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The biosynthesis of N-linked glycans occurs via 3 major steps:
#Synthesis of dolichol-linked precursor oligosaccharide
#En bloc transfer of precursor oligosaccharide to protein
#Processing of the oligosaccharide
Synthesis, en bloc transfer and initial trimming of precursor oligosaccharide occurs in the endoplasmic reti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Machine learning is a powerful tool that can be used in metabolomics analysis. Recently, scientists have developed retention time prediction software. These tools allow researchers to apply artificial intelligence to the retention time prediction of small molecules in complex mixture, such as human plasma, plant extrac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metal oxides excel at catalyzing gas phase reactions by photo-activation, as well as thermal activation of the catalyst. Oxidation of hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon monoxide, and ammonia occurs when stimulated with light of greater energy than the band gap of the metal oxide. Homophasic and heterophasic light-induced o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photosynthetic carbohydrate synthesis in plants and certain bacteria is an anabolic process that produces glucose, cellulose, starch, lipids, and proteins from CO. It uses the energy produced from the light-driven reactions of photosynthesis, and creates the precursors to these large molecules via carbon assimilation i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hans Gross applied scientific methods to crime scenes and was responsible for the birth of criminalistics.
Edmond Locard expanded on Gross work with Locards Exchange Principle which stated "whenever two objects come into contact with one another, materials are exchanged between them". This means that every contact by a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The drug flux represents the slope of the linear regression of the accumulated mass (Q) over time (t) normalized over the permeation area (A), i.e., the surface area of the barrier available for permeation.
Equation 1:
The drug apparent permeability (P) is calculated by normalizing the drug flux (j) over the initial c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neutron tools are based on the measurement of a neutron cloud of different energy levels within the investigated volume. Epithermal-neutron tools measure epithermal neutron density with energy levels between 100eV and 0.1eV in the formation. Thermal-neutron tools only measure the population of neutrons with a thermal e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Globo H (globohexaosylceramide) is a globo-series glycosphingolipid antigen that is present on the outer membrane of some cancer cells. Globo H is not expressed in normal tissue cells, but is expressed in a number of types of cancers, including cancers of the breast, prostate, and pancreas. Globo H's exclusivity for ca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Cell wall reinforcement (cellulose, lignin, suberin, callose, cell wall proteins)
* Antimicrobial chemicals, including reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide or peroxynitrite, or more complex phytoalexins such as genistein or camalexin
* Antimicrobial proteins such as defensins, thionins, or PR-1
* Antimic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although freeze fracture studies have revealed that the nodal axolemma in both the CNS and PNS is enriched in intra-membranous particles (IMPs) compared to the internode, there are some structural differences reflecting their cellular constituents. In the PNS, specialized microvilli project from the outer collar of Sc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Wu theory provides more accurate results than do the other two component theories, particularly for high surface energies. It does, however, suffer from one complication: because of the mathematics involved, the Wu theory yields two results for each component, one being the true result, and one being simply a conse... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The carbon-silicon bond is highly electron-releasing and can stabilize a positive charge in the β position through hyperconjugation. Electrophilic additions to allyl- and vinylsilanes take advantage of this, and site selectivity generally reflects this property—electrophiles become bound to the carbon γ to the silyl gr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Also called a tee with a diverter baffle, a waste tee or an end-outlet tee, it typically connects waste lines before they enter the trap and has a baffle to keep water from one waste pipe from entering the other at the connection. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many structural domains have been conserved through evolution, as prokaryotic initiation factors share similar structures with eukaryotic factors. The prokaryotic initiation factor, IF3, assists with start site specificity, as well as mRNA binding. This is in comparison with the eukaryotic initiation factor, eIF1, who ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In crystallography, materials science and metallurgy, Vegards law is an empirical finding (heuristic approach) resembling the rule of mixtures. In 1921, Lars Vegard discovered that the lattice parameter of a solid solution of two constituents is approximately a weighted mean of the two constituents lattice parameters a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The importance of an antiparallel DNA double helix structure is because of its hydrogen bonding between the complementary nitrogenous base pairs. If the DNA structure were to be parallel, the hydrogen bonding would not be possible, as the base pairs would not be paired in the known way. The four base pairs are: adenine... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Purple of Cassius is a purple pigment formed by the reaction of gold salts with tin(II) chloride. It has been used to impart glass with a red coloration (see cranberry glass), as well as to determine the presence of gold as a chemical test.
