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* Indistinguishable Particles
where N is number of particles, h is Plancks constant, I is moment of inertia, and Z' is the partition function, in various forms: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prepainted metal is used in a variety of products. It can be formed for many different applications, including those with T bends, without loss of coating quality. Major industries use prepainted metal in products such as building panels, metal roofs wall panels, garage doors, office furniture (desks, cubicle divider... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nitrogenous compounds have a variety of sources including washout of oxides of nitrogen from the atmosphere, some geological inputs and some from macrophyte and algal nitrogen fixation. However, for many rivers in the proximity of humans, the largest input is from sewage whether treated or untreated. The nitrogen deriv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, chromism is a process that induces a change, often reversible, in the colors of compounds. In most cases, chromism is based on a change in the electron states of molecules, especially the π- or d-electron state, so this phenomenon is induced by various external stimuli which can alter the electron density... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is a suitable discharge option for cakes that are thin and have the tendency to stick with one another. Filter cakes on the drum and discharged roll are pressed against one another to ensure that the thin filter cake is peeled or pulled from the drum. Removal of solids from the discharge roll is done via a knife bla... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the interfacial areas are large, the amount of surfactant at the interface cannot be neglected. If, for example, air bubbles are introduced into a solution of a surfactant above CMC, these bubbles, as they rise to the surface, remove surfactants from the bulk to the top of the solution creating a foam column and t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trithiophosphate is the anion [POS], which has C symmetry. Tetrathiophosphate is the anion [PS], which has T symmetry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stable stratifications can become unstable if layers change density. This can happen due to outside influences (for instance, if water evaporates from a freshwater lens, making it saltier and denser, or if a pot or layered beverage is heated from below, making the bottom layer less dense). However, it can also happen d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Observing that microarrays spotted with single molecules did not work well for large genomic DNA molecules, microfluidic devices using soft lithography possessing a series of parallel microchannels were developed. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most aquatic habitats are occupied by fish or other animals requiring certain minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations to survive. Dissolved oxygen concentrations may be measured directly in wastewater, but the amount of oxygen potentially required by other chemicals in the wastewater is termed as oxygen demand. Dissolv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
HOCPCA (3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid) is a compound with an affinity for the GHB receptor 39 times greater than that of GHB itself. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MMC can be classified into physical MMC and chemical MMC. In the former method, the stationary phase is constructed of two or more types of packing materials. In the chemical method, just one type of packing material containing two or more functionalities is used. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In geology, solid-state recrystallization is a metamorphic process that occurs under high temperatures and pressures where atoms of minerals are reorganized by diffusion and/or dislocation glide. During this process, the physical structure of the minerals is altered while the composition remains unchanged. This is in c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Samarium(II) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula SmI. When employed as a solution for organic synthesis, it is known as Kagan's reagent. SmI is a green solid and forms a dark blue solution in THF. It is a strong one-electron reducing agent that is used in organic synthesis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gold clusters in cluster chemistry can be either discrete molecules or larger colloidal particles. Both types are described as nanoparticles, with diameters of less than one micrometer. A nanocluster is a collective group made up of a specific number of atoms or molecules held together by some interaction mechanism. G... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vibrational transitions and optical phonon transitions take place in the infrared part of the spectrum, at wavelengths of around 1-30 micrometres. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Standalone fans are usually powered by an electric motor, often attached directly to the motors output, with no gears or belts. The motor is either hidden in the fans center hub or extends behind it. For big industrial fans, three-phase asynchronous motors are commonly used, may be placed near the fan, and drive it thr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
René Descartes (1596–1650) "mechanical" philosophy of corpuscularism had much in common with atomism, and is considered, in some senses, to be a different version of it. Descartes thought everything physical in the universe to be made of tiny vortices of matter. Like the ancient atomists, Descartes claimed that ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
EXPOSE has several objectives, specific to each experiments, but all linked to the astrobiology domain. Their collective objective is to better understand the nature and evolution of organic matter present in extraterrestrial environments and their potential implications in astrobiology. These experiments mostly study ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PA 11 is a biopolymer derived from natural oil. It is also known under the tradename Rilsan B, commercialized by Arkema. PA 11 belongs to the technical polymers family and is not biodegradable. Its properties are similar to those of PA 12, although emissions of greenhouse gases and consumption of nonrenewable resources... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While internal waves of higher magnitudes will often break after crossing over the shelf break, smaller trains will proceed across the shelf unbroken. At low wind speeds these internal waves are evidenced by the formation of wide surface slicks, oriented parallel to the bottom topography, which progress shoreward with ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Traditional and presently most widespread categorisation of pure working fluids was first used by H. Tabor et al. and O. Badr et al. dating back to the 60s. This three-class classification system sorts pure working fluids into three categories. The base of the classification is the shape of the saturation vapour curve ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The large kiln at Crindledykes near Haydon Bridge, Northumbria, was one of more than 300 in the county. It was unique to the area in having four draw arches to a single pot. As production was cut back, the two side arches were blocked up, but were restored in 1989 by English Heritage.
