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Candidate gene association study is commonly used in genetic study before the invention of high throughput genotyping or sequencing technologies. Candidate gene association study is to investigate limited number of pre-specified SNPs for association with diseases or clinical phenotypes or traits. So this is a hypothesi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tetrabutyltin is used as an antifouling paint for ships, for the prevention of slimes in industrial recirculating water systems, for combating freshwater snails that cause bilharzia, as a wood and textile preservative, and as a disinfectant. Tricyclohexyltin hydroxide is used as an acaricide. Triphenyltin hydroxide and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*CTSD can degrade insulin in hepatocytes
*CSTB May protect cell from leaking lysosomes
*LAMP1
*LAMP2
*M6PR | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As an azo dye, methyl red may be prepared by diazotization of anthranilic acid, followed by reaction with dimethylaniline: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Combining operando Raman, UV–Vis and ATR-IR is particularly useful for studying homogeneous catalysis in solution. Transition-metal complexes can perform catalytic oxidation reactions on organic molecules; however, much of the corresponding reaction pathways are still unclear. For example, an operando study of the oxid... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The diffusivity of spherical particles in a suspension is approximated by the Stokes–Einstein equation:
: where
* is the temperature
* is the particle radius
* is the Boltzmann constant
* is the hydrogel viscosity
Typical R-PEG hydrogel diffusivities for 2 nm quantum dots are on the order of 10 m/s, so suspensions ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1979, teams at Harvard and Caltech extended the basic idea of making DNA copies of mRNAs in vitro to amplifying a library of such in bacterial plasmids.
In 1982, the idea of selecting random or semi-random clones from such a cDNA library for sequencing was explored by Greg Sutcliffe and coworkers.
In 1983, Putney ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrometallurgy is concerned with processes involving aqueous solutions to extract metals from ores. The first step in the hydrometallurgical process is leaching, which involves dissolution of the valuable metals into the aqueous solution and or a suitable solvent. After the solution is separated from the ore solids, t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
All of V.G. Khlopin's further scientific activity was predetermined by this meeting. In the laboratory founded by Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky, a systematic study of radioactive minerals and rocks was carried out, the search for which in Russia was carried out by expeditions, also organized on his initiative. V. I. Ver... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermonuclear fusion is the process of atomic nuclei combining or "fusing" using high temperatures to drive them close enough together for this to become possible. Such temperatures cause the matter to become a plasma and, if confined, fusion reactions may occur due to collisions with extreme thermal kinetic energies ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wellman and Noble proposed a new formulation for the Blue Bottle experiment in which vitamin C serves as a reducing agent instead of glucose; the methylene blue and oxygen are still used. Copper is added as a catalyst for the reoxidation of leucomethylene blue to methylene blue. These modifications give an experiment t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In electrochemistry, the electrode-electrolyte interface is generally charged. If the electrode is polarizable, then its surface charge depends on the electrode potential.
IUPAC defines the potential at the point of zero charge as the potential of an electrode (against a defined reference electrode) at which one of the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stable isotope ratios of trace metals can be used to answer a variety of questions spanning diverse fields, including oceanography, geochemistry, biology, medicine, anthropology and astronomy. In addition to their modern applications, trace metal isotopic compositions can provide insight into ancient biogeochemical pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lisinopril is typically used for the treatment of high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy and after acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). Lisinopril is part of the ACE inhibitors drug class. Lisinopril is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, adjunctive therapy for heart fai... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electrophoretic light scattering (also known as laser Doppler electrophoresis and phase analysis light scattering ) is based on dynamic light scattering. The frequency shift or phase shift of an incident laser beam depends on the dispersed particles mobility. With dynamic light scattering, Brownian motion causes partic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Breath analysis is a convenient and non-invasive way to detect chemicals in a bodily system such as alcohol content to determine intoxication, monitor the levels of anesthetics in the body during surgical procedures, and identify performance-enhancing substances in the system of athletes. However, conventional techniq... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The magnitude of the Coulomb interaction F between two ions of charge q and Q a distance R apart is given by
directed along the axis between the two ions, where a positive value represents a repulsive force and vice versa.
