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A 2014 paper described how Mapp and its collaborators, including investigators at Public Health Agency of Canada, Kentucky BioProcessing, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, first chimerized the three antibodies comprising ZMAb, then tested combinations of MB-003 and the chimeric ZMAb antibod... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
; General
* Aitchison, Leslie. 1960. A History of Metals. London: Macdonald & Evans Ltd.
* Bayley, Justine; Butcher, Sarnia. 2004. Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection. London: The Society of Antiquaries of London.
* Craddock, Paul T. 1995. Early M... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since laser diffraction analysis is not the sole way of measuring particles it has been compared to the sieve-pipette method, which is a traditional technique for grain size analysis. When compared, results showed that laser diffraction analysis made fast calculations that were easy to recreate after a one-time analysi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemical decomposition, or chemical breakdown, is the process or effect of simplifying a single chemical entity (normal molecule, reaction intermediate, etc.) into two or more fragments. Chemical decomposition is usually regarded and defined as the exact opposite of chemical synthesis. In short, the chemical reaction i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hard metal cations, as classified by HSAB theory, tend to form N-bonded complexes (isothiocyanates), whereas class B or soft metal cations tend to form S-bonded thiocyanate complexes. For the isothiocyanates, the M-N-C angle is usually close to 180°. For the thiocyanates, the M-S-C angle is usually close to 100°. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mechanism of phenoxymethylpenicillin is identical to that of all other penicillins. It exerts a bactericidal action against penicillin-sensitive microorganisms during the stage of active multiplication. It acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of cell-wall peptidoglycan. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Examples of selectable markers include:
*Beta-lactamase which confers ampicillin resistance to bacterial hosts.
*Neo gene from Tn5, which confers resistance to kanamycin in bacteria and geneticin in eukaryotic cells
*Mutant FabI gene (mFabI) from E. coli genome, which confers triclosan resistance to the host.
*URA3, an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Human cells require iron in order to obtain energy as ATP from a multi-step process known as cellular respiration, more specifically from oxidative phosphorylation at the mitochondrial cristae. Iron is present in the iron–sulfur cluster and heme groups of the electron transport chain proteins that generate a proton gra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The BioWatch program is funded and supervised by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The BioWatch program has three main components: sampling, analysis, and response. Each of these components is handled by three different agencies. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) handles the sampling component: the sen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PetroSA, another South African company, operates a refinery with a 36,000 barrels a day plant that completed semi-commercial demonstration in 2011, paving the way to begin commercial preparation. The technology can be used to convert natural gas, biomass or coal into synthetic fuels. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pockels used her sliding trough to evaluate the effect of small amounts of impurities on water. These impurities were typically household substances such as oils and soaps. With her apparatus, she measured the surface tension as the amount of force required to remove the disk from the surface of the water. Pockels foun... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Heat conduction in a Newtonian context is modelled by the Fourier equation, namely a parabolic partial differential equation of the kind:
where θ is temperature, t is time, α = k/(ρ c) is thermal diffusivity, k is thermal conductivity, ρ is density, and c is specific heat capacity. The Laplace ope... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Materials may be used to control and manipulate light via a variety of mechanisms to produce useful effects involving color. For instance, a change of orientation of molecules to produce a visual effect as in liquid crystal displays. Other materials operate by producing a physical effect, by interference and diffractio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Willard's research interests focused on analytical chemistry and quantitative analysis of inorganic substances. With student G. Frederick Smith, he was particularly productive in studying perchloric acid and periodic acid salts. In addition, he is credited with important work in determining precise atomic weights of ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The process takes advantage of aerobic micro-organisms that can digest organic matter in sewage, and clump together by flocculation entrapping fine particulate matter as they do so. It thereby produces a liquid that is relatively free from suspended solids and organic material, and flocculated particles that will readi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prigogine's theorem is a theorem of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, originally formulated by Ilya Prigogine.
