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Stable cell-cell interactions are required for cell adhesion within a tissue and controlling the shape and function of cells. These stable interactions involve cell junctions which are multiprotein complexes that provide contact between neighboring cells. Cell junctions allow for the preservation and proper functionin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In an HCP crystal such as graphite, the two coordinates include the origin and the next plane up the c axis located at c/2, and hence , which gives us
From this it is convenient to define dummy variable , and from there consider the modulus squared so hence
This leads us to the following conditions for the structure f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Magnus effect is named after Gustav Magnus, the German physicist who investigated it. It describes the force generated by fluid flow over a rotating body, at right angles to both the direction of flow and the axis of rotation. This force on a rotating cylinder is known as Kutta–Joukowski lift, after Martin Kutta an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Qin Shi Huang, the founder of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE), feared death and spent the last part of his life seeking the elixir of life. This led to later allegations that he died from elixir poisoning. The first emperor also sent Xu Fu to sail an expeditionary fleet into the Pacific seeking the legendary Mount Pengla... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Defensive structures and chemicals are costly as they require resources that could otherwise be used by plants to maximize growth and reproduction. In some situations, plant growth slows down when most of the nutrients are being used for the generation of toxins or regeneration of plant parts. Many models have been pro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In reproducing, most plants inherit their plastids from only one parent. In general, angiosperms inherit plastids from the female gamete, where many gymnosperms inherit plastids from the male pollen. Algae also inherit plastids from just one parent. Thus the plastid DNA of the other parent is completely lost.
In normal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1878 Josiah Willard Gibbs proposed that a droplet or crystal will arrange itself such that its surface Gibbs free energy is minimized by assuming a shape of low surface energy. He defined the quantity
Here represents the surface (Gibbs free) energy per unit area of the th crystal face and is the area of said face.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The French group for the study of polymers and their application, also called more simply French polymer group (GFP) is a French nonprofit organization and learned society, which aims to promote polymer chemistry, physics, and material science in French industry and institutes of higher learning. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The waste discharge can be used as land stabilizer as dry bio-solids that can be distributed to the market. The land stabilizer is used in reclaiming marginal land such as mining waste land. This process will help to restore the land to its initial appearance. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Esketamine is used for similar indications as ketamine. Such uses include induction of anesthesia in high-risk patients such as those with circulatory shock, severe bronchospasm, or as a supplement to regional anesthesia with incomplete nerve blocks. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biochemistry, an Eadie–Hofstee plot (or Eadie–Hofstee diagram) is a graphical representation of the Michaelis–Menten equation in enzyme kinetics. It has been known by various different names, including Eadie plot, Hofstee plot and Augustinsson plot. Attribution to Woolf is often omitted, because although Haldane and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The classification of AFPs became more complicated when antifreeze proteins from plants were discovered. Plant AFPs are rather different from the other AFPs in the following aspects:
#They have much weaker thermal hysteresis activity when compared to other AFPs.
