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The Segré–Silberberg effect is a fluid dynamic separation effect where a dilute suspension of neutrally buoyant particles flowing (in laminar flow) in a tube equilibrates at a distance of 0.6R from the tube's centre. This effect was first observed by Segré and Silberberg. The solid particles are subjected to both visco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, protein kinases are classified in two major categories based on their substrate specificity, protein tyrosine kinases and protein serine/threonine kinases. Dual-specificity kinases are subclass of the tyrosine kinases.
mTOR is a kinase within the family of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-related kinases (PIKK... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An example reference range for transferrin is 204–360 mg/dL. Laboratory test results should always be interpreted using the reference range provided by the laboratory that performed the test.
A high transferrin level may indicate an iron deficiency anemia. Levels of serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) are... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2018, Bio-Rad Laboratories filed a lawsuit against 10x Genomics stating that their linked-read technology infringed on three patents which had been licensed from Bio-Rad at the University of Chicago. Bio-Rad was awarded a sum of $23,930,716 by a jury. The 10x Genomics filed a motion for judgement as a matter of law ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The resurgence of RNA structural biology in the mid-1990s has caused a veritable explosion in the field of nucleic acid structural research. Since the publication of the hammerhead and P structures, numerous major contributions to the field have been made. Some of the most noteworthy examples include the structures o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The word "litmus" comes from an Old Norse word for “moss used for dyeing”. About 1300, the Spanish physician Arnaldus de Villa Nova began using litmus to study acids and bases.
From the 16th century onwards, the blue dye was extracted from some lichens, especially in the Netherlands. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Wine, vinegar, cider, perry, brandy, atchara, nata de coco, burong mangga, asinan, pickling, vişinată, chocolate, rakı, aragh sagi, chacha | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The thermic effect of food is increased by both aerobic training of sufficient duration and intensity or by anaerobic weight training. However, the increase is marginal, amounting to 7-8 calories per hour. The primary determinants of daily TEF are the total caloric content of the meals and the macronutrient composition... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An RA plot, like its cousin, the MA plot, is a re-scaled and (45-degree) rotated version of a simple two-dimensional scatter plot of a versus b where a and b are equal-length vectors of positive measurements. This rescaling and rotation allows for better visibility and emphasis of important outliers points that vary ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A metal carbido complex is a coordination complex that contains a carbon atom as a ligand. They are analogous to metal nitrido complexes. Carbido complexes are a molecular subclass of carbides, which are prevalent in organometallic and inorganic chemistry. Carbido complexes represent models for intermediates in Fischer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MEGAN analysis starts with collecting reads from any shotgun platform. Then, the reads are compared with sequence databases using BLAST or similar. Third, MEGAN assigns a taxon ID to processed read results based on NCBI taxonomy which creates a MEGAN file that contains required information for statistical and graphical... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A simple wave is a flow in a region adjacent to a region of constant state. In the language of Riemann invariant, the simple wave can also be defined as the zone where one of the Riemann invariant is constant in the region of interest, and consequently, a simple wave zone is covered by arcs of characteristics that are ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The STRENDA Guidelines propose those minimum information that is needed to comprehensively report kinetic and equilibrium data from investigations of enzyme activities including corresponding experimental conditions.
This minimum information is suggested to be addressed in a scientific publication when enzymology rese... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In November 2020 several pharmaceutical companies announced successful trials of COVID-19 vaccines, with efficacy
of 90 to 95% in preventing infection. Per company announcements and data reviewed by external analysts, these vaccines are priced at $3 to $37 per dose. The Wall Street Journal ran an editorial calling fo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Of 744 apples tested USDA found 82.7% of them to have diphenylamine residue between 0.005 - 4.3 ppm, below the U.S. EPA's tolerance level of 10ppm.
A number of alternatives to the use of diphenylamine exist for the control of scald of apples. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With the help of the Lifshitz Theory on Casimir, respectively van der Waals, interactions of macroscopic bodies premelting can be viewed from an electrodynamical perspective.