Trapping techniques include variations on the Paul trap and Penning trap, where the former uses... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term "library" can refer to a population of organisms, each of which carries a DNA molecule inserted into a cloning vector, or alternatively to the collection of all of the cloned vector molecules. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plants secrete a variety of chemicals to help seal off damaged areas. For example, the grape vine Vitis vinifera is able to block the xylem water-transport tubes in its stems using the chemical tylose in summertime, and gels in wintertime when the plant is dormant. Tylose helps to prevent pathogens such as wood-rottin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
eIF3 independently binds the 40S ribosomal subunit, multiple initiation factors, and cellular and viral mRNA.
In mammals, eIF3 is the largest initiation factor, made up of 13 subunits (a-m). It has a molecular weight of ~800 kDa and controls the assembly of the 40S ribosomal subunit on mRNA that have a 5' cap or an IRE... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Dedicated equipment is needed for precise continuous dosing (e.g. pumps), connections, etc.
* Start-up and shut-down procedures have to be established.
* Scale-up of micro effects such as the high area to volume ratio is not possible and economy of scale may not apply. Typically, a scale-up leads to a dedicated plan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to ensure growth of only transformed bacteria (which carry the desired plasmids to be harvested), a marker gene is used in the destination vector for selection. Typical marker genes are for antibiotic resistance or nutrient biosynthesis. So, for example, the "marker gene" could be for resistance to the antibi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Kyriacos Costa Nicolaou (; born July 5, 1946) is a Cypriot-American chemist known for his research in the area of natural products total synthesis. He is currently Harry C. and Olga K. Wiess Professor of Chemistry at Rice University, having previously held academic positions at The Scripps Research Institute/UC San Die... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As described by Smith, the original BCA assay is a two-component protocol. The two reagents are "stable indefinitely at room temperature". Modern (likely exact or highly similar) formulations are available from at least two commercial vendors. The BCA Working solution is generated by mixing Reagent A and Reagent B in a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The synthesis of Malonyl-CoA consists of two half reactions. The first being the carboxylation of biotin with bicarbonate and the second being the transfer of the CO group to acetyl-CoA from carboxybiotin to allow for the formation of malonyl-CoA. Two different protein subassemblies, along with BCCP, are required for t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A purely electronic device which generates a series of pulses, also generates a frequency comb. These are produced for electronic sampling oscilloscopes, but also used for frequency comparison of microwaves, because they reach up to 1 THz. Since they include 0 Hz, they do not need the tricks which make up the rest of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanoparticle drug delivery systems are engineered technologies that use nanoparticles for the targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents. The modern form of a drug delivery system should minimize side-effects and reduce both dosage and dosage frequency. Recently, nanoparticles have aroused attention... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* 2014: Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame honoree
* 2010: CURE award for neuroscience research
* 1987-1989: NIH postdoctoral fellow
* 1981-1983: Fulbright-Hays fellow | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The two main approaches to synthesis of N-H, N-alkyl, and N-aryloxaziridines are oxidation of imines with peracids (A) and amination of carbonyls (B).
Additionally, oxidation of chiral imines and oxidation of imines with chiral peracids may yield enantiopure oxaziridines. Some oxaziridines have the unique property of c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Extracellular matrix protein FRAS1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FRAS1 (Fraser syndrome 1) gene. This gene encodes an extracellular matrix protein that appears to function in the regulation of epidermal-basement membrane adhesion and organogenesis during development. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DESIGN II for Windows is a rigorous process simulator for chemical and hydrocarbon processes including refining, refrigeration, petrochemical, gas processing, gas treating, pipelines, fuel cells, ammonia, methanol and hydrogen facilities. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, acroleinide is a functional group which is composed of a cyclic ketal of a diol with acrolein. In pharmaceutical chemistry, it is present in acrocinonide (triamcinolone acroleinide). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alireza Mashaghi is a physician-scientist and biophysicist at Leiden University. He is known for his contributions to single-molecule analysis of chaperone assisted protein folding, molecular topology and medical systems biophysics and bioengineering. He is a leading advocate for interdisciplinary research and educatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In many substitution reactions, well-defined intermediates are not observed, when the rate of such processes are influenced by the nature of the entering ligand, the pathway is called associative interchange, abbreviated I. Representative is the interchange of bulk and coordinated water in [V(HO)]. In contrast, the sl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Redox reactions can occur slowly, as in the formation of rust, or rapidly, as in the case of burning fuel. Electron transfer reactions are generally fast, occurring within the time of mixing.