#Their physiological function is likely in inhibiting th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The name Akkermansia (Ak.ker.mansi.a.) derives from: Neo-Latin feminine gender noun Akkermansia, named after Anton Dirk Louis Akkermans (28 October 1940 – 21 August 2006), a Dutch microbiologist recognized for his contribution to microbial ecology. Neo-Latin neuter gender noun mucinum, mucin; Neo-Latin adjective philus... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ortho-Carborane is the organoboron compound with the formula CBH. The prefix ortho is derived from ortho. It is the most prominent carborane. This derivative has been considered for a wide range of applications from heat-resistant polymers to medical applications. It is a colorless solid that melts, without decomposit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During the thirteenth century, Mosul, Iraq became home to a school of luxury metalwork which rose to international renown. Artifacts classified as Mosul are some of the most intricately designed and revered pieces of the Middle Ages. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are several challenges associated with gene silencing therapies, including delivery and specificity for targeted cells. For instance, for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, molecules for a prospective gene silencing therapy must be delivered to the brain. The blood–brain barrier makes it difficult to deliv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) is a modification of polymerase chain reaction intended to reduce non-specific binding in products due to the amplification of unexpected primer binding sites. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the case of multiple charged projectile ions a particular form of electronic sputtering can take place that has been termed potential sputtering. In these cases the potential energy stored in multiply charged ions (i.e., the energy necessary to produce an ion of this charge state from its neutral atom) is liberated ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Following Max Planck (1914), a radiative field is often described in terms of specific radiative intensity, which is a function of each geometrical point in a space region, at an instant of time. This is slightly different from Prevosts mode of definition, which was for regions of space. It is also slightly conceptuall... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the future alternative marker technologies will need to be used more often to, at the least, assuage concerns about their persistence into the final product. It is also possible that markers will be replaced entirely by future techniques which use removable markers, and others which do not use markers at all, instea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This case was appealed to the Supreme Court as Addyston Pipe and Steel Company v. United States, 175 U.S. 211 (1899). However, on appeal, the defendants did not attack the reasoning of the Sixth Circuit. Instead, they argued that the Commerce Clause of the Constitution did not empower Congress to regulate purely privat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and petrographic analysis can be used to determine the types and distribution of minerals in slag. The minerals present in the slag are good indicators of the gas atmosphere in the furnace, the cooling rate of the slag and the homogeneity of the sl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The AnMBR technology goes through two stages to ensure maximum solid-liquid separation, adhering to increasing standards for effluent. First, the wastewater enters the anaerobic bioreactor unit, where the organic load goes through the anaerobic process to be transformed into biogas. Subsequently, the remaining liquid, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ICRP states; "Collective effective dose is an instrument for optimisation, for comparing radiological technologies and protection procedures. Collective effective dose is not intended as a tool for epidemiological studies, and it is inappropriate to use it in risk projections. This is because the assumptions implic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In outer-sphere ET reactions, the participating redox centers are not linked via any bridge during the ET event. Instead, the electron "hops" through space from the reducing center to the acceptor. Outer sphere electron transfer can occur between different chemical species or between identical chemical species that d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Von Kármán swirling flow finds its applications in wide range of fields, which includes rotating machines, filtering systems, computer storage devices, heat transfer and mass transfer applications, combustion-related problems, planetary formations, geophysical applications etc. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A restriction fragment is a DNA fragment resulting from the cutting of a DNA strand by a restriction enzyme (restriction endonucleases), a process called restriction. Each restriction enzyme is highly specific, recognising a particular short DNA sequence, or restriction site, and cutting both DNA strands at specific po... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Butyric acid is used in the preparation of various butyrate esters. It is used to produce cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), which is used in a wide variety of tools, paints, and coatings, and is more resistant to degradation than cellulose acetate. CAB can degrade with exposure to heat and moisture, releasing butyric a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This bacterium was previously considered a fish pathogen, but it has recently emerged as a human pathogen. Aeromonas sp. have been isolated from various infected sites from patients (bile, blood, peritoneal fluid, pus, stool and urine). All isolates produced the two principal AHLs, N-butanoylhomoserine lactone (C4-HSL)... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A [2+2]-cycloaddition is a 4 electron process that brings together two components. Thus, by the above general WH rules, it is only allowed if the reaction is antarafacial with respect to exactly one component. This is the same conclusion reached with correlation diagrams in the section above.
A rare but stereochemica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The scholarship surrounding Mosul Metalwork has been ongoing for a very long time, since it became the first Islamic objects dart studied in Europe, due to its early arrival on the continent. The diverse opinions on what constitutes as Mosul Metalwork arise due to the styles dispersion across lands and through the comp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Light from the Sun hitting lunar dust causes it to become positively charged from the photoelectric effect. The charged dust then repels itself and lifts off the surface of the Moon by electrostatic levitation. This manifests itself almost like an "atmosphere of dust", visible as a thin haze and blurring of distant fea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anaerobic oxidation of iron and steel commonly finds place in oxygen-depleted environments, such as in permanently water-saturated soils, peat bogs or wetlands in which archaeological iron artefacts are often found.