A good example for determining the difference between complete and incomplete premelting is ice. From vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) frequencies upward... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The magic-angle-turning (MAT) technique introduced by Gan employs slow (approximately 30 Hz) rotation of a powdered sample at the magic angle, in concert with pulses synchronized to 1/3 of the rotor period, to obtain isotropic-shift information in one dimension of a 2D spectrum. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With respects to archaeological applications, in the mid-1980s, Joseph Davidovits presented his first analytical results carried out on genuine pyramid stones. He claimed that the ancient Egyptians knew how to generate a geopolymeric reaction in the making of a re-agglomerated limestone blocks. The Ukrainian scientist... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fungi can cause microbial corrosion of concrete. With adequate environmental factors, such as humidity, temperature, and organic carbon sources, fungi will produce colonies on concrete. Some fungi can reproduce asexually. This common process among fungi allows many new fungal spores to quickly spread to new environment... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The discretized equations are solved numerically on a staggered grid, i.e. the scalar quantities , and are defined at the cell centre while the velocity components , and are defined at the centre of the appropriate interfaces.
Temporal discretization of the prognostic equations is based on the explicit second ord... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cast bronzes are known to have been produced in Africa by the 9th century AD in Igboland (Igbo-Ukwu) in Nigeria, the 12th century AD in Yorubaland (Ife) and the 15th century AD in the kingdom of Benin. Some portrait heads remain.
Benin mastered bronze during the 16th century, produced portraiture and reliefs in the met... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Analytical band centrifugation (ABC) (also known as analytical band ultracentrifugation, or band sedimentation-velocity), is a specialized ultracentrifugation procedure, where unlike the typical use of (boundary) sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV-AUC) wherein a homogenous bulk solution is centri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microwaves impinging on matter usually interact with charges as well as with spins (via electric and magnetic field components, respectively), with the charge response typically much stronger than the spin response. But in the case of magnetic resonance, spins can be directly probed using microwaves. For paramagnetic m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The reaction is fueled with deuterium, a widely available non-radioactive hydrogen isotope composed of one proton, one neutron, and one electron. The deuterium is confined in the space between the atoms of a metal solid such as erbium or titanium. Erbium can indefinitely maintain 10 cm deuterium atoms (deuterons) at ro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A flame test involves introducing a sample of the element or compound to a hot, non-luminous flame and observing the color of the flame that results. The compound can be made into a paste with concentrated hydrochloric acid, as metal halides, being volatile, give better results. Different flames can be tried to verify... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The austrapede (Tspìng in Navi) is a Pandoran creature that resembles a cross between an ostrich, a pink flamingo and the herbivorous dinosaur Parasaurolophus. The Austrapede has yellow-orange skin with faint purple striping, a long, flat beak, and a flat tail reaching down to its feet. Unlike other Pandoran birds and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The safety and efficacy of piflufolastat F-18 were evaluated in two prospective clinical trials (trial 1/NCT02981368 and trial 2/NCT03739684) with a total of 593 men with prostate cancer who each received one injection of piflufolastat F-18. In the first trial, a cohort of 268 participants with biopsy-proven prostate c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) refers to two highly related proteins, STAT5A and STAT5B, which are part of the seven-membered STAT family of proteins. Though STAT5A and STAT5B are encoded by separate genes, the proteins are 90% identical at the amino acid level. STAT5 proteins are involved i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Supplemental HMB has been used in clinical trials as a treatment for preserving lean body mass in muscle wasting conditions, particularly sarcopenia, and has been studied in clinical trials as an adjunct therapy in conjunction with resistance exercise. Based upon two medical reviews and a meta-analysis of seven randomi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This salt is prepared by treating an aqueous solution of ruthenium trichloride with 2,2'-bipyridine. In this conversion, Ru(III) is reduced to Ru(II), and hypophosphorous acid is typically added as a reducing agent. [Ru(bpy)] is octahedral, containing a central low spin d Ru(II) ion and three bidentate bpy ligands. Th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To be defined as ferroelectric, a material must have a spontaneous electric polarization that is switchable by an applied electric field. Usually such an electric polarization arises via an inversion-symmetry-breaking structural distortion from a parent centrosymmetric phase. For example, in the prototypical ferroelect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
People or objects contaminated with CS gas can cause secondary exposure to others, including healthcare professionals and police. In addition, repeated exposure may cause sensitisation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The phenomenon in which organic luminophores show higher photoluminescence efficiency in the aggregated state than in solution is called aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). Some luminophores, e.g., diketopyrrolopyrrole-based and sulfonamide-based luminophores, only display enhanced emission upon entering t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The software has been applied to simulate almost all engine applications and all transportation fuel combinations with many examples published in numerous leading peer-reviewed journals, a brief summary of these articles is presented here.