The mechanisms of atom-transfer reactions are highly variable because many kinds of atoms can be transferred. Such reactions can... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Electrochemical Society Monograph Series
ECS Monographs provide accounts on specific topics in electrochemistry and solid-state science and technology. Since the 1940s, ECS and publishers have cooperated to publish titles in these fields. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The classical shotgun sequencing was based on the Sanger sequencing method: this was the most advanced technique for sequencing genomes from about 1995–2005. The shotgun strategy is still applied today, however using other sequencing technologies, such as short-read sequencing and long-read sequencing.
Short-read or "n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Conductive anodic filament, also called CAF, is a metallic filament that forms from an electrochemical migration process and is known to cause printed circuit board (PCB) failures. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another reaction that can sometimes occur instead of disproportionation is recombination. During recombination, two radicals form one new non-radical product and one new bond. Similar to disproportionation, the recombination reaction is exothermic and requires little to no activation energy. The ratio of the rates of d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A positive displacement meter may be compared to a bucket and a stopwatch. The stopwatch is started when the flow starts and stopped when the bucket reaches its limit. The volume divided by the time gives the flow rate. For continuous measurements, we need a system of continually filling and emptying buckets to divide ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Burks developed an interest in forensic chemistry when she was 12 after a field trip that presented students with a science interaction challenge, asking students to solve a real-world problem using science. Burks earned her BS in chemistry at the University of Northern Iowa, her MSc in Forensic Science at Nebraska Wes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The advent of displacement chromatography can be attributed to Arne Tiselius, who in 1943 first classified the modes of chromatography as frontal, elution, and displacement. Displacement chromatography found a variety of applications including isolation of transuranic elements and biochemical entities.
The technique wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stereoelectronic effects can have a significant influence in pharmaceutical research. Generally, the substitution of hydrogen by fluorine could be regarded as a way to tune both the hydrophobicity and the metabolic stability of a drug candidate. Moreover, it can have a profound influence on conformations, often due to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This system functions similarly to the branch-chain fatty acid synthesizing system, however it uses short-chain carboxylic acids as primers instead of alpha-keto acids. In general, this method is used by bacteria that do not have the ability to perform the branch-chain fatty acid system using alpha-keto primers. Typica... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In this boundary condition, the model is axisymmetric with respect to the main axis such that at a particular r = R, all θs and each z = Z-slice, each flow variable has the same value. A good example is the flow in a circular pipe where the flow and pipe axes coincide.