The development of the national ra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2000, the European Union (EU) enacted similar legislation, Regulation(EC) No 141/2000, which refers to drugs developed to treat rare diseases to as "orphan medicinal products". The EUs definition of an orphan condition is broader than that of the US, in that it also covers some tropical diseases that are primarily f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Geranylfarnesyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate used by organisms in the biosynthesis of sesterterpenoids. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In froth flotation, the crushed ore is wetted, suspended in a slurry, and mixed with reagents that render the sulfide particles hydrophobic. Typical reagents ("collectors") include potassium ethylxanthate and sodium ethylxanthate, but dithiophosphates and dithiocarbamates are also used. The slurry is introduced to a wa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The yeast homing endonuclease PI-Sce is a LAGLIDADG-type endonuclease encoded as an intein that splices itself out of another protein (). The high-resolution structure reveals two domains: an endonucleolytic centre resembling the C-terminal domain of Hedgehog proteins, and a Hint domain (Hedgehog/Intein) containing the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some Zintl ions show the ability to activate small molecules. One example from Dehnen and coworkers is the capture of O by the intermetallic cluster [Bi{Ru(cod)}]. Another ruthenium intertermetallic cluster, [Ru@Sn], was used as a precursor to selectively disperse the CO hydrogenation catalyst Ru-SnOx onto CeO, resulti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To generate an initial state for the prognostic model, a diagnostic model (Kunz, R., 1991) is applied using measured temperature and wind data. Both data can be provided as:
* surface measurements i.e. single measurements directly above the surface (not necessary)
* upper air soundings (i.e., soundings that consist of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A swale is a shady spot, or a sunken or marshy place. In US usage in particular, it is a shallow channel with gently sloping sides. Such a swale may be either natural or human-made. Artificial swales are often infiltration basins, designed to manage water runoff, filter pollutants, and increase rainwater infiltration.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A flow battery is a rechargeable fuel cell in which an electrolyte containing one or more dissolved electroactive elements flows through an electrochemical cell that reversibly converts chemical energy directly to electricity. Electroactive elements are "elements in solution that can take part in an electrode reaction ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CDPs climate change program aims to reduce companies greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change risk. CDP requests information on climate risks and low carbon opportunities from the world's largest companies on behalf of over 800 institutional investor signatories with a combined US$100 trillion in assets. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The equation for converting Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) to DLI, assuming constant PPFD, is below. </blockquote>whereLight-hours is the number of hours in a day active photons are delivered to the target area, measured in hours.
