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* gas silvestre
**Ancient origin for fixed air by Jan Baptist van Helmont
*Spiritus sylvestris
*aerial acid
*acid of air
*luft-saeure
*carbonic anhydride
*Gas acide carbonique
*Gas carbonicum
*chalky acid
*acid of chalk
*kriedesaeure
*kohlensaeures gas
*choke-damp
*cretaceous acid
*Acide mephitique
*Mephitic air
*deuto... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate that contains the pyrimidine base cytosine. The triphosphate group contains high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds, which liberate energy when hydrolized.
DNA polymerase enzymes use this energy to incorporate deoxycytidine into a newly synthesized strand of DN... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to reduce humidity levels and spoiling due to bacterial growth, refrigeration is used for meat, produce, and dairy processing in farming today. Refrigeration systems are used the heaviest in the warmer months for farming produce, which must be cooled as soon as possible in order to meet quality standards and i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phenols are more acidic than typical alcohols. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pK is usually between 10 and 12). Deprotonation of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the correspon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A common method of quantitative nitrite detection is the Griess test, which relies on the reaction of nitrite with the two components of a Griess reagent to form a red azo dye. This allows the concentration of nitrite to be determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transition metal alkyne complexes are often formed by the displacement of labile ligands by the alkyne. For example, a variety of cobalt-alkyne complexes arise by the reaction of alkynes with dicobalt octacarbonyl.
Many alkyne complexes are produced by reduction of metal halides:
: CpTiCl + Mg + MeSiC≡CSiMe → CpTi[(CS... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP) is a California-based non-profit organization of interdisciplinary professionals including environmental science, resource management, environmental planning and other professions contributing to this field. AEP is the first organization of its kind in the USA, and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An additional environmental benefit of a green roof is the ability to sequester carbon. Carbon is the main component of plant matter and is naturally absorbed by plant tissue. The carbon is stored in the plant tissue and the soil substrate through plant litter and root exudates. A study on green roofs in Michigan and M... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Finally, the bioactive molecule of interest is loaded into the carbohydrate layer. This process typically occurs through either lyophilization or passive adsorption, and the fully functionalized aquasome is then characterized. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The biological pump, in its simplest form, is the ocean's biologically driven sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere to the ocean interior and seafloor sediments. It is the part of the oceanic carbon cycle responsible for the cycling of organic matter formed mainly by phytoplankton during photosynthesis (soft-tiss... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ion beams produced by ion and plasma thrusters on board a spacecraft can be used to transmit a force to a nearby object (e.g. another spacecraft, an asteroid, etc.) that is irradiated by the beam. This innovative propulsion technique named Ion Beam Shepherd has been shown to be effective in the area of active space deb... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A quench press is a machine that uses concentrated forces to hold an object as it is quenched. These types of quench facilities are used to quench large gears and other circular parts so that they remain circular. They are also used to quench saw blades and other flat or plate-shaped objects so that they remain flat.
Q... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are three common naming conventions for specifying one of the two enantiomers (the absolute configuration) of a given chiral molecule: the R/S system is based on the geometry of the molecule; the (+)- and (−)- system (also written using the obsolete equivalents d- and l-) is based on its optical rotation properti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Heterosynaptic plasticity (or also heterotropic modulation) is a change in synaptic strength that results from the activity of other neurons. Again, the plasticity can alter the number of vesicles or their replenishment rate or the relationship between calcium and vesicle release. Additionally, it could directly affec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1905, Einstein proposed a theory of the photoelectric effect using a concept that light consists of tiny packets of energy known as photons or light quanta. Each packet carries energy that is proportional to the frequency of the corresponding electromagnetic wave. The proportionality constant has become known as ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxidation itself was first studied by Antoine Lavoisier, who defined it as the result of reactions with oxygen (hence the name). The term has since been generalized to imply a formal loss of electrons. Oxidation states, called oxidation grades by Friedrich Wöhler in 1835, were one of the intellectual stepping stones th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many screens are analyzed using the image analysis software that accompanies the instrument, providing a turn-key solution. Third-party software alternatives are often used for particularly challenging screens or where a laboratory or facility has multiple instruments and wishes to standardize to a single analysis pla... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inhibitors of protein AMPylation with inhibitory constant (K) ranging from 6 - 50 μM and at least 30-fold selectivity versus HypE have been discovered. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Delayed nuclear radiation is a form of nuclear decay. When an isotope decays into a very short-lived isotope and then decays again to a relatively long-lived isotope, the products of the second decay are delayed. The short-lived isotope is usually a meta-stable nuclear isomer.