Anaerobic oxidation of carbon steel of canisters and overpacks is also expected to occur in deep geologi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioluminescent bacteria are most abundant in marine environments during spring blooms when there are high nutrient concentrations. These light-emitting organisms are found mainly in coastal waters near the outflow of rivers, such as the northern Adriatic Sea, Gulf of Trieste, northwestern part of the Caspian Sea, coast... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first true chromatography is usually attributed to the Russian-Italian botanist Mikhail Tsvet. Tsvet applied his observations with filter paper extraction to the new methods of column fractionation that had been developed in the 1890s for separating the components of petroleum. He used a liquid-adsorption column c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In his inaugural lecture as professor of chemistry at University College London, Nyholm spoke of his concern for the teaching of chemistry. In 1957 Nyholm organized the first of an annual series of Summer Schools at University College on new aspects of chemical knowledge and theory, and demonstrations of new equipment.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NPP catalyses the nucleophilic substitution of one ester bond on a phosphodiester substrate. It has a nucleoside binding pocket that excludes phospholipid substrates from the active site. A threonine nucleophile has been identified through site-directed mutagenesis, and the reaction inverts the stereochemistry of the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organometallic chemistry, palladium-NHC complexes are a family of organopalladium compounds in which palladium forms a coordination complex with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). They have been investigated for applications in homogeneous catalysis,
particularly cross-coupling reactions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alternatives for normally occupied areas include (PFC-410 or CEA-410), CF (PFC-218 or CEA-308), HCFC Blend A (NAF S-III), HFC-23 (FE 13), HFC-227ea (FM 200), IG-01 (argon), IG-55 (argonite), HFC-125, or HFC-134a. For normally unoccupied areas, the alternatives include carbon dioxide, powdered Aerosol C, CFI, HCFC-22, H... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Artificial seawater (abbreviated ASW) is a mixture of dissolved mineral salts (and sometimes vitamins) that simulates seawater. Artificial seawater is primarily used in marine biology and in marine and reef aquaria, and allows the easy preparation of media appropriate for marine organisms (including algae, bacteria, pl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Seraj has established a well-equipped plant biotechnology laboratory at the University of Dhaka. She has been a co-principal investigator in several projects, such as the Generation Challenge Program (GCP)—an initiative to use molecular biology to help boost agricultural production.
Seraj has not only worked on fine ma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Before introduction of platinum catalysts by Speier, hydrosilylation was not practiced widely. A peroxide-catalyzed process was reported in academic literature in 1947, but the introduction of Speier's catalyst (HPtCl) was a big breakthrough.
Karstedts catalyst was later introduced. It is a lipophilic complex that is s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The NCI, headed by Dr. John R. Heller Jr., lobbied the United States Congress for financial support for second-generation chemotherapy research. In response, Congress created a Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center (CCNSC) at the NCI in 1955. This was the first federal programme to promote drug discovery for can... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Semiconductor detectors, also called solid-state detectors, are fundamentally different from scintillation detectors: They rely on detection of the charge carriers (electrons and holes) generated in semiconductors by energy deposited by gamma ray photons.
In semiconductor detectors, an electric field is applied to the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most of the iron in the body is hoarded and recycled by the reticuloendothelial system, which breaks down aged red blood cells. In contrast to iron uptake and recycling, there is no physiologic regulatory mechanism for excreting iron. People lose a small but steady amount by gastrointestinal blood loss, sweating and by... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Lamberhurst Foundry is believed to have been the maker in 1710–14 of some of the earliest cast-iron railings produced in England, which they made for St Paul's Cathedral, despite the objections of Christopher Wren, who did not want a fence around the Cathedral at all, and said that if there had to be one it should ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Chapman approach has been applied in a variety of ways since its original report, varying substrates, oxidants, and other aspects (and so synthesis of carpanone has subsequently been achieved by "quite a few research groups"); the actual mechanism of Pd(II) action is likely more complex than the original conjecture... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The US Food and Drug Administration issued a Premarket Submission and Labeling Recommendations for Drugs of Abuse Screening Tests. Its availability was announced in the Federal Register, Vol. 68, No. 231 on December 2, 2003 and is listed under "Notices." Presumptive testing has found widespread use by employers and pub... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) is a scientific instrument which measures the interaction force of two surfaces as they are brought together and retracted using multiple beam interferometry to monitor surface separation and directly measure contact area and observe any surface deformations occurring in the contact zo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Oxime compounds are used as antidotes for nerve agents. A nerve agent inactivates acetylcholinesterase by phosphorylation. Oxime compounds can reactivate acetylcholinesterase by attaching to phosphorus, forming an oxime-phosphonate, which then splits away from the acetylcholinesterase molecule. Oxime nerve-agent anti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The somatic fusion process occurs in four steps:
