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Examination of this reaction's mechanism suggests that the formation of the silonate is all that is needed to activate addition of the organosilane to the palladium center. The presence of a pentavalent silicon is not needed and kinetic analysis has shown that this reaction has first order dependence on silonate concen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry is named after Lord Rutherford, a physicist sometimes referred to as the father of nuclear physics. Rutherford supervised a series of experiments carried out by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden between 1909 and 1914 studying the scattering of alpha particles through metal foils. W... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, we can use the either Rb or Cs alkali metal atoms with inert nitrogen gas. However, we are using Cs atoms with nitrogen to make the spin exchange with Xe for number of advantages:
* Cs has natural perfect abundance while rubidium has two (Rb and Rb) isotopes. Abstraction of one isotope separately from these... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rosocyanine is a dark green solid with a glossy, metallic shine that forms red colored solutions. It is almost insoluble in water and some organic solvents, very slightly soluble (up to 0.01%) in ethanol, and somewhat soluble (approximately 1%) in pyridine, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid. An alcoholic solution of rosoc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dissolution of an organic solid can be described as an equilibrium between the substance in its solid and dissolved forms. For example, when sucrose (table sugar) forms a saturated solution
An equilibrium expression for this reaction can be written, as for any chemical reaction (products over reactants):
where K</sup> ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electroviscous effects, in chemistry of colloids and surface chemistry, according to an IUPAC definition, are the effects of the particle surface charge on viscosity of a fluid.
Viscoelectric is an effect by which an electric field near a charged interface influences the structure of the surrounding fluid and affects t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many of the simplest Z-ligands are simple Lewis acids with electron-deficient center atoms such as BX, BH, BR, AlX, etc. While these molecules typically have trigonal planar geometry, when bonded to a metal center, they become tetrahedral.
This geometry change can be stabilized by the addition of an L-ligand on the met... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Discodermolide competes with paclitaxel for microtubule binding, but with higher affinity and is also effective in paclitaxel- and in epothilone-resistant cancer cells. Discodermolide also seems to demonstrate a remarkably consistent 3D molecular conformation in the solid-state, in solution and when bound to tubulin; m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Weder’s early research activities in the 1990s focused on polymers with special optical properties. This involved the development of nonlinear optical polymers and investigations of the structure-property relationships of photoluminescent poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)s. He demonstrated the usefulness of these semiconduc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The history of the mole is intertwined with that of units of molecular mass, and the Avogadro constant.
The first table of standard atomic weight was published by John Dalton (1766–1844) in 1805, based on a system in which the relative atomic mass of hydrogen was defined as 1. These relative atomic masses were based on... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chlorprothixene has a strong sedative activity with a high incidence of anticholinergic side effects. The types of side effects encountered (dry mouth, massive hypotension and tachycardia, hyperhidrosis, substantial weight gain etc.) normally do not allow a full effective dose for the remission of psychotic disorders t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thiolates are relatively basic ligands, being derived from conjugate acids with pK's of 6.5 (thiophenol) to 10.5 (butanethiol). Consequently, thiolate ligand often bridge pairs of metals. One example is Fe(SCH)(CO). Thiolate ligands, especially when nonbridging, are susceptible to attack by electrophiles including a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Chandrasekhar number is a dimensionless quantity used in magnetic convection to represent ratio of the Lorentz force to the viscosity. It is named after the Indian astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.
The number's main function is as a measure of the magnetic field, being proportional to the square of a chara... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, HILIC) is a variant of normal phase liquid chromatography that partly overlaps with other chromatographic applications such as ion chromatography and reversed phase liquid chromatography. HILIC uses hydrophilic stationary phases... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chitin is a good inducer of plant defense mechanisms for controlling diseases. It has potential for use as a soil fertilizer or conditioner to improve fertility and plant resilience that may enhance crop yields. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The society's headquarters is in Belgrave Square, London. There are semi-independent branches in the United States, Canada and Australia. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The solubility product for the hydroxide of a metal ion, M, is usually defined, as follows:
However, general-purpose computer programs are designed to use hydrogen ion concentrations with the alternative definitions.