Generally, the preparation of this material involves gold being dissolved in aq... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A common simplification to (14) is the harmonic approximation, in which the probability density function is modeled as a Gaussian. Under this approximation, static displacive disorder is ignored and it is assumed that atomic displacements are determined entirely by motion (alternative models in which the Gaussian appro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
End-sequence profiling (ESP) (sometimes "Paired-end mapping (PEM)") is a method based on sequence-tagged connectors developed to facilitate de novo genome sequencing to identify high-resolution copy number and structural aberrations such as inversions and translocations. <br />
Briefly, the target genomic DNA is isolat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neutrons undergo many types of scattering, including both elastic and inelastic scattering. Whether elastic or inelastic scatter occurs is dependent on the speed of the neutron, whether fast or thermal, or somewhere in between. It is also dependent on the nucleus it strikes and its neutron cross section. In inelastic s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) or laser floating zone (LFZ) is a crystal growth technique. A narrow region of a crystal is melted with a powerful CO or YAG laser. The laser and hence the floating zone, is moved along the crystal. The molten region melts impure solid at its forward edge and leaves a wake of purer m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mutagens may be of physical, chemical or biological origin. They may act directly on the DNA, causing direct damage to the DNA, and most often result in replication error. Some however may act on the replication mechanism and chromosomal partition. Many mutagens are not mutagenic by themselves, but can form mutagenic m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lithium is a teratogen, causing birth defects in a small number of newborn babies. Case reports and several retrospective studies have demonstrated possible increases in the rate of a congenital heart defect known as Ebsteins anomaly, if taken during a womans pregnancy. As a consequence, fetal echocardiography is routi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine (FRSM)
* Awarded Fellowship of the International Society for Science and Religion
* 2010 James Gregory Medal
* 2010 Agilent Thought Leader Award
* 2012 Waters Corporation Center of Innovation Program Honors
* 2014 University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska institute Honorar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sea foam also acts as a mode of transport for both organisms and nutrients within the marine environment and, at times, into the intertidal or terrestrial environments. Wave action can deposit foam into intertidal areas where it can remain when the tide recedes, bringing nutrients to the intertidal zone. Additionally, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ITS-90 is designed to represent the thermodynamic temperature scale (referencing absolute zero) as closely as possible throughout its range. Many different thermometer designs are required to cover the entire range. These include helium vapor pressure thermometers, helium gas thermometers, standard platinum resistance... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Mixtec civilization have long been thought to be the dominant goldsmiths of post-classic Mesoamerica. A large number of gold artifacts found in central and southern Mexico have been attributed to the Mixtec. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Born in Sydney, Cornforth was the son and the second of four children of English-born, Oxford-educated schoolmaster and teacher John Warcup Cornforth and Hilda Eipper (1887–1969), a granddaughter of pioneering missionary and Presbyterian minister Christopher Eipper. Before her marriage, Eipper had been a maternity nurs... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lauterbur was of Luxembourgish ancestry. Born and raised in Sidney, Ohio, Lauterbur graduated from Sidney High School, where a new Chemistry, Physics, and Biology wing was dedicated in his honor. As a teenager, he built his own laboratory in the basement of his parents' house. His chemistry teacher at school understoo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Van der Roest H., de Bruin B., van Dalen R., Uijterlinde C. (2012) Maakt Nereda-installatie Epe hooggespannen verwachtingen waar?, Vakblad H2O, nr.23, 2012, p30-p34.
* Giesen A., van Loosdrecht M.C.M., Niermans R. (2012) Aerobic granular biomass: the new standard for domestic and industrial wastewater treatment?, Wat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Folin's reagent or sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate is a chemical reagent used as a derivatizing agent to measure levels of amines and amino acids. The reagent reacts with them in alkaline solution to produce a fluorescent material that can be easily detected.