# The removal of the cell wall of one cell of each type of plant using cellulase enzyme to produce a somatic cell called a protoplast
# The cells are then fused using electric shock (electrofusion) or chemical treatment to join the cells and fuse together the nuclei.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Evidence from an expert who has compared DNA samples must be accompanied by evidence as to the sources of the samples and the procedures for obtaining the DNA profiles. The judge must ensure that the jury must understand the significance of DNA matches and mismatches in the profiles. The judge must also ensure that the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is important to consider the downstream applications of the plasmid DNA when choosing a purification method. For example, if the plasmid is to be used for transfection or electroporation, a purification method that results in high purity and low endotoxin levels is desirable. Similarly, if the plasmid is to be used ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Near the corner, the flow can be assumed to be Stokes flow. Describing the two-dimensional planar problem by the cylindrical coordinates with velocity components defined by a stream function such that
the governing equation can be shown to be simply the biharmonic equation . The equation has to be solved with homogen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
is a Japanese chemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001, Noyori shared a half of the prize with William S. Knowles for the study of chirally catalyzed hydrogenations; the second half of the prize went to K. Barry Sharpless for his study in chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions (Sharpless epoxidation). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Raw water (untreated) is from a surface water source (such as an intake on a lake or a river) or from a groundwater source (such as a water well drawing from an underground aquifer) within the watershed that provides the water resource.
The raw water is transferred to the water purification facilities using uncovered a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanocomposite hydrogels are observed to be temperature sensitive and will change temperature when their surrounding is altered. Inorganic salts, when absorbed, will result in changing the hydrogels to a lower temperature whereas cat-ionic surfactant will shift the temperature the other way. The temperature of these hyd... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the iron–carbon system (i.e. plain-carbon steels and cast irons) it is a common constituent because ferrite can contain at most 0.02wt% of uncombined carbon. Therefore, in carbon steels and cast irons that are slowly cooled, a portion of the carbon is in the form of cementite. Cementite forms directly from the melt ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mach number, a useful quantity in aerodynamics, is the ratio of air speed to the local speed of sound. At altitude, for reasons explained, Mach number is a function of temperature.
Aircraft flight instruments, however, operate using pressure differential to compute Mach number, not temperature. The assumption is that a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Chesapeake Bay forms a link in the Intracoastal Waterway, of the bays, sounds and inlets between the off-shore barrier islands and the coastal mainland along the Atlantic coast connecting the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal (linking the Bay to the north and the Delaware River) with the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project) is an international non-profit organisation based in the United Kingdom, Japan, India, China, Germany, Brazil and the United States that helps companies, cities, states, regions and public authorities disclose their environmental impact. It aims to make environmental rep... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Multiple bismuth-containing clusters were reported, some of them synthesized through carbon monoxide ligand loss from the previously reported bismuth complexes. Strained cluster complexes with monodentate as well as bridging carbon monoxide units have also been isolated, such as [{Cp(μ-CO)Fe}(μ-Bi)] and [(µ-Bi)Co(CO)(µ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dynabeads are superparamagnetic spherical polymer particles with a uniform size and a consistent, defined surface for the adsorption or coupling of various bioreactive molecules or cells. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In carbon fixation, plants convert carbon dioxide into sugars, from which many biosynthetic pathways originate. The catalyst responsible for this conversion, RuBisCO, is the most common protein. Some anaerobic organisms employ enzymes to convert CO to carbon monoxide, from which fatty acids can be made.