# Spark ignition combustion mode: Sub-models to simulate Direct Injection Spark ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The phenomenon was observed in 2008 by the Argentine Sebastian Bianchini during mate tea preparation, while studying physics at the University of Havana.
It rapidly attracted the interest of professor Alejandro Lage-Castellanos, who performed, with Bianchini, a series of controlled experiments. Later on professor Ernes... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A regulatory sequence is a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism. Regulation of gene expression is an essential feature of all living organisms and viruses. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some children conceived by IVF using anonymous donors report being troubled over not knowing about their donor parent as well any genetic relatives they may have and their family history.
Alana Stewart, who was conceived using donor sperm, began an online forum for donor children called AnonymousUS in 2010. The forum w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
John William Draper was born May 5, 1811, in St. Helens, Lancashire, England, to John Christopher Draper, a Wesleyan clergyman, and Sarah (Ripley) Draper. He also had three sisters, Dorothy Catherine Draper (August 6, 1807 – December 10, 1901), Elizabeth Johnson, and Sarah Ripley. On June 23, he was baptized by the Wes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a 1925 paper, F.H. Constable described the linear relationship observed for the reaction parameters of the catalytic dehydrogenation of primary alcohols with copper-chromium oxide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gene structure is the organisation of specialised sequence elements within a gene. Genes contain most of the information necessary for living cells to survive and reproduce. In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines the function of the gene. A gene is transcribed (copied) fr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Sanford–Wang parameterisation is an empirical formula used to model the production of pions in nuclear interaction of the form p+A → +X where a beam of high-energy protons hit a material.
Its formula for the double-differential cross section with respect to momentum (p) and solid angle () is as follows.
Where p and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing fluid on the downstream side of the object. Fluid behind the obstacle flows into the void creating a swirl of fluid on each e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mathews was raised on a dairy farm near the unincorporated community of Auroraville, Wisconsin in Waushara County, Wisconsin. As a youth, he had little interest in farm life or in the cheese factory operated by his older brother. His parents sent Joseph to public school in nearby Berlin, a city that straddles the bound... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A plasmid preparation is a method of DNA extraction and purification for plasmid DNA, it is an important step in many molecular biology experiments and is essential for the successful use of plasmids in research and biotechnology. Many methods have been developed to purify plasmid DNA from bacteria. During the purifica... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term is known as the pairing term (possibly also known as the pairwise interaction). This term captures the effect of spin coupling. It is given by
where is found empirically to have a value of about 1000 keV, slowly decreasing with mass number A. The binding energy may be increased by converting one of the odd p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The development of the APCI interface for LC–MS started with Horning and collaborators in the early 1973. However, its commercial application was introduced at the beginning of the 1990s after Henion and collaborators improved the LC–APCI–MS interface in 1986. The APCI ion source/ interface can be used to analyze small... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to converters using electrodes, pure inductive magnetic converters have also been proposed by Lev Artsimovich in 1963, then Alan Frederic Haught and his team from United Aircraft Research Laboratories in 1970, and Ralph Moir in 1977.
The magnetic compression-expansion direct energy converter is analogous to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The major tissue systems present are
* The epidermis, which covers the upper and lower surfaces
* The mesophyll tissue, which consists of photosynthetic cells rich in chloroplasts. (also called chlorenchyma)
* The arrangement of veins (the vascular tissue)
These three tissue systems typically form a regular organizatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Feather meal is a byproduct of processing poultry; it is made from poultry feathers by partially grinding them under elevated heat and pressure, and then grinding and drying. Although total nitrogen levels are fairly high (up to 12%), the bioavailability of this nitrogen may be low. Feather meal is used in formulated a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Utilization of halogen containing materials in processes such as water treatment, bleaching, or even general synthesis to create the final product, generates a number of organic halides. These organic halides are released in wastewater from the oil, chemical, and paper industries, and find their way to the consumer and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although traditionally thought to form at compositions XYZ and XYZ, studies published after 2015 have discovered and reliably predicted Heusler compounds with atypical compositions such as XYZ and XYZ. Besides these ternary compositions, quaternary Heusler compositions called the double Half-Heusler XYYZ (e.g. TiFeNiS... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) method is a technique in molecular biology for the analysis of genetic markers. It is an extension to the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to more quickly analyse the results.