For hydroxides, solubility products are often given in a modified form, K*, using hydrogen ion concent... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In piping and plumbing, a coupling (or coupler) is a very short length of pipe or tube, with a socket at one or both ends that allows two pipes or tubes to be joined, welded (steel), brazed or soldered (copper, brass etc.) together.
Alternatively, it is a short length of pipe with two female National pipe threads (NPT)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Not all scholars of animal communication accept the interpretation of alarm signals in monkeys as having semantic properties or transmitting "information". Prominent spokespersons for this opposing view are Michael Owren and Drew Rendall, whose work on this topic has been widely cited and debated. The alternative to th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inhaled anesthetics inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and potentiate neuromuscular blockage with nondepolarising NMBAs. It depends on the type of volatile anesthetic (desflurane > sevoflurane > isoflurane > nitrous oxide), the concentration and the duration of exposure. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Equilibria are defined for specific crystal phases. Therefore, the solubility product is expected to be different depending on the phase of the solid. For example, aragonite and calcite will have different solubility products even though they have both the same chemical identity (calcium carbonate). Under any given con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Racemization can be achieved by simply mixing equal quantities of two pure enantiomers. Racemization can also occur in a chemical interconversion. For example, when (R)-3-phenyl-2-butanone is dissolved in aqueous ethanol that contains NaOH or HCl, a racemate is formed. The racemization occurs by way of an intermedia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The protein folding problem is concerned with three questions, as stated by Ken A. Dill and Justin L. MacCallum: (i) How can an amino acid sequence determine the 3D native structure of a protein? (ii) How can a protein fold so quickly despite a vast number of possible conformations (the Levinthals Paradox)? How does th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Rivlin–Ericksen temporal evolution of the strain rate tensor such that the derivative translates and rotates with the flow field. The first-order Rivlin–Ericksen is given by
where
: is the fluid's velocity and
: is -th order Rivlin–Ericksen tensor.
Higher-order tensor may be found iteratively by the expression
The d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cations which are left after carefully separating previous groups are considered to be in the sixth analytical group. The most important ones are Mg, Li, Na and K. All the ions are distinguished by flame color: lithium gives a red flame, sodium gives bright yellow (even in trace amounts), potassium gives violet, and ma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While arsenic was most likely originally mixed with copper as a result of the ores already containing it, its use probably continued for a number of reasons. First, it acts as a deoxidizer, reacting with oxygen in the hot metal to form arsenous oxides which vaporize from the liquid metal. If a great deal of oxygen is d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sialic acids are highly abundant in vertebrate tissues where they are involved in many different biological processes. Originally discovered within the Deuterostome lineage of animals, sialic acids can be actually considered as a subset of a more ancient family of 9-carbon backbone monosaccharides called nonulosonic ac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At the start, electrodes were made mainly from wires or metal sheets.
Nowadays, the electric field in DEP is created by means of electrodes which minimize the magnitude of the voltage needed. This has been possible using fabrication techniques such as photolithography, laser ablation and electron beam patterning.
Thes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacterial resistance to the cephalosporin compounds can take place by three mechanisms.
* Modifications in target PBP
* Drug inactivation by bacterial β-lactamases
* Drug not being able to reach target PBP in the bacterial cell
Cephalosporins must get through the bacterial cell wall in order to reach the target PBP. In... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An example of a spontaneous (without addition of an external energy source) decomposition is that of hydrogen peroxide which slowly decomposes into water and oxygen ):
: 2 HO → 2 HO + O
This reaction is one of the exceptions to the endothermic nature of decomposition reactions.