Note that the factor 3.6·10 is due to the conversion factors coming from μmol ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Green engineering approaches the design of products and processes by applying financially and technologically feasible principles to achieve one or more of the following goals: (1) decrease in the amount of pollution that is generated by a construction or operation of a facility, (2) minimization of human population ex... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After comparing the metabolic responses between oat plants under an average light intensity to that of oat plants under extreme light intensity, Quiles noted that the amount of PS II produced was of a lower amount in the leaves that underwent chlororespiration in extreme light. Whereas higher levels of PS II were yield... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to get more reasonable values for the nuclear masses in the liquid drop model, it is necessary to include shell effects. Soviet physicist Vilen Strutinsky proposed such a method using "shell correction" and corrections for nuclear pairing to the liquid drop model. In this method, the total energy of the nucleu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GGT is expressed in high levels in many different tumors. It is known to accelerate tumor growth and to increase resistance to cisplatin in tumors. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In coordination chemistry, hapticity is the coordination of a ligand to a metal center via an uninterrupted and contiguous series of atoms. The hapticity of a ligand is described with the Greek letter η (eta). For example, η describes a ligand that coordinates through 2 contiguous atoms. In general the η-notation only... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Lorentz force, named after Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz, for a charged particle q is given (in SI units) by the equation:
where qE describes the electric force due to a present electric field,E, acting on q.
<br>And qv x B describes the magnetic force due to a present magnetic field, B, acting on q when q is mov... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Common nomenclature uses the older names for some organic compounds instead of using the prefixes for the carbon skeleton above. The pattern can be seen below. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Suksin Lee (; 6 October 1896/7 – 12 December 1944) was a Korean biochemist and physician. He is considered a pioneer of biochemistry in Korea, having been the first Korean to obtain a Ph.D. and to hold a full-time professorship in that field. His studies of glucose metabolism and the chemical composition of common fo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
: The commonly used markers include simple sequence repeats (or microsatellites), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The process of identification of plant genotypes is known as genotyping.
Another area that is developing is genotyping by sequencing. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Joule–Thomson coefficient, , is of practical importance because the two end states of a throttling process () lie on a constant enthalpy curve. Although ideal gases, for which , do not change temperature in such a process, real gases do, and it is important in applications to know whether they heat up or cool down.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Low-expansion foams, such as aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs), have an expansion ratio of less than 20, are low-viscosity, mobile, and can quickly cover large areas.
* Medium-expansion foams have an expansion ratio of 20–200.
* High-expansion foams have an expansion ratio over 200–1000 and are suitable for enclosed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Under certain conditions for some electrochemical cells, especially if they use an aqueous electrolyte, hydrogen ions can be converted into hydrogen atoms and H molecules. In the extreme case, bubbles of hydrogen gas might appear at one of the electrodes. If such a layer of hydrogen or even H gas bubbles appear on the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Evapoporometry has the significant advantage of requiring only a lab scale, 2-propanol (or another wetting fluid), and a cell in which to contain the sample and 2-propanol. The sample is immersed for some time in 2-propanol prior to measurement to ensure saturation of pores, and is then placed into the cell in an analy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This way compares with to compare the effects of the imposed the change with and without moderation. The protocol prevents moderation by enforcing that through an adjustment and it observes the no-moderation response Provided that the observed response is indeed that then the principle states that .
In other w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1794, Anders Gustav Ekeberg began teaching at Uppsala. He was a supporter of Antoine Lavoisier's proposals for systematizing chemical nomenclature. In 1795 he and Pehr von Afzelius published the first article to introduce the modern names for chemical elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen into the Swedish ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) also known as protein kinase PKK2 or sugen kinase 288 (SgK288) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ANKK1 gene. The ANKK1 is a member of an extensive family of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and protein kinase superfamily involved in signal transducti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Emulsion stability refers to the ability of an emulsion to resist change in its properties over time. There are four types of instability in emulsions: flocculation, coalescence, creaming/sedimentation, and Ostwald ripening. Flocculation occurs when there is an attractive force between the droplets, so they form flocs,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are two different droplet collection schemes: the centrifugal approach and the linear collection scheme. The linear collector is considered to be simpler, more reliable and lighter.
Several different LDR configurations have been proposed and evaluated.