This should not be confused with Folin-Ciocalteu reage... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As fusion time begins, there is an incubation period where no strength develops. Once enough time has passed for the molten material to begin solidifying, the joint strength begins to develop before plateauing at the maximum strength. If power is applied after full joint strength is achieved, the strength will start to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The evolution of interactome complexity is delineated in a study published in Nature. In this study it is first noted that the boundaries between prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes are accompanied by orders-of-magnitude reductions in effective population size, with concurrent amplification... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Demasculinization refers to the reversal of virilization. Some but not all aspects of virilization are reversible. Demasculinization occurs naturally with andropause, pathologically with hypogonadism, and artificially or medically with antiandrogens, estrogens, and orchiectomy. It is desired by many transgender women w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CLIPZ is a database of post-transcriptional regulatory elements (RNA-binding proteins) built from cross-linking and immunoprecipitation data. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mitogen-activated protein kinases are catalytically inactive in their base form. In order to become active, they require (potentially multiple) phosphorylation events in their activation loops. This is conducted by specialized enzymes of the STE protein kinase group. In this way protein dynamics can induce a conformati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fracturing is a brittle deformation process that creates permanent linear breaks, that are not accompanied by displacement within materials. These linear breaks or openings can be independent or interconnected. For fracturing to occur, the ultimate strength of the materials need to be exceeded to a point where the mat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Albert Fredrick Ottomar Germann (February 18, 1886 – December 22, 1976) was an American physical chemist, university professor, and chemical entrepreneur. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nitrification in nature is a two-step oxidation process of ammonium () or ammonia () to nitrite () and then to nitrate () catalyzed by two ubiquitous bacterial groups growing together. The first reaction is oxidation of ammonium to nitrite by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) represented by members of Betaproteobacteria... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The revival of the woolly mammoth is a proposed hypothetical that frozen soft-tissue remains and DNA from extinct woolly mammoths could be a means of regenerating the species. Several methods have been proposed to achieve this goal, including cloning, artificial insemination, and genome editing. Whether or not it is et... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It carried out work on reactors for the British civil and military (submarine fleet) nuclear energy programmes, investigating metallurgy. In the first ten years, it carried out research on materials for fast breeder reactors; it was the first time that niobium had been part of a fast breeder reactor. The site investiga... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enediols are alkenes with a hydroxyl group on each carbon of the C=C double bond. Normally such compounds are disfavored components in equilibria with acyloins. One special case is catechol, where the C=C subunit is part of an aromatic ring. In some other cases however, enediols are stabilized by flanking carbonyl gr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Green leaf volatiles (GLV) are organic compounds released by plants.
Some of these chemicals function as signaling compounds between either plants of the same species, of other species, or even different lifeforms like insects.
Green leaf volatiles are involved in patterns of attack and protection between species. Th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many waters in both the UK and Europe are capable of supporting Type 1 pitting but no problems will be experienced unless a pit is initiated in the wall of the tube. When a copper tube is initially filled with a hard water salts deposit on the wall and the copper slowly reacts with the water producing a thin protective... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Deborah number was originally proposed by Markus Reiner, a professor at Technion in Israel, who chose the name inspired by a verse in the Bible, stating "The mountains flowed before the Lord" in a song by the prophetess Deborah in the Book of Judges; הָרִ֥ים נָזְל֖וּ מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה hā-rîm nāzəlū mippənê Yahweh).... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The glyoxylate cycle is a variant of the citric acid cycle. It is an anabolic pathway occurring in plants and bacteria utilizing the enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. Some intermediate steps of the cycle are slightly different from the citric acid cycle; nevertheless oxaloacetate has the same function in bo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When a continuum radiation source is used for AAS measurement it is indispensable to work with a high-resolution monochromator. The resolution has to be equal to or better than the half-width of an atomic absorption line (about 2 pm) in order to avoid losses of sensitivity and linearity of the calibration graph. The re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
LHT was introduced by the U.K. in British India (now India, Pakistan, Myanmar, and Bangladesh), British Malaya and British Borneo (now Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore), and British Hong Kong. All are still LHT, as well as neighbour countries Bhutan and Nepal, except Myanmar, which switched to RHT in 1970, although much ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkylation with geminal dihalides gives 1,3-dithiepanes. Oxidation gives the cyclic disulfide 1,2-dithiane:
It forms self-assembled monolayers on gold.