Other reactions involving decomposition d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The nuclear chemistry associated with the nuclear fuel cycle can be divided into two main areas, one area is concerned with operation under the intended conditions while the other area is concerned with maloperation conditions where some alteration from the normal operating conditions has occurred or (more rarely) an a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While introductory levels of chemistry teaching use postulated oxidation states, the IUPAC recommendation and the Gold Book entry list two entirely general algorithms for the calculation of the oxidation states of elements in chemical compounds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mitochondrial ferritin has many roles pertaining to molecular function. It participates in ferroxidase activity, binding, iron ion binding, oxidoreductase activity, ferric iron binding, metal ion binding as well as transition metal binding. Within the realm of biological processes it participates in oxidation-reduction... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Gamma (γ): This phase composes the matrix of Ni-based superalloy. It is a solid solution fcc austenitic phase of the alloying elements. The alloying elements most found in commercial Ni-based alloys are, C, Cr, Mo, W, Nb, Fe, Ti, Al, V, and Ta. During the formation of these materials, as they cool from the melt, carb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MTV techniques have proven to allow measurements of velocities in inhospitable environments, like jet engines, flames, high-pressure vessels, where it is difficult for techniques like Pitot, hot-wire velocimetry and PIV to work. The field of MTV is fairly young; the first demonstration of implementation emerged within ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Angiogenesis or the growth of new blood vessels has been reported to correspond with MM progression where vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, bFGF and IL-6 appear to be required for endothelial cell migration during angiogenesis. Thalidomide and its analogs are believed to suppress angiogenesis ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbenes behave like very aggressive Lewis acids. They can attack lone pairs, but their primary synthetic utility arises from attacks on π bonds, which give cyclopropanes; and on σ bonds, which cause carbene insertion. Other reactions include rearrangements and dimerizations. A particular carbene's reactivity depend... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Molten sucrose is used instead of solvent. The reaction involves molten sucrose and fatty acid ester (methyl ester or triglyceride) with a basic catalyst, potassium carbonate or potassium soap. The high temperature (170-190 °C) is required for this process. Since the process is carried out at a high temperature, sucros... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
L.G. Loitsianskii derived an integral invariant for the decay of the turbulence by taking the fourth moment of the Kármán–Howarth equation in 1939, i.e.,
If decays faster than as and also in this limit, if we assume that vanishes, we have the quantity,
which is invariant. Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz showed that ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When α chains of laminin-111 bind to cell surface receptors integrins α1β1, α3β1, α4β1, α6β1 and Cdc42 GTPase are activated. The activated GTPase then activates Cdc42 which further activates c-Jun kinases and phosphorylation of Jun. Activation of c-Jun kinases leads to high levels of c-Jun expression which results in n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Organic geochemists also have an interest in studying the diagenesis of biogenic substances in petroleum and how they are transformed in sediment and fossils. While 90% of this organic material is insoluble in common organic solvents – called kerogen – 10% is in a form that is soluble and can be extracted, from where b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some drug molecules are chiral, and the enantiomers have different effects on biological entities. They can be sold as one enantiomer or as a racemic mixture. Examples include thalidomide, ibuprofen, cetirizine and salbutamol. A well known drug that has different effects depending on its ratio of enantiomers is ampheta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Conventional cryoprotectants are glycols (alcohols containing at least two hydroxyl groups), such as ethylene glycol , propylene glycol and glycerol. Ethylene glycol is commonly used as automobile antifreeze; while propylene glycol has been used to reduce ice formation in ice cream. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is also re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The streaming potential is an electric potential that develops during the flow of liquid through a capillary. In nature, a streaming potential may occur at a significant magnitude in areas with volcanic activities. The streaming potential is also the primary electrokinetic phenomenon for the assessment of the zeta pote... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The analytical near infrared (NIR) region spans the range from 780 nm to 2,500 nm. The absorption bands seen in this spectral range arise from overtones and combination bands of O-H, N-H, C-H and S-H stretching and bending vibrations. Absorption is one to two orders of magnitude smaller in the NIR compared to the MIR; ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Semisynthesis, or partial chemical synthesis, is a type of chemical synthesis that uses chemical compounds isolated from natural sources (such as microbial cell cultures or plant material) as the starting materials to produce novel compounds with distinct chemical and medicinal properties. The novel compounds generally... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Brass vessels release a small amount of copper ions into stored water, thus killing fecal bacterial counts as high as 1 million bacteria per milliliter.
Copper sulfate mixed with lime (Bordeaux mixture) is used as a fungicide and antihelminthic. Copper sulfate is used chiefly to destroy green algae (algicide) that grow... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With increasing bainite content in steel, the hardness, yield and tensile strength remain almost constant for bainite content up to 50%, and then increase by ca. 30%. Hence meter-size shafts and plates of high-bainite steels have been commercially mass-produced by Rolls-Royce Holdings and Tata Steel.