The formulation of Prigogine's theorem is:
According to this theorem, the stationary state of a linear non-equilibrium system (under conditions that prevent the achievement of an equilibrium state) corresponds t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rutherford received significant recognition in his home country of New Zealand. In 1901, he earned a DSc from the University of New Zealand. In 1916, he was awarded the Hector Memorial Medal. In 1925, Rutherford called for the New Zealand Government to support education and research, which led to the formation of the D... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reaction can be under kinetic or thermodynamic control depending on the exact reaction conditions, catalyst, and substrate. Common rings, 5- through 7-membered cycloalkenes, have a high tendency for formation and are often under greater thermodynamic control due to the enthalpic favorability of the cyclic products,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sewage can be treated close to where the sewage is created, which may be called a decentralized system or even an on-site system (on-site sewage facility, septic tanks, etc.). Alternatively, sewage can be collected and transported by a network of pipes and pump stations to a municipal treatment plant. This is called a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrode potential appears at the interface between an electrode and electrolyte due to the transfer of charged species across the interface, specific adsorption of ions at the interface, and specific adsorption/orientation of polar molecules, including those of the solvent.
In an electrochemical cell, the cathode and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9110413 "Radioactivity"], Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. December 18, 2006
* Radio-activity by Ernest Rutherford Phd, Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ernst Otto Fischer (; 10 November 1918 – 23 July 2007) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize for pioneering work in the area of organometallic chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mayers reagent is an alkaloidal precipitating reagent used for the detection of alkaloids in natural products. Mayers reagent is freshly prepared by dissolving a mixture of mercuric chloride (1.36 g) and of potassium iodide (5.00 g) in water (100.0 ml). Most alkaloids are precipitated from neutral or slightly acidic so... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Boyles law was perhaps the first expression of an equation of state. In 1662 Robert Boyle performed a series of experiments employing a J-shaped glass tube, which was sealed on one end. Mercury was added to the tube, trapping a fixed quantity of air in the short, sealed end of the tube. Then the volume of gas was caref... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In polymer chemistry, a random coil is a conformation of polymers where the monomer subunits are oriented randomly while still being bonded to adjacent units. It is not one specific shape, but a statistical distribution of shapes for all the chains in a population of macromolecules. The conformation's name is derived f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first approach of bioprinting is called biomimicry. The main goal of this approach is to create fabricated structures that are identical to the natural structure that are found in the tissues and organs in the human body. Biomimicry requires duplication of the shape, framework, and the microenvironment of the organ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, hemoglobin can be saturated with oxygen molecules (oxyhemoglobin), or desaturated with oxygen molecules (deoxyhemoglobin). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organometallic chemistry, alpha elimination refers to reactions of this type (other spectator ligands omitted):
:X-M-CHR → M=CHR + HX
Well studied case are found in organotantalum chemistry leading to an alkylidene derivatives. Specifically, tetraalkyl-monochloro-tantalum complex undergoes α-hydrogen eliminatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 17th century, copper miners in Saxony, Germany, began to experience irritation caused by a "dark red ore". Since the substance, which would later be called nickel, led to many ailments, they believed it to be protected by "goblins", and called it "Goblin's Copper". Josef Jadassohn described the first case of met... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
During a hydroelectric plant project, in the southern foothills of the Central Highlands, Samanalawewa, in Sri Lanka, a wind-driven furnace was found in an excavation site. Such furnaces were powered by the monsoon winds and have been dated to 300 BC using radiocarbon-dating techniques. These ancient Lankan furnaces mi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The 3-D particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) belongs to the class of whole-field velocimetry techniques used in the study of turbulent flows, allowing the determination of instantaneous velocity and vorticity distributions over two or three spatial dimensions. 3-D PTV yields a time series of instantaneous 3-component ve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first genes discovered in a mutagenesis screen for mutants unable to produce rhamnolipids were rhlA and rhlB. They are arranged in an operon, adjacent to rhlRI, a master regulator of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The proteins encoded by rhlA and rhlB; RhlA and RhlB respectively, are expected to form a c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Detention basins are storm water best management practices that provide general flood protection and can also control extreme floods such as a 1 in 100-year storm event. The basins are typically built during the construction of new land development projects including residential subdivisions or shopping centers. The po... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase consists of 491 amino acids, which on folding forms 23 alpha helices and 26 beta sheets. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS) is a spectroscopic technique which measures the difference in reflectance of two beams of light that are shone in normal incident on a surface with different linear polarizations. It is also known as reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS).