*The spiral LDR employs a generator and collector which rotat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Organ printing technology can also be combined with microfluidic technology to develop organs-on-chips. These organs-on-chips have the potential to be used for disease models, aiding in drug discovery, and performing high-throughput assays. Organ-on-chips work by providing a 3D model that imitates the natural extracell... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Going back to Formula 2, calculation of the thermal contact conductance may prove difficult, even impossible, due to the difficulty in measuring the contact area, (A product of surface characteristics, as explained earlier). Because of this, contact conductance/resistance is usually found experimentally, by using a st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycans, or polysaccharides, are instrumental in many facets of biology, from decorations on cell membranes being involved in cell signaling and interaction to post-translational modifications on proteins warranting function. Yet even though sugars are the most abundant class of organic molecules found on earth, the st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hyperthecosis, or ovarian hyperthecosis, is hyperplasia of the theca interna of the ovary. Hyperthecosis occurs when an area of luteinization occurs along with stromal hyperplasia. The luteinized cells produce androgens, which may lead to hirsutism and virilization (or masculinization) in affected women.
The term hyper... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The second description of the flow field state within the pipe is the turbulence intensity. According to an experiment in 1994, the metering errors may exist even when the velocity flow profile is fully developed with perfect pipe flow conditions. Conversely, it was found zero metering error at times when the velocity ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Majeed returned to Pakistan in 1974 after India had conducted a surprise nuclear test, codenamed "Pokhran-I". At the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH) he was assigned to the Nuclear Chemistry Division led by Iqbal Hussain Qureshi. In 1974, Majeed was a part of Munir Ahmad Khans team that h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the simplest case, one considers a two-layer fluid in which a slab of fluid with uniform density overlies a slab of fluid with uniform density . Arbitrarily the interface between the two layers is taken to be situated at The fluid in the upper and lower layers are assumed to be irrotational. So the velocity in eac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In acidic medium, H ions and water are added to balance each half-reaction.
For example, when manganese reacts with sodium bismuthate.
:Unbalanced reaction: Mn + NaBiO → Bi +
:Oxidation: 4 HO + Mn → + 8 H + 5 e
:Reduction: 2 e + 6 H + → Bi + 3 HO
Finally, the reaction is balanced by multiplying the stoichiometric co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Halothane was first synthesized by C. W. Suckling of Imperial Chemical Industries in 1951 at the ICI Widnes Laboratory and was first used clinically by M. Johnstone in Manchester in 1956. Initially, many pharmacologists and anaesthesiologists had doubts about the safety and efficacy of the new drug. But halothane, whic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A rudimentary understanding of muscle tissue began to develop as early as 1835, when embryonic myogenesis was first described. In the 1860s, it was shown that muscle is capable of regeneration and an experimental regeneration was conducted to better understand the specific method by which this was done in vivo. Followi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first step in understanding the chemistry of freshwater is to establish the relevant concentrations of the parameters of interest. Conventionally this is done by taking representative samples of the water for subsequent analysis in a laboratory. However, in-situ monitoring using hand-held analytical equipment or us... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Superfluid is the state of matter that exhibits frictionless flow, zero viscosity, also known as inviscid flow.
To date, helium is the only fluid to exhibit superfluidity that has been discovered. Helium-4 becomes a superfluid once it is cooled to below 2.2K, a point known as the lambda point. At temperatures above the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Caesium-137, along with other radioactive isotopes caesium-134, iodine-131, xenon-133, and strontium-90, were released into the environment during nearly all nuclear weapon tests and some nuclear accidents, most notably the Chernobyl disaster and the Fukushima Daiichi disaster.
Caesium-137 in the environment is substan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Assess kidney function before and during treatment where appropriate.
*Renovascular hypertension
*Surgery/anesthesia
*An analysis on the PROGRESS trial showed that perindopril has key benefits in reducing cardiovascular events by 30% in patients with chronic kidney disease defined as a CrCl <60ml/min. A 2016 and 2017 ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Switzerland built an extensive network of fallout shelters, not only through extra hardening of government buildings such as schools, but also through a building regulation requiring nuclear shelters in residential buildings since the 1960s (the first legal basis in this sense dates from 4 October 1963). Later, the law... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
with:
*σ is surface tension of the mixture
*σ is surface tension of pure water
*a is component specific constant (see table below)
*x is mole fraction of the solvated component
The equation can be rearranged to be explicit in a:
This allows the direct calculation of that component specific parameter a from experimenta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Empirical correlations are simple mathematical expressions intended to approximate a liquid's properties over a range of experimental conditions, such as varying temperature and pressure. They are constructed by fitting simple functional forms to experimental data. For example, the temperature-dependence of liquid visc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During his years working as a physician Michaelis a friend (Peter Rona) built a compact lab, in the hospital, and over the course of five years – Michaelis successfully became published over 100 times. During his research in the hospital, he was the first to view the different types of inhibition; specifically using f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most of the air—including ~88% of the CO—is located in the lower part of the atmosphere known as troposphere. The troposphere is thicker in the equator and thinner at the poles, but the global mean of its thickness is around 11 km.