It is also used in polyadditions along with 1,4-butanediol to form sulfur-containing polyester and polyurethanes containing diisocyanate. Several of these polymers are... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments, the GC-content of short oligonucleotides known as primers is often used to predict their annealing temperature to the template DNA. A higher GC-content level indicates a relatively higher melting temperature.
Many sequencing technologies, such as Illumina sequencing, have... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SOCl is highly reactive and can violently release hydrochloric acid upon contact with water and alcohols. It is also a controlled substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention, where it is listed as a Schedule 3 substance, since it is used in the manufacture of G-series nerve agents and the Meyer and Meyer–Clar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pyridine is a toxic, flammable liquid with a strong and unpleasant fishy odour. Its odour threshold of 0.04 to 20 ppm is close to its threshold limit of 5 ppm for adverse effects, thus most (but not all) adults will be able to tell when it is present at harmful levels. Pyridine easily dissolves in water and harms both ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aggregating safety data across clinical trials during drug development is important because trials are generally designed to focus on determining how well the drug works. The safety data collected and aggregated across multiple trials as the drug is developed allows the sponsor, investigators and regulatory agencies to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radiochemistry is the chemistry of radioactive materials, in which radioactive isotopes of elements are used to study the properties and chemical reactions of non-radioactive isotopes (often within radiochemistry the absence of radioactivity leads to a substance being described as being inactive as the isotopes are st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Respirometry is a general term that encompasses a number of techniques for obtaining estimates of the rates of metabolism of vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, tissues, cells, or microorganisms via an indirect measure of heat production (calorimetry). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Modafinil, a eugeroic or wakefulness-promoting drug, is primarily used for treating narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. Being a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant (psychostimulant) itself, modafinil has lower addictive potential than classical psychos... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Based on the physical method of electroporation, nucleofection uses a combination of electrical parameters, generated by a device called Nucleofector, with cell-type specific reagents. The substrate is transferred directly into the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm. In contrast, other commonly used non-viral transfection ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The next table gives the terrestrial isotope distributions for some elements. Some elements, such as phosphorus and fluorine, only exist as a single isotope, with a natural abundance of 100%. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Entropic gravity, also known as emergent gravity, is a theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force—a force with macro-scale homogeneity but which is subject to quantum-level disorder—and not a fundamental interaction. The theory, based on string theory, black hole physics, and quantum informati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In immunology, activation is the transition of leucocytes and other cell types involved in the immune system. On the other hand, deactivation is the transition in the reverse direction. This balance is tightly regulated, since a too small degree of activation causes susceptibility to infections, while, on the other han... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ECW model created by Russell S. Drago is a quantitative model that describes and predicts the strength of Lewis acid base interactions, . The model assigned and parameters to many Lewis acids and bases. Each acid is characterized by an and a . Each base is likewise characterized by its own and . The and param... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During World War II, various chloroalkanes were in standard use in military aircraft, although these early halons suffered from excessive toxicity. Nevertheless, after the war they slowly became more common in civil aviation as well. In the 1960s, fluoroalkanes and bromofluoroalkanes became available and were quickly r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology () is a research institute for terrestrial microbiology in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1991 by Rudolf K. Thauer and is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft). Its sister institute is the Max Planck Institute for Marine Micro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Throughout the years there have been a few mass bleaching events that have affected the Great Barrier Reef. In particular, the years of 2016 and 2017, saw the reef sustain two years of back to back bleaching periods. This long period accounted for an estimated loss of half of the coral life in the Great Barrier Reef. T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The methylium cation () exists in the gas phase, but is otherwise not encountered. Some compounds are considered to be sources of the cation, and this simplification is used pervasively in organic chemistry. For example, protonation of methanol gives an electrophilic methylating reagent that reacts by the S2 pathway:
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The phase diagram shows the importance of the electrode gap distance to the performance of electrochemical reactions. For traditional macrosystems, where the electrode gap distance is much larger than the Debye-length, two half-reactions are decoupled and cannot influence each other. Normally the electrochemical curren... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Genes of all organisms, except bacteria, consist of short protein-coding regions (exons) interrupted by long sequences (introns). When a gene is expressed, its DNA sequence is copied into a “primary RNA” sequence by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Then the “spliceosome” machinery physically removes the introns from the RNA ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many metering pumps are piston-driven. Piston pumps are positive displacement pumps which can be designed to pump at practically constant flow rates (averaged over time) against a wide range of discharge pressure, including high discharge pressures of thousands of psi.
