as water. The process of photosynthesis was discovered by Jan Ingenhousz, a Dutch-born British physici... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A microchannel plate (MCP) is used to detect single particles (electrons, ions and neutrons) and photons (ultraviolet radiation and X-rays). It is closely related to an electron multiplier, as both intensify single particles or photons by the multiplication of electrons via secondary emission. Because a microchannel pl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The applications of DNA walkers include nanomedicine, diagnostic sensing of biological samples, nanorobotics and much more. In late 2015, Yehl et al. improved the DNA walker's function by increasing its velocity, and it has been proposed as the basis for a low-cost, low-tech diagnostics machine capable of detecting sin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ATP synthase consists of a F and F subunit. The F subunit contains alpha and beta subunits of its own which can assist in the formation of ATP, or hydrolyze it to serve as a proton pump. Though most catalytic actions happen on the beta subunits, the alpha subunits each contain an arginine finger. The role of the argini... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many chemical compounds are aromatic rings with other functional groups attached. Examples include trinitrotoluene (TNT), acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), paracetamol, and the nucleotides of DNA. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Merrill–Crowe Process is a separation technique for removing gold from the solution obtained by the cyanide leaching of gold ores. It is an improvement of the MacArthur-Forrest process, where an additional vacuum is managed to remove air in the solution (invention of Crowe), and zinc dust is used instead of zinc sh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ceramics are now commonly used in the medical fields as dental and bone implants. Surgical cermets are used regularly. Joint replacements are commonly coated with bioceramic materials to reduce wear and inflammatory response. Other examples of medical uses for bioceramics are in pacemakers, kidney dialysis machines, an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aerobic digestion is typically used in an activated sludge treatment plant. Waste activated sludge and primary sludge are combined, where appropriate, and passed to a thickener where the solids content is increased. This substantially reduces the volume that is required to be treated in the digester. The process is usu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The recent discovery of the reversibility of many reactions catalyzed by inverting glycosyltransferases served as a paradigm shift in the field and raises questions regarding the designation of sugar nucleotides as activated donors. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The DMACA is any of a number of acidified DMACA solutions:
* 0.117 g of DMACA, 39 mL of ethanol, 5 mL of conc hydrochloric acid and diluted to 50mL with water
* 1 g DMACA, 1 mL conc. hydrochloric acid and 99 mL water
* 1 g DMACA in 99 mL conc. hydrochloric acid.
It is primarily used as a histological dye used to detect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gel electrophoresis is a technique which separates molecules by their size using an agarose or polyacrylamide gel. This technique is one of the principal tools of molecular biology. The basic principle is that DNA fragments can be separated by applying an electric current across the gel - because the DNA backbone conta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Original FutureGen project was intended to combine and test several new technologies in a single location, including coal gasification, emissions controls, hydrogen production, electricity generation, and carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS).
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) was the core technology beh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Data analysis methods for chemical imaging data sets typically employ mathematical algorithms common to single point spectroscopy or to image analysis. The reasoning is that the spectrum acquired by each detector is equivalent to a single point spectrum; therefore pre-processing, chemometrics and pattern recognition t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Praseodymium(III) nitride can be prepared by the reaction of nitrogen and metallic praseodymium on heating:
It can also be prepared from the reaction of ammonia and praseodymium metal on heating: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As posited in a "Thioester World", thioesters are possible precursors to life. As Christian de Duve explains:
However, due to the high free energy change of thioester's hydrolysis and correspondingly their low equilibrium constants, it is unlikely that these compounds could have accumulated abiotically to any significa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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