It is calculated as:
and are the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Systems pharmacology is the application of systems biology principles to the field of pharmacology. It seeks to understand how drugs affect the human body as a single complex biological system.
Instead of considering the effect of a drug to be the result of one specific drug-protein interaction, systems pharmacology c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although CoQ has been used to treat purported muscle-related side effects of statin medications, a 2015 meta-analysis found that CoQ had no effect on statin myopathy. A 2018 meta-analysis concluded that there was preliminary evidence for oral CoQ reducing statin-associated muscle symptoms, including muscle pain, muscle... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The decrease in the Racah parameter B indicates that in a complex there is less repulsion between the two electrons in a given doubly occupied metal d-orbital than there is in the respective M gaseous metal ion, which in turn implies that the size of the orbital is larger in the complex. This electron cloud expansion e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In surface science, an instrument called a contact angle goniometer or tensiometer measures the static contact angle, advancing and receding contact angles, and sometimes surface tension. The first contact angle goniometer was designed by William Zisman of the United States Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. Viscosity is defined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area. Thus its SI units are ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbocations are formed in two major alkene addition reactions. In an HX addition reaction, the pi bond of an alkene acts as a nucleophile and bonds with the proton of an HX molecule, where the X is a halogen atom. This forms a carbocation intermediate, and the X then bonds to the positive carbon that is available, as ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An external water spray system (EWSS) is a domestic external fire sprinkler system designed to protect homes from bushfires and wildfires. While external spray systems have long been used in fire protection for buildings and facilities, EWSS refers to domestic bushfire/wildfire systems. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A spot assay or spot test can also refer to a specific test in microbiology. This test is often used to check the growth rate of bacterial or yeast cells on different media or to perform serial dilution tests of micro-organisms. Usually a 96-pinner (often called frogger) is used to perform these spot assay.
Another app... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Steroid 11β-hydroxylase, also known as steroid 11β-monooxygenase, is a steroid hydroxylase found in the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. Named officially the cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial, it is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP11B1 gene. The enzyme is involved in the bios... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bay mud consists of thick deposits of soft, unconsolidated silty clay, which is saturated with water; these soil layers are situated at the bottom of certain estuaries, which are normally in temperate regions that have experienced cyclical glacial cycles.
Example locations are Cape Cod Bay, Chongming Dongtan Reserve ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another example of a demethylase is protein-glutamate methylesterase, also known as CheB protein (EC 3.1.1.61), which demethylates MCPs (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins) through hydrolysis of carboxylic ester bonds. The association of a chemotaxis receptor with an agonist leads to the phosphorylation of CheB. Pho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Allison Hubel is an American mechanical engineer and cryobiologist who applies her expertise in heat transfer to study the cryopreservation of biological tissue. She is a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Minnesota, where she directs the Biopreservation Core Resource and the Technological Leaders... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ideal gas law can also be derived from first principles using the kinetic theory of gases, in which several simplifying assumptions are made, chief among which are that the molecules, or atoms, of the gas are point masses, possessing mass but no significant volume, and undergo only elastic collisions with each othe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fred Hoyle (1915-2001), a prominent astronomer at the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge, is most well known for his theory of how chemical elements heavier than helium in our universe are manufactured within stars. However, he is also remembered for his scientifically plausible fiction novels, the first of which “Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, episulfides are a class of organic compounds that contain a saturated, heterocyclic ring consisting of two carbon atoms and one sulfur atom. It is the sulfur analogue of an epoxide or aziridine. They are also known as thiiranes, olefin sulfides, thioalkylene oxides, and thiacyclopropanes. Episulfi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The Career Achievement Award is aimed towards a recognition of individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the field of TERM and have carried out most of their career in the TERMIS-EU geographical area.