In the railway ind... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An ISFET electrode sensitive to H concentration can be used as a conventional glass electrode to measure the pH of a solution. However, it also requires a reference electrode to operate. If the reference electrode used in contact with the solution is of the AgCl or HgCl classical type, it will suffer the same limitatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, Vapochromism strongly overlaps with solvatochromism since vapochromic systems are ones in which dyes change colour in response to the vapour of an organic compound or gas. Vapochromic devices are the optical branch of electronic noses. The main applications are in sensors for detecting volatile organic co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
β-TG levels may increase with age. It is elevated in diabetes mellitus.
β-TG levels have been found to be increased by treatment with the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol, though were not significantly increased by the natural estrogen estradiol valerate. Levels of β-TG have also been found to be increased or unchan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A heat number is an identification coupon number that is stamped on a material plate after it is removed from the ladle and rolled at a steel mill.
Industry quality standards require materials to be tested at the manufacturer and the results of these tests be submitted through a report, also called a mill sheet, mill... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radiation chemistry is a subdivision of nuclear chemistry which studies the chemical effects of ionizing radiation on matter. This is quite different from radiochemistry, as no radioactivity needs to be present in the material which is being chemically changed by the radiation. An example is the conversion of water int... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One potential scenario that has been envisioned is out-of-control self-replicating molecular assemblers in the form of gray goo which consumes carbon to continue its replication. If unchecked, such mechanical replication could potentially consume whole ecoregions or the whole Earth (ecophagy), or it could simply outcom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Monolayers have a multitude of applications both at the air-water and at air-solid interphases.
Nanoparticle monolayers can be used to create functional surfaces that have for instance anti-reflective or superhydrophobic properties.
Monolayers are frequently encountered in biology. A micelle is a monolayer, and the pho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pharmacogenomics, often abbreviated "PGx," is the study of the role of the genome in drug response. Its name (pharmaco- + genomics) reflects its combining of pharmacology and genomics. Pharmacogenomics analyzes how the genetic makeup of a patient affects their response to drugs. It deals with the influence of acquired ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bernard Leslie Shaw, FRS (28 March 1930 – 8 November 2020) was an English chemist who made notable contributions to organometallic chemistry. He was Professor of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry at the University of Leeds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
pComb3H, a derivative of pComb3 optimized for expression of human fragments, is a phagemid used to express proteins such as zinc finger proteins and antibody fragments on phage pili for the purpose of phage display selection.
For the purpose of phage production, it contains the bacterial ampicillin resistance gene (for... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ceruloplasmin is the major copper-carrying protein in the blood. Ceruloplasmin exhibits oxidase activity, which is associated with possible oxidation of Fe(II) into Fe(III), therefore assisting in its transport in the blood plasma in association with transferrin, which can carry iron only in the Fe(III) state. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sorrento Therapeutics has been developing RTX as a means to provide pain relief for forms of advanced cancer.
The nerve desensitizing properties of RTX were once thought to be useful to treat overactive bladder (OAB) by preventing the bladder from transmitting "sensations of urgency" to the brain, similar to how they c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The iron catalyst is obtained from finely ground iron powder, which is usually obtained by reduction of high-purity magnetite (FeO). The pulverized iron is oxidized to give magnetite or wüstite (FeO, ferrous oxide) particles of a specific size. The magnetite (or wüstite) particles are then partially reduced, removing s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecular biology, a response regulator is a protein that mediates a cell's response to changes in its environment as part of a two-component regulatory system. Response regulators are coupled to specific histidine kinases which serve as sensors of environmental changes. Response regulators and histidine kinases are... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gunnar Hägg (December 14, 1903 in Stockholm – May 28, 1986 in Uppsala) was a Swedish chemist and crystallographer. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Supramolecular electronics is the experimental field of supramolecular chemistry that bridges the gap between molecular electronics and bulk plastics in the construction of electronic circuitry at the nanoscale. In supramolecular electronics, assemblies of pi-conjugated systems on the 5 to 100 nanometer scale are prepa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In some cases, energy loss features due to plasmon excitations are also observed. This can either be a final state effect caused by core hole decay, which generates quantized electron wave excitations in the solid (intrinsic plasmons), or it can be due to excitations induced by photoelectrons travelling from the emitte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The database can be searched by entering one or more of the following parameters: chemical name (is possible to request partial or full matching), molecular formula, number of different types of atoms present in the molecule (as a single value or as a range of values), molecular weight (as a single value or as a range ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Tribology Gold Medal, Institution of Mechanical Engineers (2013)