For example, gallium-73 decays via beta de... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
I is one of seven long-lived fission products. It is primarily formed from the fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear reactors. Significant amounts were released into the atmosphere by nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s and 1960s, by nuclear reactor accidents and by both military and civil reprocessing of spent ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The energy required to detach an electron in its lowest energy state from an atom or molecule of a gas with less net electric charge is called the ionization potential, or ionization energy. The nth ionization energy of an atom is the energy required to detach its nth electron after the first electrons have already be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since the LUMOs of nontrigonal pnictogen compounds consist mainly of the vacant p orbitals of the pnictogen nuclei, they could undergo one-electron reduction to afford radical anions if the energy levels of LUMOs are appropriate. For a less sterically hindered compound, the generated radical anion readily dimerizes to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrogen abstraction generates radicals. To achieve this reaction, the C-H bond of the H-atom donor must weak, which is rarely the case in organic compounds. Allylic and especiall doubly allylic C-H bonds are prone to abstraction by O. This reaction is the basis of drying oils, such as linoleic acid derivatives. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Gibbs free energy of mixing, , must be negative for a blend to be miscible. According to Flory-Huggins theory, a revision of regular solution theory, the entropy change per mole of lattice sites of blending polymer 1 and polymer 2 is
, where ΔS is the change in entropy of mixing, R is the gas constant, Φ is the vol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
James Derek Birchall (7 October 1930 – 7 December 1995) was an English inorganic chemist, materials scientist, and inventor who spent most of his career working for Imperial Chemical Industries. He is known for his research on the health effects of exposure to silica and alumina. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lucia V. Streng (November 6, 1909 – April 28, 1995) was a Russian Empire-born American chemist. She spent much of her career studying the noble gases and their properties, successfully synthesizing krypton difluoride. She and her husband, Alex G. Streng, both held positions at Temple University. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gene knockdown by transfection of exogenous siRNA is often unsatisfactory because the effect is only transient, especially in rapidly dividing cells. This may be overcome by creating an expression vector for the siRNA. The siRNA sequence is modified to introduce a short loop between the two strands. The resulting trans... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After escaping the promoter and shedding most of the transcription factors for initiation, the polymerase acquires new factors for the next phase of transcription: elongation. Transcription elongation is a processive process. Double stranded DNA that enters from the front of the enzyme is unzipped to avail the template... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cyclization of an azomethine ylide with a carbonyl affords a spirocyclic oxazolidine, which loses CO to form a seven-membered ring. These high-utility decarboxylative multi-step reactions are common in azomethine ylide chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphinooxazolines are able to influence both the enantioselectivity and regioselectivity of a range of metal catalysed reactions. In reactions involving symmetric transition states these properties work in concert to induce asymmetry and thus promote the formation of a single product. Enantioselectivity is controlled... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During the early 1800s, consumers preserved their food by storing food and ice purchased from ice harvesters in iceboxes. In 1803, Thomas Moore patented a metal-lined butter-storage tub which became the prototype for most iceboxes. These iceboxes were used until nearly 1910 and the technology did not progress. In fact,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The discoveries of the 19th century, both the successes and failures, set the stage for the emergence of quantum mechanics. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Farmers General held a monopoly of the production, import and sale of tobacco in France, and the taxes they levied on tobacco brought revenues of 30 million livres a year. This revenue began to fall because of a growing black market in tobacco that was smuggled and adulterated, most commonly with ash and water. Lav... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the presence of the group 3 homoleptic catalyst Y[N(SiMe)], triphenylphosphonium methylide can be coupled with phenylsilane. This reaction produces H gas as a byproduct, and forms a silyl-stabilised ylide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE) is a liquid clarification technique. This method enables scientists to separate different cells with different sizes. Since cell size is correlated with cell cycle stages this method also allows the separation of cells at different stages of the cell cycle. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After the steam is conditioned by the drying equipment inside the drum, it is piped from the upper drum area into an elaborate set up of tubing in different areas of the boiler, the areas known as superheater and reheater. The steam vapor picks up energy and is superheated above the saturation temperature. The superh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Both prokaryotic and eukarotic genomes are organized into large loops of protein-bound DNA. In eukaryotes, the bases of the loops are called scaffold attachment regions (SARs) and they consist of stretches of DNA that bind an RNA/protein complex to stabilize the loop. There are about 100,000 loops in the human genome a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI) is a University of Kentucky-based research center established by the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy in 2012 to facilitate academic translational research and drug discovery/drug development. The UK CPRI specializes in natural product-based drug di... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A line source or sink of strength ( for source and for sink) is given by the potential
where in fact is the volume flux per unit length across a surface enclosing the source or sink. The velocity field in polar coordinates are
i.e., a purely radial flow. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In arid areas, check dams are often built to increase groundwater recharge in a process called managed aquifer recharge. Winter runoff thus can be stored in aquifers, from which the water can be withdrawn during the dry season for irrigation, livestock watering, and drinking water. This is particularly useful for small... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cleve joined the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1871. He received a Davy Medal in 1894 and 1904.
The mineral cleveite is named for Cleve. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mechanisms of tardigrade desiccation protection were originally thought to result from high levels of the sugar trehalose. Trehalose is used by organisms like yeast to avoid desiccation in dry environments by working with heat shock proteins to keep desiccation-sensitive proteins in solution. However, while tardigr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There were four named penicillins at the time penicillin V was discovered (penicillins I, II, III, IV), however, Penicillin V was named "V" for Vertraulich (German for confidential); it was not named for the Roman numeral "5".
Penicillin VK is the potassium salt of penicillin V (K is the chemical symbol for potassium). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is a type of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), that separates high molecular weight or colloidal analytes on the basis of size or diameter, typically in organic solvents. The technique is often used for the analysis of polymers. As a technique, SEC was first developed in 1955 by L... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The compound cis-[Pt(NH)Cl] was first described by Italian chemist Michele Peyrone in 1845, and known for a long time as Peyrones salt. The structure was deduced by Alfred Werner in 1893. In 1965, Barnett Rosenberg, Van Camp et al. of Michigan State University discovered that electrolysis of platinum electrodes generat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are some common types of spectrophotometers include:
UV-vis spectrophotometer: Measures light absorption in UV and visible ranges (200-800 nm). Used for quantification of many inorganic and organic compounds.
1. Infrared spectrophotometer: Measures infrared light absorption, allowing identification of chemical bo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Porous implants are characterized by the presence of voids in the metallic or ceramic matrix. Voids can be regular, such as in additively manufactured (AM) lattices, or stochastic, such as in gas-infiltrated production processes. The reduction in the modulus of the implant follows a complex nonlinear relationship depen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pipes, fittings, valves, and accessories make up a plastic pressure pipe system. The range of pipe diameters for each pipe system does vary. However, the size ranges from and . Pipes are extruded and are generally available in: , , , and straight lengths and , , , and coils for LDPE and HDPE.