Inside the troposphere, the temperature drops approximately linearly at a rate of 6.5 Ce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first attempt for the total synthesis of hydrastine was reported by Sir Robert Robinson and co-workers in 1931. Following studies where the synthesis of the key lactonic amide intermediate (structure 4 in figure) was the most troublesome, the major breakthrough was achieved in 1981 when J. R. Falck and co-workers r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cryobiology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering cryobiology. It was established in 1964 and is published by Elsevier on behalf of the Society for Cryobiology, of which it is the official journal. The editor-in-chief is D.M. Rawson (University of Bedfordshire). According to the Journal Citation Repo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In principle, full genome sequencing can provide the raw nucleotide sequence of an individual organism's DNA at a single point in time. However, further analysis must be performed to provide the biological or medical meaning of this sequence, such as how this knowledge can be used to help prevent disease. Methods for a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the Hunsdiecker reaction, carboxylic acids are converted to organic halide, whose carbon chain is shortened by one carbon atom with respect to the carbon chain of the particular carboxylic acid. The carboxylic acid is first converted to its silver salt, which is then oxidized with halogen:
Many organometallic compou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a consequence of low receptivity, C NMR spectroscopy suffers from complications not encountered in proton NMR spectroscopy. Many measures can be implemented to compensate for the low receptivity of this nucleus. For example, high field magnets with internal bores are capable of accepting larger sample tubes (typic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been widely used for measuring protein adsorption with high sensitivity. This technique is based on the excitation of surface plasmons, longitudinal electromagnetic waves originated at the interface between metals and dielectrics. The deposition on the conducting surface of molecules... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In an open system, there is an exchange of energy and matter between the system and the surroundings. The presence of reactants in an open beaker is an example of an open system. Here the boundary is an imaginary surface enclosing the beaker and reactants. It is named closed, if borders are impenetrable for substance, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Based on the IUPAC definition, radical polymerization is a chain polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are radicals. Usually, the growing chain end bears an unpaired electron. Free radicals can be initiated by many methods such as heating, redox reactions, ultraviolet radiation, high energy irradiation, el... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In information theory, the Kraft–McMillan theorem establishes that any directly decodable coding scheme for coding a message to identify one value out of a set of possibilities can be seen as representing an implicit probability distribution over , where is the length of the code for in bits. Therefore, relative e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
We will consider the fundamentals of the MUSCL scheme by considering the following simple first-order, scalar, 1D system, which is assumed to have a wave propagating in the positive direction,
Where represents a state variable and represents a flux variable.
The basic scheme of Godunov uses piecewise constant approxi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electromigration decreases the reliability of integrated circuits (ICs). It can cause the eventual loss of connections or failure of a circuit. Since reliability is critically important for space travel, military purposes, anti-lock braking systems, medical equipment like Automated External Defibrillators and is even i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Calmodulin is a small, highly conserved protein that is 148 amino acids long (16.7 kDa). The protein has two approximately symmetrical globular domains (the N- and C- domains) each containing a pair of EF hand motifs separated by a flexible linker region for a total of four Ca binding sites, two in each globular domain... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes, most known deoxyribozyme sequences have been discovered through a high-throughput in vitro selection technique, similar to SELEX.