<br /> | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In some reactions, protons and hydroxide may directly act as acid and base in term of specific acid and specific base catalysis. But more often groups in substrate and active site act as Brønsted–Lowry acid and base. This is called general acid and general base theory. The easiest way to distinguish between them is to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Possible reactivity at aldehydes include nucleophilic attack and addition of allylmetals. The stereoselectivity of nucleophilic attack at alpha-chiral aldehydes may be described by the Felkin–Anh or polar Felkin Anh models and addition of achiral allylmetals may be described by Cram’s rule. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In bacteria, the initiation of translation occurs when IF-3, along with the 30S ribosomal subunit, bind to the Shine–Dalgarno (SD) sequence of the 5′ UTR. This then recruits many other proteins, such as the 50S ribosomal subunit, which allows for translation to begin. Each of these steps regulates the initiation of tra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In some cases stoichiometric amounts of silver oxide can be used in place of CuI for copper-free Sonogashira couplings. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Women have served widely as pharmacists. However, as with women in many jobs, women in pharmacy have been restricted. For example, only in 1964 was the American Civil Rights Act of 1964 () enacted, which outlawed refusing to hire women because of their sex including though not limited to in the profession of pharmacist... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Grignard reagents serve as a base for non-protic substrates (this scheme does not show workup conditions, which typically includes water). Grignard reagents are basic and react with alcohols, phenols, etc. to give alkoxides (ROMgBr). The phenoxide derivative is susceptible to formylation by paraformaldehyde to give sa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a closed system, no mass may be transferred in or out of the system boundaries. The system always contains the same amount of matter, but (sensible) heat and (boundary) work can be exchanged across the boundary of the system. Whether a system can exchange heat, work, or both is dependent on the property of its bound... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hot black oxide for stainless steel is a mixture of caustic, oxidizing, and sulfur salts. It blackens 300 and 400 series and the precipitation-hardened 17-4 PH stainless steel alloys. The solution can be used on cast iron and mild low-carbon steel. The resulting finish complies with military specification MIL-DTL–13924... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Permeable paving surfaces are made of either a porous material that enables stormwater to flow through it or nonporous blocks spaced so that water can flow between the gaps. Permeable paving can also include a variety of surfacing techniques for roads, parking lots, and pedestrian walkways. Permeable pavement surfaces ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In an inversion through a centre of symmetry, (the element), we imagine taking each point in a molecule and then moving it out the same distance on the other side. In summary, the inversion operation projects each atom through the centre of inversion and out to the same distance on the opposite side. The inversion cen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An other equation is applicable at low values of polarization . In such case, the dependence of current on polarization is usually linear (not logarithmic):
This linear region is called polarization resistance due to its formal similarity to Ohm's law. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermal rearrangements of aromatic hydrocarbons are considered to be unimolecular reactions that directly involve the atoms of an aromatic ring structure and require no other reagent than heat. These reactions can be categorized in two major types: one that involves a complete and permanent skeletal reorganization (iso... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ty5 is one of five endogenous retrotransposons native to the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, all of which target integration to gene poor regions. Endogenous retrotransposons are hypothesized to target gene poor chromosomal targets in order to reduce the chance of inactivating host genes. Ty1-Ty4 integrate up... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At the end of the Medieval Era and into the Post-Medieval Era, new types of crucible designs and processes started. Smelting and melting crucibles types started to become more limited in designs which are produced by a few specialists. The main types used during the Post Medieval period are the Hessian crucibles which ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
International treaties on the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants have been agreed upon by western countries for some time now. Beginning in 1979, European countries convened in order to ratify general principles discussed during the UNECE Convention. The purpose was to combat Long-Range Transboundary Air Po... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Victorium, originally named monium, is a mixture of gadolinium and terbium. In 1898, English chemist William Crookes reported his discovery of it in his inaugural address as president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He identified the new substance, based on an analysis of the unique phosphor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Non-protein phosphorylation has three general forms
* As a regulatory mechanism to control the function of the substrate, similar to the role of protein phosphorylation. Phosphoinositide lipids are important signaling molecules that have a variety of dedicated kinases and phosphatases.
* As an energetic intermediate. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels
* Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels
Polyethylene glycol(PEG) polymers are synthetic materials that can be crosslinked to form hydrogels. PEG hydrogels are not toxic to the body, do not elicit an immune response, and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Admi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After-rust is a form of rust which sometimes develops on a non-ferrous metal surface when that surface has been finished, deburred, or cleaned with a carbon steel brush or steel wool. It is caused by microscopic deposits of the steel which become embedded in the metal surface and which over time begin to oxidize. Thi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Perilipin expression is elevated in obese animals and humans. Polymorphisms in the human perilipin (PLIN) gene have been associated with variance in body-weight regulation and may be a genetic influence on obesity risk in humans.