Like RFLP, CAPS works on the prin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As the alveoli increase in size, the surfactant becomes more spread out over the surface of the liquid. This increases surface tension effectively slowing the rate of expansion of the alveoli. This also helps all alveoli in the lungs expand at the same rate, as one that expands more quickly will experience a large ri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phenol red is a weak estrogen mimic, and in cell cultures can enhance the growth of cells that express the estrogen receptor. It has been used to induce ovarian epithelial cells from post-menopausal women to differentiate into cells with properties of oocytes (eggs), with potential implications for both fertility treat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the elementary form of the continuity equation for mass, in hydrodynamics:
In elementary classical mechanics, mass flow rate is encountered when dealing with objects of variable mass, such as a rocket ejecting spent fuel. Often, descriptions of such objects erroneously invoke Newtons second law by treating both the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
2,4,6-Tri-tert-butylpyrimidine is the organic compound with the formula HC(BuC)NCBu where Bu = (CH)C. It is a substituted derivative of the heterocycle pyrimidine. Known also as TTBP, this compound is of interest as a base that is sufficiently bulky to not bind boron trifluoride but still able to bind protons. It is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Lafitte Greenway in New Orleans, Louisiana, is a post-Hurricane Katrina revitalization effort that utilizes green infrastructure to improve water quality as well as support wildlife habitat. The site was previously an industrial corridor that connected the French Quarter to Bayou St. John and Lake Pontchartrain. Pa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Meanwhile, geneticists and molecular biologists have characterised five genes that appear to encode muscarinic receptors, named m1-m5 (lowercase m; no subscript number). They code for pharmacologic types M-M. The receptors m1 and m2 were determined based upon partial sequencing of M and M receptor proteins. The others ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As with many other places in Britain, there have been speculative articles written that connect Ariconium to the characters in Arthurian tales. Some are careful with their wording and state that they are not asserting historical facts; others are less careful and propagate fiction in the guise of hypothesis.
There are ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Erämetsä attended Kuopio Lyseo as an undergraduate in 1925. He continued to study chemistry at the Helsinki University of Technology, where he graduated with a M.Sc. in engineering in 1934 and a Ph.D. in technology in 1938. His Ph.D. work dealt with detection of the presence of indium in Finnish minerals. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A consumption map or efficiency map shows the brake-specific fuel consumption in g per kWh over mean effective pressure per rotational speed of an internal combustion engine.
The x-axis shows the rotational speed range. The y-axis represents the load on the engine. The contour lines show the specific fuel consumption, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are two main variants of thermochromic ink, one composed of leuco dyes and one composed of liquid crystals. For both types of ink, the chemicals need to be contained within capsules around 3 to 5 microns long. This protects the dyes and crystals from mixing with other chemicals that might affect the functionality... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid when dissolved in water, so ocean acidification is a significant consequence of elevated carbon dioxide levels, and limits the rate at which it can be absorbed into the ocean (the solubility pump). A variety of different bases have been suggested that could neutralize the acid and th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Toc159 is another GTP binding TOC subunit, like Toc34. Toc159 has three domains. At the N-terminal end is the A-domain, which is rich in acidic amino acids and takes up about half the protein length. The A-domain is often cleaved off, leaving an 86 kilodalton fragment called Toc86. In the middle is its GTP binding doma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Minipreparation of plasmid DNA is a rapid, small-scale isolation of plasmid DNA from bacteria. Commonly used miniprep methods include alkaline lysis and spin-column based kits. It is based on the alkaline lysis method. The extracted plasmid DNA resulting from performing a miniprep is itself often called a "miniprep".