in vitro selection utilizes a "pool" of a large number of random DNA sequences (typically 10–10 unique strands) that can be scr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Marco Fontani (born 5 May 1969 in Florence) is a chemist and chemistry historian, author of over 120 publications in materials chemistry, organometallic chemistry, electrochemistry and the history of chemistry. He is also a member of the board of directors of the Italian National Society of History of Chemistry (Gruppo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The gradient of the line between any two points on a Frost diagram gives the potential for the reaction. A species that lies in a peak, above the gradient of the two points on either side, denotes a species unstable with respect to disproportionation, and a point that falls below the gradient of the line joining its tw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Honorary Membership of the Czech Society for Mass Spectrometry; Lifetime Achievement Award in Chromatography by the LC-GC Magazine, Europe; Giorgio Nota Award, Italian Chemical Society; Heyrovsky Medal in Chemical Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In astrophysics and nuclear physics, nuclear pasta is a theoretical type of degenerate matter that is postulated to exist within the crusts of neutron stars. If it exists, nuclear pasta would be the strongest material in the universe. Between the surface of a neutron star and the quark–gluon plasma at the core, at matt... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The solidifying behavior depends on the alloy composition. Pure metals solidify at a certain temperature, forming crystals of one phase. Eutectic alloys also solidify at a single temperature, all components precipitating simultaneously in so-called coupled growth. Non-eutectic compositions on cooling start to first pre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A calculation of the β emission decay rate is quite different from a calculation of α decay. In α decay the nucleons of the original nucleus are used to form the final state α particle (He). In β decay the β and neutrino particles are the result of a nucleon transformation into its isospin complement ( or ). Below i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Support for the Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (BCSJ) began in 1926. Other publications of the society include:
* Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry
* Chemistry Letters | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hexahydrate consists of octahedral cation centers and chloride anions () as counterions. Hydrogen bonds link the cation and anions.
The hydrated form of aluminium chloride has an octahedral molecular geometry, with the central aluminium ion surrounded by six water ligand molecules. Being coordinatively saturated, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Controversy about, and shortages of, injected HCG for weight loss have led to substantial Internet promotion of "homeopathic HCG" for weight control. The ingredients in these products are often obscure, but if prepared from true HCG via homeopathic dilution, they contain either no HCG at all or only trace amounts. More... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Buchner–Curtius–Schlotterbeck reaction is the reaction of aldehydes or ketones with aliphatic diazoalkanes to form homologated ketones. It was first described by Eduard Buchner and Theodor Curtius in 1885 and later by Fritz Schlotterbeck in 1907. Two German chemists also preceded Schlotterbeck in discovery of the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Superhydrophobic coatings can be made from many different materials. The following are known possible bases for the coating:
* Manganese oxide polystyrene (MnO/PS) nano-composite
* Zinc oxide polystyrene (ZnO/PS) nano-composite
* Precipitated calcium carbonate
* Carbon nano-tube structures
* Silica nano-coating
* Fluo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A way to experimentally determine wetting is to look at the contact angle (), which is the angle connecting the solid–liquid interface and the liquid–gas interface (as in the figure).
: If , the liquid completely wets the substrate.
: If , high wetting occurs.
: If , low wetting occurs.
: If , the liquid does not wet t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wayne Campbell at Massey University, New Zealand, has experimented with a wide variety of organic dyes based on porphyrin. In nature, porphyrin is the basic building block of the hemoproteins, which include chlorophyll in plants and hemoglobin in animals. He reports efficiency on the order of 5.6% using these low-cost ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pipe cutting or pipe profiling is a mechanized industrial process that removes material from pipe or tubing to create a desired profile. Typical profiles include straight cuts, mitres, saddles and midsection holes. These complex cuts are usually required to allow a tight fit between two parts that are to be joined via ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the U.S., the value of prescriptions increased over the period of 1995 to 2005 by 3.4 billion annually, a 61 percent increase. Retail sales of prescription drugs jumped 250 percent from $72 billion to $250 billion, while the average price of prescriptions more than doubled from $30 to $68. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Copper(II) borate is an inorganic compound with the formula Cu(B O). It has previously studied due to its photocatalytic properties. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Noddack was born in Berlin. He became professor for physical chemistry at the University of Freiburg in 1935 and in 1941 at the Reichsuniversität Straßburg. After World War II he changed to the University of Bamberg and in 1956 he became director of the newly founded Research Institute for geochemistry there. He died i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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