This protein can be modified by O-linked acetylglucosamine (O-GlNac) moieties and the enzy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In at least one plant, Juglans regia, progesterone has been detected. In addition, progesterone-like steroids are found in Dioscorea mexicana. Dioscorea mexicana is a plant that is part of the yam family native to Mexico. It contains a steroid called diosgenin that is taken from the plant and is converted into progeste... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When orthoboric acid is dissolved in water, it partially dissociates to give metaboric acid:
The solution is mildly acidic due to ionization of the acids:
However, Raman spectroscopy of strongly alkaline solutions has shown the presence of ions, leading some to conclude that the acidity is exclusively due to the abstr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
From the description of the beginning of the fission process to the "scission point," it is apparent that the change of the shape of the nucleus is associated with a change of energy of some kind. In fact, it is the change of two types of energies: (1) the macroscopic energy related to the nuclear bulk properties as gi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Digestion is a complex process controlled by several factors. pH plays a crucial role in a normally functioning digestive tract. In the mouth, pharynx and esophagus, pH is typically about 6.8, very weakly acidic. Saliva controls pH in this region of the digestive tract. Salivary amylase is contained in saliva and start... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A transcription bubble is a molecular structure formed during DNA transcription when a limited portion of the DNA double helix is unwound. The size of a transcription bubble ranges from 12 to 14 base pairs. A transcription bubble is formed when the RNA polymerase enzyme binds to a promoter and causes two DNA strands to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tripartite motif-containing 24 (TRIM24) also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1α (TIF1α) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TRIM24 gene. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dysfunctional or altered levels of carbaminohemoglobin do not generally cause disease or disorders. Carbaminohemoglobin is a part of the carbon dioxide transport process in the body. The levels of this protein can decrease and increase based on factors that regulate the protein in the body.
A way that carbaminohemoglo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stars that burn hydrogen are called main sequence (MS) stars - these are by far the most common objects in the night sky. When the hydrogen fuel is exhausted and temperatures begin to fall, the object undergoes various transformations
and a white dwarf star is eventually born, the ember of the expired MS star. Temperat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is a ductile iron pipe with cement lining on the inside surface, and is commonly used for water distribution.
Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is governed by standards set forth by DIPRA (Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association), and was first used in 1922 in Charleston, South ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Creeks have been closed to facilitate the creation of agricultural land and provide protection against floods in Bangladesh for many years. The combination of safeguarding against flooding, the need for agricultural land, and the availability of irrigation water served as the driving forces behind these initiatives. Pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines (epinephrine, and norepinephrine). It is produced via intermediary metabolites. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many materials are able to be sprayed as coatings using the D-gun. These materials used for the feedstock are powders of metals, alloys and cermets; as well as their oxides. However, mainly high-tech coatings are used, these include ceramics, and complex composites. Characteristics such as strength, hardness, shrink, c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The correct structure of heme C was published in mid 20th century by the Swedish biochemist K.-G. Paul. This work confirmed the structure first inferred by the great Swedish biochemist Hugo Theorell. The structure of heme C, based upon NMR and IR experiments of the reduced Fe(II) form of the heme, was confirmed in 197... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radionuclides that find their way into the environment may cause harmful effects as radioactive contamination. They can also cause damage if they are excessively used during treatment or in other ways exposed to living beings, by radiation poisoning. Potential health damage from exposure to radionuclides depends on a n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Conditions for hydroformylation catalysis can induce degradation of supporting organophosphorus ligands. Triphenylphosphine is subject to hydrogenolysis, releasing benzene and diphenylphosphine. The insertion of carbon monoxide in an intermediate metal-phenyl bond can lead to the formation of benzaldehyde or by subsequ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cataclasis, or comminution, is a non-elastic brittle mechanism that operates under low to moderate homologous temperatures, low confining pressure and relatively high strain rates. It occurs only above a certain differential stress level, which is dependent on fluid pressure and temperature. Cataclasis accommodates the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
__FORCETOC__
Formamide-based prebiotic chemistry is a reconstruction of the beginnings of life on Earth, assuming that formamide could accumulate in sufficiently high amounts to serve as the building block and reaction medium for the synthesis of the first biogenic molecules.