* The Mid Terms Career Award has been established in 2020 to recognize individuals that are within 10–2... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Depletion gilding is a method for producing a layer of nearly pure gold on an object made of gold alloy by removing the other metals from its surface. It is sometimes referred to as a "surface enrichment" process. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The exact mechanism for the reduction is unknown, although there are two hypothesized pathways. The first pathway is the transferral of electrons from one electron reduced ETF one at a time to the lower potential FAD center. One electron is transferred from the reduced FAD to the iron cluster, resulting in a two electr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Algae has shown selectivity for strontium in studies, where most plants used in bioremediation have not shown selectivity between calcium and strontium, often becoming saturated with calcium, which is greater in quantity and also present in nuclear waste.
Researchers have looked at the bioaccumulation of strontium by S... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ever since the discovery that monoclonal antibodies could be generated, scientists have targeted the creation of fully human products to reduce the side effects of humanised or chimeric antibodies. Several successful approaches have been proposed: transgenic mice, phage display and single B cell cloning. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carboranes (or carbaboranes) are electron-delocalized (non-classically bonded) clusters composed of boron, carbon and hydrogen atoms. Like many of the related boron hydrides, these clusters are polyhedra or fragments of polyhedra. Carboranes are one class of heteroboranes.
In terms of scope, carboranes can have as few ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lead-zinc deposits are generally accompanied by silver, hosted within the lead sulfide mineral galena or within the zinc sulfide mineral sphalerite.
Lead and zinc deposits are formed by discharge of deep sedimentary brine onto the sea floor (termed sedimentary exhalative or SEDEX), or by replacement of limestone, in sk... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The sea hare A californica is a model organism in neurobiology to study among others the molecular mechanisms of long-term memory. To study interactions, important in neurology, in a more native environment a two-hybrid system has been developed in A californica neurons. A GAL4 AD and BD are used in this system. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanoparticles used as carriers for nucleic acids are mostly iron oxides. These iron oxides can be generated by precipitation from acidic iron-salt solutions upon addition of appropriate bases. The magnetic nanoparticles have an approximate size of 100 nm and are additionally coated with biological polymers to allow loa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Goldman, Steven J., Jackson, Katharine & Bursztynsky, Taras A. Erosion & Sediment Control Handbook McGraw-Hill (1986) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ChemSeer project, funded by the National Science Foundation, is a public integrated digital library, database, and search engine for scientific papers in chemistry. It is being developed by a multidisciplinary team of researchers at the Pennsylvania State University. ChemSeer was conceived by Dr. Prasenjit Mitra, Dr. L... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The sample mass and size distribution requirements are dictated by the kind of mathematical model that will be used to simulate the process plant, and the test work required to provide the appropriate model parameters. Flotation testing usually requires several kg of sample and grinding/hardness testing can required b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The certification of isotopic reference materials is relatively complex. Like most aspects of reporting isotopic compositions it reflects a combination of historical artifacts and modern institutions. As a result, the details surrounding the certification of isotopic reference materials varies by element and chemical c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Total synthesis is the complete chemical synthesis of a complex molecule, often a natural product, from simple, commercially-available precursors. It usually refers to a process not involving the aid of biological processes, which distinguishes it from semisynthesis. Syntheses may sometimes conclude at a precursor wit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While Lavoisier is commonly known for his contributions to the sciences, he also dedicated a significant portion of his fortune and work toward benefitting the public. Lavoisier was a humanitarian—he cared deeply about the people in his country and often concerned himself with improving the livelihood of the population... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1943, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on “Obtaining Hexamethylenetetramine (urotropine) from Natural Gas”. In 1945, the Synthesis of Additives Laboratory was organized in Azerbaijan Scientific-Research Institute of Oil-Processing. Guliyev headed this laboratory. As a result of experiments by him and his team, lubricati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Halogenation of saturated hydrocarbons is a substitution reaction. The reaction typically requires free radical pathways. The regiochemistry of the halogenation of alkanes is largely determined by the relative weakness of the C–H bonds. This trend is reflected by the faster reaction at tertiary and secondary positions.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recent advance in LFV made it possible for metering flow velocity of media which has very low electroconductivity, particularly by varying parameters as well as using some state-of-art force measurement devices enable to measure flow velocity of electrolyte solutions with conductivity that is 10 times smaller than that... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protocols for conducting biosurveys of water resources have been published by state government agencies and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Agencies use these protocols to implement the Clean Water Act. Similar protocols have been published by volunteer organizations. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The behavior of fluids and their control in open microchannels was pioneered around 2005 and applied in air-to-liquid sample collection and chromatography. In open microfluidics, at least one boundary of the system is removed, exposing the fluid to air or another interface (i.e. liquid). Advantages of open microfluidic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Natural sources of iodine include many marine organisms, such as kelp and certain seafood products, as well as plants grown on iodine-rich soil. Iodized salt is fortified with iodine. According to a Food Fortification Initiative 2016 report, 130 countries have mandatory iodine fortification of salt and an additional 10... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Laser schlieren deflectometry (LSD) is a method for a high-speed measurement of the gas temperature in microscopic dimensions, in particular for temperature peaks under dynamic conditions at atmospheric pressure. The principle of LSD is derived from schlieren photography: a narrow laser beam is used to scan an area in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Ionizing radiations such as X-rays, gamma rays and alpha particles cause DNA breakage and other damages. The most common lab sources include cobalt-60 and cesium-137.