Pipe fittings are moul... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Floriana completed her Bachelor of Science at University of Bucharest. She continued to read her Master of Science degree at University of Bucharest and successfully completed it in 1989 before moving to the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy to read her Doctor of Philosophy degree in transition me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This method can be used to detect co-binding of two factors to the same genomic locus. The Dam methylase may be expressed in two halves which are fused to different proteins of interest. When both proteins bind to the same region of DNA, the Dam enzyme is reconstituted and is able to methylate the surrounding GATC site... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In contrast to purple bacteria and other bacteria performing anoxygenic photosynthesis, thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria are not continuous with the plasma membrane but are separate compartments. The photosynthetic machinery is embedded in the thylakoid membranes, with phycobilisomes acting as light-harvesting ante... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Magnetic inequivalence may occur with HC-CH fragments that are subdivided into two groups of two in either geminal relationships via a mirror plane along the C-C bond, i.e. HHC-CHH, or in vicinal relationships via a mirror plane bisecting the C-C bond, i.e. in HHC-CHH, or via a rotational axis of symmetry (a C-axis), i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
More so than thiophenol, benzeneselenol is easily oxidized by air. The facility of this reaction reflects the weakness of the Se-H bond, bond dissociation energy of which is estimated to be between 67 and 74 kcal/mol. In contrast, the S-H BDE for thiophenol is near 80 kcal/mol. The product is diphenyl diselenide as sho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Protons can also interact with the nucleus of the atoms in the sample through elastic collisions, Rutherford backscattering, often repelling the proton at angles close to 180 degrees. The backscatter give information on the sample thickness and composition. The bulk sample properties allow for the correction of X-ray p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The stereoelectronic effect influences the thermodynamics of equilibrium. For example, the following equilibrium could be achieved via a cascade of pericyclic reactions.
Despite very similar structures, one of the two isomers is strongly favored over the other because of a stereoelectronic effect. Since the σ* orbital ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a result of low densities and speeds of atoms achieved by optical cooling, the mean free path in a ball of MOT cooled atoms is very long, and atoms may be treated as ballistic. This is useful for quantum information experiments where it is necessary to have long coherence times (the time an atom spends in a defined ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ELP can be conjugated to a functional group that can bind to a protein of interest. At temperatures below the T the ELP will bind to the ligand in its linear form. In this linear state, the ELP-protein complex cannot easily be distinguished from the extraneous proteins in the solution. However, once the solution... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Concentration depends on the variation of the volume of the solution with temperature, due mainly to thermal expansion. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Atkins, P.W. (1978). Physical Chemistry Oxford University Press
*Trevor Palmer (2001) Enzymes: biochemistry, biotechnology and clinical chemistry Chichester Horwood Publishing | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hidden stops are non-stop codons that would be read as stop codons if they were frameshifted +1 or −1. These prematurely terminate translation if the corresponding frame-shift (such as due to a ribosomal RNA slip) occurs before the hidden stop. It is hypothesised that this decreases resource wastage on nonfunctional pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When the cost of producing slaves became too high to justify slave labourers for the many mines throughout the empire around the second century, a system of indentured servitude was introduced for convicts. In 369 AD, a law was reinstated due to the closure of many deep mines; the emperor Hadrian had previously given t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ethers () consist of an oxygen atom between the two attached carbon chains. The shorter of the two chains becomes the first part of the name with the -ane suffix changed to -oxy, and the longer alkane chain becomes the suffix of the name of the ether. Thus, is methoxymethane, and is methoxyethane (not ethoxymethane).... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zinc chloride is used as a catalyst or reagent in diverse reactions conducted on an industrial scale. The partial hydrolysis of benzal chloride in the presence of zinc chloride is the main route to benzoyl chloride. It serves as a catalyst for the production of methylene-bis(dithiocarbamate).
The combination of hydroch... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A materials recovery facility, materials reclamation facility, materials recycling facility or multi re-use facility (MRF, pronounced "murf") is a specialized plant that receives, separates and prepares recyclable materials for marketing to end-user manufacturers. Generally, there are two different types: clean and dir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula CH. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon.