Formamide (NHCHO), the simplest naturally o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of the magnitude and severity of the problems with chemical shift referencing in biomolecular NMR, a number of computer programs have been developed to help mitigate the problem (see Table 1 for a summary). The first program to comprehensively tackle chemical shift mis-referencing in biomolecular NMR was SHIFTC... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3PG, 3-PGA, or PGA) is the conjugate acid of 3-phosphoglycerate or glycerate 3-phosphate (GP or G3P). This glycerate is a biochemically significant metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin-Benson cycle. The anion is often termed as PGA when referring to the Calvin-Benson cycle. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Used nuclear fuel is a complex mixture of the fission products, uranium, plutonium, and the transplutonium metals. In fuel which has been used at high temperature in power reactors it is common for the fuel to be heterogeneous; often the fuel will contain nanoparticles of platinum group metals such as palladium. Also t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Detergents are classified into four broad groupings, depending on the electrical charge of the surfactants. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Formulation studies involve developing a preparation of the drug which is both stable and acceptable to the patients. For orally administered drugs, this usually involves incorporating the drug into a tablet or a capsule. It is important to make the distinction that a tablet contains a variety of other potentially iner... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The second chapter of the Vaisheshika Sutras presents five substances (earth, air, water, fire, space) each with a distinct quality. Kanada argues that all except "air and space" is verifiable by perception, while existence of invisible air is established by inference (air blows, and that there must be a substance that... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NRIP1 has been shown to interact with:
* AHR,
* CTBP1
* CTBP2,
* DAX1,
* HDAC5,
* NR1B1,
* NR2B1,
* NR3A1,
* NR3C1,
* NR5A1, and
* YWHAQ. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The equation has been, and remains very useful because:
* Its coefficient of thermal expansion, has a simple analytic expression [this is also true of its isothermal compressibility, ]
* it explains the existence of the critical point and the liquid–vapor phase transition including the observed metastable states
* i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, anti-periplanar, or antiperiplanar, describes the bond angle in a molecule. In this conformer, the dihedral angle of the bond and the bond is greater than +150° or less than −150° (Figures 1 and ). Anti-periplanar is often used in textbooks to mean strictly anti-coplanar, with an dihedral ang... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Marion B. Sewer Distinguished Scholarship for Undergraduates
* Promoting Research Opportunities for Latin American Biochemists
* ASBMB Science Fair Award | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For individuals not previously exposed to OC effects, the general feelings after being sprayed can be best likened to being "set alight". The initial reaction, should the spray be directed at the face, is the involuntary closing of the eyes, an instant sensation of the restriction of the airways and the general feeling... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Dragomir Vitorović, Snežana Bojović, Živorad Čeković: “Vukić M. Mićović 1896-1981, life and work", Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, 1996, 142 pages. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Victoria, Australia, at the Brunswick brickworks, there are two surviving kilns converted to residences, and a chimney from a third kiln; there is another in Box Hill, Victoria; also in Melbourne.
In Adelaide, South Australia, the last remaining Hoffman kiln in the state is in at the old Hallett Brickworks site in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the field of paleochemotaxonomy the presence of biogenic substances in geological sediments is useful for comparing old and modern biological samples and species. These biological markers can be used to verify the biological origin of fossils and serve as paleo-ecological markers. For example, the presence of prista... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DBTSS, the DataBase of Transcriptional Start Sites, is a database hosted by the Human Genome Center at the University of Tokyo. It contains the exact positions of transcriptional start sites in the genomes of various organisms. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule-1 (Caecam1) is an immunoglobulin-like co-receptor that aids in cell adhesion in epithelial, endothelial and hematopoietic cells, and plays a vital role during vascularization and angiogenesis by binding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Angiogenesis is important ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Depending on the regime under investigation, different approaches can be used to model the dispersed gas phase. The simplest is to use a fixed bubble size distribution. This approximation is suitable to simulate the homogeneous flow regime, where the interactions between the bubbles are negligible. In addition, this ap... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the chemistry of electrolyte solutions, an ideal solution is a solution whose colligative properties are proportional to the concentration of the solute. Real solutions may show departures from this kind of ideality. In order to accommodate these effects in the thermodynamics of solutions, the concept of activity wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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