In industry, a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One variation is called the decarboxylative A coupling. In this reaction the amine is replaced by an amino acid. The imine can isomerise and the alkyne group is placed at the other available nitrogen alpha position. This reaction requires a copper catalyst. The redox A coupling has the same product outcome but the reac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mechanically, NbSn is extremely brittle and thus cannot be easily drawn into a wire, which is necessary for winding superconducting magnets. To overcome this, wire manufacturers typically draw down composite wires containing ductile precursors. The "internal tin" process includes separate alloys of Nb, Cu and Sn. The... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A natural product is a natural compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature. In the broadest sense, natural products include any substance produced by life. Natural products can also be prepared by chemical synthesis (both semisynthesis and total synthesis) and have played a central role... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biochemistry, dephosphorylation is the removal of a phosphate (PO) group from an organic compound by hydrolysis. It is a reversible post-translational modification. Dephosphorylation and its counterpart, phosphorylation, activate and deactivate enzymes by detaching or attaching phosphoric esters and anhydrides. A n... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element or an isotope into another chemical element. Nuclear transmutation occurs in any process where the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is changed.
A transmutation can be achieved either by nuclear reactions (in which an outside particle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ultraviolet disinfection of water is a purely physical, chemical-free process. Even parasites such as Cryptosporidium or Giardia, which are extremely resistant to chemical disinfectants, are efficiently reduced. UV can also be used to remove chlorine and chloramine species from water; this process is called photolysis,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry and thermodynamics, the enthalpy of neutralization () is the change in enthalpy that occurs when one equivalent of an acid and a base undergo a neutralization reaction to form water and a salt. It is a special case of the enthalpy of reaction. It is defined as the energy released with the formation of 1 mo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are various forms of mutations that can occur in coding regions. One form is silent mutations, in which a change in nucleotides does not result in any change in amino acid after transcription and translation. There also exist nonsense mutations, where base alterations in the coding region code for a premature sto... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The effect was described by Louis Pasteur in 1857 in experiments showing that aeration of yeasted broth causes cell growth to increase while the fermentation rate decreases, based on lowered ethanol production. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The gallbladder is a hollow part of the biliary tract that sits just beneath the liver, with the gallbladder body resting in a small depression. It is a small organ where the bile produced by the liver is stored, before being released into the small intestine. Bile flows from the liver through the bile ducts and into t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nanoscale iron can be directly into the subsurface because they are small enough to be distributed thoroughly. Because the particles are so small, they have a comparatively large reactive surface, providing a more effective reaction. As of now, nanoscale iron is the only material that has been used with this injection ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) were first reported by Kathleen Sakamoto, Craig Crews, and Raymond Deshaies in 2001. A chimeric molecule consisting of ovalicin (a MetAP-2 small molecule inhibitor) and IκBα phosphopeptide (a recruiter of the SCFβ-TRCP E3 ligase complex) separated by a linker was constructed and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Before his famous doctoral studies on magnetism, he designed and perfected an extremely sensitive torsion balance for measuring magnetic coefficients. Variations on this equipment were commonly used by future workers in that area. Pierre Curie studied ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and diamagnetism for his doctoral the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The main application of DVS is to measure water sorption isotherms. In general, a vapor sorption isotherm shows the equilibrium amount of vapor sorbed as a function of steady state relative vapor pressure at a constant temperature. For water sorption isotherms, water-relative vapor pressure is more commonly expressed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Copper has played a role in architecture for thousands of years. For example, in ancient Egypt, massive doors to the temple of Amen-Re at Karnak were clad with copper. In the 3rd Century B.C., copper roof shingles were installed atop of the Lowa Maha Paya Temple in Sri Lanka. And the Romans used copper as roof covering... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The 2nd group of anions consist of Cl, Br, I, NO and CO. The group reagent for Group 2 anion is concentrated sulfuric acid (HSO).
After addition of the acid, chlorides, bromides and iodides will form precipitates with silver nitrate. The precipitates are white, pale yellow, and yellow, respectively. The silver halides ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Contraindications include:
* Pregnancy
* Impaired renal and liver function
* Patients with a history of angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor
* Hypersensitivity to Quinapril | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Karl Söllner (9 January 1903 – 14 June 1986) was an Austrian-American chemist, primarily active in the field of physical chemistry and biophysics. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
N-Arylcinnamides have emerged as potent and important class of TRPV1 antagonists, Compound SB-366791, (fig. 6a) shows competitive and specific activity in both human and rat TRPV1 receptors overall profile of receptor selectivity much better than that of capsazepine.