* Ultraviolet radiations with wavelength above 260 nm are absorbed strongly by bases, producing pyrimidine dimers, which can cause error in replication... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molecular motors are natural (biological) or artificial molecular machines that are the essential agents of movement in living organisms. In general terms, a motor is a device that consumes energy in one form and converts it into motion or mechanical work; for example, many protein-based molecular motors harness the ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
High photon intensity experiments can involve multiphoton processes with the absorption of integer multiples of the photon energy. In experiments that involve a multiphoton resonance, the intermediate is often a Rydberg state, and the final state is often an ion. The initial state of the system, photon energy, angular ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The diffuse series limit is the same as the sharp series limit. In the late 1800s these two were termed supplementary series.
Spectral lines of the diffuse series are split into three lines in what is called fine structure. These lines cause the overall line to look diffuse. The reason this happens is that both the P ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In vertebrates, vigorously contracting skeletal muscles (during weightlifting or sprinting, for example) do not receive enough oxygen to meet the energy demand, and so they shift to anaerobic metabolism, converting glucose to lactate.
The combination of glucose from noncarbohydrates origin, such as fat and proteins. Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are the most common and abundant polyatomic molecules in the observable universe, and are a major store of carbon. They seem to have formed shortly after the Big Bang, and are associated with new stars and exoplanets. They are a likely constituent of Earth's primordial sea. PAHs h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DRESS/SJS/TEN (severe DHR) and HLA-linked DHR are p-i. Initially it was thought that p-i reactions were the exception while the hapten mechanism represented the main cause of systemic T cell mediated DHR. Conversely it seems to be the opposite as p-i appears to be the main mechanism in T cell mediated DHR: Whenever the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Free convection is caused by a change in density of a fluid due to a temperature change or gradient. Usually the density decreases due to an increase in temperature and causes the fluid to rise. This motion is caused by the buoyancy force. The major force that resists the motion is the viscous force. The Grashof number... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The target vector is linearized and cut with a blunt-end restriction enzyme. This vector is then tailed with dideoxythymidine triphosphate (ddTTP) using terminal transferase. It is important to use ddTTP to ensure the addition of only one T residue. This tailing leaves the vector with a single 3'-overhanging thymine re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biocatalysis underpins some of the oldest chemical transformations known to humans, for brewing predates recorded history. The oldest records of brewing are about 6000 years old and refer to the Sumerians.
The employment of enzymes and whole cells have been important for many industries for centuries. The most obvious ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carboxypeptidase E is found in brain and throughout the neuroendocrine system, including the endocrine pancreas, pituitary, and adrenal gland chromaffin cells. Within cells, carboxypeptidase E is present in the secretory granules along with its peptide substrates and products. Carboxypeptidase E is a glycoprotein that... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
eIF1 and eIF1A both bind to the 40S ribosome subunit-mRNA complex. Together they induce an "open" conformation of the mRNA binding channel, which is crucial for scanning, tRNA delivery, and start codon recognition. In particular, eIF1 dissociation from the 40S subunit is considered to be a key step in start codon recog... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because of the double-stranded nature of DNA, essentially all of the nucleotides take the form of Watson–Crick base pairs between nucleotides on the two complementary strands of the double helix.