*ACS National Award in Colloid and Surface Chemistry (2009)
* Named by the AICHE as one of the “One Hundred Chemical Engineers of the Modern Era (2008)
* Honorary Degree of Doctor of Engineering – University of South Florida (2007)
* Honorary Degree of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The difference between the current that is actually obtained, at any particular value of the potential of the indicator or working electrode, for the reduction or oxidation of an ionic electroactive substance and the current that would be obtained, at the same potential, if there were no transport of that substance due... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The δ values and absolute isotope ratios of common reference materials are summarized in Table 1 and described in more detail below. Alternative values for the absolute isotopic ratios of reference materials, differing only modestly from those in Table 1, are presented in Table 2.5 of Sharp (2007) (a [http://digitalrep... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1996, Qureshi retired from PAEC as Chief Scientific Officer and was made scientist emeritus, which allowed him to continue research at PINSTECH before moving to Karachi. He took up the professorship of chemistry at the Karachi University and headed the nuclear chemistry section at the H.E.J. Research Institute of Ch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the book, Lane discusses what he considers to be a major gap in biology: why life operates the way that it does, and how it began. In his view as a biochemist, the core question is about energy, as all cells handle energy in the same way, relying on a steep electrochemical gradient across the very small thickness of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The primary biological importance of phosphates is as a component of nucleotides, which
serve as energy storage within cells (ATP) or when linked together, form the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. The double helix of our DNA is only possible because of the phosphate ester bridge that binds the helix. Besides making biomole... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As the total number of degrees of freedom approaches infinity, the system will be found in the macrostate that corresponds to the highest multiplicity. In order to illustrate this principle, observe the skin temperature of a frozen metal bar. Using a thermal image of the skin temperature, note the temperature distribut... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The dissociation constant is commonly used to describe the affinity between a ligand (such as a drug) and a protein ; i.e., how tightly a ligand binds to a particular protein. Ligand–protein affinities are influenced by non-covalent intermolecular interactions between the two molecules such as hydrogen bonding, ele... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. Magnesium occurs typically as the Mg ion. It is an essential mineral nutrient (i.e., element) for life and is present in every cell type in every organism. For example, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in cells, must bind to a magnesium ion... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Stokes number provides a means of estimating the quality of PIV data sets, as previously discussed. However, a definition of a characteristic velocity or length scale may not be evident in all applications. Thus, a deeper insight of how a tracking delay arises could be drawn by simply defining the differential equa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cohen et al. found that of a pair of co-expressed genes only one promoter has an Upstream Activating Sequence (UAS) associated with that expression pattern. They suggested that UASs can activate genes that are not in immediate adjacency to them. This explanation could explain the co-expression of small clusters, but ma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protecting a substrate with a PPG is commonly referred to as "photocaging." This term is especially popular in biological systems. For example, Ly et al. developed a p-iodobenzoate-based photocaged reagent, which would experience a homolytic photoclevage of the C-I bond. They found that the reaction could occur with ex... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Translation initiation is the process by which the ribosome and its associated factors bind to an mRNA and are assembled at the start codon. This process is defined as either cap-dependent, in which the ribosome binds initially at the 5 cap and then travels to the stop codon, or as cap-independent, where the ribosome d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As awareness about ocean acidification grows, policies geared towards increasing monitoring efforts of ocean acidification have been drafted. Previously in 2015, ocean scientist Jean-Pierre Gattuso had remarked that "The ocean has been minimally considered at previous climate negotiations. Our study provides compelling... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Creating separation between a sound source and any form of adjoining mass, hindering the direct pathway for sound transfer. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cyclization reactions, or intramolecular addition reactions, can be used to form cycloalkenes. These reactions primarily form cyclopentenones, a cycloalkene that contains two functional groups: the cyclopentene and a ketone group. However, other cycloalkenes, such as Cyclooctatetraene, can be formed as a result of this... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The investigation of the TRPM genes and proteins in human cells is an area of intense recent study and, at times, debate. Montell et al. (2002) have reviewed the research into the TRP genes, and a second review by Montell (2003) has reviewed the research into the TRPM genes.