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vancomycin is considered a last resort medication for the treatment of sepsis and lower respiratory tract, skin, and bone infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration susceptibility data for a few medically significant bacteria are:
* S. aureus: 0.25 μg/mL to 4.0 μg/mL
* S. aureus (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Founded as the American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME), the institute had a membership at the beginning of 1915 of over 5,000, made up of honorary, elected, and associate members. The annual meeting of the institute was held in February, with other meetings during the year as authorized by the council. The inst... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Insertion element (also known as an IS, an insertion sequence element, or an IS element) is a short DNA sequence that acts as a simple transposable element. Insertion sequences have two major characteristics: they are small relative to other transposable elements (generally around 700 to 2500 bp in length) and only cod... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rectal administration is an off-label use of vancomycin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The syndetome location within the somite is determined by FGF secreted from the center of the myotome (a collection of embryonic tissue that develops into skeletal muscle)- the FGF then induces the adjacent anterior and posterior sclerotome (a collection of embryonic tissue that develops into the axial skeleton) to ado... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fluids that have a linear shear stress/shear strain relationship but require a finite yield stress before they begin to flow (the plot of shear stress against shear strain does not pass through the origin) are called Bingham plastics. Several examples are clay suspensions, drilling mud, toothpaste, mayonnaise, chocolat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Exposure to PFAS is a risk factor for various hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, including preeclampsia and high blood pressure. It is not clear whether PFAS exposure is associated with wider cardiovascular disorders during pregnancy. Human breast milk has the capability to harbor PFAs as well as be transferred from ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One type of system that combines secondary treatment and settlement is the cyclic activated sludge (CASSBR), or sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Typically, activated sludge is mixed with raw incoming sewage, and then mixed and aerated. The settled sludge is run off and re-aerated before a proportion is returned to the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In differential calculus, the Reynolds transport theorem (also known as the Leibniz–Reynolds transport theorem), or simply the Reynolds theorem, named after Osborne Reynolds (1842–1912), is a three-dimensional generalization of the Leibniz integral rule. It is used to recast time derivatives of integrated quantities an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfenamides, e.g. cyclohexylthiophthalimide, are used extensively in the vulcanization of rubber. The sulfenamides are used to accelerate the process via the transient formation of labile S-N bonds. The substituents on the sulfenamides determine the point at which they will become active. Temperature dependent activ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A translation of the Oxford team's 1941 report reached Germany via Sweden the following year. Like most research in wartime Germany, research into penicillin was carried out in a fragmentary fashion with little coordination. On 6 December 1943, the Reich Health Ministry ordered the medical community to conduct research... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An air-supported (or air-inflated) structure is any permanent building that derives its structural integrity from the use of internal pressurized air to inflate a pliable material (i.e. structural fabric) envelope, so that air is the main support of the structure. It is usually dome-shaped, since this shape creates the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The previously described work of Martin and Synge impacted the development of the previously known column chromatography and inspired new forms of chromatography such as countercurrent distribution, paper chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography which is more commonly known as gas chromatography. The modification ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The trifluoromethyl group has a significant electronegativity that is often described as being intermediate between the electronegativities of fluorine and chlorine. For this reason, trifluoromethyl-substituted compounds are often strong acids, such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and trifluoroacetic acid. Conversely,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Acetonyl group
* Acyl group (e.g. acetyl group, benzoyl group)
* Alkyl group (e.g., methyl group, ethyl group)
* Alkenyl group (e.g., vinyl group, allyl group)
* Alkynyl group (propargyl group)
* Benzyloxycarbonyl group (Cbz)
* tert-butoxycarbonyl group (Boc)