In contrast, both RNA and proteins are normally single-stranded. Therefore, they are not constrained by the regular geometry... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of the large quantity of data produced by these techniques and the desire to find biologically meaningful patterns, bioinformatics is crucial to analysis of functional genomics data. Examples of techniques in this class are data clustering or principal component analysis for unsupervised machine learning (class... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wells studied at The Queens College, University of Oxford and obtained his BA and MA in 1934 and 1937, respectively. He then moved to University of Cambridge, where he obtained his PhD in X-ray crystallography in 1939, under the supervision of J. D. Bernal. His PhD thesis was titled The Crystal Structures of Certain Co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Perilipin is part of a gene family with six currently-known members. In vertebrates, closely related genes include adipophilin (also known as adipose differentiation-related protein or Perilipin 2), TIP47 (Perilipin 3), Perilipin 4 and Perilipin 5 (also called MLDP, LSDP5, or OXPAT). Insects express related proteins, L... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The simplest gas centrifuge is the concurrent centrifuge, where separative effect is produced by the centrifugal effects of the rotor's rotation. In these centrifuges, the heavy fraction is collected at the periphery of the rotor, and the light fraction from nearer the axis of rotation.
Inducing a countercurrent flow u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a nuclear process used for determining the concentrations of elements in many materials. NAA allows discrete sampling of elements as it disregards the chemical form of a sample, and focuses solely on atomic nuclei. The method is based on neutron activation and thus requires a neutro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio or C:N ratio) is a ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in organic residues. It can, amongst other things, be used in analysing sediments and soil including soil organic matter and soil amendments such as compost. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He is credited with writing the following episodes:
*"How Hermes Requisitioned His Groove Back" (2000)
*"A Tale of Two Santas" (2001)
*"Insane in the Mainframe" (2001)
*"Kif Gets Knocked Up a Notch" (2003)
*"The Farnsworth Parabox" (2003) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nuclear fuel is material used in nuclear power stations to produce heat to power turbines. Heat is created when nuclear fuel undergoes nuclear fission.
Most nuclear fuels contain heavy fissile actinide elements that are capable of undergoing and sustaining nuclear fission. The three most relevant fissile isotopes are u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Smith was born on September 25, 1916, in Long Beach, California, and he grew up in Long Beach and Fontana, California. He attended Pomona College, graduating in 1938, and was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa honors society. While as a student at Pomona, Smith authored two papers with his chemistry professor, Wesley G. Le... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sensor-based ore sorting is in comparison to other coarse particle separation technologies relatively cheap. While the costs for the equipment itself are relatively high in capital expenditure and operating costs, the absence of extensive infrastructure in a system results in operating costs that are to be compared to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Formate is produced by the cleavage of pyruvate. This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme pyruvate-formate lyase (PFL), which plays an important role in regulating anaerobic fermentation in E. coli.
pyruvate + CoA → acetyl-CoA + formate | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Single-cell proteins (SCP) or microbial proteins refer to edible unicellular microorganisms. The biomass or protein extract from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeasts, fungi or bacteria may be used as an ingredient or a substitute for protein-rich foods, and is suitable for human consumption or as animal feeds. Indus... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Using either Pd–Cu or Cu catalysts Yang et al. reported the first example of decarboxylative C–P cross-coupling. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Geoksyur Oasis, located in the foothills of the Kopetdag, to the east of Altyndepe, is in the center of a cluster of tepes in the desert region on the northern Iranian border. It extends over an area of 12 ha. It is to the east of the city of Tedzhen. Even though in the Aneolithic Period (4th – early 3rd century BC), ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wootz steel, also known as Seric steel, is a crucible steel characterized by a pattern of bands and high carbon content. These bands are formed by sheets of microscopic carbides within a tempered martensite or pearlite matrix in higher-carbon steel, or by ferrite and pearlite banding in lower-carbon steels. It was a pi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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