Benzene is a natural constituent... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Krypton-85 is produced in small quantities by the interaction of cosmic rays with stable krypton-84 in the atmosphere. Natural sources maintain an equilibrium inventory of about 0.09 PBq in the atmosphere. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Eulerian form of the Cauchy momentum equation for a fluid is
for isotropic pressure , where is fluid velocity, the fluid density, and the gravitational acceleration. The Eulerian rate of change of momentum in direction at a point is thus (using Einstein notation):
Substituting the conservation of mass, expresse... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA in solution does not take a rigid structure but is continually changing conformation due to thermal vibration and collisions with water molecules, which makes classical measures of rigidity impossible to apply. Hence, the bending stiffness of DNA is measured by the persistence length, defined as:
This value may be ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This theoretical paradox is directed at the then-mainstream strand of belief in a classical view of a sempiternal universe, whereby its matter is postulated as everlasting and having always been recognisably the universe. Heat death paradox is born of a paradigm resulting from fundamental ideas about the cosmos. It is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jelly-falls are marine carbon cycling events whereby gelatinous zooplankton, primarily cnidarians, sink to the seafloor and enhance carbon and nitrogen fluxes via rapidly sinking particulate organic matter. These events provide nutrition to benthic megafauna and bacteria. Jelly-falls have been implicated as a major “ge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several models attempt to account for the bulk properties of water by assuming that they are dominated by cluster formation within the liquid. According to the quantum cluster equilibrium (QCE) theory of liquids, n=8 clusters dominate the liquid water bulk phase, followed by n=5 and n=6 clusters. Near the triple point,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Effective public shelters can be the middle floors of some tall buildings or parking structures, or below ground level in most buildings with more than 10 floors. The thickness of the upper floors must form an effective shield, and the windows of the sheltered area must not view fallout-covered ground that is closer th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the continental shelf pump is proposed to operate in the shallow waters of the continental shelves, acting as a mechanism to transport carbon (as either dissolved or particulate material) from surface waters to the interior of the adjacent deep ocean. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The use of alkyllithiums as strong bases has not been extensively studied, and have been unreliable for deprotonation of precursor salts. With non-aromatic salts, n-BuLi and PhLi can act as nucleophiles whilst t-BuLi can on occasion act as a source of hydride, reducing the salt with the generation of isobutene: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The internal energy is given by the energetic equation of state,
where is an arbitrary constant of integration.
Now in order for to be an exact differential, namely that be continuous with continuous partial derivatives, its second mixed partial derivatives must also be equal, . Then with this condition can be writ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Low levels of vitamin D in pregnancy are associated with gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and small (for gestational age) infants. Although taking vitamin D supplements during pregnancy raises blood levels of vitamin D in the mother at term, the full extent of benefits for the mother or baby is unclear. Pregnant wo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Formerly, the genus , belonging to the Thymelaeaceae, was generally considered to be the original plant, namely either L., or L. or L. But in 1879 W. Dymock was able to prove that at least the Persian sarcocolla is the product of what he called Dym. (Leguminosae). Widely known in antiquity, the drug practically dis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Quantum efficiency (QE) is the fraction of photon flux that contributes to the photocurrent in a photodetector or
a pixel. Quantum efficiency is one of the most important parameters used to evaluate the quality of a detector and is often called the spectral response to reflect its wavelength dependence. It is defined a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term or is known as the Coulomb or electrostatic term.
The basis for this term is the electrostatic repulsion between protons. To a very rough approximation, the nucleus can be considered a sphere of uniform charge density. The potential energy of such a charge distribution can be shown to be
where Q is the total... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Engine oil is filtered to remove impurities. Filtration of oil is normally done with volume filtration. Filter papers for lubrication oils are impregnated to resist high temperatures. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Main article smFRET.
In single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer, the molecule is labeled in (at least) two places. A laser beam is focused on the molecule exciting the first probe. When this probe relaxes and emits a photon, it has a chance of exciting the other probe. The efficiency of the absorption of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ff phages (for F specific filamentous phages) is a group of almost identical filamentous phage (genus Inovirus) including phages f1, fd, M13 and ZJ/2, which infect bacteria bearing the F fertility factor. The virion (virus particle) is a flexible filament measuring about 6 by 900 nm, comprising a cylindrical protein t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Clinical chemistry (also known as chemical pathology, clinical biochemistry or medical biochemistry) is a division in medical laboratory sciences focusing on qualitative tests of important compounds, referred to as analytes or markers, in bodily fluids and tissues using analytical techniques and specialized instruments... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
;Acuminate: Coming to a sharp, narrow, prolonged point.
;Acute: Coming to a sharp, but not prolonged point.
;Auriculate: Ear-shaped.
;Cordate: Heart-shaped with the notch towards the stalk.
;Cuneate: Wedge-shaped.
;Hastate: Shaped like an halberd and with the basal lobes pointing outward.
;Oblique: Slanting.