* Carboxyl group | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Energy flows directionally through ecosystems, entering as sunlight (or inorganic molecules for chemoautotrophs) and leaving as heat during the many transfers between trophic levels. However, the matter that makes up living organisms is conserved and recycled. The six most common elements associated with organic molecu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Qing dynasty Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1722–1735) was the last Chinese ruler known to die from elixir poisoning. He was a superstitious man, affected by portents and omens, and a firm believer in Daoist longevity techniques. Taking immortality elixirs is thought to have caused his sudden death in 1735. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photoresists are light-sensitive materials, composed of a polymer, a sensitizer, and a solvent. Each element has a particular function. The polymer changes its structure when it is exposed to radiation. The solvent allows the photoresist to be spun and to form thin layers over the wafer surface. Finally, the sensitizer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Toxicants that at low concentrations modify or inhibit some biological process by binding at a specific site or molecule have a specific acting mode of toxic action. However, at high enough concentrations, toxicants with specific acting modes of toxic actions can produce narcosis that may or may not be reversible. Neve... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Armando Reguscis version of the air engine couples the transmission system directly to the wheel, and has variable torque from zero to the maximum, enhancing efficiency. Reguscis patents date from 1990. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Piperacillin is used almost exclusively in combination with the beta lactamase inhibitor tazobactam for the treatment of serious, hospital-acquired infections. This combination is among the most widely used drug therapies in United States non-federal hospitals, accounting for $388M in spending in spite of being a low-c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The use of modafinil as a supposed cognitive enhancer may be considered as cheating, unnatural, or risky. The University of Sussex explained that it is a prescription drug and the decision should be made by the doctor on whether to prescribe modafinil to a student. As a matter of bioethics, the US President's Council o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the late nineteenth century, chemists, including William Crookes, President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1898, predicted that the demand for nitrogen compounds, either in the form of fertilizer or explosives, would exceed supply in the near future.
Following the work by Claude Louis B... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term "doublet" dates back to the 19th century, when it was observed that certain spectral lines of an ionized, excited gas would split into two under the influence of a strong magnetic field, in an effect known as the anomalous Zeeman effect. Such spectral lines were observed not only in the laboratory, but also in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An overflow is required for excess steam or water to discharge, especially during starting. If the injector cannot initially overcome boiler pressure, the overflow allows the injector to continue to draw water and steam. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbyne molecules are generally found to be in electronic doublet states: the non-bonding electrons on carbon are arranged as one radical (unpaired electron) and one electron pair, leaving a vacant atomic orbital, rather than being a triradical (the quartet state). The simplest case is the CH radical, which has an elec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This protein is a member of a RNA-binding protein family that regulates transcription and RNA translation. It was first identified in cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) target cells. TIA1 acts in the nucleus to regulate splicing and transcription. TIA1 helps to recruit the splicesome to regulate RNA splicing, and it inhibits t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fluorescence-emission Polymer is a kind of polymer which can absorb light of certain frequency and then give out light. These polymers can be applied in biomaterial area. Due to their high biocapacity and fluorescence, they can help researchers to find and mark the location of proteins. And polymers with property of ag... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Asemota has a long history of international consultancy in matters of food security and biotechnology. She was an international technical expert for the European Union (1994-1995), and served the United Nations Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC) Programmes as International Technical Cooperation Pro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* For cables we provide wall/deck penetration sleeve to avoid any damage to cable from material shifting on deck.
* Deck penetrations on offshore platform provided to avoid water/chemical dripping to lower deck in case of spillage.
* Acts as toe guard.
* For wall penetrations it can be a type of strengthening.
* Togeth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In neurons of the human brain, somatic recombination occurs frequently in the gene that encodes APP. Neurons from individuals with sporadic Alzheimers disease show greater APP' gene diversity due to somatic recombination than neurons from healthy individuals. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biomarkers of susceptibility are indicators of the natural characteristics of an organism that make it more susceptible to the effects of an exposure to a chemical. They can help define what sensitivities are more susceptible as well as critical times when exposures can be most detrimental. For example, the exhalatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In electric discharges, for example as laboratory discharges between two electrodes or as lightning discharges between cloud and ground or within clouds, electrons produce Bremsstrahlung photons while scattering off air molecules. These photons become manifest in terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and are the source for bea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A disadvantage of using nanocrystals for drug delivery is nanocrystal stability. Instability problems of nanocrystalline structures derive from thermodynamic processes such as particle aggregation, amorphization, and bulk crystallization. Particles at the nanoscopic scale feature a relative excess of Gibbs free energy,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some metals, particularly nickel and nickel alloys, can be made into nanocrystalline foils using electrodeposition. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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