Piston-driven metering pumps commonly work as fol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vancomycin is made by the soil bacterium Amycolatopsis orientalis.
Vancomycin biosynthesis occurs primarily via three nonribosomal protein syntheses (NRPSs) VpsA, VpsB, and VpsC. The enzymes determine the amino acid sequence during its assembly through its 7 modules. Before vancomycin is assembled through NRPS, the non... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others, is an opioid pain medication and a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat moderately severe pain. When taken by mouth in an immediate-release formulation, the onset of pain relief usually begins within an hour. It is also available by in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The recovery and use of urine and feces in "dry sanitation systems", i.e. without sewers or without mixing substantial amounts of water with the excreta, has been practiced by almost all cultures. The reuse was not limited to agricultural production. The Romans, for example, were aware of the bleaching attribute of the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A limepit is either a place where limestone is quarried, or a man-made pit used to burn lime stones in the same way that modern-day kilns and furnaces constructed of brick are now used above ground for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO) and by which quicklime (calcium oxide, CaO) is produced, an ess... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several biomolecules, including PUFAs and some amino acids, cannot be made by human beings and must be supplied in the diet. These molecules are termed “essential dietary components” and serve as building blocks that are incorporated into larger structures such as proteins and cell membranes. PUFA membrane components a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In flowers, the coloration that is provided by anthocyanin accumulation may attract a wide variety of animal pollinators, while in fruits, the same coloration may aid in seed dispersal by attracting herbivorous animals to the potentially-edible fruits bearing these red, blue, or purple colors. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Researchers at Abbott Laboratories identified three novel series of DPP-4 inhibitors using HTS. After more research and optimization ABT-341 was discovered (Figure 8). It is a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor with a 2D-structure very similar to sitagliptin. However, the 3D-structure is quite different. ABT-341 also... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In resting cells, axin molecules oligomerize with each other through their C-terminal DIX domains, which have two binding interfaces. Thus they can build linear oligomers or even polymers inside the cytoplasm of cells. DIX domains are unique: the only other proteins known to have a DIX domain are Dishevelled and DIXDC1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1,1 carboboration delivers both the carbon-carbon bond and the carbon-boron bond to the same carbon in the substrate. It requires a 1,2-migration of a substituent from one carbon to the other in the double bond. The Wrackmeyer reaction is typically credited as being the pioneering example of 1,1 carboboration and utili... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ptaquiloside is a norsesquiterpene glucoside produced by bracken ferns (majorly Pteridium aquilinum) during metabolism. It is identified to be the main carcinogen of the ferns and to be responsible for their biological effects, such as haemorrhagic disease and bright blindness in livestock and oesophageal, gastric canc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In oceanography, a prime example of a limiting factor is a limiting nutrient. Nutrient availability in freshwater and marine environments plays a critical role in determining what organisms survive and thrive. Nutrients are the building blocks of all living organisms, as they support biological activity. They are requi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chiral resolution, or enantiomeric resolution, is a process in stereochemistry for the separation of racemic mixture into their enantiomers. It is an important tool in the production of optically active compounds, including drugs. Another term with the same meaning is optical resolution.
The use of chiral resolution to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During the development of this technology, several modifications were done to the components, in order to increase its effectiveness. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While at University of Michigan, Omar M. Yaghi (currently at UCBerkeley) and Adrien P Cote published the first paper of COFs in 2005, reporting a series of 2D COFs. They reported the design and successful synthesis of COFs by condensation reactions of phenyl diboronic acid (CH[B(OH)]) and hexahydroxytriphenylene (CH(OH... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The conversion of the amino acid glutamine to α-ketoglutarate takes place in two reaction steps:
1. Hydrolysis of the amino group of glutamine yielding glutamate and ammonium.
Catalyzing enzyme: glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2)
2. Glutamate can be excreted or can be further metabolized to α-ketoglutarate.
For the conversion of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Copper is found in association with many other metals and deposit styles. Commonly, copper is either formed within sedimentary rocks, or associated with igneous rocks.