;Reniform:... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cynthia Larive is an American scientist and academic administrator serving as the chancellor of University of California, Santa Cruz. Larives research focuses on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry. She was previously a professor of chemistry and provost and executive vice chancellor at ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Both gas and liquid flow can be measured in physical quantities of kind volumetric flow rate or mass flow rates, with respective SI units such as cubic meters per second or kilograms per second, respectively. These measurements are related by the material's density. The density of a liquid is almost independent of cond... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methods for the polymerization of polyaniline nanofibers seen in literature primarily include [redox|chemical oxidative] polymerization, interfacial synthesis, and "rapid mixing" methods. Other less common methods include nanofiber seeding, electrosynthesis, electrospinning, and preforming polymerization in dilute anil... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first SPR immunoassay was proposed in 1983 by Liedberg, Nylander, and Lundström, then of the Linköping Institute of Technology (Sweden). They adsorbed
human IgG onto a 600-Ångström silver film, and used the assay to detect anti-human IgG in water solution. Unlike many other immunoassays, such as ELISA, an SPR imm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
β-halo immonium compounds can be synthesized through the halogenation reaction of enamines with halides in diethyl ether solvent. Hydrolysis will result in the formation of α-halo ketones. Chlorination, bromination, and even iodination have been shown to be possible. The general reaction is shown below: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following processes are often used to describe different stages of a thermodynamic cycle:
*Adiabatic : No energy transfer as heat (Q) during that part of the cycle (). Energy transfer is considered as work done by the system only.
*Isothermal : The process is at a constant temperature during that part of the cycle ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transcriptional repressor CTCF also known as 11-zinc finger protein or CCCTC-binding factor is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the CTCF gene. CTCF is involved in many cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, insulator activity, V(D)J recombination and regulation of chromatin archit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As indicated above, some mammals typically used for food production (such as goats, sheep, pigs, and cows) have been modified to produce non-food products, a practice sometimes called pharming. Use of genetically modified goats has been approved by the FDA and EMA to produce ATryn, i.e. recombinant antithrombin, an ant... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With time, various chemical notations for the hydroperoxyl (perhydroxyl) radical coexist in the literature. Haber, Wilstätter and Weiss simply wrote HO or OH, but sometimes HO or OH can also be found to stress the radical character of the species.
The hydroperoxyl radical is a weak acid and gives rise to the superoxide... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to the researchers' mass spectrometry, hemolithin is largely composed of glycine and hydroxyglycine amino acids. The researchers noted that the protein was related to "very high extraterrestrial" ratios of Deuterium/Hydrogen (D/H); such high D/H ratios are not found anywhere on Earth, but are "consistent with... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* 1993 RACI Polymer Division Citation
* 1999 Applied Research Award and Don Rivett Medal of RACI
* 2002 Euro-Asia Promotion and Cultural Foundation (Romanian Branch)Diploma of Excellence
* 2003 Corresponding Member of the Romanian Academy of Scientists
* 2014 SRB Excellence Award of the Romanian Society for Biomaterial... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In condensed matter physics, a string-net is an extended object whose collective behavior has been proposed as a physical mechanism for topological order by Michael A. Levin and Xiao-Gang Wen. A particular string-net model may involve only closed loops; or networks of oriented, labeled strings obeying branching rules g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a molecule of DNA is double stranded, as DNA usually is, the two strands run in opposite directions. Therefore, one end of the molecule will have the 3 end of strand 1 and the 5 end of strand 2, and vice versa in the other end. However, the fact that the molecule is two stranded allows numerous different variation... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A two-dimensional (2D), solenoidal vector field may be described by a scalar stream function , via , where is the right-handed unit vector perpendicular to the 2D plane. By definition, the stream function is related to the vorticity via a Poisson equation: . The Lamb–Chaplygin model follows from demanding the follo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The deuteron wavefunction must be antisymmetric if the isospin representation is used (since a proton and a neutron are not identical particles, the wavefunction
need not be antisymmetric in general). Apart from their isospin, the two nucleons also have spin and spatial distributions of their wavefunction. The latter i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Inhibition of DNA repair processes is considered one of main mechanism of inorganic arsenic genotoxicity. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) are the processes implicated in the repair of DNA base damage induced by ROS after arsenic exposure. In particular, the NER mechanism is the major pat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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