Within this series of compounds, AMG-9810 (fig. 6b) ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Supercritical liquid–gas boundaries are lines in the pressure-temperature (pT) diagram that delimit more liquid-like and more gas-like states of a supercritical fluid. They comprise the Fisher–Widom line, the Widom line, and the Frenkel line. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The problem on the whole is similar to the one dimensional heat conduction problem. Hence a self-similar variable can be introduced
Substituting this the partial differential equation, reduces it to ordinary differential equation
with boundary conditions
The solution to the above problem can be written in terms of com... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In addition to monitoring oil contamination and wear metals, modern usage of OA includes the analysis of the additives in oils to determine if an extended drain interval may be used. Maintenance costs can be reduced using OA to determine the remaining useful life of additives in the oil. By comparing the OA results of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Repellents generally work by taking advantage of an animal's natural aversion to something, and often the thing chosen is something that the animal has learned to avoid (or instinctively avoids) in its natural environment.
Chemical repellents fall into two main categories, odor and taste. The former work better in the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Further progress in studies of atomic structure was in tight connection with the advance to shorter wavelength in EUV region. Millikan, Sawyer, Bowen used electric discharges in vacuum to observe some emission spectral lines down to 13 nm they prescribed to stripped atoms. In 1927 Osgood and Hoag reported on grazing in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first step in photosynthesis is the light-driven reduction (splitting) of water to provide the electrons for the photosynthetic electron transport chains as well as protons for the establishment of a proton gradient. The water-splitting reaction occurs on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane and is driven by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Asymmetric induction (also enantioinduction) describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment. Asymmetric induction is a key element in asymmetric s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In most cases the fractionation of polymers on a preparative scale is based on chromatographic methods (e.g. preparative SEC or Baker-Williams fractionation). Therefore, the production is normally limited to few grams only. For large scales of several grams up to kg or even tons the “continuous spin fractionation” can ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FRET can be used to observe membrane fluidity, movement and dispersal of membrane proteins, membrane lipid-protein and protein-protein interactions, and successful mixing of different membranes. FRET is also used to study formation and properties of membrane domains and lipid rafts in cell membranes and to determine su... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zero-order ultrasensitivity was first described by Albert Goldbeter and Daniel Koshland, Jr in 1981 in a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. They showed using mathematical modeling that modification of enzymes operating outside of first order kinetics required only small changes in the concen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An acoustic slowness surface can be determined for each pixel by propagating the acoustic wave in several directions. Having measured the SAW velocity in multiple directions the challenge is then to convert this information into the measurement of crystallographic orientation. The direct calculation of the orientation ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In microbiology, methyl red is used in the methyl red test (MR test), used to identify bacteria producing stable acids by mechanisms of mixed acid fermentation of glucose (cf. Voges–Proskauer test).
The MR test, the "M" portion of the four IMViC tests, is used to identify enteric bacteria based on their pattern of gluc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Influenza A is involved in most strains of the flu. It is an enveloped RNA virus. It has a protein membrane containing the glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) which are used by the virus to enter a host cell and to release itself and its copies from the host cell. Each strain of the influenza virus ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The production of bottromycin by S. bottropensis and S. scabies, as well as the production of a bottromycin analog termed bottromycin D, has been studied. It was independently confirmed in 2012 by multiple groups that bottromycin is produced as a ribosomal peptide natural product that it subsequently post-translational... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the presence of a non-competitive inhibitor, the apparent enzyme affinity is equivalent to the actual affinity. In terms of Michaelis-Menten kinetics, K = K. This can be seen as a consequence of Le Chatelier's principle because the inhibitor binds to both the enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex equally so that t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1956, C. Gordon Zubrod, who had formerly led the development of antimalarial agents for the United States Army, took over the Division of Cancer Treatment of the NCI and guided development of new drugs. In the two decades that followed the establishment of the NCCSC, a large network of cooperative clinical trial gro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood. Water content is used in a wide range of scientific and technical areas, and is expressed as a ratio, which can range from 0 (completely dry) to the value of the mater... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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