The TRPM family of ion channels has members ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Spark plug
*Water cooled barrel
*Nitrogen inlet valve
*Fuel inlet valve
*Oxygen inlet valve
*Powder feedstock inlet valve | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A glycocalyx can also be found on the apical portion of microvilli within the digestive tract, especially within the small intestine. It creates a meshwork 0.3 μm thick and consists of acidic mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins that project from the apical plasma membrane of epithelial absorptive cells. It provides... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ScBC (x = 0.27, y = 1.1, z = 0.2) has an orthorhombic crystal structure with space group Pbam (No. 55) and lattice constants of a = 1.73040(6), b = 1.60738(6) and c = 1.44829(6) nm. This phase is indicated as ScBC (phase IV) in the phase diagram of figure 17. This rare orthorhombic structure has 78 atomic positions in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gold-crafting technology developed in Northwest China during the early Iron Age, following the arrival of new technological skills from the Central Asian steppes, even before the establishment of the Xiongnu (209 BCE-150 CE). These technological and artistic exchanges attest to the magnitude of communication networks b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As indicated in the Figure above, captioned "Demethylation of 5-methylcytosine," the first step in active demethylation is a TET oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). The demethylation process, in some tissues and at some genome locations, may stop at that point. As reviewed by Uribe-Le... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
P-substituted heavier group 14 analogues (Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) of diaminocarbenes are less established. It has been suggested this is due to a high energetic barrier associated with achieving a planar configuration at phosphorus, which would enable p(π)-p(π) overlap between the P lone pair and the empty p orbital of the gro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pestiviruses have a single stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes. They cause Classical swine fever (CSF) and Bovine viral diarrhea(BVD). Mucosal disease is a distinct, chronic persistent infection, whereas BVD is an acute infection. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
π-effects have an important contribution to biological systems since they provide a significant amount of binding enthalpy. Neurotransmitters produce most of their biological effect by binding to the active site of a protein receptor. Pioneering work of Dennis A. Dougherty is a proof that such kind of binding stabiliza... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ratio of N to N is of relevance because in most biological contexts, N is preferentially uptaken as the lighter isotope. As a result, samples enriched in N can often be introduced through a non-biological context.
One use of N is as a tracer to determine the path taken by fertilizers applied to anything from pots t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unlike direct DNA damage, which occurs in areas directly exposed to UV-B light, reactive chemical species can travel through the body and affect other areas—possibly even inner organs. The traveling nature of the indirect DNA damage can be seen in the fact that the malignant melanoma can occur in places that are not d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Corium, also called fuel-containing material (FCM) or lava-like fuel-containing material (LFCM), is a material that is created in a nuclear reactor core during a nuclear meltdown accident. Resembling lava in consistency, it consists of a mixture of nuclear fuel, fission products, control rods, structural materials from... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ted Ellis is involved with various causes and charitable organizations including United Way, ICLS, African American Visual Arts Association, Jack and Jill of America Inc., the United Negro College Fund, Heritage Christian Academy, and various public school districts. He was the featured artist of Big Brothers Big Siste... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vesicle fusion is the merging of a vesicle with other vesicles or a part of a cell membrane. In the latter case, it is the end stage of secretion from secretory vesicles, where their contents are expelled from the cell through exocytosis. Vesicles can also fuse with other target cell compartments, such as a lysosome. E... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hillhouse was born on March 1, 1955, in Greenville, South Carolina. He attended the University of South Carolina in 1976 and received his Ph.D. from Indiana University Bloomington in 1980. He then became a postdoctoral research associate at California Institute of Technology, before taking a position in the department ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The word catabolism is from Neo-Latin, which got the roots from Greek: κάτω kato, "downward" and βάλλειν ballein, "to throw". | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Often molecules do form multilayers, that is, some are adsorbed on already adsorbed molecules, and the Langmuir isotherm is not valid. In 1938 Stephen Brunauer, Paul Emmett, and Edward Teller developed a model isotherm that takes that possibility into account. Their theory is called BET theory, after the initials in th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Using the above definition for z , the cumulative distribution function (CDF) can be found as follows:
Substituting the definition of the Faddeeva function (scaled complex error function) yields for the indefinite integral:
which may be solved to yield
where is a hypergeometric function. In order for the function to a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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