The world's major copper deposits are formed within the granitic porphyry copper style. Copper is enriched by processes during crystallisation of the gr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Accumulation of tau protein is associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimers and Parkinsons diseases as well as other tauopathies. Tau protein isoforms are created by alternative splicing of exons 2, 3 and 10. The regulation of tau splicing is specific to stage of development, physiology and location... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Frequently used SI prefixes are the millisievert (1 mSv = 0.001 Sv) and microsievert (1 μSv = 0.000 001 Sv) and commonly used units for time derivative or "dose rate" indications on instruments and warnings for radiological protection are μSv/h and mSv/h. Regulatory limits and chronic doses are often given in units of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aside from molecular metal phosphate complexes, the topic of this article, many or most transition metal phosphates are nonmolecular, being coordination polymers or dense ternary or quaternary phases. Iron(III) phosphate, contemplated as a cathode material for batteries, is one example. Vanadyl phosphate () is a comm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Present-day methods of steel and alloy production are unable to attain completely pure metal without any non-metallic inclusions. Inclusions are present in any steel to a greater or lesser extent according to the mixture and conditions of production. Usually the amount of non-metallic inclusions in steel is not higher ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The surface advances normal to itself without the necessity of a stepwise growth mechanism. This means that in the presence of a sufficient thermodynamic driving force, every element of surface is capable of a continuous change contributing to the advancement of the interface. For a sharp or discontinuous surface, this... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cavitation has been applied to Biodiesel production since 2011 and is considered a proven and standard technology in this application. The implementation of hydrodynamic cavitation in the transesterification process allows for a significant reduction in catalyst use, quality improvement and production capacity increase... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Yoon is openly gay and has been a vocal advocate for greater inclusion of and support for diverse members of the STEM community throughout his career. Yoon is a long time member of the UW-Madison Committee on LGBT Issues, which he chaired between 2013 and 2014. He has also given numerous invited lectures on topics rela... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
François Charles Léon Moureu (19 April 1863, in Mourenx – 13 June 1929, in Biarritz) was a French organic chemist and pharmacist. In 1902 Charles Moureu published , translated into English as Fundamental principles of organic chemistry (1921).
During World War I, Charles Moureu was vice-chairman of France's Comm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Drug Discovery Initiative (DDI) was launched in 2018 to develop new drugs by working with clinicians and industry in infectious diseases, cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic diseases. However, the DDI is not limited to these areas and its research has contributed to antibiotics, cardiov... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A vacuum coffee maker brews coffee using two chambers where vapor pressure and gravity produce coffee. This type of coffee maker is also known as vac pot, siphon or syphon coffee maker, and was invented by Loeff of Berlin in the 1830s. These devices have since been used for more than a century in many parts of the worl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pseudin is a peptide derived from Pseudis paradoxa. Pseudins have some antimicrobial function.
There are several different forms:
* pseudin-1
* pseudin-2 -- has been proposed as a treatment for type 2 diabetes.
* pseudin-4 | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The method is made understandable by the figure. A 27-member peptide library is synthesized from three amino acids. After the first (A) and second (B) cycles samples were set aside before mixing them. The products of the third cycle (C) are cleaved down before mixing then are tested for activity. Suppose the group labe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hope's apparatus consists of a vertical vessel full of water surrounded round the middle by a trough of cooling ice. Two thermometers, one above and one below the trough, measure the temperature of the water. It is designed to demonstrate that water reaches its maximum density at .
As the water in the central part of t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Euxinia or euxinic conditions occur when water is both anoxic and sulfidic. This means that there is no oxygen (O) and a raised level of free hydrogen sulfide (HS). Euxinic bodies of water are frequently strongly stratified; have an oxic, highly productive, thin surface layer; and have anoxic, sulfidic bottom water. T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trisoxazolines (Often abbreviated TRISOX or TOX) are a class of tridentate, chiral ligands composed of three oxazoline rings. Despite being neutral they are able to form stable complexes with high oxidation state metals, such as rare earths, due to the chelate effect. The ligands have been investigated for molecular re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ekman theory explains the theoretical state of circulation if water currents were driven only by the transfer of momentum from the wind. In the physical world, this is difficult to observe because of the influences of many simultaneous current driving forces (for example, pressure and density gradients). Though the fol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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